Research Aims
- To examine effects of the Palermo convention in combating human trafficking crime in UK and Jordan.
- To investigate the trafficking crime from an international dimension by focusing on the effects of the Palermo convention in combating the crime.
- To analyse how Jordan is performing in respect to the implementation, and enforcements of the Palermo Convention.
Research Objectives
The following research aims at achieving the following objectives:
- To investigate the international instruments and conventions adopted by UK Government to combat crimes of human trafficking in England, Scotland, and Northern Ireland;
- To point out the extent to which these international conventions and instruments have been aided and implemented in addressing human trafficking issue in the United Kingdom, and Jordan;
- To investigate the various forms of the crime(human trafficking) and determine how it happens in the United Kingdom and gather data on the same;
- To analyze the trends in human trafficking from Jordan to the United Kingdom by looking at the reported conviction rates and the effectiveness of the ratified strategies by the United Kingdom Government.
- To determine how the trafficked humans are protected by the government of United Kingdom, and Jordan as well as the effect of human trafficking on Jordanian emigrant population.
Research Questions
In achieving the objectives and the aims of the research, the study sort to answer the following stated research questions
- What are the international conventions and instruments signed and ratified by the United Nations in order to combat crimes of human trafficking in Jordan?
- To what extent have these international conventions and instruments been effective in addressing crimes of human trafficking in the United Kingdom?
- What are the different forms and nature of human trafficking crimes in Jordan?
- To what extent is the government of Jordan responsible for human trafficking in its territory?
- What are the trends of human trafficking from Jordan to the UK and what is the frequency of the phenomena and How does the human trafficking occur in the UK and are trafficked humans protected by the government of the UK?
Proper and appropriate research methodologies are crucial for any research (Kumar, 2005 p.6).
Human rights discussions have been a global discussion in the past and many countries globally have developed unique strategies to address the issue. International treaties have been one approach to addressing the global vice. The following research paper will, therefore, focus on the Palermo protocol that was formulated by the UN to address the role played by various international treaties and organizations in curbing the vice.
The research study will, therefore, adopt the methodology of briefly discussing the Palermo protocol, its history and role and also the enactment purpose of the protocol. In addition, the protocols attribute to curbing the human right issue will be reviewed.
Since the following research aims to examine and critically examine human trafficking in the case example of Jordan and establish United Kingdom’s role in combating and curbing the crime through the use and approach of the international instruments and conventions, and this is a legal research, legal texts and laws are also analyzed for the research.
The methodology used for the research paper involves a critical review and analysis of scholarly researchers that exist on the topic. International and treaty laws that exist were reviewed through the use of historical resources and also the Palermo convention is examined. The research study involves the study of different national legislations using resources such as the UNODC. The following methodology step was the analysis of case examples from different countries presenting the findings for discussion and further analysis for the comparison and finally examining the effects of the Palermo convention in combating human trafficking crimes in the United Kingdom and in the kingdom of Jordan.
In the research study, secondary data is obtained and used. In the literature review, secondary data is used in obtaining the information on human trafficking. Policies, strategies and the laws on human trafficking crimes were studied by analyses of secondary sources.
A qualitative approach is used for the research where important sources that are secondary are used to extract the information on the topic of the research (Maxwell, 2012 p.21). A quantitative approach was also applicable as data from secondary sources on the trafficking of humans is analyzed.
Research Design
For the research investigated, a research design lays a blueprint and a framework for the data and information gathering. The research design adopted for the following research is the review of literature from acknowledged sources and a case investigated of Jordan human trafficking, an example case in the UK is used.
An exploratory research design is used as human trafficking information is obtained and explored in the literature review section. The descriptive research design was also used in the research as descriptive information is identified by the use of the example of human trafficking case in Jordan.
Since the research will use secondary sources such as books and journals for information the research design is normative and subjective and therefore the findings and the arguments are not based on empirical research design.
Data Collection and Sampling Technique
The research study utilizes secondary data from sources such as journals, articles, and books on the Jordan human trafficking and the government's effort in combating the crime.
In data collection for the research, primary data is also used. This is through analysis of the Palermo conventions and legislation on the human trafficking laws.
Reasoning from the case example, the Jordan human trafficking and the resulting findings that have been reported in the research and also the recommendations made are not a development of new rules or laws.
In sampling technique for the research study, relevant sources are selected for the study and the literature review made from the relevant sources.
Data collection technique
Since the data used for the research is from both primary and secondary sources, various debates, inquiries on human trafficking and previous research reports will be collected for the study. Data is collected from secondary sources such as journals and previous studies.
