Research Proposal and Annotated Bibliography
Research Proposal
Drunk driving today, is among the most pressing issues that continuously takes thousands of lives every day. The research will be forced on drinking driving given that, it is an issue that affects everyone. This will be the research’s focus because too many people have been lost thanks to drunk driving. Death from drunk driving does not only affect those that are involved but everyone in relation to family, friends and the society in general (AIC 1). Despite the fact that drunk driving is a constant socio-economic issue the implemented solutions have proved to be ineffective (AIC 1). The research will, therefore, be analyzing, drunk driving issue, its driving forces, effects and propose feasible solutions. There are numerous solutions to preventing drunk driving and lowering the rate of traffic deaths and injuries but they are only effective if they are applied correctly.
Drunk driving is a thing that happens on instances. Due to drunk driving each 90 second an individual is hurt something that occurs in each day of the year. In most cases, victims of drunk driving are the innocent road users who have not engaged in any form of drinking. It is saddening to know that there are thousands of innocent lives lost annually due to negligence and ignorance of a few persons (Bonnie and O'Connell 8). Despite the fact that about 50 up to 75 percent of those found driving while completely drunk have been punished most of these people still repeat the offenses which demonstrate the ineffectiveness (AIC 1). However, some people argue that too much unnecessary concern is given to drunk driving but statistics prove them wrong. In America, more than 9805 people died in 2011 due to drunk driving alone (AIC 1). Young individuals are not the only ones who are involved in drunk driving but they are mostly the ones that are vulnerable to making unethical decisions after drinking due to peer pressure (Klaas 1). In this in mind, there is a need to formulate feasible solutions to adequately address the persisting issue. This issue is relevant to the cause given that it will directly contribute to building a foundation for social reform through the development of feasible solutions.
Annotated Bibliography
AIC. Effective Drink Driving Prevention and Enforcement Strategies: Approaches to Improving Practice. 2014. Retrieved from http://www.aic.gov.au/publications/current%20series/tandi/461-480/tandi472.html
In this article, AIC provide different views in regard to the issue of drunk driving. AIC argues that drunk driving is a major issue in the society today given that it is only just a threat to the drunk drivers but also to the general road users. The article notes that, drunk driving is an actual threat to socio-economic development because it affects the driver’s judgment abilities because it is a form of mental and sight distraction thus concluding that drunk driving is a major traffic accidents cause. The author refutes the assumption that drunk driving is only appropriate for those that are well experienced and mainly for shorter distances. AIC argues that, drunk driving is not a professional and it requires adequate cognitive and rational responses based on its complexity. In addition, the article argues that drunk driving is a major distraction from that leads to the loss of attention and blindness and this results in fatal accidents. The authors suggest that prohibiting drunk driving is essential but the effectiveness of the strategy is more complex than it appears but feasible solutions should be utilized.
Bartley, Graham P. Traffic Accidents: Causes and Outcomes. New York: Nova Science Publishers, Inc, 2008. Print.
This article mainly addresses the issue of drunk driving as addressed by law. Bartley (30) argues that drunk driving is equivalent to terrorism given that it endangers lives and leads to destruction. Drunk drivers fail to act based on moral principles and instead, their actions can be categorized as ignorant because they fail to consider the resulting outcomes. It is, therefore, saddening that the existing measures are particularly lenient on the offenders despite the existing statistics it is apparent that not much has been acquired. Walking while drunk differs completely from operating a machinery in the same statement given that concentration and critical responses are required. Given the complexity of the roads today, driving requires soberness and the capability to establish the most suitable responses. It is undoubted that driving entails good sight and cognitive responses and with intoxication both of these aspects are impacted which implies that all the made judgments tend to be unethical. The author argues that the consistency of the issue should mainly be subjected to the offenders given that the law is also responsible. While the solutions should mainly seek to change individual’s perception in regard to the issue it is also important for them to focus on creating efficiency in the manner in which they are implemented (Bartley 33).
Bonnie, Richard J, and Mary E. O'Connell. Reducing Underage Drinking: A Collective Responsibility. Washington, DC: National Academies Press, 2003. Print.
The article establishes the outcome of drunkenness while driving to be life threatening which is owed to the high number of traffic accidents that are related to the problem. Bonnie, Bonnie and O'Connell (6) criticizes the ability of the existing laws in solving the issue stating that the number of those involved in drunk driving is too high for any effects to be seen. According to the author drinking and then driving is both a sociological and spiritual issue. They argues that when one is drunk, the cognitive capability is affected and one’s sight becomes poor which leads to poor judgment and inappropriate responses. The authors holds that this is unethical given that it opposes moral and legal standards yet it also generates sorrow and financial strains via injuries and the loss of thousand lives annually. The authors finds the existing statistics to be highly demanding in terms of solutions given that it establishes that close to 70 percent of the drunk driving populace is made of individuals amid 18 and 20 years having the greatest reported incidences that devises from drunk driving tendency (Bonnie and O'Connell 8).
