Gender Inequality in the Workplace

            Introduction

            Gender inequality in the corporate world has continuously been an essential issue of anxiety. Based on information by researchers the inequality in the workplace is attributed to the men’s preponderance in authoritative positions.  Several individuals believe that men deserve to be paid more than women while others suggest that since the issue is ethically significant. Based on the recent research demonstrates the growing level of wage inequality among sexes. This clearly states that men and women hold different attitudes in regard to workplace.  According to Fagan, Gonzalez, & Gomez, (2011) gender inequality in the corporate world is an important issue ethically which necessitates adequate solutions as it leads to unethical women discrimination (Fagan, Gonzalez, & Gomez, 2011).  The discrimination of women drives women motivation in accomplishing tasks which leads to poor interpersonal relatives and insufficient corporate culture. There is the necessity of putting women in top positions in commercial projects

            Gender inequality is important ethically as it drives the motivation of women in accomplishing tasks in accurate ways (Fagan, Gonzalez, & Gomez, 2011).  Gender discrimination is embedded in the corporate world for example the experiences of women regarding inequality in the surrounding of the working place which are based on inadequate benefits, lack of deference. This therefore results to women having insufficient motivation in performing duties.  They lack the motivation and the interest of developing fresh thoughts and utilize their creativity in settling decisions (Fagan, Gonzalez, & Gomez, 2011).

            Fagan, Gonzalez, & Gomez, (2011) asserts that, Gender inequality affects hugely interpersonal relations in the work place.  When women are treated inequitably in the work place they have poor interpersonal relations with other employees. Women are not considered as suitable candidate in the leadership position.  The assumption is fully wrong because women are fully able to demonstrate their best knowledge, skills and experience which can be utilized in the roles of leadership.  It is undoubtedly clear that women do not have the interests of improving interpersonal relations in the corporate.  This therefore reveals that unethical discrimination of women in the corporate organization results in certain issues which are related to work place and this not only affect the performance of women but the general productivity of the organization.

Women who are in top positions in organizations hold an occupation that provides them with authority, responsibility and influence (Fagan, Gonzalez, & Gomez, 2011). From the historical perspective authority has been disperses disparately among the sexes.  Authority and top positions are highly linked with men as disparate to women in the society today. Due to social reforms women are holding top positions in the purpose of increasing the equality of gender (Fagan, Gonzalez, & Gomez, 2011).

According to Kouzes, & Posner, (2012) proportional and accurate representation of women in social systems has been illustrated as essential in the long lasting of the system’s efficiency.  The absence of an equal number of women as compared to the number of men in the top organization’s positions clearly demonstrates that the absence of an equal number is not due to their disadvantage but due to exclusion. Women are generally excluded from powerful positions which are due to the gender stereotype compound which retards the equalization pace (Kouzes, & Posner, 2012).

            Kouzes, & Posner, (2012) claims that it cannot be considered as affair thing that men continuously make more money than women even when they both hold the same qualifications.  Men are considered to hold more potentiality in being at high positions even when women are at a much better position to run the same position.  Power discrimination in the work place is continuously hindering gender equality and relation in the modernized society.  It is not fair that women have to begin at lower organizational positions that the counterparts who holds the same qualifications.  Men are more likely to get promotions in organizations than women because the top positions are mainly preserved for the male gender that is believed to be more capable (Kouzes, & Posner, 2012).

            Based on the recent researches women have proved to be more effective in the authoritative positions than men.  Employers should base their employment decisions on individuals who are bound to work better for the benefit of everyone and not based on gender. There are several major factors in the corporate world which separates women from men include, hiring, salaries and promotions. In the procedures of hiring employers are more likely to settle for a man than a woman because they believe that women are connected to more responsibilities which hinder them from achieving corporate efficiency (Kouzes, & Posner, 2012).

            The gender inequality issue is ethically significant as it influences the general success of the corporate in the competitive advertise (Kouzes, & Posner, 2012).  Unethical organizations have poor culture of corporate which results in improper relations in all the business levels.  Based on various research women who experience continuous discrimination in the organization find it difficult in promoting the culture of the corporate. Women deserve equal opportunities and should not be treated as inferior especially in situations when they hold equal or advanced capabilities of working (Kouzes, & Posner, 2012).

            In the current society gender inequalities amongst the working places has been apparent where women are treated as inferior.  They are therefore getting paid less and the overall women are segregated even when they are intelligent that men (Kouzes, & Posner, 2012).  Gender discriminations in the work place should be disconnected because they are grounded on erroneous assumptions and women are equally sufficient like the male gender. Gender equality in the work place is more beneficial to the involved individuals as well as the general corporate. Therefore workplace gender inequality can be termed as harsh in the modern society and very illogical (Kouzes, & Posner, 2012).  This is because studies have established women to have more capabilities of accomplishing tasks that were set for men in even better mode.  The connection between gender equality and workplace increased performance has also been established.  The gender discrimination in the workplace should thus not be encourages because it does not affect the women alone but the general business.  The unequal judgments in the corporate world forces women to withdraw from contributing towards the general economy as the motivation of pursuing leadership are demolished.  Businesses look down at women therefore naming it difficult for them to get involved which is influenced by unfair treatments through hiring, payments s and promotion (Kouzes, & Posner, 2012).

