REVOLUTIONARY AND COUNTER-REVOLUTIONARY TERRORISM 4

Abstract

This paper has looked into the causes of revolutionary and counter-revolutionary terrorism, its effects on the political, social and economic spheres. It has also looked at the impacts of revolutionary and counter-revolutionary terrorism.

Introduction

To bring social change, enhance implementation of ideologies and ethnic identification is some of the reasons for revolutionary terrorism. In the late 19th century and early 20th-century terrorism existed so that it can overthrow governments and gain political power and bring about change in the society. Revolutionary terrorism is usually seen from the bottom to up perspective. It is sometimes sponsored by foreign countries.an example of revolutionary terrorism is the first-century war which the Jewish Sicarii started against the Roman Empire due to Judea. Revolutionary terrorism occurs when other common options of law fail and the military is not capable of victory. In revolutionary terrorism, if one cannot defeat a superior enemy, one turns to guerilla warfare until results yields. Guerilla warfare tack ticks usually cause harm to civilians. This brings fear which can then be used to push for the desired change () On the other hand counter-revolutionary terrorism tends to reverse the works of another previous revolution. Counter-revolution terrorism can be either positive or negative which entirely depends on who they are against and the outcome of their revolution. In summary, counter revolution's purpose is to disseminate the revolution together with its ideologies (Aishankar, 2009).

When the people in power fail to bring about change in the manner in which property is distributed it causes tension which brings about revolutionary and counter-revolutionary terrorism. One of the main causes of revolutionary terrorism and counter-revolutionary terrorism is the desire to achieve freedom and liberty by any means possible even if it means violence to the civilians. A good example is a struggle for freedom from the British by the Indians. Revolution was violent and a lot of lives were lost. Another cause of revolutionary terrorism is due to social inequality. The poor work hard and pay taxes and have little or no money left to fend for themselves. This causes them to incur debt thus increasing poverty. Meanwhile, the leaders and the nobles are exempted from paying taxes. The government keeps on imposing heavy taxes on the poor and normal wage earners. Thus making their situation to worsen. A good example of this is seen in France in the 1780s where the peasants were angry with the nobles and the government, this caused revolutionary terrorism due to the resentment .another factor that can cause revolutionary terrorism and counter terrorism is the difference in ideas which may cause a group of individuals to demand for their rights hence leading to revolutionary terrorism. Examples of such revolutionary terrorism are the Germany Red Army faction and the Italian Red brigades. The economy can be a cause of an uprising of the revolutionary terrorism and the counter-revolutionary terrorism. When market prices of essential goods such as food are not regulated (Draper,1977).

The impacts of revolutionary and counter-revolutionary terrorism can be felt politically, socially and economically. One of the effects is that different styles leadership are put to test. The one which will suite the people best will be retained. For example during the French revolution, the aristocracy was overthrown and people chose a new democratic leadership style. In the society, more freedom can be experienced when a dictatorial regime is toppled. This enhances peoples' rights to opinion and other human rights. Also, revolutionary and counter-revolutionary terrorism can bring about equality of human rights to both men and women. In America, women were able to get an education and a right to vote. Both revolutionary and counter-revolutionary terrorism have been recorded to have used extreme violence which leads to loss of life and property. It also breeds a dismal performing economy. It affects the tourism sector as they both destabilize the country. Instability negatively affects manufacturing and production of goods. These consequentially bring about high rates of unemployment and a slow economic growth. The effects are famine, inflation, and starvation due to the political environment created by the revolutionary and counter-revolutionary terrorism. This is best exemplified by Egypt's revolutionary terrorism in the year 2011 where tourism was adversely affected. The other effect of revolutionary and counter-revolutionary terrorism is that it exiles dictatorial leaders who take refuge in other countries for fear of facing jail time or a death sentence. Loss of life is one of the effects of revolutionary and counter-revolutionary terrorism. Civilians are major victims who are usually caught in the crossfire and they end up losing their lives and properties. This leaves a lot of families without fathers or mothers. Children are forced to fend for themselves, in the long run, missing out on education which is a vital tool in the development of a country. Loss of lives also destroys the fabric upon which the country is built on as people are needed for labor and economic development of a country. Loss of lives usually inflicts fear to the survivors who watched the atrocities that were inflicted upon their fellow countrymen (Wahnich,2012).

 In conclusion, revolutionary and counter-revolutionary can be avoided through the leaders playing their role according to the law and delivering service to the people. The leadership should strike a balance and have equal representation of both poor and rich so that their respective needs can be understood and concerns marched.in summary, revolutionary and counter-revolutionary terrorism must be avoided at any cost as it leads to loss of lives and property. Differences in an idea can be heard in a peacefully tolerated manner (White,2017).

 

 

.

References

 

 

 

 

Aishankar, K. (2009). International perspectives on crime and justice. Newcastle: Cambridge Scholars.

Draper, H. (1977). Karl Marx's theory of revolution: 1, 2. New York u.a: Monthly Review Press.

Wahnich, S. (2012). In defense of the terror: Liberty or death in the French Revolution. London: Verso.

White, J. R. (2017). Terrorism and homeland security. Cengage Learning.