Mass incarceration in US
Abstract
This research paper contains a set of pages on the negative effects and problems associated with mass incarceration in the U.S. Main focus on this papers is the U.S style form on mass incarceration that involve punitive isolation of many deprived minority. It is argued that incarceration has turn out to be a middle society for the community of minority. It has checked cost of imprisonment on different aspect in life. In other words, it finds out how to determine the historic growth rate in prison inhabitants over the past decades has affected incarcerated, mental and physical health status and their families in the society. The research contains five pages that cover the following sub-headings: the introduction of mass incarceration, how children whose parents are incarcerated are negatively affected, the spread of HIV/AIDS on the incarcerated and ways on how mass incarceration can be solved.
Introduction
Incarceration is the state of being confined in prison. It is the main form of chastisement and rehabilitation for the commission of felony and other offences. In the world, the main penal complex populace and the maximum per person imprisoned. Incarceration is painful and can’t be viewed as being partial to the loss of objective freedom. It brings removal of choice such as the need for conjugal rights, segregation from liberated society, access of assets.
Children experience all sorts of things as they grow up and their well-being get influenced (Hoghughi, & Long 2004). The incarcerated individuals are parents who have kids left out suffering in the pity less society. There is a change that comes to families when someone goes to prison. In most cases, a child becomes the host of this changes becoming negatively affected when their parents are incarcerated. In the last 25 years, incarceration has emerged like a prime power in the redefinition of paternity (Arditti, 2014). Parenthood is a life-varying condition and skill that obviously involves focusing on offspring and their growth. Although parents are stimulus concerned for their children security, preventing hardship and promoting their growth, the act of incarceration prevents the parents from fulfilling their duties.
Economic instability also can have effects at the aggregate level, meaning that they matter not just for kids who personally acknowledge the incarceration of a close relative but also for other children growing up during the same uncertain times (Wakefield & Wildeman, 2014). The influence of parental situation on the lives of offspring is obvious not only in differences between labor associates but also in ancient ethnic disparity in physical condition, education and occupation achievement and happiness. This demonstrates that, accounting for paternal incarceration represents a significant advance in explaining the racial gaps in childhood well-being. They also have implications not only for individual children but also for inequality among them.
The imprisonment affects children and lives them homeless, an event we would all hope to have our children avoid (Wakefield & Wildeman, 2014). A homeless child has durable negative consequences, meaning that its effects spill over into adulthood. This children experience high rate of victimization and exposure to infectious disease and have limited access to health care making them compromise later health. Mental problems also occur to the children suffering from incarcerated parents making them struggle to keep up with their school work.
The catastrophe of health care behind bars particularly among the mass incarceration of the poor and uninsured people with HIV/AIDS, hepatitis C and other constant and contagious diseases that can be hazardous if stay untreated, has given rise in the United States to what might be called disastrous punishing institutions. The overcrowding of the prisoners in jail with soaring rates of AIDS set in motion a deadly chaos behind bars (Crowder & Steiner, 2008). In most prisons and jails prisoners nearly suffered from multiple maladies, often a consequence of a long-neglected viral infection. The incarcerated rarely received a comprehensive approach to their medical care; furthermore, all HIV/AIDS infected prisoners were being isolated from others and taken to stay in poor infrastructures. The analysis of a failed system of health care especially for prisoners with HIV/AIDS at Limestone prison contributes a broader understanding of penal conditions in an increasingly punitive age (Crowder & Steiner, 2008). This analysis demonstrates how at the institution level of health care delivery, overcrowding and hash living condition have led to the veritable dehumanization of sizable populations confined in the jails and prisons all across the United States. This should give pause to all those concerned with crime and punishment, irrespective of political ideology.