            Conclusion

            It is thus clear that the inequality issue in the workplace is ethically important as it refers to the ethics of gender.  There are several major easons that can be utilized to show that gender discrimination in the work place is important ethically.  The first reason is that gender inequality holds strong effects on the motivation of women. When the women lack the motivation while performing their tasks they are forced o perform in unethical manner.  Additionally, gender discrimination affects interpersonal relations to a great extent in the workplace.  Moreover gender inequality affects corporate culture effectiveness. A corporate culture relies on well established ethical practices which prevents gender discrimination occurrence in an organization. This includes lower salaries as compared to me, prejudices, stereotypes and sexual harassment.

            References

Fagan, C., Gonzalez, M. M., & Gomez, A. S. (2011). Women in management: European employment policy. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.

Kouzes, J. M., & Posner, B. Z. (2012). The leadership challenge: How to make extraordinary      things happen in organizations. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.

Dealing with social questions or problems.

            The sociological perspective in dealing with the social problems is mainly based on sociological fancy. The public is involved to many difficulties individually.  For example, many persons poor and jobless, many are exposed in deprived wellbeing and may drink too much and commit crimes.  When one thinks about these people, one understands that their problems come along alone and that they and other persons have the same problems and blames their predicaments.  Sociology has a different approach to the perspective as it persons are based on these problems from the society aspects itself.  Problems in the society help to reason for the problems that person’s experience.  These problems focuses on the personal troubles that are best understood as public matters thus sociological approach of the societal problems refers to the ability to cope up with the structural basis for personal problems. Another social problem is eating disorders, a person’s eating disorder partakes the personal trouble that is form the deficiency of control, low self- honor and personal problem. For instance, maximum Americans with consumption illnesses are ladies and not males, thus this sexual category inequality empowers us to enquire what it is about being a female in the American society that makes consumption complaints more mutual (Giddens, Duneier & Appelbaum, 2003).

            Thus eating disorder is considered as a societal issue but not an individual problem. Social problems focus on how and why people understand the problem in the basis of a process and not a status.  It is thus viewed as a social problem and that is how they socially make social problems. The social problem starts with claim makers who claim things that some conditions are to be focused as a problem and the problem should be known in many ways and needs to be addressed. Other people respond to those claims and work on them, thus the social problems made in the society should be addressed in critical ways to evaluate the success of the policy. The issues that are defined as social predicaments are complicated in their own nature.  Due to this fact, the sociologists must approach to the problem carefully. These issues are categorized into three categories, functionalism, conflict theory and social interactions (Giddens, Duneier & Appelbaum, 2003).

Functionalism

            The industrial revolution of the 19^th century manipulated these focuses that started in Europe and America and it caused many changes.  These changes included the growth and development of the cities as people left their ranches to live near factories.  As these cities developed, people grew poorer, crowded and in poor conditions.  This evidence shows that a strong society as demonstrated by the strong social connections and policies and successful socialization which was needed to protect social order from decomposing. Lack of strong society and effective socialization creates social breaks down and violence and social disorders (Berg, Lune & Lune, 2004).   

Conflict theory

            This explains is featured by the inequality in the social class, race and gender. The community alternations are essential in eliminating the community inequality thus making an egalitarian society. The communal predicaments are from the essential liabilities in the features of the society and both show inequalities that are on the race, gender and other factors.  Thu the solutions to social predicaments involve change in the whole society (Berg, Lune & Lune, 2004).    

Symbolic connections

            This shows that people outline their responsibilities as they connect with each other although they do not learn the responsibilities that the society has made for them.  As this connection happens, people define their conditions whereby they get themselves and socially make the realism to the condition.  Thus social problems arise from the person’s connection. Those who engage in problems that are from social behaviors, learn these manners from other individuals.  People may also learn their insights from other persons (Berg, Lune & Lune, 2004).              When someone understands these perspectives one understands that the functionalism theory shows that the changes in the society would not be important as part of solutions to the problems in the society. Conflict perspective would take a different approach to the problems in the society. To lessen the problems in the society, this approach would direct to the change in the economic condition of the society.  Symbolic approach focuses on the decision to be made to provide solution in the society and it would also establish programs that would lessen the chances for connections that will upsurge problems (Stock & Lambert, 2001). 

            Sociology is a life philosophy and it tries to discover the features and the interaction between people and the communal world. The ways in which social problems can be solved is by evaluating the social world and avoid false conclusions. The social problems are the vital part of the society and their rise are based on theoretical approach. The social problems encourage the critical thinking as the students understand on how the social matters may influence them either directly or indirectly.  Social predicaments encourage the critical thinking on the student as they try to evaluate on how the social matters impact them. Students advance their sociological imaginations as they connect with what is happening in their own lives to the whole social matters that are in the society (Treviño & McCormack, 2014).     

Reference

Berg, B. L., Lune, H., & Lune, H. (2004). Qualitative research methods for the social sciences (Vol. 5). Boston, MA: Pearson.

Giddens, A., Duneier, M., & Appelbaum, R. P. (2003). Introduction to sociology. Norton.

