China's One-Child Policy
Though the child policy that was introduced in China had faced a lot of relaxation, it has controlled a huge number of populations. The policy resulted from the social conflict concerning the aptitude of it being closed and isolated by the Chinese economy to make it independent. The policy was introduced in 1979 so as to lessen the social, economic and the environmental predicaments in the China Republic and the one child policy which was referred to a government policy (Howden, David &Yang 354). The policy responded positively in the reduction of the physical condition care services and it also led to the lessening of the congested sanatoriums and gave the parents a chance to bank for their sequestration. The Child strategy was also referred to as the family setting up rule and was introduced to slow down the populace increase and mainly to manage the magnitude of the country’s population. Based on the policy, many couples in China are only allowed to give birth to only one child. More on the birth controls, the rule also pushed the lawful marriage age to 22 years for the males and 2o for the females (Howden, David &Yang 355).
Those parents that did not follow the policy faced the disciplinary and the financial penalties where the birth of the second child also attracted the monetary fine to the couple. The whole extended family with a second child also faced discrimination as they dealt with political instances. Those women who also became pregnant for several months were also forced to abort the child. The Cultural change in the 1966 to 1976 was the actual trial that was meant to revive the besieged economy of China (Howden, David &Yang 357). The era faced an explicit economic failure. This problem increased due to the poor running by the People’s reservoir of China as they abridged the buying authority of the Yuan on the higher rise levels. The policy had its main effect in reducing the population of the country which also minimized the country’s economy. The policy was the cause of the failed central policies of the China’s government. The economy effect comes in through the labor shortages in the country as the country needs more laborers in order to fill the economic space (Howden, David &Yang 368).
Though China has made its increased revolutions on the one child policy, is continuation is not on the federal strategy in the future. This policy is seen to have some future negative and positive results which will bring certain challenges in the country. When the policy was introduced in 1979, the Chinese government created a market reforms program as the country was one home of a quarter of the world’s population. Based on the policy, the Chinese federals had to seek permission to get married and to have children (Nakra &Prema 134). The policy had some regulations that were used to control the Chinese families. The state family planning agency had their targets and policies that were provided at the county levels to establish the family planning implementation strategies. For many years, the country has enforced the policy whereby it put limits to the urban families to have one child while those in the rural areas are allowed to have two under specific conditions. This is controlled by the couples’ financial incomes, access to housing and schooling of the children and the health care (Nakra &Prema 136).
The policy was implemented as a birth control program through political mobilizations and some administrative controls. The policy has been seen to depreciate the economy of China between 1979 and 2010. Due to the country’s flash to modernization, the Chinese government has restored their financial system by breaching invented manufacturing locations to the overseas speculation, private businesses and advancing upper schooling. China has currently become the second largest global wealth with a higher increase speed in every year. The quick growth of the China’s economy and urbanization has continued to grow since then. This is because the country’s urban population has increased. The China’s invented infrastructure, the motivating demographics and growth of market potential has increased the cash flow and products from the multinational firms in the world. The implementation of the policy has benefited the citizens of the country and the business globally. The unplanned results of the policy and in its maintenance has reduces the fact that it is meant in developing and maintain an enduring economized society. Due to the fact that the policy made China become of the most educated society in a quick instance, the economy of the republic developed as they put a lot of money in the education of one child which was easier (Nakra &Prema 138).
The One child policy is likely to negatively affect the free enterprise of China in the later future. This is because the young adults are more able entrepreneurs and with the country having controlled births the entrepreneurship rate will decrease. Young people have low personal capital as their promotion is hindered by their larger legion. Thus in the developing countries and with fewer people, they are less capable of becoming the future entrepreneurs. The main effect of aging based on entrepreneurship can become economically important for the innovation of the economy. This has been a main implication of policy for China where it s still moving on with the one child population policy. The effect of aging on the Chinese entrepreneurship will create a mature economy where it will also depend on the innovation to partner with other grown economies (Liang &James 85).
