Literature Review of Congestive Heart Failure
Introduction
Congestive heart failure (CHF)’s, frequency is increasing at a warning rate globally because of the increasing lifespan leading to a high elderly populace. CHF can be described as vital to the nursing expertise given that it is among the leading mortality causes among the hospitalized patients with cardiac issues. CHF illustrates the general, incapability of the heart in pumping adequate blood in the quest of meeting the metabolic needs of the body such as the supply of nutrients and oxygen that results in inconsistencies amid my cardinal oxygen demand as well as demand (Carpenter, 2015). America alone has an approximation of 6 million persons affected by CHF. This, therefore, shows that with the growing increase the next few years might present psychological and financial issues to the society on the grounds of CHF. Different strategies have been utilized in teaching the management and prevention of CHF among the elderly and vulnerable patients. Thus the necessity for CHF education and increased understanding of the issue is quintessential so that nurses can combat the increasing CHF victim’s numbers.
Methods
The research is an evidenced based one and thus all the sources needed to be evaluated in such of accuracy, usefulness, and relevance of the given information. Since secondary sources which in this case are focused on articles are to be utilized in the research systematic review was conducted. The evaluation criteria began by assessing the authority of the articles. This involved an assessment of all the articles on the authority held by the publishers and authors. The sources had to contain authoritative authors and had to be peer reviewed for dependability of the information. Despite the fact that the articles were acquired from scholarly sources internet sources are bound to create questions in regard to being reliable if there are no authors. In addition, credible publishers such as government agencies or established organizations tend to be more reliable and accurate if though the author's name may be missing.
Accuracy, content, and relevance are some of the additional factors that were assessed. In that, the sources were evaluated by establishing whether the given content was providing answers to the research queries to establish whether they would help in developing the paper. The relevance of the sources was established by analyzing the introduction and the content table to understand the subject being handled. Accuracy was evaluated on the grounds of clearness, well-cited information with a reference list and information correctness. Moreover, the sources had to be objective and addressing a specific audience. The purpose of the article should not be biased and should be more focused on trying to offer information in regard to a given subject rather than attempting to promote certain opinions. This means that the objective should be an obvious one for credibility to be established. The intended audiences were evaluated based on their authority in influencing the decision and changing the direction of the study. Lastly, the writing style and currency features were evaluated. The organization of the suitable sources had to be a logical one with a clear provision of arguments, a proper structure for easy follow up, formal and proper wording. In addition, the articles ought to have been published within the last five year given that currency is crucial since the topic dictates the utilization of recent information in justification of the need for CHF education based on the current issue.
Synthesis of Literature Review
The article authored by Carpenter, (2015), is focused on how CHF care can be improved using a clinical decision option. It discusses the manner in which the clinical decisive unit can be implanted in America for patients with CHF. The article established that the implementation would low the mortality rate for the patients with cardiac issues, lead to saving increased costs and provides learning opportunities for the nurses and nursing leadership. In general, this would lower CHF issues, particularly among the elderly persons by learning how their conditions can be monitored best. The study was accomplished via the use of a qualitative approach where cardiac patients were involved in the test based on their hospitalization period.
The article by Kalter-Leibovici et al, (2017), discusses the effectiveness of the programs utilized in managing diseases in developing heart failure outcome among patients. A qualitative approach was utilized in a hospital setting trial for the patients with access to quality health services and technological care. Services such as care coordination, diseases monitoring as well as patient education were utilized. It was established that among the admitted populace with heart-related issues 70 of them are not aware of how they should manage the conditions. However, based on the study the patients that are subjected to the programs for diseases management held better life quality that is related to health with reduced pressure and depression rate. The article, therefore, supports the study’s PICOT as it describes the issue and proposes for solutions.
The article by Kher, Johnson & Griffith, (2017), discusses the use of online health data for the CHF patients. According to the article, the use of online information in education CHF patients tends to be highly ineffective given that it only incorporates a low group of individuals. The research utilized a systematic review via a quantitative method. Search phrases such as CHF were utilized in the search for the most appropriate articles. For the elderly group, a significant number of them have not acquired education above the 6th grade which makes the information to be unusable for the affected groups. The article, therefore, states that more effort should be made in adjusting education materials that are provided on the online platforms for efficiency to be acquired.
Smith, (2013), article mainly discusses the telemonitoring interventions that are required in lowering the general readmission of patients suffering from CHF. The study utilized a critical review on the grounds of the data that is available. The results suggested that telemonitoring is an effective approach that can be utilized in lowering CHF associated issues that lead to readmission. This is because readmission holds both financial as well as psychological effects. Most patients are always forced to get back to being admitted after their conditions get worse post their dismissal in hospitals. This is usually the case because of the lack of management education. Nurses offer less or zero education on how they can best handle the conditions and this results in worsening of the symptoms. In addition, those at risk are not aware of the strategies that they can apply in ensuring that they do not suffer from the illness. This results in increased mortality rate since it is usually challenging to rectify the situation after getting worse. The article supports my PICOT because it describes the issue of CHF education and recommends some strategies that can be utilized in being effective.
Vedel & Khanassov, (2015), in the article, was focused on determining transitional care impact as an intervention approach on critical health acre that is utilized by CHF patients. A randomized trial and a systematic data review were conducted. The resulted indicated that transitional care is effective in reducing the risks that are involved that lead to being readmitted. In that, the patients are provided with important information that helps in better condition management. In addition, the study indicated that the implementation of the care should be an intensive one which is highly effective regardless of being applied in the shortest duration. The article’s subjects suit the study’s question because it will help in demonstrating how the use of health intervention in providing education for the patients can help in dealing with the CHF issue that is on the rise. In addition, this will help in demonstrating why education is the best option for solving the issue in the society due to the changing period via technology use.
The articles are similar as the addresses the issue of CHF education which is of necessity and proposes different approaches that can be utilized in addressing the matter. They, however, differs as they propose different intervention while some advocates for a long run and others short run approaches.
Future study
It is apparent that CHF education is of great significance in lowering the mortality rate, readmission rate and preventing the populace from acquiring the disease. However, different strategies with differing application have proved to be effective based on the evaluation of the sources. Some of the areas that require further investigation in the future include how the health care sector can provide more education to nurses in order to ensure that all the clinical needs of these patients are addressed. In addition, the methods through which the interventions such as transitional care and online education as management strategies needs investigation.
References
Carpenter, J. E. (2015). Improving Congestive Heart Failure Care with a Clinical Decision Unit. Nursing Economic$, 33(5), 255-262.
Kalter-Leibovici, O., Freimark, D., Freedman, L. S., Kaufman, G., Ziv, A., Murad, H., & ... Israel Heart Failure Disease Management Study (IHF-DMS), I. (2017). Disease management in the treatment of patients with chronic heart failure who have universal access to health care: a randomized controlled trial. BMC Medicine, 151-13. Doi: 10.1186/s12916-017-0855-z
Kher, A., Johnson, S., & Griffith, R. (2017). Readability Assessment of Online Patient Education Material on Congestive Heart Failure. Advances in Preventive Medicine, 1-8. doi:10.1155/2017/9780317
Smith, A. C. (2013). Effect of Telemonitoring on Re-Admission in Patients with Congestive Heart Failure. MEDSURG Nursing, 22(1), 39-44.
Vedel, I., & Khanassov, V. (2015). Transitional Care for Patients with Congestive Heart Failure: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Annals of Family Medicine, 13(6), 562-571. doi:10.1370/afm.1844