The research is carried out in Jordan and the UK as the aim is examining the Jordan human trafficking and the United Kingdom's efforts to combat the trafficking through use of international conventions and instruments. As such the Palermo protocol is studied and analyzed.
Data analysis
In analysing data, the data is categorized to concepts and the concepts are explained on how they relate to one another by the connection of the data obtained.
Research Ethics and Considerations
In research, when people are used as participants in the studies, research ethics focuses on the ethical issues that may arise in the research process. Research ethics ensure standards are maintained high when the research involves people for example in collecting data from them. As such ethics ensure the human participants are protected and the research serves the interest of the people and those research activities are well managed for their ethical soundness thus issues like confidentiality and participant's consents are ensured (Resnik, 2015 p.8).
Research ethics, therefore, refers to conducting the research in a morally right concept. Some ethical standards may well fit into a group and fail to in another group and therefore an ethical framework in research ensures ethical behaviours can well be determined by a group.
In the following research study, ethical standards were followed and strictly adhered to. The literature review section and the research in totality ensured no plagiarism from the previous studies and researchers.
Since the research is on sensitive human topic, and human beings are considered in the study, the selected case examples and the countries are well researched in the research paper to ensure sources of the information is well acknowledged and moral standards are well maintained to standards.
Research Goals
The main goal of the following research study is to examine and critically examine human trafficking in the case of Jordan and establish United Kingdom's role in combating and curbing the crime through the use and approach of the international instruments and conventions. The goal is achieved by critically analyzing the existing literature on human trafficking in Jordan and examining the available research papers on the case.
In reference to the main goal, the research will also seek to achieve the following additional goals;
- To examine the existing human trafficking laws in Jordan
- Identify the gaps in the laws, its implementation, consistency, and stability.
- To recommend reforms of the human trafficking laws so as to address the gaps and better address the menace of human trafficking.
Knowledge Contribution
With the main objective and goal of the research being to investigate the Jordan human trafficking phenomena in the UK and the role of the UK government in combating the crime through international conventions and instruments, an in-depth analysis of the phenomena will be conducted by use of existing literature and previous research studies available.
As such, the research paper will address and answer the research questions and finally, the objectives and the aims of the research will be achieved. By the research identifying the gaps that exist in the research literature, more understanding on the gaps that exist on the human trafficking laws will contribute to the knowledge by recommending reforms.
Through the findings of the research and through the wide applicability of the findings, the human trafficking phenomena can better be addressed and better instruments can be adapted to combat the crime not only in Jordan but globally.
Limitation of the study
The study is limited by the complexity and sensitivity of the human trafficking topic.
There are scanty information and data on the actual and the real number of victims of the human trafficking crime and therefore most researchers make their finding from estimates of previous studies (Goodey, 2008 p.16). This is because real victims of the trafficking crime fear taking surveys for they fear victimization (Askola 2005 p.8).
Also, comparing laws from Jordan and the United Kingdom is complex as they both have different legal systems. However, the comparison is made possible by comparing common ant trafficking laws like the Palermo conventions.
Working Plan
Without any doubt, data analysis is the most essential phase in any qualitative project. The data analysis procedure to be adopted by this research paper includes categorization of the data into concepts and connection of the data to demonstrate how a particular concept relates to another. The researcher will also corroborate and evaluate the alternative explanations that have been provided by the participants and then represent the findings. The researcher well follows the chapter’s list bellow
Chapter 1
1.1. Introduction
1.2. History
1.3. Background
1.4 L W the Protocol –The Pait Attached To the Organized Crime Treaty
Chapter 2
2.1 UK Approach to Human Trafficking
2.1.1 A-England
2.1.2 B-Scotland
2.1.3 C-Northern Island
2.2 Definition
2.2.1 Eu Definition –The Frame Work
2.2.2 Conventions on Human Trafficking
Chapter 3
JORDAN
3.1. Introduction- background to the Jordanian
3.2. Legal system- How laws are passed in Jordan
3.3. T H B – (trafficking human body) is it CONCTED to Jordan’s law organized crime definition
Chapter -4
4.1. Overview of Jordan Region
4.2. Jordan External Relations
4.3. EU and the UFM
4.4. Jordan – EU
4.5. Jordan-C O F
4.6. Jordan-OSCE
4.7. Problem with Neighbours of Jordan
Chapter -5
5.1. Victims –For The1r Protection –Jordan vs. UK
Chapter -6
6.1. Compare Chapter - Human Rights
Chapter -7
7.1. Methodology Used In the Research
Chapter -8
8.1. Conclusions
8.2. Findings
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