Business Research Assessment

Component 1: Activity One

Literature Search and Review

The first journal is titled ‘’the future of stakeholder management theory: A temporal perspective’’ authored by Verbeke and Tung. This journal was published in the year 2013 with an ABS grading of 4. The paper mainly explored on the role of stakeholder theory in organizational management in securing competitive advantage. In addition, the journal additional explored the existing relationship amid competitive advantage in the economic world today and the implementation of management based strategies. The paper asserts that in order for sustainable competition to be achieved stakeholder theory should be incorporated into the general process of management given that it facilitates the general adoption of suitable strategies and competitive firmness. The paper’s results have offered adequate data which demonstrates that all its three testable premises are sustained which is related to the actual relationship that exists amid competitive advantage, stakeholder theory, and organizational management practices. All the three factors are substantial at p ≤ 0.001. The study is characterized by maximum information because it is focused on the global context. There are several other essential variables that have not been incorporated in the investigation that would have a substantial effect on the result of human resource training.

The second journal is titled ‘’ Micro-foundations for stakeholder theory: Managing stakeholders with heterogeneous motives.’’ authored by Bridoux and Stoelhorst. The journal was published in the year 2017 and holds an ABC ranking of 4. The journal was mainly focused on exploring the role of Stakeholder and equity theory on the anticipated business success.  The paper focused on how businesses should mainly incorporate stakeholder in the management of their operations which can increase the company’s revenue while focusing on consumer and supplier relationships building in order to sustain their competitive capabilities. The paper created two main measurable hypotheses as well as one non-examinable. The information from the journal demonstrates that the three hypotheses had been sustained.

The third journal is titled ‘’Applying stakeholder theory in sustainability management: Links, similarities, dissimilarities, and a conceptual framework’’ authored by Hörisch, Freeman, and Schaltegger. The journal was published in 2014 and has an ABC grading of 4. The paper mainly investigated on how stakeholder theory can be utilized in business for sustainable management. The journal has two main clear hypothesis. It emphasized mainly that in order to generate more revenue organizations should employ stakeholder theory in operations management.  Based on the paper’s analysis the general results mainly supported the theory in regard to capital development.

Investigation Report

The three papers were selected on the basis of content, their locations, date, structure, referencing, title, and authors. The analysis was followed in order to establish the accuracy and dependability of the papers. This implies that the only artless that were selected are those that are peer reviewed which means that they are published by more than a single order. Based on the acquired journals from the internet the selection was based on Management and sustainability in regard to stakeholder theory and the key terms included business, success, competitive and sustainability. The article had to have been published in the last five years through which most of the acquired ones were ruled out. Through the evaluation, it becomes easier to focus on the papers that advocated for the use of stakeholder theory in organizational management for competitive positioning and sustainability.

Summary of What Was Discovered From the Search and Research Process

The process of research revealed that through the search for relevant and reliable journals is necessary. From the research, it is apparent that stakeholder management is the basic strategy of gaining competitive position. In that stakeholder’s management does not only intend to maximize earnings for the stakeholders but it also plays a crucial role in creating business stability (Hörisch, Freeman and Schaltegger, 2014 329). In addition, research revealed that stakeholder theory is a business practice that mainly deals with management and operational ethics that seeks to increase organizational value. Businesses can, therefore, utilize its concepts in shaping as well as growing stability. The theory drives strategic position and operations. The utmost value of any organization is its reputation (Bridoux and Stoelhorst, 2014 110). In this context, placing the general needs of all the stakeholders at the forefront of organizational operation improves the firm’s reputation. In that, while the organization should focus on maximizing the earnings of its investors it should also seek to fulfill the need of the staffs and consumers which will not only create sustainable relationships but increase loyalty due to utmost satisfaction. The theory does not only offer consistent support to commercial beliefs but it can additionally be utilized as a social responsibility guideline which in turn reinforces the company’s brand (Verbeke and Tung, 2013 530).

 

 

 

References

Hörisch, J., Freeman, R.E. and Schaltegger, S., 2014. Applying stakeholder theory in sustainability management: Links, similarities, dissimilarities, and a conceptual framework. Organization & Environment, 27(4), pp.328-346.

Bridoux, F. and Stoelhorst, J.W., 2014. Microfoundations for stakeholder theory: Managing stakeholders with heterogeneous motives. Strategic Management Journal, 35(1), pp.107-125.

Verbeke, A. and Tung, V., 2013. The future of stakeholder management theory: A temporal perspective. Journal of Business Ethics, 112(3), pp.529-543.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Activity Two: Presenting Findings

            Question 1

            H0 – no distinction amid the average annual profit per every staff within the organization. The null hypothesis is that there lacks revenue distinction amid my organization and the industrial average. Symbolically this means that Organisation equals sector’s average

            H1- the annual profit average generation per worker is equal or lesser than the average yearly profit in the industry per worker.  Symbolically this implies that Organisation ≤ average sector.

Question 2

Based on the fact that the alpha state is greater than the organisation’s alpha status which is 0.5, my conclusion would be that there lacks adequate evidence to discard the present null hypotheses which shows that there is no distinction amid the average revenue per worker of this company and the projected industry’s revenue for each worker in the previous operational year. This, therefore, implies that the existing data do not offer any support to the existing hypotheses.

