Neocolonialism and The New International Division Of Labor, Globalization And Neoliberalism, And Industrial Colonialism
Introduction
Most of the literature on globalization accepts that America and other developed or entrepreneurial nations are major enablers of globalization. In the meantime, despite the non-aligned and communist nations’ historical assertions on internationalism, experts frequently presented underdeveloped nations as submissive victims of globalization and communist nations as self-sufficient hence separated from the rest of the nations all over the world until the 1990s (Bockman, 2015). Both supporters and opponents of globalization likened fiscal globalization with entrepreneurship and particularly neoliberal entrepreneurship.
Capitalist or entrepreneurial growths take place haphazardly- spatially, in sections and temporally thus creating various amounts of industrialization and fluctuating replicas and stages of incorporation into the world’s economy (Bockman, 2015). Since the 1970s, nevertheless, the existence of extensive acknowledgement of basic renovation commonly referred to as globalization. Globalization takes place due to capitalist buildup and growth of capital on a universal scale. This essay will elaborately discuss three growth stages: neocolonialism and new international division of labor, globalization, and neoliberalism and industrial colonialism and the how the growth phases affected first and second world nations. Secondly, the paper will dwell on major features of Rio and its association to metropolitan sections. Thirdly, the essay will explain Freetown, Sierra Leone’s colonial capital city and its entire characteristics and the features of Harare as a capital city and Jakarta Indonesia.
How the three developmental stages impacted urban, both developed and developing nations
In terms of globalization and neoliberal modifications, the two aspects are vital political standards in the contemporary world. The extensive acceptance of capitalism and differentiation between ‘developed nations’ and ‘less developed nations’ dictates political spheres all over the world (Bockman, 2015). Theories associated with globalization have the ability to influence both power and impact governmental, societal and commercial progression in all nations all over the world. It is vital to note that globalization and neoliberal improvements affect both the country and its occupants. In most cases, individuals cannot directly control their own fates hence they are at the mercy of the condition their countries offers.
The World Bank is a powerful institution that loans finances to poverty-stricken nations. Since the late 1990s, World Bank claimed its focus was eradication of poverty and triggering development, among other issues (Gwynne, & Cristobal, 2014). Financing developing nations influenced the acquisition of resources, political stability, and education, which later caused the growth of urban areas in most developing countries all over the world.
Urbanization involves three-dimensional, communal, and time-based elements hence needs a holistic perspective. Such a perspective could, definitely include historical, geographical, demographics, finances, political science, construction and town preparation (Gwynne, & Cristobal, 2014). The interdisciplinary investigation of urbanization merits highlighting due to the fact that past researches carried out with differing guidelines over the past two decades contradict the facts on the ground hence uneven findings which cannot hold water on the long run. People must not complicate ideals of urbanization with transformation, even though to differentiate between transformation and urbanization can be make matters complicated.
Therefore, urbanization and urban arrangement are accurate and spatial terms of communal procedures of urbanization that alters with time (Gwynne, & Cristobal, 2014). Accordingly, experts need to simplify the manner in which researchers perceive, comprehend, and infer the theories of urbanization.
On the other hand, industrialization cannot take place without urbanization. Cities play major role in industrialization. Many historians and economists argue European phenomena triggered Industrial revolution hence the need to couple together industrial revolution with Europe in order to reveal in depth factors (Gwynne, & Cristobal, 2014). All efforts to explore Industrial sectors without factoring the contribution of Europeans may fail. Hence, people need to study industrial revolution based on Europeans aspects. For illustration, examination of industries through national such as America and Canada as an extension of Europe is fruitless.
Throughout the colonial era, majority of the people took part in agriculture activities. More so, expansion of agriculture to some extent caused development tools, which later aided in the construction of industries (Murray, & Overton, 2014). The massive agricultural products directly facilitated development of ships, which later played major part in colonial industrialization.
