- Key Theories of Development/Prenatal and Newborn Development Brochure
- Part 1
- Filling the following table with information regarding the main theories identified in the Key Child Developmental Theories activity.
- Theory
- Approach to research (research design)
- Components of the approach
- Historical milestones of the theory
- Psychosocial Theory
- Longitudinal studies
- The best approach in this theory is to test a number of respondents in order to see whether there are any changes within a certain period
- Theorists embraced learning as long process of learning in life
- Social Learning Theory
- Correlational studies
- The component of approach is that the theory entails dependent variables being acted upon by independent variables
- The theory assisted in establishing a relationship between behaviorist and cognitive theories
- Cognitive-Development Theory
- Cross-sectional studies
- This is where theorists conduct a study on children of different ages at the same time.
- Theorists defined learning as one of the compulsory processes that all children undergo and gain experience through various different stages
- Sociocultural Theory
- Correlational studies
- The theory entails dependent variables being acted upon by independent variables
- Theorists defined children to be more active in their learning process
- PART II
- Selecting one or more theories from the table that most represents my own learning beliefs and styles. Complete one of the following projects based on your chosen theory or theories:
- Provide three examples showing how the theories are practiced in a classroom setting.
- Psychosocial Theory:
- i. One of the examples is that there is a significance evidence of body-centered activities on younger students. However, there are activities that are more abstract for those students who are older in age.
- ii. There is a room for making a change or improvement for children suffering from either emotional or behavioral disability. One of the best strategies employed in class is teaching them at their level of understanding and development. This is mostly based on how they can emotional understand and cope with the provided instructions.
- iii. During class times, teachers manage to teach the younger children by telling them facts. However, teachers usually ask older children to use critical thinking in order to give the difference of facts and opinions in certain issues.
- Design a basic classroom activity based on the theory or theories you selected.
- Considering that psychosocial theory depends much on the body-centered activities in young children, the following is an example of a classroom activity ought to help the young student. Create a task in where the student uses various blocks that vary in their composition. This means that the blocks ought to be different in shape, size and weight. Then request the students to construct a bridge across a river. The river has to be painted on a floor mart. Eventually, the students will be able to discover how to balance the blocks and end-up constructing a balance bridge.
- Design a professional development activity based on one or more of the theories where you explain the importance of using these theories in the classroom to other teachers.
- Basing on the psychosocial theory, a perfect professional development activity to employ is encouraging students to compete in certain practical activities and the winner is rewarded. The activities should be designed according to the age of the students. The younger ones should engage in simple activities like competing to draw various diagrams demonstrated on a blackboard. Reward the students who manage to draw the best diagram and within the shortest time. This activity will assist the students to employ their brainpower and try to come up with the best diagram in order to win the award. Moreover, teachers can be able to assess the students’ ability to observe and employ their brainpower. This activity will assist teachers in assessing the students who need more attention compared to others.
- Part III
- A brief description of the key milestones in prenatal and newborn development
- The period referred to as prenatal holds a significance importance in the life of a child. This period begins when a couple makes a decision of having a baby. The period continues with the development of the unborn child while still in the womb. A parent behavior tends to affect the growing of the infant. The prenatal period ends during the birth of the baby. Some of the significant aspects of the prenatal period include that it begins with a single cell ending as a newborn. The prenatal period can be is divided into three stage. One of these stages is known as germinal period (Bernstein, 2008). This period begins with fertilization. Establishment of pregnancy begins within a period of two months. The other stage is known as the embryonic period (Bernstein, 2008). This period is when physical appearances of the unborn child begin to appear. This stage begins at the middle of the second week. The third and the final stage is the fetal period (Bernstein, 2008). This stage entails the beginning of labor and the birth of the child. Those periods in prenatal stages are measured within a period of three months.
- Tips to support development through the first year
- Encourage communication with the child
- During the first year, the child is able to recognize various issues in the environment and therefore it is advisable for the parent to demonstrate certain communication skills.
- Stimulate child for better growth
- This means that as a parent or guidance, there is a need to identify various issues that help the child to improve the growing behavior. For example, provide certain toys in order to help the child develop his/her brains.
- Reduce common childhood injuries
- This means that there is a need to take care of the child in order not to alter with his/her mental development especially in the first year.
- A paragraph about how parents’ understanding of prenatal and newborn development can help their children succeed in Robert Emit elementary School in Chicago IL
- There is clear evidence that newborn babies completely depends on the assistance of their parents for a successful development. Supporting the newborn during the development stage assists in building the memory of the child. The memory of the child becomes strong when a parent is involved in encouraging various activities that assist in keeping the mind of the newborn active. The brainpower created by the parent extends even during later development of the child meaning there is a high probability of performing well in school. Paying attention to the newborn helps in creating a positive psychological relationship and improving the child’s health. The most significant issue during the prenatal stage is shaping the mental health of the infant. Therefore, observing prenatal care assists in keeping the infants mental health strong (Hopkins & Johnson, 2005).
- Reference
- Bernstein, D. A. (2008). Psychology. Boston, Mass: Houghton Mifflin.
- Hopkins, B., & Johnson, S. P. (2005). Prenatal development of postnatal functions. Westport, Conn. [u.a.: Praeger Publishers.
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