 Stock, J. R., & Lambert, D. M. (2001). Strategic logistics management (Vol. 4). Boston, MA: McGraw-Hill/Irwin.

Treviño, A. J., & McCormack, K. M. (2014). Service sociology and academic engagement in social problems.

Dear Abby, my family never talks. How do I stop the yelling?

Anonymous

Family is the most important pillar in all our lives since they give us unconditional love though at times this is not the case as they cause as pain. Communication is the key thing when it comes to any relationship especially in families. So it is important to make sure that you water this relationship and treasure the value of each member of your family.

Finding a mode of communication with all your family members is important. One method you can use is conflict management via negotiation. Since the problem is with all members of the family, you can have a third party, to help with the negotiation. This might a person that even your parents look up to and respect and also the kids know the person. If you can find a relative that relates well with all of you it will be more helpful. It is important that the negotiator is not bias and does not take sides. A family counselor might also be assistance.

During the negotiation, the first thing is to accept that there is a problem. Ensure that you do not blame each other but rather each one of you should accept you faults. After noting the problems is important you come up with your different expectations from each other, ensuring that you don’t judge. The details are important so even the minor things should be listed out of all the acceptable and unacceptable things. This will help prevent minor crisis in the house. Also set apart some time for you to reconnect and do activities that you all love or enjoyed. Make sure that you listen to each other.

During your sessions or family meetings, it is important that you practice empathetic listening. This means that you should try not to be defensive or offensive or criticize or blame.  Every two people have two different views, this is called the separate-reality phenomenon. So most of the time you might disagree or have difference of opinions so it is important that before any of you acts out you should listen to the other persons point of view and work towards a solution that is beneficial to all of you. This will reduce the conflicts and yelling as you will be able to communicate better.

All this will fail if there is no acknowledgement. Acknowledgement in this case means that you all accept that there is a problem with your family.  If any member does not see the problem, then it will be hard for them to work toward solving the issue. It is possible to solve your problems if you are in. After war comes peace, so every person must name the things that might have led to the fall out. Rebuilding broken relationships is very hard and it takes time, so you must all be patient. Acceptance of the other person’s weaknesses and short comings might also close the rift.  If any member is unresponsive or starts up feuds, it’s important that you reassure them that you understand them and that you will stand by him.

Family conflicts can last for years if not solved when there is time. It is important that you follow the mantra: Accept, Listen and Associate, and I think your feud will be solved

All the best, Abby

Resilience in middle childhood

Introduction

 Resilience in the middle childhood is the ability of a child to adapt positively to his or her situation despite its negatives. It also involves the capacity the child has to overcome major stress that comes his or her way. Resilience gives children the ability to overcome that which their peers may not be in position to overcome. It is also good to note that a child can be resilient but in some other times he or she might be overwhelmed by the prevailing situations.

            It should be noted carefully that middle childhood is the developing period of a child’s life. The child at this stage receives a lot of public devotion and self-awareness is focused to several facets of corporeal development and abilities. Having the physical advancement visible,  the child’s self-perception is affected in addition to how the child is regarded by other people. Other peers and adults tend to treat them differently which may affect the children’s patrician affiliations. Those who develop early may end up feeling obstinate whereas the late developers feel as if they are not normal for they are not developing as fast as their peers. Those children who are resilient will appreciate themselves with this differences while others struggle with stress of who and how they are compared to their age mates. Others lose confidence, which makes them less presentable as peers to even their fellows.

            Flexibility is of great importance to children who are brought up in a punitive environment both at home and school. We have children who are brought up in awkward environments where the parents are drug addicts who will always solve their differences by fighting. This children grow up with a lot of bitterness and sometimes do not have the ability to keep friends because they are shaped by their environment as harsh people (Werner & Smith 2001). This kids might think that all their differences can only be solved by fighting because of what they have seen with their parents. This can be a source of stress to the children because they might not be willing to live as their parents do but already the character is in them. It calls for the few resilient ones to learn and adapt a good and likeable character from elsewhere while still in the poor environment created by their parents. This might serve as the only way to curb their hostility and misunderstanding of concepts (Werner & Smith 2001).

            We have issues where children lose their parents while still in school maybe in very tender age. This is always a major reason for the failure of some of this children in life, the children might fail to recover from the agony brought by the death of the parents leaving the gap unfilled. Changing the environment of these children might serve as a physical solution but not mental and emotional (Werner & Smith 2001). Resilient children are the only ones who survive this by finding affection from other adults whom they are close to and try to fill the gap of having their parents gone. This helps them to reduce stress and become even more ambitious in working towards their goals and dreams and avoid being victims of historical misfortunes. However, skills can also be a major source that stress peers when they realize they lack a field of excellence (Werner & Smith 2001). They should learn to be flexible and find their own fields of excellence other than those that prove hard to them.

