The focus of this research paper entails determining the manner in which the Coca-Cola Company has been improving its economies of scale. The company is one of the leading manufacturers of beverages and syrups around the globe. Typically, the net present value which the company uses it perceived to be related with the net present value it that is concerned with the manner in which revenue is to be generated.
Consequently, the significance of the payback period which the company will be taking into consideration is mainly expected to ensure that all the costs to be expected lies within the specified period. With regard to the profitability indexes criteria to be used by the company, it means that the internal rate of return methods the company will be using should have the potential of determining what investors will have. Apart from the payback period, some of the methods which the company will be using should take into consideration the time value of the money invested. This then means that the company ought to be operating under non-financial and financial constraints.
Capital Budgeting IntroductionCapital budgeting typically refers to the processes which the management authority of the Coca-Cola Company uses in identifying some of the feasible projects it has. At the same time, there is the need of putting into consideration the non-financial and financial constraints which the company has been experiencing during its trading period. This becomes one of the processes which the company utilizes in discriminating between the investment opportunities it has as well as identifying some of the opportunities which will enable it to increase its economies of scale (Morin & Jarrell, 2000).This means that the capital budgeting the company will be using will entail identifying various projects which will assist its management authorities in maximizing the value of the company which lies within the financial resources which are held within it. Conversely, the essence of this research paper will entail studying as well as analyzing the mechanisms to be used in determining the impacts of capital budgeting in analyzing the manner in which each company behaves in their industry. The failure of the management authority of the company ultimately suggests that the capital budgeting is the one which will assist in determining the uncalculated investing risks which evaluates what the shareholders will receive (Grant, 2003).
AnalysesPayback Period
Considering the annual statement of the Coca-Cola Company over the past four years that have passed, it means that it is easier to evaluate its marketing trends over time as well as across other businesses found in the same industry. Thus, the common size income statement is typically perceived as being the percentage of sales which the company makes which this duration. This statement is tabulated below. Considering the various methods to be used by the management authority of the company, it implies that the payback period will assist them in pursuing a number of projects (Grant, 2003). The importance of these projects is that it will enable the management authority in recovering some of the investment it could have made just within a specified period of time. In case, the company realizes that they have in place some of the profitable
Although some projects may be regarded as being more profitable, it means that the management authority may be reluctant in realizing the intended returns. For example, in case the objective of the Coca-Cola Company takes the initiative of investing more on it day-to-day projects, it implies that the management authority will have the capacity of generating sufficient returns to be used in acquiring new production facilities. Regardless of the fact that the management authority will be able to earn more of the invested funds, the organization should take into consideration the duration it will take. Thus, the time frame of each activity should be perceived as being the one which have the capacity of enabling it company to earn more revenues in case such earnings are to be obtained through the key demerits of the payback period methods (Morin & Jarrell, 2000). But, in case the management authority of the Coca-Cola manages to record an increasing level of returns, the amount it will use in catering for the expenditures made should also be computed.
Net Present Value
Considering the net present value of the Coca-Cola Company over the past four years that have passed, it means that it is easier to evaluate its marketing trends over time as well as across other businesses found in the same industry. Thus, the net present values which the company obtains are typically perceived as being the percentage of sales which the company makes which this duration. This statement is tabulated below
|
2017 |
2016 |
2015 |
Sales |
98% |
100% |
97.00% |
COS (Cost of sales) |
39.87% |
37.32% |
38.90% |
SG&A |
36.33% |
37.44% |
35.94 |
External and internal operating expenses |
2.56% |
1.81% |
0.92% |
Income obtained from other investment activities |
1.76% |
1.32% |
1.67% |
losses |
-2.67% |
1.227% |
0.289% |
Interest income |
0.00% |
0.00% |
0.00% |
Interest expenses |
1.04% |
0.89% |
0.84% |
Tax expenses |
4.48% |
6.12% |
5.67% |
Preferred dividends |
0.00% |
0.00% |
0.00% |
Net of unusual returns |
1.56% |
-0.17% |
0.38% |
Outstanding common shares |
9.54% |
9.36% |
9.14% |
Net present value |
15.43% |
18.79% |
18.44% |
Form the above data; it implies that the net income of the Coca-Cola Company is ultimately used for the purpose of comparing line products across the industry and other associated companies. Each individual item is divided by the sales the company made which that year, which in return gives the percentage of sale made. With that percentage at hand, it implies that it is easier to compare the value of different companies as well as that of differentiated industries. This implies that the common size income statement is typically compared with the net income numbers of the company achieves in each year (Keown et al., 2017).
As shown in the table, the sales of the company had consistently increased over the past 3 years. The net present value had decreased by 15.43% in 2017 from 2016, after an increase of 18.44% in 2016. In 2016, it means that the company had managed to make more sales as compared to the percentage of sales which was obtained in 2015 (18.44%).
