Infectious diseases
HIV/AIDS and STD Updates. (2010). AIDS Patient Care & STDs, 24(3), 201-202. doi:10.1089/apc.2010.9908
According to HIV/AIDS and STD information, there is tension of HIV amid men who have sex with women. This means that HIV RNA depicts a form determining plasma that spreads. By reviewing the viral chain removed from blood and semen of HIV-conveying associates, the authors anticipated the dates of source and the foundation of altering HIV. HIV-infected persons are at a higher risk of AIDS-defining or virus related diseases. By comparing the genetic features, the authors reviewed males who had sexually conveyed illnesses.
The authors have proofed the infectious disease is determined by HIV ribonucleic acid that is conveyed on sex. The stressed on the prevention policies developed and that focuses on HIV in the influential plasma. The prevention strategies included vaccines, vaginal microbicides and the antiviral drugs. They concluded that HIV ribonucleic acid in the influential plasma is the cause behind the sexual spread of the disease from males to females.
Yoshikazu, I., Takeshi, K., Gretchen, P., Futoshi, H., Hideaki, M., & Jiro, F. (2016). Comparative epidemiology of influenza A and B viral infection in a subtropical region: a 7-year surveillance in Okinawa, Japan. BMC Infectious Diseases, 161-8. doi: 10.1186/s12879-016-1978-0
According to the authors, the outbreak of the virus B illness and their connection with the average temperature environment are not implicit. The review of the infectious disease is important for the clarification of the transmission ways in both the moderate and hot areas. Using review done for almost 7 years in the subtropical Japanese region, the article aims to distinguish the outbreak outlines of cold B disease and its connection with common warmth and moderate damp. The global review of the disease concluded that the influenza signs incorporated the time allotment of the pretentious persons. To review the connection between the disease and the restricted weather circumstances, common warmth and moderate moisture during the survey time shows how the disease spread during the weather conditions. As a result, while cold A sustained an elevated figure of disease from December to March, the spread of cold B disease increased from March to January.
This infectious disease mainly affects the school-aged children. The authors claim that relative moisture increases the level of cold B disease. There is a further need for review on the subtropical regions to verify the outcomes and increase the comprehension of the researchers regarding the distribution of cold B.
Murugaiah, C. (2011). The burden of cholera. Critical Reviews In Microbiology, 37(4), 337-348. doi:10.3109/1040841X.2011.603288
According to the author, Cholera is a sensitive dysentery illness that WHO suspects to be an extremely infectious risk. An Italian doctor said that the disease gains a status and discovered the disease as the most dreadful outbreak diarrheal sickness met in the emergent nations. According to the author, despite the WHO taking efforts to reduce the spread rates, cholera widespread exist in assured areas. The features that donate to the communication and spread of the infectious disease in cholera-prone areas remain mysterious. Developed Increase in awareness and knowledge of the disease helps the residents of the prone area to receive benefits. This article by Murugaiah gives imminent into the occurrence of the disease, epidemiology, transmission of the disease and policies used to control cholera.
As the disease spreads globally, its control is important in achieving the developmental goals. Developing plans for increasing distribution review in reviewing the regions at maximum danger of the disease and the use of control programs in the areas are essential ways that controls the disease. The knowledge of the disease increase new strategic ways for fighting the disease against humankind.
Araujo Navas, A. L., Hamm, N. S., Soares Magalhães, R. J., & Stein, A. (2016). Mapping Soil Transmitted Helminthes and Schistosomiasis under Uncertainty: A Systematic Review and Critical Appraisal of Evidence. Plos Neglected Tropical Diseases, 10(12), 1-28. doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0005208
Spatial modeling of Soil Transmitted Helminthes and schistosomiasis spread is currently common. Spatial distribution review helps enlighten the approach based on the figure of citizens at danger as well as the ecological regions that need a huge soil drug administration. According to the authors, soil-transmitted helminth infections have increased. The article aims in spotting the liabilities and propose a framework for evaluation and study. It aims in identifying the gaps in awareness in relation to how existing studies addresses the spatial modeling of helminth infections. Therefore, the authors conclude that giving more attention to mapping and interpretation of uncertainty based on modeling helps.
To recognize communities at risk, indirect meters of morbidity such as occurrence of infection and intensity of the infection reviews through surveying at risk populations. Risk prone communities can be classified into disease prevalence classes; low, moderate and high classes. An approach that identifies the communities at risk is the study of the role of the environment to feature potential habitation of parasites and transitional hosts and the awareness of the environmental science and epidemiology of infections.