References

Top of Form

Werner, E. E., & Smith, R. S. (2001). Journeys from childhood to midlife: Risk, resilience and     recovery. Ithaca, NY [u.a.: Cornell Univ. Press.  Bottom of Form

Psychological Disorder

Disorder’s history/background

            Our understanding of personality disorders has existed for quite a long time. There are various classification systems that have been used in description and diagnosis of personality disorders in varying periods of history (Rotgers & Maniacci, 2006). During the 4^th century BC, the Hippocrates described the disease as a disparity of the four humors in the body. The fundamental idea here was about the four body fluids which included; blood, phlegm, black bile and yellow bile. Therefore any variations in their levels were referred to cause changes in people’s moods (Rotgers & Maniacci, 2006). Later in the 18^th century, it was observed that patients behaved irrationally though they seemed in touch with reality and were aware of their irrationality.

            Philippe Pinel in his observations described what we can now call personality disorder. The only types of mental illness that were known then were delirium, mania, delusions and psychoses. In 1835, J.C. Pritchard a British senior Physician published a seminal work that was entitled “Treatise on Insanity and other Disorders of the mind” (Rotgers & Maniacci, 2006). According to him, moral insanity comprised of a morose distortion of one’s natural feelings, inclinations, habits, temper, morals and impulses without defect of the intellect faculties. The European diagnostic systems started describing various temperaments and personality types in the early 1900s (Rotgers & Maniacci, 2006). Due to infancy in the scientific profession of psychiatry during that period, mental conditions and disorders could not be well defined. Between 1920s and 1930s, Sigmund Freud and his team were the first to initiate the categorization of mental disorders. Freud theorized the causes of emotional and behavioral problems (Rotgers & Maniacci, 2006). However, there is advancement in the modern understanding of personality disorders beyond Freud’s theories.

Causes of personality disorders

            Despite in the past, when people believed that those with personality disorders were lazy and evil, the new research suggests the potential causes of personality disorders. One of the causes is genetics; researchers have identified possible genetic factors responsible of personality disorder (McCallum, 2001). According to this research, there is a possibility of inheriting a particular personality trait from parents. Personality disorders may also be caused as a result of environmental factors for instance by being exposed to chronic fear in childhood stage, being a victim of physical, emotional and sexual abuse at an early stage, being neglected by parents at an early stage, or growing up with a family member who had a mental disorder.

             Attachment theories may also contribute to the cause of personality disorder; this is the relationship between the child and their caregivers.  Sensitive care giving will result into a secure attachment which enables the child to grow in a flexible and a confident relationship with others (McCallum, 2001). However, an insecure attachment as a result of abandonment, being ignored, harmful threats will most likely lead to personality disorder. Personality disorder may also be caused by high reactivity; this is characterized by sensitivity to light, texture, noise, and other stimuli. Children who are overly sensitive are more likely to develop timid, shy or anxious personalities.

Treatment of personality disorders

            Treating personality disorder involves a course of psychological therapy which lasts for a period of six months or more depending on the severity of the condition. Psychotherapy refers to a treatment that involves discussion of emotions, thoughts and behaviors with a professional (McCallum, 2001). This is aimed at improving one’s ability to regulate emotions and thoughts. There are therapies that focus on dysfunctional thoughts and others that focus on self awareness of how one’s mind works. There are also social therapies that help understand how to socially relate with others. These psychological therapies are usually effective for many personality disorders. They are always conditioned to only be delivered by a professional trained to work with personality disorders. This is because of the dangers associated with personality disorders for example self harm (McCallum, 2001). Psychotherapist are trained to have all the experience to deal with personality disorders for example listening and discussing with the patient, strategies to deal with the problem. A range of psychotherapies are used in treating personality disorders.

            Psychodynamic psychotherapy is based on the view that personality disorder is related to negative childhood experience. In this case, metallization-based therapy is recommended in borderline personality disorder. There is cognitive behavioral therapy which is based on the view that our thinking about a situation affects our actions towards that particular situation and this need to change right from the how we think. This condition is being reduced using Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) (McCallum, 2001). We also have interpersonal therapy which is based on the view that our relationship with people around us has a powerful impact to our mental health. There is no licensed medication currently being used in treating personality disorder, however, medications are always prescribed to treat a specific problem like anxiety, depression, etc.

Diagnostic criteria for personality disorders

            The following are the diagnostic criteria for a person antisocial personality disorder. There is a pattern of disregard for and defiance of the rights of others that occurs from the age of 15 years as shown by the following; failure to abide with the social norms in relation to lawful behaviors as shown by performing acts that are ground for arrest (Kantor, 2006). Deceitfulness as shown by repeated lies, conning others, use of aliases, failure to plan ahead,  recklessly disregarding self safety and others’ safety, lack of remorse which may be signified by being unresponsive to or rationalizing having harmed, mistreated and stolen from another. The other diagnostic criterion is that the individual is at least 18 years of age. There should also be an evidence of conduct disorder previously before 15 years of age (Kantor, 2006). Lastly, the occurrence of antisocial behavior should be excluded in the course of schizophrenia.

A person’s ability to live with antisocial personality disorder

            One is able to live with antisocial personality disorder as long as their condition is understood by those around them and they are not threatened because of their state. People with antisocial personality disorder are known not to be empathetic at all and hence e cannot understand others feelings. Therefore to help him or her live with the condition, let them be taken the way they are (Kantor, 2006). They can also be helped by taking them for medications if their conditions worsen. For healthcare professionals, they are recommended to set boundaries for themselves, enforce consequences in case boundaries are violated, debrief after enforcing consequences and when the person is calm, never to engage in arguments with the person and monitoring their communications both verbal and nonverbal.