Key Features of Rio
In terms of locality and geographical disposition, the city has Tijuca Park to its north and mountains, and hills within the bay area. Rio situated in the thin belt of coastal plains amongst a bay and an Ocean (Murray, & Overton, 2014). More so, steep hills cover a vast area of the city and extend to the shores of Guanabara Bay hence insulating the city from extreme weather and ocean waves. In other words, in terms of landscape, the city consists of bodies of water, huge mountains, and natural forests. This geographical variety increases its aesthetic beauty hence endearing it to foreigners and even the locals who are day to day residents of the area. Even though Rio is a metro town, the area most developed areas of the city are near the Tijuca forest, which is one of the largest forest found in any urban setting. The temperature of the city is 22degrees, and it is the capital city of Brazil. The Atlantic Ocean is found on the Southside of the city and on the eastside of the city lies the Guanabara Bay while the western side covered with Sepetiba Bay. More than 17 cities integrate to form the Metropolitan.
Role of Rio
The urbans structures are instantaneously shaped by the size, location of the city and spatial orientation that permits trading of commercial items and service, marketplace and technical data in the city. Rio Urban system depends on classified sets and necessity of trajectories. In fact, the urbanization process in Brazil took off after increment in vitality during the 19th century (Murray, & Overton, 2014). Cities acquired more recognition due to regional organization hence facilitating social equality. One of the major roles is the city is home to millions of people live and earn their living from the city. The city also thrives on its natural aspects, which gives it a unique perspective over the rest of the cities. The importance of the city varies greatly. At the local level, the city has academic institutions, medical institutions and high institutions of learning such as colleges and universities. The ability to meet all basic needs of its people and at the same time provides employment for its people. In addition, the city is a has an effective transportation hub that moves people and goods from one place to another consequently bringing about growth and increased economic activity.
At state level, the city is vital as it host headquarters of most organizations, which set shop in Brazil. For example, mining firms and telecommunication companies. Thus, Rio is a crucial city specializing in manufacturing of clothes in the textile industries, dispensing foods, and drugs (Sadorsky, 2013). In addition, the city helps in conducting university researches and gives people through its numerous research laboratories located all over the city. At the international level, the city hosted Olympics game in the year 2016 and Paralympic games in the year 2014. Tourists from various parts of the world come to Rio to witness are splendor and landscape.
Free Town Administrative Features
It is a simple town with enough resources to sustain residents and enable normal running of businesses by authoritative systems put in place. Freetown is the capital city of Sierra Leone and has a vital harbor on the Atlantic Ocean (Brenner, 2013). Freetown is pivotal for administrative duties, monetary matters, scholastic issues, communication infrastructure, customary and economical elements. Freetown founded in 1787 by British colonialists to cater to the needs of slaves set free from their masters after slave protests in the United States.
Features of Jakarta, Indonesia
Jarkarta is the capital city of Indonesia and keeps and located in the coastal lands of Java along the Ciliwung River (Brenner, 2013). The metropolitan city lies on plain land with swampy land all over the place hence is lacks sufficient clean water. The city has enough resources to cater to the needs of its residents; International companies have their headquarters at the city hence contributing to the gross domestic product of the city.
In summary cities, serve numerous functions such as economic hubs, availing employment opportunities, and health services to the large number of populations in these areas. Metropolitan cities decentralizes duties to other regions and give people an operational yet planned setting through which they can conduct their daily activities be it business or recreational purposes.
References
Bockman, J. (2015). Socialist Globalization against Capitalist Neocolonialism: The Economic Ideas behind the New International Economic Order. Humanity: An International Journal of Human Rights, Humanitarianism, and Development, 6(1), 109-128.
Brenner, N. (2013). Theses on urbanization. Public culture, 25(1 (69)), 85-114.
Gwynne, R. N., & Cristobal, K. A. Y. (2014). Latin America transformed: globalization and modernity. Routledge.
Murray, W. E., & Overton, J. (2014). Geographies of globalization. Routledge.
Sadorsky, P. (2013). Do urbanization and industrialization affect energy intensity in developing countries?. Energy Economics, 37, 52-59.