Hector, R. F., & Laniado-Laborin, R. (2005). Coccidioidomycosis-- A Fungal Disease of the Americas. Plos Medicine, 2(1), 15-18. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.0020002
A year is gone since Coccidioidomycosis proofed as a critical disease. The disease persists being a mystery to several and it goes unidentified even in common regions. Control of the illness is a problem and thus there is a need of innovated curative potions. This infectious disease is common in the Western. Its fungus develops in mycelia stages in the soil within an organically displayed area in America. The areas prone to the disease are the semiarid areas in Mexico. According to the authors, when the soil gets dry and limits the nutrients, the yeast generates asexually by producing threadlike filaments into small environmental resistance spores produced by the cleavage of preexisting fungal hyphae.
They suspends in air by either wind or human activities. In addition, the breathing in of the dust-borne fungal spore leads to the infection of the disease in both humans and animals. After breathing in, the fungus changes to a certain life cycle of changing spheres and determinant offspring, that includes the parasitic phase of dimorphic fungus. The authors claim that the disease is not contagious but the main exposure of the infected dirt is the central danger for the illness infection.
Takahashi-Omoe, H., & Omoe, K. (2012). Social Environment and Control Status of Companion Animal-Borne Zoonoses in Japan. Animals (2076-2615), 2(1), 38-54. doi:10.3390/ani2010038
According to the author, the hazard of friendly animal-borne infections is increasing in Japan with a developing digit of growing varieties of natural world. In reaction to this, the government of Japan has developed policies for the home and boundary management of the disease. It is not possible to decide if these policies have prohibited the communication of the disease. This is because there have been deficiency of direct proof connecting the animal engagement in the disease and lack of awareness on the current rules in disease outbreak.
Omoe stresses that the adjustments of the communal and ecological features are the main causes of rise in the number of beast transported to Japan. These factors connected with the high population increase in Japan and the little registration of dogs has amplified the danger of infection of beast to person disease. For the control of the outbreak, the Japanese government has developed ways such as reviewing and reporting the outbreak of the disease to the Rabies Control Law. These policies have been effective in preventing the rabies transmission.
Zoleko Manego, R., Mombo-Ngoma, G., Witte, M., Held, J., Gmeiner, M., Gebru, T., & ... Manego, R. Z. (2017). Demography, maternal health and the epidemiology of malaria and other major infectious diseases in the rural department Tsamba-Magotsi, Ngounie Province, in central African Gabon. BMC Public Health, 17(1), 1-7. doi:10.1186/s12889-017-4045-x
According to the authors, the Sub-Saharan area in Africa is having increased disease transition from prevalence infectious disease to non-transmittable life-related status. The level of the transmission of the disease is unequal between the rural and urban populations. The authors conducted their research in local hospitals where the parasitic infection affects the pregnant women causing malaria.
The authors claim that malaria is perennial with a little rate in its transmission throughout the arid periods and the maximum spread throughout the wet periods. The spread of the infectious disease bothers the African citizens by putting a burden to the infectious disease as malaria has increased in the tropical areas. They suggested that the local populations given clinical research projects considering malaria and other diseases, and this would help develop the economic contribution to the people.
Štaudová, B., Strouhal, M., Zobaníková, M., Čejková, D., Fulton, L. L., Chen, L., & ... Šmajs, D. (2014). Whole Genome Sequence of the Treponema pallidum subs. endemic Strain Bosnia A: The Genome Is Related to Yaws Treponemes but Contains Few Loci Similar to Syphilis Treponemes. Plos Neglected Tropical Diseases, 8(11), 1-13. doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0003261
The authors show that virus genes and breed that force human microorganisms and animal rooting illnesses are different according to clinical reviews. The transmission of STDs increases disease featured by humans. The article explains the diagnosis of STDs because there is complete medical resemblance amid the signs of syphilis and the widespread epidemiology infection that acts a main function in defining the analysis. Diagnosis of Widespread syphilis is all over Europe though not yet proved if the syphilis bacterium causes the infection. Clinical signs of syphilis and bejel are and the infection approach is significant to review the two diseases. In contrast, syphilis and TEN infections spread directly through contaminated tools rather than through sexual contact.
The authors conclude that the DNA set of TEN Bosnia A has several chains that are exclusive to TPA damages. These chains show the remains of the recombination events during the development of bacterium TEN.
Eliminate Yellow fever Epidemics (EYE): a global strategy, 2017-2026. (2017). Weekly Epidemiological Record, 92(16), 193-204.