Origin of antisocial personality disorder, first documented cases, types of treatment, how they work and the most effective ones

            This disorder originated from the view that there are people who exploit others and violate society rules for their personal gains as a result of their personality traits. One of the famous cases of antisocial personality disorders is that of David Garry a known criminal from Australia who spent his life in institutions since his adolescence (Kantor, 2006). He is known of mutilating himself as many times as seventy which includes swallowing razor blades, slicing off his nipples, nailing his feet and damaging his penis. He was also imprisoned for 14 years for attempting to murder three people. For all these crimes, he did not express remorse hence diagnosed of borderline antisocial personality disorder. This disorder is known to be the most difficult one to treat. However, antidepressants and antipsychotics are normally used in treating the associated problems and symptoms (Kantor, 2006). Additionally, psychotherapies are used to help patients deal with the disorder.

References

Rotgers, F., & Maniacci, M. P. (2006). Antisocial personality disorder: A practitioner's guide to comparative treatments. New York: Springer Pub.

McCallum, D. (2001). Personality and dangerousness: Genealogies of antisocial personality disorder. New York: Cambridge Univ. Press.

Kantor, M. (2006). The psychopathy of everyday life: How antisocial personality disorder affects all of us. Westport, Conn: Praeger.

Psychology Application Essay: Resilience in Middle Childhood

            Resilience in middle childhood refers to the ability of a child experiencing development to appropriately cope with adversity and stress. Middle childhood is a stage where a child’s role in the environment expands. At this stage, a child is capable of spending more time away from the parents for example in school and other activities. Children at this age start experiencing high environmental risks that may threaten their lives. Therefore resilience in middle childhood refers to the capability of such children to cope with the challenging environment. To build resilience among these children efforts are needed from both parental side and at school. This is because children meet challenges at home and at school. There are children who are resilient just by nature; their personality helps them to be psychologically strong. Such children do not find any difficulty in case of any kind of disappointment, rejection. These children have common features for example independent, good in solving a problem, optimistic and have a social connection.      However, this character is limited to a few children. That is why resilience in most of the children is nurtured, developed either y their parents especially those who are resilient or at school. These are some of the ways parents may build resilience in their children.  One of the ways is having a positive attitude; your positivity about any challenge will make a child to have the same positive mind in case of any challenge she or he may meet. It is also good to have time of teaching the children of any challenges they are most likely to meet in their daily life and by doing so, a child will always be ready to encounter such challenges since they are already informed of them. Another way parents can build resilience in their children is by making their children active participants in the family to make them get exposed to some of the challenges and observing their reactions for example involving them in home problem solving. Parents can also build coping skills for their children through various strategies and these skills can help them when life does not go well for them.

            My parents tried the best they could to build resilience in me though I could not realize it then. Being the first born at home my parents could assign me some duties to do alone and they could observe how I do them. Sometimes, they used to go away for a while and I would be left in the house alone. By doing this, little did I know that they were trying to weigh my capability to stay in a lonely environment. Secondly, I have never got a negative reaction from my parents plus my teachers whenever I did not perform well in class. I think this is what has always made me always positive in whatever I do. The negative reaction about something discourages someone most especially if a young child is being discouraged about something; she or he will grow up knowing that she or he will grow up knowing that she or she cannot do that particular but being positive in all ways build confidence in that child. Also, if a child at one moment was silenced down say in class, that child can never have confidence to speak again. Therefore, resilience is built on the way we handle these children both at home and at school.

Police Ethics

            In the issue regarding crime, police officers face a major challenge when it comes to detecting crimes and stopping criminals before they engage in their criminal activities. While catching a known criminal is seen as an achievement, preventing crimes before they happen is an even greater achievement because it ensures that people and the community at large do not suffer from the negative effects that would have occur had the crime taken place. Because of this, law enforcement officers employ different tactics and policies that assist them in their operations and try to apprehend criminals before they engage in their intended criminal activities. An example is the practices and policies used by the Georgian highway patrol to control drug trafficking along the highway dubbed the ‘drug pipeline’.

            George, a respectable member of the community has his own rights and freedoms (Dimitrakopoulos, 2007). It is these rights and freedom that allow him to dress however he wants and drive the kind of vehicle he desires. However, despite his rights and freedoms, the law enforcement officers have a duty to stop drug traffickers and employ all means to ensure that those using the drug pipeline highway are apprehended. The repetitive stops are therefore reasonable provided they are conducted in a manner that does not lead to the infringement of George’s rights and freedom. Whether repetitive or not, the highway patrol officers have a duty to perform. Since George fits this description and profile, the police officers are therefore required to follow the policies and regulations that they have been given when dealing with such people.

            The reasoning behind these stops is that drug traffickers use the described profile as a way of blending in and to avoid attracting attention. The profile helps the highway patrol officers to select which type of cars to stop since it would be irrelevant to stop and search every car that uses that route. Since George uses the route and fits the description of drug traffickers, he is bound to be stopped and searched for drug possession. Officers who may fail to stop George could be considered as having neglected their duties because they are required to stop him as indicated in the policies and procedures (Barker, 2011).