Mass incarceration being the greatest civil rights injustice in the United States, the government has to re-think on how the prison can be used as a hasty sentence greater part of crime (Alexander, 2012). The wrong fairness scheme drives reinforce deep-rooted cultural discrimination. Way on finding solution to the increased mass incarceration in the United States, writers have called for reduction on expenditure of incarceration and at the same time option on how spending of government funding developments has to be viewed. Politically legislature should start reversing growth of jails to protect community security while eliminating urgent troubles of physical condition, schooling and failing country budget (Jacobson, 2005). The replacement of possessions from correction to other part of the scandalous injustice system and to other parts of administration is the easiest way to emulate the prison problem. Consequently, affecting national incarceration rates would involve the difficult task of changing most states diverse prison and related policies.
Government management that governs the prisons should put hand in making sure that the elimination of lower level crimes is done in order to lessen the level imprisonment (Alexander, 2012). When someone breaks the low, prison should not be the default criminal justice sanction. The law makers and assembly should modify sentence law to build alternative to jail defaulting fine for definite recessed wrongs, like pedaling and minor robbery. State and central legislature are supposed to lessen least and most sentence strategy and build which are more relative to the committed crime. Punishment should occur to those who commit crimes like stealing instead of taking them to prison. In fact investigation shows that, long term imprisonment do not lead to lesser recidivism. Occasionally, longer stay can even enhance recidivism (Jacobson, 2005). The in charge management should reduce time taken in jail for those who did petty mistakes in the society this will trim down the number of incarcerated prisoners. On the matter of health care control in the prisons of the United States it is seen becoming hectic to treat the situation. People have come on board to find solutions to this situation of isolated programs of taking care of the diseased in the prisons. This can be pinned out when we look at the systems in the Limestone prison where they have doom known as “doom 16”. This doom is said that is segregated for HIV infected individuals (Crowder & Steiner, 2008). In this doom, it is said that patients have no space of movement for rooms are densely occupied. The state of this doom contributes a lot in the spread of other diseases since it is dirty and this makes it become a habitat for dangerous insects that spread diseases when they bite one person to another. For this reason infectious diseases multiply like wildfire through a populace of organic and badly managed environment. This can be fascinating description on physical condition. Catastrophe for the concealed jail competence links are abandoned and forgotten. Recurring fatalities which covers unobstructed outlook in the United States gives this personnel and non-governmental organization ways to treat this situation.
Conclusion
The rise in incarceration rate of U.S. has become a big brow to many both those who commit crime and those who govern the prisons at large. Many researchers have come up with ways to bring these issues on bond and find ways to eradicate the problem. The unparalleled increase in imprisonment rates can be credited to rising disciplinary political ambiance nearby criminal justice rule shaped in era of increasing offense and fast communal alter. It will provide the background for a sequence of strategy choice in all areas and level of administration that considerably increase verdict length, requisite jail period for small offense, and intensify penalty for drug dealers. Government should come up with strategies to help those negatively affected by the incarceration, such as children who are left behind when parents are incarcerated. Also those who are living with diseases such HIV/AIDS should be given an intensive care to prevent transmission of the virus.
References
Alexander, M., & West, C. (2012). The new Jim Crow: Mass incarceration in the age of colorblindness. New York: New Press, [Jackson, Tennessee]: Perseus Distribution. Retrieved from, http://www.worldcat.org/title/new-jim-crow-mass-incarceration-in-the- age-of-colorblindness/oclc/1015535273.
Arditti, J. A. (2014). Parental incarceration and the family - psychological and social effects of. New York University Press.
Fleury-Steiner, B., & Crowder, C. (2008). Dying inside: The HIV/AIDS ward at Limestone prison. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. Retrieved from, http://www.worldcat.org/title/dying-inside-the-hivaids-ward-at-limestone- prison/oclc/1022746776.
Hoghughi, M., Long, N., Sage Publications., & Sage eReference (Online service). (2004). Handbook of parenting: Theory and research for practice. London: Sage Publications.
Jacobson, M. (2005). Downsizing prisons: How to reduce crime and end mass incarceration. New York and London: New York University Press.
Wakefield, S., & Wildeman, C. J. (2014). Children of the prison boom: Mass incarceration and the future of American inequality. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