According to the author, Yellow fever is a widespread disease of humans that mosquito and other similar species transmit. The disease occurs mostly in the African hot areas. Vaccinations prevent yellow fever, as a single dose vaccine is enough for a future protection. The article stresses that vaccination has been the main prevention for the disease and continues to be the focus of the control programs. While the widespread of Yellow fever in ancient times has never developed, areas with tropical climate would give effective conditions for the species causing the disease. Approached within the Yellow fever disease differentiate in kind and the spread or on the countries probability of experience with the disease and the connected risks.
The author concludes that in order to recognize the risk prone areas of the disease, there are developed approaches categorized according to the countries’ experiencing Yellow fever outbreaks without any control. Based on the article, EYE policy controls the global action and helps the countries at risk prevent the outbreak and manage the occurring ones. This diminishes the damages and has a quick response approach.
Sumner, T., Orton, R. J., Green, D. M., Kao, R. R., & Gubbins, S. (2017). Quantifying the roles of host movement and vector dispersal in the transmission of vector-borne diseases of livestock. PLoS Computational Biology, 13(4), 1-22. doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005470
According to the authors, the role of the mass movement in the outbreak of vector-borne disease of animals increases. The article gives an approach that allows us differentiate and enumerate the roles of the bacterium increase and livestock movement and their transmission in the farms. This approach concludes that In Great Britain infections increase the disease and has currently developed in northern Europe. The difference between the causes of the disease is because of higher bacteria competence and shorter time of SBV virus compared with BTV. The authors say that these two viruses show that the secondary infections in any infected farm are greater than one for the organism dispersal. The article shows that the impact of controlling the animal movements due to the spread of the viruses depend on the hypothesis made on the distance in which the organism spread appears.
References
Araujo Navas, A. L., Hamm, N. S., Soares Magalhães, R. J., & Stein, A. (2016). Mapping Soil Transmitted Helminthes and Schistosomiasis under Uncertainty: A Systematic Review and Critical Appraisal of Evidence. Plos Neglected Tropical Diseases, 10(12), 1-28. doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0005208
Eliminate Yellow fever Epidemics (EYE): a global strategy, 2017-2026. (2017). Weekly Epidemiological Record, 92(16), 193-204.
Hector, R. F., & Laniado-Laborin, R. (2005). Coccidioidomycosis-- A Fungal Disease of the Americas. Plos Medicine, 2(1), 15-18. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.0020002
HIV/AIDS and STD Updates. (2010). AIDS Patient Care & STDs, 24(3), 201-202. doi:10.1089/apc.2010.9908
Murugaiah, C. (2011). The burden of cholera. Critical Reviews In Microbiology, 37(4), 337-348. doi:10.3109/1040841X.2011.603288
Štaudová, B., Strouhal, M., Zobaníková, M., Čejková, D., Fulton, L. L., Chen, L., & ... Šmajs, D. (2014). Whole Genome Sequence of the Treponema pallidum subs. endemic Strain Bosnia A: The Genome Is Related to Yaws Treponemes but Contains Few Loci Similar to Syphilis Treponemes. Plos Neglected Tropical Diseases, 8(11), 1-13. doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0003261
Sumner, T., Orton, R. J., Green, D. M., Kao, R. R., & Gubbins, S. (2017). Quantifying the roles of host movement and vector dispersal in the transmission of vector-borne diseases of livestock. PLoS Computational Biology, 13(4), 1-22. doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005470
Takahashi-Omoe, H., & Omoe, K. (2012). Social Environment and Control Status of Companion Animal-Borne Zoonoses in Japan. Animals (2076-2615), 2(1), 38-54. doi:10.3390/ani2010038
Yoshikazu, I., Takeshi, K., Gretchen, P., Futoshi, H., Hideaki, M., & Jiro, F. (2016). Comparative epidemiology of influenza A and B viral infection in a subtropical region: a 7-year surveillance in Okinawa, Japan. BMC Infectious Diseases, 161-8. doi: 10.1186/s12879-016-1978-0
Zoleko Manego, R., Mombo-Ngoma, G., Witte, M., Held, J., Gmeiner, M., Gebru, T., & ... Manego, R. Z. (2017). Demography, maternal health and the epidemiology of malaria and other major infectious diseases in the rural department Tsamba-Magotsi, Ngounie Province, in central African Gabon. BMC Public Health, 17(1), 1-7. doi:10.1186/s12889-017-4045-x