From the above table, it implies that the company’s SG&A is comparable to the costs of sales since is based on the extensive product promotions the company makes. The other lines of products are ultimately fairly similar during these years. Conversely, this information indicates that the short-term obligations of the company had increased substantially because of the decline in sales and the extensive competition experienced in the same industry. Such a re-casted income statement suggest that the income generating trend the company have been experiencing indicates how well the management authority have been fairing on well in improving their economies of scale so as to continue thriving in the current beverage market (Morin & Jarrell, 2000). This implies that the more the returns, the better the financial position of the company in generating more returns in the near future. In computing these returns, the company should take into consideration the initial capital outlay made so as to realize its net present values.
The Internal Rate of Return (IRR)
For the past three years that have passed, it implies that the company have been having a reasonable internal rate of return (IRR) which in return enables it obtain enough capital for reinvesting or distributing to its shareholders. Thus, the decline in its internal rate of return can also be said to be brought about the extensive competition it encounters in the industry. Although the company has been having higher equity returns, IRR is a good indicator of how its assets are utilized in improving its financial base. Considering the number of investments which was made by the potential investors, it means that the company had the potential of increasing assets with such an investment (Kensinger & Kensinger, 2017).
This suggests that the revenues that the company generates can be spread out effectively so as to cater for the expenses the company has as well as retaining enough money for investing or paying investors. The importance of the company’s IRR indicates that the management authority is given the opportunity of lowering their prices when the economy worsens. In case, the company managed to obtain a high IRR, it implies that it was possible for the company to accept less revenue but still have the ability of covering all expenses.
Internal rate of return
|
2017 |
2016 |
2015 |
IRR & change |
7.87 |
9.34 |
10.22 |
|
|
|
|
The company’s return on assets is used for the purpose of measuring the manner in which the company has been generating its profits per share dollar of assets which it has. It assists in illustrating how efficiently the management authority utilizes its assets in generating profit. Therefore, high IRR indicates how efficiently the company has been using its assets. This is important because it assists potential investors in determining whether their funds were wisely invested (Keown et al., 2017). Mostly, the assets of the company are made of marketable securities, long-term intangible, and tangible assets which it trades in. Despite that, the marketable securities and cash are not the main trading or income generating securities because they are not invested in anything. Although these numbers can either be down or high, the truth is that the company would be better off without them. This, therefore, indicates that other long-term investment assets are important in evaluating the manner in which the company has been investing its money so as to generate more of it in the long run. The reason as to why the net income that the company has been declining is because the amount of assets required in maintaining its day-to-day operating activities have been rising.
Profitability Index
Considering the profitability indexes of the Coca-Cola Company, it means that such figures are important in evaluating the true day-to-day operating capacity of the company. The reason for that is because incorporates all the sources the company uses in generating revenue, the costs the company incurs, but excluding tax and interest expense (Grant, 2003). The importance of excluding tax and interest expenses is because they are not regarded as operating expenses. Consequently, such indexes are essential in determining the manner in which the company has been using generated revenues in covering its operating expenses (Keown et al., 2017).
Scenario Analysis
In the Coca-Cola Company, it means that it is its financial ratios which have been enabling the management authority to establish sound-decision making strategies. From the above information, it means that the company has been engaging in various innovative products and projects which are all aimed at improving its economies of scale. This means that the organization might have been depending on scenario analyses so as to evaluate the inflow and outflow of cash from the company and with regard o the projects they fund (Bodden, 2009). In order to evaluate the inflow and the outflow of cash, the management authority should take into consideration the payback period, PI, IRR, and the NPV obtained.
Conclusion
The Coca-Cola Company has been having a considerable increase in total revenues for the past three years. The capacity of generating revenue enables it to meet both the short-term and the long-term obligations so as to improve its economies of scale. Considering the IP, NPV, IRR, and it’s payback period, it means that the company’s day-to-day receivables are also impressive. What equally makes it impressive to invest with this company is because the majority of its businesses are conducted overseas. The general increase in assets is also attributed to the equitable utilization of resources as well as the extensive reinvestments which the company makes. Therefore, for investors, it wise to use the stocks of the company in making wise investments.
References
Bodden, V. (2009). The story of Coca-Cola. Mankato, MN: Creative Education.
Keown, A.J, Martin, J.D, & Petty, J. W. (2017). Foundations of Finance. London: Pearson Publishing Co.
Kensinger, J. W., & Kensinger, J. W. (2017). Growing Presence of Real Options in Global Financial Markets. Bingley: Emerald Publishing Limited.
Grant, J. L. (2003). Foundations of Economic Value Added, Second Edition. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.
Morin, R. A., & Jarrell, S. L. (2000). Driving shareholder value: Value-building techniques for creating shareholder value. New York: McGraw-Hill.