            If I was a recruit and the field training officer asked me to skip George, I would be surprised and less inclined to follow his order because George fits the description of people that are to be stopped and searched. However, the search should be conducted in a way that does not infringe George’s rights. Because of this, the officer who took apart George’s car and left him stranded is not a good example of a leader. Since George willingly allowed the officer to search his car, he should have helped to put the car back up after the search. Leaving him stranded was an infringement to George’s rights especially because he was searched only because he fit a set profile (Hubbart, 2015).

References

Barker, T. (2011). Police ethics: Crisis in law enforcement. Springfield, Ill: Chares C. Thomas.

Dimitrakopoulos, D. G. (2007). Individual rights and liberties under the U.S. Constitution: The   case law of the U.S. Supreme Court. Leiden: Martinus Nijhoff

Hubbart, P. A. (2015). “Making sense of search and seizure law: A Fourth Amendment    handbook” Carolina Academic Press

            Crisis Stages on the Titanic

            During the design state, the communicate crisis would have transformed the outcome for the titanic ship. This is because during the phase of its design the white star line corporation chairman J. Bruce argued that there was no necessity of providing lifeboats for all the 2200 boarding passengers (Conklin, 2012). He argued this based on the basis of the overconfidence and unheeded warnings that the boat was unsinkable. This is illustrated by the following quote ‘’Designed to be unsinkable’’ (Conklin, 2012).

            As a chairman, he, therefore, portrayed poor leadership because although the ship was reasoned as an effective adequate lifeboat for all the passengers had to be provided to overcome the potential risks. The ship was therefore designed with adequate lifeboats for less than one thousand two hundred people. In designing of products, customers must be considered in order to ensure their safety and the designing can work beyond the legal standard to overcome issues fully (Conklin, 2012).

            For instance, my end of semester exams was nearing at last year and I knew that I had not studied enough.  This was, therefore, a pre-crisis stage where the issue was suspicious but I failed to pay attention ignoring the threat in order to maintain status quo with my friends thus avoiding to face reality.

            The unfolding crisis, therefore, occurred where I had failed to communicate to myself to address the issue. I, therefore, failed to make preparations to determine how I was supposed to secure myself out of the situation. The preparation would have helped me during the stage of navigation to prepare for my final stage of the final exam. The post-crisis, therefore, occurred in the final stage which unfolded the reality of failing to adequately prepare for all the stages.  Proper evaluations of my conduct would have helped in developing a suitable analysis to the potential threats. The results of the five crisis, therefore, resulted in my failure of the exam which generated a reflection of the poor communication and overconfidence that I held prior. The results were therefore fueled by the poor procedure that I utilized in managing the five crisis stages. ‘’Suitable crisis management is effective in transforming the outcome of situations” (Pforr, C., & Hosie, 2009).

            Reference

Conklin, T. (2012). Pre-accident investigations. Farnham, Surrey: Ashgate.

Pforr, C., & Hosie, P. (2009). Crisis management in the tourism industry: Beating the odds?.       Farnham, England: Ashgate.

DEATH PENALTY

            David Bruck is an attorney who is a strong supporter of death penalty rather than death justice. Bruck is an advisor on death penalty and he advocates for capital reprimand for the extreme criminal acts.  However, his counterpart Ed Koch opposes the idea of death punishment as he argues out that it does not fully bring out justice in totality (Bruck & Koch 20). He asserts that death punishment affirms life and failure to execute executioners poses a lesser value to the other victim who has been killed. Koch therefore approaches his argument by comparing those who oppose death justice with the neighbors of Kitty Genovese who failed to help her out when her assassin stabbed her to death (Bruck & Koch 20). Earlier on, the average justification of death as punishment was that this was the only way in which the justice would be served for the worst crimes. However, executions do not really discourage brutal crimes more effectively than the imprisonment.

            Bruck believes in morality while dealing with death penalty while Koch is agitated by morality issue as he asserts that the inquisitiveness of the modern life has led us into listening to morality lectures by cold-blooded assassins (Koch 12-15). Bruck argues that the capital penalty is the one that led to the inquisitiveness of the people rather than the modern life. Though Bruck agrees with Koch that execution brings justice especially to worst cases and to people guilty of the act but he is however concerned with cases where mistakes are made. He thus asserts that execution is not necessary as a mistake may occur where one may end up being executed when he is totally innocent. On the other hand Koch agrees to the fact that similar cases has ever occurred in the past where innocent people were executed but he continues to assert that in most cases where a prisoners guilt is in question ends up unresolved (Koch 12-15).

             Bruck believes that execution is not a solution to the violent crimes but it has been fueled by the rationalization disappointment and anger of the people who witness the failure of the government to cope with these brutal crimes. Bruck therefore states that continuous execution may blinding us to a point of wanting more of penalty on flesh and bones of the convicted prisoners but yet forgetting of the demoralization and the negative consequences that come along with it (Bruck & Koch 20).