Fairfield, Hannah. Young Drivers and Alcohol: A Deadly Mix. 2013. Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com/2013/05/28/science/young-drivers-and-alcohol-a-deadly-mix.html
The article asserts that the achievement of the current measures in the last few years globally should be acknowledged. However, Fairfield (1) argues that the achievement has not saved as most lives as it would be expected. Losing thousands of lives because of unethical decisions from ignorant people should not be accommodated in the society today. The author proposed that among the most feasible solutions that can be applied on the national scope include education, campaigns, changing the existing rules to be stricter to accommodate the complexity of the issues. The article finds that given that the major driver of drunk driving among the young populace is peer pressure it is not possible to solve that but the solutions should be objected at changing the individual’s insight and attitudes (Fairfield 1). This can best be acquired by ensuring that people adequately understand the general sources and consequences of such actions. Drunk driving today, is a major concern and its persistent should not be underrated. The author suggests that the most effective solution can be the use of campaigns and educative programs. In that this will not only create awareness but also familiarity through the use of personal narratives that can connect better with the audiences and create a sense of experience.
Klaas, Perri. When Teenagers Drink, Avoiding The Risks From Driving.2017. Retrieved from https://www.nytimes.com/2017/03/27/well/family/when-teenagers-drink-avoiding-the-risks-from-driving.html
Klaas (1) argues that the society believes that young individuals are the most vulnerable to drunk driving but the middle-class persons are highly involved too. Based on the article it is true that the highest drunk drivers are amid 17 and 25 years which is mainly fueled by peer and social pressure (Klaas 1). The authors argue that this populace engages in drunk driving in the quest of relieving their anguish and trying to get some attention. On the other hand, the adult participators are highly driven by socio-economic pressure. From the article survey’s findings, drunk driving is a prime distractor for drivers. The article justifies the science amid the interruption by offering descriptive forms of careless and concentrating aspect stating that drunk driving is more hazardous as compared to text drinking. The article covers the subject of law and that of drunk driving by researching on whether the existing laws have actually lowered mobile phone distraction while addressing numerous solutions that can be applied adequately in reducing drunk driving by today’s drivers. The study’s findings established that drunk driving is highest globally and has been persistent since the emergence of motor vehicles.
Lerner, Barron H. One for the Road: Drunk Driving Since 1900. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2011. Internet resource.
This article’s idea is to demonstrate how drunk drivers are highly covered by vehicles insurances from the public obligation for their illegal actions. According to Lerner (14) given that the insurances covers tend to guard these criminals against any penalty that comes their way and accommodate their financial needs after the occurrence of these accidents most are engaged in repetitive offenses. Depressing opposing behavior in regard to drunk driving is just a single aim which is incomplete given that efficiency can only be acquired when the victims are adequately compensating. The strategy can help in offering protection and stabilizing the expenses subjected to the victims while pressuring the offenders to handle that actual prices of their conducts. Financial compensation is an important aspect of drunk driving despite the fact that it is rarely addressed given that the only seeks to punish the offenders while forgetting that the victim’s needs should be addressed as part of the penalty. The author holds that drunk driving is best described as ignorance given that most of those that are involved are well informed of the resulting consequences but act based on their selfish and irrational decisions.
References
AIC. Effective Drink Driving Prevention and Enforcement Strategies: Approaches to Improving Practice. 2014. Retrieved from http://www.aic.gov.au/publications/current%20series/tandi/461-480/tandi472.html
Bartley, Graham P. Traffic Accidents: Causes and Outcomes. New York: Nova Science Publishers, Inc, 2008. Print.
Bonnie, Richard J, and Mary E. O'Connell. Reducing Underage Drinking: A Collective Responsibility. Washington, DC: National Academies Press, 2003. Print.
Fairfield, Hannah. Young Drivers and Alcohol: A Deadly Mix. 2013. Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com/2013/05/28/science/young-drivers-and-alcohol-a-deadly-mix.html
Klaas, Perri. When Teenagers Drink, Avoiding The Risks From Driving. 2017. Retrieved from https://www.nytimes.com/2017/03/27/well/family/when-teenagers-drink-avoiding-the-risks-from-driving.html
Lerner, Barron H. One for the Road: Drunk Driving Since 1900. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2011. Internet resource.
