Social Changes and Justice for Latinos in the United States

 

 

Abstract

            There are several factors like presence of Mexican Revolution in 1910, the existence of the policies of the Bracero Program and increased rate was the increased birth rate among the Latino population. The Latino had faced many challenges because the people in United States perceived that they imposed threats to them. The citizens of Latino had been suffering injustices regardless of the protection that had been guaranteed by the constitution mostly basin color. The adoption of Puerto Rico as a Commonwealth had been relating to increased anti-Latino rhetoric. This had been happening among some political and civic groups, the Congress and the state legislatures. “wet-foot, dry-foot” policy had been offering the people who stepped on the dry land of the state to continue remaining there. There had been restrictions from working in economic institutions as well as voting but justice came in and the Latinos had the right to vote. The Mexico territory strengthens justice by allowing the Mexican citizens to possess citizenship by their choice.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Introduction

            Latino immigration involved the movement of the Latina citizens towards the United States. Their migration had been associated with several factors like the presence of Mexican Revolution, the existence of the policies of some programs and increased rate was the increased birth rate among the Latino population. The challenges that the Latinos had been facing was associated with perception of threat that the people in the United States had. Their presence had been appearing as a form of threat among the administration of the areas they occupied and contributed to increased cases of divergent persecutory and police behaviors, racial profiling, implicit bias and poor treatment of the Latinos in the courts. Despite the high increase rate of the Latino population in the United States and the guarantee they had been offered by the constitution, they continued suffering injustices. The cause for the injustices had been grounded on various factors as discussed in the paper. The adoption of Puerto Rico as a Commonwealth had been relating to increased anti-Latino rhetoric. This had been happening among some political and civic groups, the Congress and the state legislatures. There have been policies that had been offering people rights to possess the lands they had been living on and remain there if they wished so. There had been restrictions from working in economic institutions as well as voting but justice came in and the Latinos had the right to vote. The Mexico territory strengthens justice by allowing the Mexican citizens to possess citizenship by their choice. There are social changes and some form of justice for the Latino citizens in United States.

            The labor offered by the Latino had been appealing to many like Albama who had been dealing with tomato growing. Georgia who had been associated with poultry-keeping had also been in love with the work-force of the Latino population. However, they had been facing rejection from the Southerners which had been grounded on cultural grounds. The Southerners had also been criticizing the Latinos with claims that they had been taking the Anglos jobs (Lacy, Odem & University of Georgia, 2009). Those among the Latinos who had been facing arrests had been facing a justice system full of criminality. There had no presence of bilingual attorneys, sensitivity and cultural awareness and people who would have served as court interpreters. During the periods of pressures of the budget, the court employees are the ones that are used by the administrators to lower the costs. This practice had been greatly infringing the rights of LEP who had been in need of effective help from the counsel. They had also been in need for assistance in order to be in the position of facing the witnesses.

            The high numbers of the Latino population had been a threat against the administration of the United States as far as the court systems are concerned. The large population could have also contributed to increased cases of divergent persecutory and police behaviors, racial profiling, implicit bias and poor treatment of the Latinos in the courts (Salinas, 2015). The presence of the Latino cities in the United States had been serving as a representative of the nature of some worst abuses their civil rights and the minority groups in the recent years. They include the racial profiling of the New York, the denials of the Houston because of the process of the police officers, prosecutors and judges, Los Angeles police abuses and a conviction that had been imposed on San Antonio that later led to execution. The racial and ethnic commentaries had been a major trigger of violence which mostly resulted in to deaths of many people.

            The irreversible linguistic and ethnic diversity of the Americans had been shaped by the presence of the foreign policy towards Cuba and Puerto Rico. The adoption of Puerto Rico as a Commonwealth had been relating to increased anti-Latino rhetoric (Congress, (2010). This had been happening among some political and civic groups, the Congress and the state legislatures. They had been a treaty made by the Paris had played a significant role in putting to an end the war that had been existing between the Spanish and the Americans in the year 1898. There had been a territory by the Spain referred to as the Puerto Rico even in the present days. There had been a further declaration made by the congress concerning the citizenship. It declared that any person who had been born in Puerto Rico had a right to belong to the citizenship of the United States.

            Approval of aircrafts in 1959 had greatly contributed to migration of the Cuban citizens which caused more people to settle at the shores of the United States. The increased population had also been facilitated by the immigration policy of the Americans called “wet-foot, dry-foot” policy (LeoGrande, 2017). This policy had been offering the people who stepped on the dry land of the state to continue remaining there. Despite the presence of the constant patrols that had been carried out by the patrol of the border on the Florida waters, a population of over 131,000 Cubans had come to settle in United States permanently. The policy however had been associated with negative implications whereby most of the Cuban immigrants got drawn in the waters as they tried to reach the Southern parts of Florida. There had also another negative impact associated with the policy was that it had been allowing pro-Cubiuan movement into the United States more than groups of other ethnicity. In order to overcome this form of discrimination, there had been the need for the critics and the observers to comprehend some facts. First, the United States’ president had been the chief of the foreign policy. Secondly, the observers should bear in mind that the congress had been having power in the policy development concerning the immigration activities. These circumstances had been able to pose restriction of any kind of discrimination by the judiciary. There immigration of the Latino had been able to increase the population in the social institutions of United States. From the surveys that had been carried out in 2012 had been able to show that around twenty percent of the public kindergartens belonged to Latino.