            Koch focuses on fury and he confuses it with an act of justice as he states that we underestimate murder if we fail to execute the murderers.  This would mean that for us to get justice on any crime committed logically a similar crime should be committed. for instance if its rape case we should sodomize rapists so as to not underestimate the crime. Bruck argues that yes justice is important and it demands murderers to be punished but not to be executed while the society needs to be guarded against such people (Bruck & Koch 20). Edward strongly believes that life is precious but the only way to confirm this is when death penalty is put in practice. According to him this would be a key lesson to any murderer before committing such a crime as the possibility of death penalty is fresh in their minds and their moral awareness should have been seen before their crime and not after their act.  Koch argues that though death penalty may seem barbaric but it is the only adequate and just way to punish cold blooded assassins as capital punishment would be inadequate and unjust. Death penalty according to Koch is the only way in which the special life of man is protected from assassins who by executing would not be able to kill again (Koch 12-15).

            Both Bruck and Koch are guilty of fallacies as they at one at point drawing conclusions from a sample to the entire population without even making clear evidence as to why they are opposing or proposing their ideas.

 They are using some evidences to support their arguments but some of these arguments are just there to scare and not justifiable. They are subjects to manipulation so as to prove their point.

            Koch’s argument is more persuasive as his argument has a strong foundation and he is thus able to convince us on the importance of the death penalty. According to him he is determined to prove why death penalty is essential. He therefore goes deeper to explain his rationale for his death penalty action. In his argument he is ready to accept his weak points but then he continues to emphasize on justice that should be served and the only way to do it is by death penalty. He goes ahead to argue using more practical cases outside the topic so as to relate his argument for instance in the choice of the cancer story to relay his ideas. Therefore Koch seems more convinced of what he is arguing about hence making any reader or anyone listening to his argument to be persuaded that death penalty is the only way out thus he stands out to be the best persuader in this case.

            References

Bruck, David, and Edward I. Koch. "The Death Penalty: An Exchange." New Republic 192.20     (1985): 20-21. Business Source Premier. Web. 21 May 2016

Koch, Edward I. "DEATH AND JUSTICE." New Republic 15 Apr. 1985: 12+. Business Source   Premier. Web. 21 May 2016.

20 Ways That You Can Fight Human Trafficking

The video clearly shows that human trafficking involves trading humans with the common purpose of involuntary labor, sexual slavery to the extent of commercial sexual abuse (Reilly, 2015). This goes on with an encompass that provides the individuals with a spouse into forced marriage or even the extraction of organs and tissues. Their rights are violated and they are subjected to suffering due to the commercial exploitation. Enslaving people making them provide services against their own will is an inhuman act. Men, women and children do suffer as a result of trafficking. This is hazardous as it causes physical, mental, spiritual, moral and even social development disorders to the individuals (Reilly, 2015).

With the increasing rates of human trafficking, there have been various being implemented in order to reduce and even stop human trafficking. This includes learning how to raise flags that may indicate any possibility of human trafficking. Establishing resources centers that will help and rescue any individual who have been trafficked and any information regarding human trafficking can be channeled there (Farrell, 2011). Advocating for people to be conscientious consumers so that they can discover any human slavery footprint. By way of incorporating human trafficking information through conferences, manuals and training is a relevant step of stopping human trafficking (Farrell, 2011).

Starting or joining anti-trafficking coalitions will reduce human trafficking. Other methods include the assistant of the federal and local government to implement various to combat human trafficking. Ensuring that the public is aware of what human trafficking is and advise them to be vigilant. It will also do a long way to reach out to the victims who have been subjected to human trafficking in order to educate others (Farrell, 2011).

Reference

Farrell, C. (2011). Human trafficking. Edina, Minn: ABDO Pub.

Reilly .c (2015) Human Trafficking: A Crime Hard to Track Proves Harder To Fight; retrieved     from http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/frontline/article/what-is-human-trafficking-and-why-is-it-          so-hard-to-combat/

GENDER AND LEADERSHIP

Power and authority which we witnessed in each and every day at the work place are the reason I consider it vital to be reviewed. In such conversation which manifests at work, we tend to give unlimited attention to the necessities which ought not to be factored in. research indicates there has been an extensive connotation of leadership with masculinity together with power makes men be in the forefront whereas our dear women are left to warm the back benches (Holmes, 2008). Women in a number of organizations are predominantly perceived as the divergent exception when it comes to handling any job position which is highly regarded in any organization. Female voices have been silenced in the public forums just because of the masculine point of view which I think it should not be the decider of all this. A score of articles has stated that in the public workplace there is more male domination compared to the private sector. Consequently, most women are less likely to be seen as kind of potential leaders and worst still if you try to peruse any leadership position you are bound to face a lot of harshness’s (Holmes, 2008). Undeniably, sociolinguistic reveals that quite a good number of workplace setup show other underlying factors apart from gender reasons is the need to constructive and effective leadership at a workplace. We should not underscore the fact that even women who are in leadership tend to achieve enduring and impressive balance when working in tightrope in regards to workplace matters. As we can see masculinity does not matter when it comes to administering duties in offices and women should be given equality at workplaces.

Reference

Janet Holmes. (2008) Gendered discourse at work. Blackwell publishing ltd.