The effect of the young size on the country’s entrepreneurship is huge due to the country’s changing from an economy replace rate. This will have an effect on China as the country’s growth rate is lesser than that of other countries and its aging construction getting bigger than that of others in later years. This will lead to the effect of the aging of the Chinese economy rate. This will be caused by their reduced supply of labor that will make the country more demographic extra meaning that the labor supply based on the total population of the country will start to lower. This will have a negative effect on the productivity and the retirement pensions though these negativities can be alleviated by increasing the retirement age. The increase of the retirement age will increase the supply of labor thus reducing the old age support. Therefore, the economy of China will depend on the entrepreneurship and the innovations where if the policy is cancelled today, the more children born will become the future entrepreneurs and innovators of China. Due to lack of future entrepreneurs, the Chinese economy will have to face some risks in the near future such as the tax filings which will have negative impacts and face a halt in the economy development as faced by Japan (Liang &James 92).
The China’s one Child policy continues to form and cause disagreements and misinformation. These challenges have also developed several myths such as the fact that Zedong opposed the efforts to limit the China’s growing population this is because the China’s population increased even after his death. The establishment of the policy led to the lessening to the China’s fertility thus preventing million births. The level of fertility decreased after the establishment of the policy leading to decline in births which can be accredited to the growth of the China’s economy and not coercive of the birth limits. Though China has a huge population which multiplies within a short time, the country is able to find a solution which is the production solution. The country is known to have the largest population thus it would be better if they minimize the number of births. On the myth based on Mao, he did not encourage more birth rates but promoted a program of birth control (Whyte et al 145).
Despite the myths by Mao on the fact that the ancient believes that there was a large growing population which was not the main problem in China, but he was still one in charge of the dramatic shift from the permanent birth controls. The economy of China grew due to the population control. The higher birth rates increased cause lack of employment opportunities and poor living. The birth control programs were based on the government and were not voluntary; it was done through campaigns so as to meet the federal government birth control targets. China would have gotten a more progressed economy in lowering the fertility rates with the version of one child policy which was an option that would reduce the human suffering. Despite the coercive strength of the control campaign that was implemented by the government, there has been a rapid economic growth since the 1980’s which needs some credit as the number of births nave been reduced due to the country decline in the fertility rate. If the republic will follow these myths, the truth fact is that the growth rate of China will drop and the economy will not control itself (Whyte, Martin King, Wang Feng, and Yong, King, Feng & Yong 156).
There has been a research on the consequence of one child policy on the aged people in China. The research showed that many parents from the one child families are in fear of being abandoned by their children at their old age. Some of the elderly people prefer living in the care institutions though it has been restricted. As the population of China ages, there has been an amplified call for expanding the services and the options to the customary mode for the rural elderly. The effect on the economy comes in when the China government uses a lot of their finances taking care of the elderly in the institutions. In the previous generations, the eldest children in the family would take care of their elderly parents. After the implementation of one child policy; one child would be responsible of taking care of six old people in addition to their families (Gustafson, Kiira & Huang 25).
This shows that the China’s government mainly focused on the finances which were needed on the family level. Some smaller families had a lot of savings as they provided for smaller number children thus one kid family spent a small amount of their revenue. Despite there being many limitations on the one kid policy, there has been a focus on how the next generation of the elderly people would be given the rural pensions, the medical and their savings which is seen to diminish the economy. The country will therefore use a lot of their finances in building care institutions while there will be the need of expanded services of the elderly in the rural China. When the children that will be born out of the new policy enter the work force, the Chinese economy will have the income effects of the policy revolution as the ratio of the retirees to the working aged people become more unbiased bringing less pressure to the staff taking care of the elderly people (Gustafson, Kiira & Huang 35).
Works Cited
Gustafson, Kiira, and Huang Baofeng. "Elderly Care And The One-Child Policy: Concerns, Expectations And Preparations For Elderly Life In A Rural Chinese Township." Journal Of Cross-Cultural Gerontology 29.1 (2014): 25-36. Academic Search Premier. Web. 11 Nov. 2016.
Howden, David, and Yang Zhou. "China's One-Child Policy: Some Unintended Consequences." Economic Affairs 34.3 (2014): 353-369. Business Source Complete. Web. 10 Nov. 2016.
Liang, James. "Will One Child Policy Reduce Entrepreneurship In China?." China Economic Journal 5.2/3 (2012): 85-95. Business Source Complete. Web. 10 Nov. 2016.
Nakra, Prema. "China's "One-Child" Policy: The Time For Change Is Now!." World Future Review (World Future Society) 4.2 (2012): 134-140. Academic Search Premier. Web. 10 Nov. 2016.
Whyte, Martin King, Wang Feng, and Yong Cai. "Challenging myths about China’s one-child policy." China Journal 74 (2015): 144-159.
