Short answer
- Describe the term bureaucracy.
Bureaucracy is a governmental system where state officials join hands in performing tasks.
- Fesler and Kettl best described the American Federal system as:
- A government with different political units, division of power and different services
- Marble cake where different government levels make decisions
- A government where public services are directly delivered (Kettl, 2015).
- What are the three different staff roles in an organization?
- Counseling role
- The service role
- The control role
- What are the four major theories of administrative reform?
- Classical Public Administration theory
- New Public Management theory
- Postmodern Public Administration theory
- Organizational theory (Kettl, 2015)
- Identify three concepts of civil service in the United States.
- Employment by agency
- Pay systems
- Federal agencies
- What is the purpose of the Hatch Act?
Hatch Act is a federal legislation which was passed in 1939 for the purpose of prohibiting local, federal, state and District of Columbia employees from being involved in partisan political activate (Kettl, 2015).
- What does bureaucratic responsibility entail?
- Implementation of laws and policies
- Regulation of governmental activities
- Administration of governmental operation
- When an organization is said to have a hierarchical structure what is meant by that?
It means that the organization has multiple levels and all level except the top authority is above the other.
- What the three types of authority found in a “bureaucratic” model?
- Charismatic authority
- Legal authority
- Traditional authority
- What are the four stages of administrative development?
- Imported bureaucracy
- Nationalization of bureaucracy
- Inflated bureaucracy
- Administration reform
- Identify four non-budgetary functions of the Office of Management and Budget.
- Collaboration
- Transparency
- Participation
- Flagship Initiative
- The Office of Personnel has identified five standards for building human capital. Name them.
- E-government
- Budget Performance Integration
- Human capital
- Improved Financial Performance
- Competitive Sourcing
- Identify the four approaches to decision making.
- Autocratic
- Participatory
- Consensus
- Democratic
- What is the difference between the deficit and debt?
The difference between receipts (governmental money from taxes, revenue etc) and outlays (money spent) is called deficit. Debt is the amount of money borrowed by the government in order to pay bill (Kettl, 2015).
- What political choices do budgets embody?
- Values-which programs needs fund
- Institutions- evaluation of federal government branches
- What are the two primary grant programs?
- Research grant
- Program project
- What’s a mandate?
A mandate is an authorization provided by a constituency to its representatives.
- How does Congress create the organizational structure by which bureaucrats work?
Congress creates its structure through the president and the congress. It also involves the bureaucracy which is the regulatory commission, cabinet department, corporations of the government and agencies (Kettl, 2015).
- What the types of oversight performed by Congress?
- Monitoring
- Supervision
- Review
- Policy implementation
- Identify the five paradigms of public administration and periods they cover.
- The politics/Administration Dichotomy, 1900-1926
- The Principles of Administration, 1927-1937
- Public Administration as Political Science, 1950-1970
- Public Administration as Administrative Science, 1956-1970
- Public administration As Public Administration, 1970 (Kettl, 2015).
Essay
- Explain the various ways a public organization is different from a private organization.
Public organization is under governmental operation. It requires various formal processes in order to carry its operations effectively. It plays a significant role in serving the citizens. The organization get money from public revenue and workers enjoy benefits such as allowances, jobs security, perquisites and more (Kettl, 2015). Other difference occurs in decision-making process where public organization values conflict since it is an indication that stakeholders are fully participating. Other point is that managers in public organizations show accountability in organization operations (Kettl, 2015).
- What are three purposes of oversight for members of Congress?
- Monitoring: through monitoring, congressional insight promotes governmental accountability in serving the citizens. Public officials are able to fix mistakes and prevent bad decisions (Kettl, 2015).
- Reviewing: Both House and Senate reviews the progress in executive branch.
- Supervision: Supervision and reviewing goes hand-in-hand and the result helps in addressing problems and implementing necessary improvements (Kettl, 2015).
- Why does government regulation exist?
Government regulations exist for the purpose of monitoring and providing rights and responsibilities. In addition, government uses regulation to control the business behaviors and provide beneficial directions. It is there to provide policy statements and prevent adverse effects which may occur. Other point is that regulation exists to control the market failures, collective desires, diverse experiences, irreversibility and social subordination (Kettl, 2015).
- What are three common budgeting features shared among state and local governments?
Both local and state government ensures that there is a budget balance. They holds a similar idea that there should not rely on long-term borrowing. Next, both operate on operating and capital budgets. Other point is that both follow the ideology that if new budget in new fiscal years is not passed, then the operations must terminated (Kettl, 2015).
- Define the concept of “comparable worth” and explain why some critics find it necessary.
‘Comparable worth’ is the ideology that there should be equality between both men and women as long as both have the same comparable skills and are given similar responsibilities(Kettl, 2015). Some critics value the comparable worth and assert that it plays a significant role in maintaining fairness in payment. In addition, it removes the gender gap which is brought by discrimination and ensures equality and provision of human rights (Kettl, 2015).
- What are the different types of staff roles?
- Counseling role
- The service role
- The control role
- What are the benefits and weaknesses of e-government?
On side of benefits, e-government plays a significant role in providing citizens with public services in an effective manner. In addition, it provides public with transparency by informing them about the government polices as well as planned operations. It has brought the knowledge era where society is able to reach the mobile connections (Kettl, 2015).It has also improved the correct system by saving time and money. On the weakness side, e-government has no equality in providing public services. In addition, it is associated with hyper-surveillance and this occurs when citizens and government interacts hence causing lack of privacy. Other point is that the trail internet becomes unsatisfactory to the government (Kettl, 2015).
- Why iron triangles are dangerous to government (make sure your answer defines iron triangles)?
- Bureaucracy-this is dangerous to the government because it slows the government achievements since a lot of time is spent in making decision. In addition, it results to inefficiency in that civil servants are demoralized in the bureaucracy (Kettl, 2015).
- Congress- This becomes a danger to the government due to the separation of power which results to legislative inaction. This brings adverse effects as the government is able to react to the dramatic crises which need decisive action.
- Interest Group- Interest group is dangerous to government since their perceptions in political arena focuses on minority only and these results to conflicting interest. As a result of lobbying, they bring criminal activities such as bribery, fraud and corruption (Kettl, 2015).
Reference
Kettl F. Donald (2015). Politics of the Administrative Process.Sixth Edition. Library of Ciongress Ctaloging-in-POublication Data