The Non- Western and The Western Societies

Thesis statement

            The native and the alien values are conveyed into the interaction with each other in the progression of thoughtful overseas principles on the receiver’s societies rational. This interaction of the non- Western and the Western societies show how their beliefs are incorporated and repudiated by the non- Western civilizations.  The interaction of the native culture with the overseas philosophies shows the rise in the social stiffness and fight. 

Introduction

            In the modern age, most of the non-Western societies performed as receivers and the discarders of the social features that were conveyed by the West. This kind of industrialization interaction was known as power reductionism and a mission of social compatibility. The question that was raised by the subject is why the non-Western societies cast off the Western culture and proclaimed their own way of life. This could be explained by the diffusion of the Western culture in the whole modern world while its successive withdrawal should be known as being caused by the revolution of the comparative influence of the West. When the public is developing its power, its philosophy gains appeal.  The culture customs its authority to execute its philosophy on other civilizations; therefore, the widespread culture of the Western in the whole domain is caused by the increase of the western influence in the current eras.  The withdrawal of the Western philosophy is provoked by the failure of the West’s virtual control conveyed by the non- Western civilizations’ accretion of authority through industrialization.

            The interface among the Western and non- Western principles can be assessed by considering the response of the members of non- Western societies to the Western philosophies.  The flow of the assessment will be focused to the non- Western societies’ response to the Western political thoughts and the religions which are introduced by the intelligent choice. The rational reactions to the Western political ideas and the religion do not show the whole responses that the features of Western cultures induce in the Western societies. Thus, an assessment of the rational reactions to the Western radical notions and religion will give a vantage point administering the complete reactions of the non- Western civilizations to Western radical notions and beliefs. The rations of the non – Western civilizations can be viewed as the part of a receiver of communications that is conveyed by the West.  Gadamer outlines what the receiver’s ethnic features are and what kind of influences that these resources and the given messages have upon each other and the result of the interaction. From a deep assessment of the Gadamer’s theory, there is an argument of the model of the non- Western society’s response to the Western political ideas and religion (Keynes, 2014).

            The industrial interaction between these societies is based on the political dormancy in the Western industrialized societies. They attribute this idea to spread the dominant beliefs. The fact that a specific set of ideas and feature are hugely diffused in the whole society do not mean that it has the authority to create the mind and manners of the whole society under its control. Based on culture, economy and politics, the western and the non- western moved first. Huge political upheavals such as the American Revolt and the French Rebellion started the procedure of increasing the radical depiction and giving other people a superior expression in politics.  In Europe, the Industrial revolution started and their entrepreneurship started creating socialism between the two societies.  These revolutions changed the world’s economies where there was the increase in population, diversions of class and urbanization was the trademarks of the Western social growth (Keynes, 2014). 

            The basis of the modern culture and intellectual life was invented in Europe during the methodical rebellion and the Explanation. Only a few of the non- Western societies adapted first to the urbanization while the Westerns adapted slowly but this did not resist change in the two regions.  Another development was the rise of the West as the world’s prominent civilized culture.  Industrialization and urbanization did not only make the Western society well known and technologically improved, it also became powerful.  By the end of the 19th century, The Western society had already gained its political power.  The American government was seeking ways in which it would overtake the Western society in economic and military power.  The non-western society started to adhere to the many of the creative and fictional forms of the West such as philosophy and writing panaches.  This had an influence on the western culture mainly in painting and statue. Technology alternation also led to the loss of interaction between the West and the non- West which was mainly affected by industrialization.  The federal economy and the personal existence were affected by the increasingly reasonable inventions that had interference of machine power and electricity (Wills, 2002). 

            The industrialization of the two societies also affected the social structure in the two societies where a few countries of them became independent although women in the societies could not vote.  Industrialization changed the class structures where the middle class gained great wealth and differentiated while the lower class which included the laborers was formed. People from both societies migrated and moved from China and Europe to America.  America was the destination of the non-western and the Western immigrants.  Although the nature of women in these societies remained subordinate, industrialization created a huge interaction of gender relations between the societies.  There was a greater knowledge of the unequal treatment of women that had already started to spread.  This was reinforced by the principles of the clarification and the vigorous role that women played in the American and French rebellions. The topic of the women’s fairness inclined to be slower in the non-Western societies.  The level of education increased together with the freedom to own property.  In the West, women worked in specific occupations such as agricultural labor and nursing.  This interaction was diminished as the many of the non-western parts of the world became developed and the women who were classified in the lower class entered the working occupations (Wills, 2002). 

Conclusion

            Industrialization increased the humanoid influence on the environment where it increased the levels of pollution. The yearning of the developed economies made many people from the two societies travel for huge distances. The social divergence was focused as it hugely affected the residential existence as the rich people moved away from the slums leaving the poor in them.  The middle-class people deplored the tasks and the sexual manners of many workers suggesting that their bad behavior was the main cause of poverty. This can be said as the effects of industrialization on the non- west and the Western societies.

Reference

Keynes, J. M. (2014). The Economic Consequences of the Peace. Lanham: Start Classics. 

Wills, G. (2002). Inventing America: Jefferson's Declaration of Independence. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co.