Human rights

Article 2: Freedom from discrimination

Freedom from discrimination is the second article as declared by the universal declaration of human rights and recognized by the global laws that ensure human rights are not violated (Naughton & Frey, 2015). Discrimination is defined as different treatment of other people based on race, ethnicity, religion, age, disability and sex. Discrimination can be favorable where someone gets favors and can be unfavorable where someone does not bet favors (Roosevelt, 2000). Discrimination most cases is viewed as being unfavorable since discrimination undermines the people who are not favored. Freedom from discrimination came up in order to ensure no discrimination cases would be reported since in the old days many discrimination cases were reported. Freedom from discrimination is implemented for example in the US where cases of discrimination reported earlier were on the rise. People were discriminated because of the religion they practiced which was wrong compared to currently where discrimination cases are minimal. Freedom from discrimination is ensured by the constitution since the American constitution is against discrimination. The constitution advocates for equal treatment of all people and prohibits violation of the freedom from discrimination (Sweet, 2003).

The fifth and fourteenth amendment of the US constitution protects the people and ensures people are not discriminated (Sweet, 2003). Though the government protects all people few cases of discrimination have been reported in the US thus this article has not fully become implemented. In the United Kingdom discrimination has been abolished thus people are treated equally (Sweet, 2003). This freedom however is limited since cases of discrimination are still reported in the UK showing that people are still discriminated therefore this right has not been fully implemented. In German however, the law supports equal treatment of all people thus discrimination is prohibited. However cases of discrimination are reported showing that the right has not fully been implemented. For this right to be implemented in all countries measures have to be put in place which will ensure that all cases of discrimination are handled and people punished for discriminating others. Freedom from discrimination should be upheld as one of the human rights that support universal unity (Sweet, 2003). The constitutions in all countries are against any kind of discrimination since discrimination violates human rights and deprives people off their rights to live and survive.

Article 3: Right to life, liberty and security of person

This right is included in the universal declaration of human rights as article 3 where it ensures that all people have an equal right to life, security and liberty (Universal Declaration of Human Rights, 2007). According to the Canadian constitution, act 7 explains that all individuals have equal rights to life. It protects individuals against all the actions that can harm individuals either from the government or other individuals as well. Right to life ensures that individuals are protected by the state against actions that could end the life on an individual. Such actions include laws, health care services and other services that could terminate the life of individuals. Right to liberty is defined by the Supreme Court as the freedom to ensure people have personal choices which need to be respected. People have the right to make personal choices thus other people and the government needs to respect this (Sweet, 2003).

Right to security of an individual involves the individual coming up with laws that protect the people against making choices that harm them. In addition, this right ensures that individuals enjoy dignity and are independent in their endeavors (Naughton & Frey, 2015). The right ensures that individuals make choices that do not harm their bodies. Therefore this right has been implanted in countries such as the Germany, Canada and United Kingdom where the governments protect their people against terminating their lives. The countries ensure that they protect their citizens such that people enjoy dignity and independence they deserve. The right to liberty ensures that individuals have the right to express themselves and make personal decisions. These rights are however limited since the government makes restrictions on some individual choices since nobody is allowed to take his or her own life (Sweet, 2003). These rights have been implemented in these countries though they have not been fully implemented since individuals have made personal decisions that threaten their lives. The government as well practices capital punishment and life imprisonment which terminate and threaten the lives of individuals respectively. The government violates human rights when it supports capital punishment and life imprisonment thus it violates the human rights and indeed the universal human rights that protects the people.

Article 1: Right to equality

This right is the number one article in the universal declaration of human rights. It is defined as the human rights that ensure all people all treated equally since all people are born different, have different like and dislikes and therefore need to be treated equally (Sweet, 2003). This right according to the constitution of all countries ensures that no one remains above the law. All people are treated equally by the law and constitution of the given countries. The rule of the law governs the right to equality whereby no person regardless of the political or social status is above the law. All individuals follow the law and no special treatment is given to individuals since all individuals are equal in the eyes of the law. For instance in India, the government ensures that no citizen is discriminated on the grounds of religion, sex and race and that all people are equal and should be treated as such (Sweet, 2003). Tradition systems of some countries ensured that some people were specially treated but with the new constitution, all people are treated equally since no person is better compared to others.

The right to equality has been implemented in such countries such as India, US and United Kingdom where individuals are treated equally as the constitution explains. These countries as well as other countries ensure that individuals are given equal rights to follow the law and once violation has been done individuals are punished equally regardless of the social and political status Bagchi & Das, 2013). The rights have not been fully implemented since some people are given special treatments in the societies regardless of the constitution prohibiting such treatments since all people should be treated equally. The right to equality is limited in some cases since people with high political and social profiles are treated with respect compared to other people who hold no political profiles. The right to equality ensures that people are not discriminated since all people are equal and have equal thoughts that need to be respected. This right is effective in some countries whereas in other countries people still treat other people as minors compared to others. In the US for instance the whites discriminate against none white which is against the constitution therefore indicating that the right to equality still needs to be well implemented.

References

Roosevelt, E. (2000). Universal declaration of human rights in English, Spanish, French,             Chinese, Russian, Arabic.

Universal Declaration of Human Rights. (2007) (1st ed.). [New York].

Bagchi, S. S., & Das, A. (2013). Human rights and the Third World: Issues and discourses.          Lanham: Lexington Books.

Sweet, W. (2003). Philosophical theory and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Ottawa             [Ont.: University of Ottawa Press.

Naughton, G., & Frey, D. (2015). Teaching the Transformative Agenda of the Universal   Declaration of Human Rights. Radical Teacher, (103), 17-25. doi:10.5195/rt.2015.232