Question 3

It can be computed that z equals to 1203 – 1228 divided by 104 which generates – 0.2404. The increasing probability for the acquired -0.24 generates 0.4052. Based on the analysis it is apparent that the possibility of acquiring revenue per employee is higher with four times.

Question 4

My conclusion is that there lacks adequate data to support H1 and this, therefore, implies that there is no support for the yearly revenue generated by the organization per worker which is lower than that of the sector.

Question 5

This can best be considered as type one error.

Question 6

The assumptions made is that H0 should not be excluded. It was assumed that the data followed a normal circulation. In addition, the information that comprises of the sample depicts the utilized population and data is statistically self-governing.

Component 2:  Essay Critique

Article 5: Organizational ethics, individual ethics, and ethical intentions in international decision-making.

            Introduction

The article titled Organizational Ethics, Individual Ethics, and Ethical Intentions in International Decision-Making authored by Elango care, Kundu Sumit and Paudel Shishir (2010) explores the effect on both personal and organizational ethics on ethical intention. The authors utilized a qualitative study in developing conclusions on that ethical intention of the individual and organization behaviour are essential given that they determine the performance of the business. The study mainly focuses on business and individual ethics given that the intentional behaviour determines success and sustainability in the global context. In this case, the authors mainly claim that more than half of decision failures are mainly driven by ethical intentions. This essay is an academic critique of this article’s structure, hypothesis development and support, methods, literature, and findings.

Context and Background Description and Critique

The article state by carefully attracting its readers in a thorough and yet quick manner which is appropriate. In that within the abstract, it utilizes engaging languages that play part in enhancing the readers understanding of what it entails. Within the introduction, the objective of the paper, background and supporting claims are adequately provided. The main research variables and the hypothesis are clearly highlighted which demonstrate the manner in which individual and company based ethics plays part in decision making and business success, particularly in the global sector. The introduction of the paper is effective in providing knowledge to the readers in regard to its research significance and how ethics affects operations and decision making. The article is thorough and is not too broad or extremely brief given that the study offers complete justifications for the raised arguments and cover any chances for wrong interpretations.

The article asserts that corporate governance is the structure in which organizations are ruled and managed. The primary goals of applying corporate governance are to develop measures that seek to ensure operative managerial control are developed with consideration of privileges and duties of different stakeholders along with ethical standards and practices. Creating an ethical surrounding has been established to a major force that decreases business costs and contributes to success (Elango, Paul, Kundu, and Paudel, 2010). Corporate ethics is acquired both by personal and organizational ethics (Elango, Paul, Kundu, and Paudel, 2010). The article is strategically divided which is essential in presenting its theoretical claims and hypothesis. The research results are thorough are well presented which reveals that individual and company ethic affects organizational management and its reputation. The article’s research backs substantially to business ethics literature in numerous ways. The assertion is particularly on international business decision development a scope that is considered to be of modern business interest due to the growth of globalization. This approach makes the study to be more relevant.

Hypotheses Critique

The study has three hypotheses which are adequately supported by research. The first hypothesis holds that individual ethics is associated with desirable ethical motives (Elango, Paul, Kundu, and Paudel, 2010). The other two demonstrates that the perception of employees towards their job has a direct desirable impact in regard to ethical motives and conduct. The hypothesis is justifiable because adequate information is provided in their support.

Methods Critique

In research, the methodology is accounted to be an essential investigation focus since it enables the development of research patterns, results, and assumptions regarding the subject under discussion. The article utilized a qualitative research method which concentrated on gaining insights in regard to the role played by personal and organizational ethics in corporate governance and intentional ethics. The study utilized a population sample of MBA students in two prime universities in America with a minimum of two years of operating experience and full-time jobs (Elango, Paul, Kundu, and Paudel, 2010). The inclusion strategy that is applied in the study is particularly clear and the study sample is appropriate based on its knowledge, experience, and relationship with regard to the study subject. The use of qualitative approach is additionally suitable because it helped in the establishment of fresh concept and maximized data collection through introducing fresh research theories.

Discussion and Results Critique

The discussion and result parts provide the readers with a relevant understanding of organizational ethics and corporate governance concepts. Actually, the study offered significant and thorough results in the demonstration of how personal ethics within an organization determines business performance and sustainability in international business particularly in the contemporary environment. The discussion and the results are fully dependable because the authors have cited them fully. The results and the conclusions revealed that the study was conducted with the knowledge that corporate governance and ethics plays part in the shaping of organizational decision making capability in regard to international business.

In conclusion, the article is properly structured, formally authored with adequate account of publication elements. The authors have included all the necessary subtitled with supporting claims and evidence that facilitated the development of the three hypothesis that is fully supported by research. The article is therefore relevant given that it tackles a contemporary business issue which surrounds ethics and corporate governance which determines the success of the business. The results are important particularly for international business and ethics application where business managers and policy makers can utilize them in shaping economic performance.

 

 

 

References

Elango, B., Paul, K., Kundu, S.K. and Paudel, S.K. (2010). Organizational ethics, individual ethics, and ethical intentions in international decision-making. Journal of Business Ethics 97:543–561. Springer. DOI 10.1007/s10551-010-0524-z