            Poverty and financial rates are important features in assessment of the justice among the Latino citizens in the courts. The presence of increased population had played an important role in increasing the median income among the United States’ population (Salinas, 2015). In the United States, the median had been $ 50,000 while in Hispanic households, it had been $39,000. There had been also a social change basing the issue of poverty. Among the United States, the rate was at 16 per cent while in Hispanic population, it had been 28 per cent.

            The increased immigration rate of the Latino in the United States contributed towards a significant social change as far as education system is concerned. The increased population pressure would be a great threat towards the education system if the authorities of the learning institutions happened to fail in paying attention towards the changes in the demography (Gandara & Contreras, 2009). There had also been the need for the authorities to initiate policies of establishing numerous systems for training more teachers who would have been in demand in the future. There would also be conflicts as the seeking of molding the Latino scholarship into Anglo replica takes place. A goal like this would impact more damage on the child belonging to the minority groups. To avoid this possible implication, there had been the need to incorporate the culture of the child in the teaching activities.

            There had been discrimination grounded on color because there had been a view of the Latinos being non-whites by the Anglos. There had been other people who claimed that the Latinos are white race members. The population of the Latino had been entailing all the known major races, that is; brown, black, yellow and white. However the Latinos had been classified by the anthropologists did not manage to bring into existence any form of solution concerning the racism. The objective had instead been targeted on how the other ethnic groups had been treated by the dominant society of the whites. Some Latinos and Mexicans who had been residing in America used to call themselves La Raza which meant “The People” or “The Race” but this did not keep away the Latino from being racists (MacDonald & Guzmán, 2017). The attitude of the Latino population had not been indicating any signs of integrating with the American societies. For instance, the African Americans and the Mexican citizens had been restricted from buying land in residential areas in Anglo as per the covenants grounded on racism; there had been the desire to possess the land by the Latinos. However, this had remained impossible as per the rules of the law until there was voiding of the restrictive covenants by the Supreme Court that had been grounded on racism by the white people.

            There had been the efforts of the Latinos to join the military services through making a step of signing up. This step had been significantly indicating that there had been the willingness of Latinos to integrate with the Americans. There had been injustice whereby the Latinos were being restricted from various economic institutions like restaurants and the children were been admitted in the Mexican segregated schools (Leonard & Lugo-Lugo, 2015). However, some Latinos had volunteered as representatives of their nation and this gave many people hope that the issue of racism would reduce. The Latinos had engaged in matters of politics having an aim of bringing out a better America. This effort had been able to offer them chances of voting for political representatives of their wish. They desire to have representative did not succeed until president Obama had made acknowledgement to an editorial newspaper board that the victory of the re-election would greatly be determined by the voting efforts of the Latinos. The Latinos had been making efforts to purchase their own poll tax in order to vote but they faced much discouragement by the people who were in control of the voting activities. In many parts of Texas, only the whites had the permission to vote unless the Latino had been fully Spanish by blood.

            The Mexican population had been the one with the basis of prejudice that they achieved the time they managed to get the Mexican territory. This enabled the citizens of Mexico who had had been residing in America to be an exclusion of going to testify in trial of California (Salinas, 2015). Dominguez had been serving the supervisor of the county of Los Angeles and was the one who signed the constitution of California. The Anglo lawyer ignored his testimony what he had appeared as witness simply because he was an Indian. Later after the injustice that had been done to Dominguez, the racism based on persons continued. There had been a Mexican in Rodriguez who had been in need of citizenship. From the treaty that facilitated the end of war in 1848 had clear declarations that it citizenship had been only allowed fort the whites hence the person was not allowed to get nationality. This had been grounded on color racism as outlined by the lawyer. The judge declared that the person had not been supposed to be classified basing anthropology but it should be under the grounds of the treaty made in the Mexican territory. There had been a clear declaration in Article VIII that the Mexican citizens had the rights to retain their citizenship or register in order to acquire those of the United States. Following these circumstances, the Mexican citizen had been free to acquire citizenship. This shows that there had been a form of justice of justice that had taken place.

Conclusion

            The challenges that the Latinos had been facing was associated with perception of threat that the people in the United States had. Their presence had been appearing as a form of threat among the administration of the areas they occupied and contributed to increased cases of divergent persecutory and police behaviors, racial profiling, implicit bias and poor treatment of the Latinos in the courts. Despite the high increase rate of the Latino population in the United States and the guarantee they had been offered by the constitution, they continued suffering injustices. The cause for the injustices had been grounded on various factors as discussed above. The adoption of Puerto Rico as a Commonwealth had been relating to increased anti-Latino rhetoric. This had been happening among some political and civic groups, the Congress and the state legislatures. “wet-foot, dry-foot” policy had been offering the people who stepped on the dry land of the state to continue remaining there. These had been playing a major role in portraying justice. There had been restrictions from working in economic institutions as well as voting but justice came in and the Latinos had the right to vote. The Mexico territory strengthens justice by allowing the Mexican citizens to possess citizenship by their choice. From the discussion above, it is therefore clear that there are many social changes and some form of justice for the Latino citizens in United States.

 

 

 

 

 

Reference

 

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LeoGrande, W. M. (2017). Reversing the Irreversible: President Donald J. Trump’s Cuba Policy.             IdeAs. Idées d'Amériques, (10).

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Salinas, L. S. (2015). U.S. latinos and criminal injustice. East Lansing, MI: Michigan State          University Press.

 

Zambrana, R. E. (2011). Latinos in American society: Families and communities in transition.