Questions and Topics We Can Help You To Answer:
Paper Instructions:

What are indicators?
An indicator is a specific, observable and measurable
characteristic that can be used to show changes or progress
toward achieving a specific outcome.
There should be at least one indicator for each outcome. The
indicator should be focused, clear and specific. The change
measured by the indicator should represent progress.
An indicator should be defined in precise, unambiguous
terms that describe clearly and exactly what is being
measured. Where practical, the indicator should give a
relatively good idea of the data required and the population
among whom the indicator is measured.
Indicators do not specify a particular level of achievement --
the words “improved”, “increased”, or “decreased” do not
belong in an indicator. 

Characteristics of good indicators:

Valid: accurate measure of a behaviour, practice, task
that is the expected output or outcome
Reliable: consistently measurable over time, in the
same way by different observers
Precise: operationally defined in clear terms
Measurable: quantifiable using available tools and
methods
Timely: provides a measurement at time intervals
relevant and appropriate in terms of goals and
activities

EXAMPLE OF 3 INDICATORS; 
Paid Work
Leisure
Unpaid Work
OR
use this website to reference: http://www.oecdbetterlifeindex.org/topics/work-life-balance/ 

THE BREAKDOWN OF THE ESSAY/ CASE STUDY:


time-use analysis of your own WLB should build on the literature, lectures and the
key concepts of the course. You should include the following sections: introduction;
theoretical framework; methodology; results; analysis; conclusion, bibliography

What is my theoretical framework? Why, explain, what, 

Methodology - logging, how, when, process 

Results - where you exhibit data visualization - summary of findings. - “Found evidence of xyz on this account. “

Analysis - what I found, what I thought, 


Sources- from course and outside 

OECD better life balance reading 

*** I NEED 10 sources in proper bibliographic format (APA) 

I will provide 3 sources from my course that you will NEED to reference. I will tell you which part from which one. 


• Your time-use analysis demonstrates advanced understanding of course material
and an ability to articulate this understanding clearly ( / 5)
• Your indicators are original and well developed ( / 5)
• You integrate course concepts, materials and readings ( / 5)
• Your paper has minimal grammatical and spelling errors, and includes
appropriate citation of ideas ( / 5)
• You include data visualizations / graphs and tables with 3 indicators you define to
measure WLB ( /5)
• Your bibliography includes the required number of sources mentioned above in
proper format (APA or MLA). Each source should be referenced in your paper
( /5) 

SOME EXTRA NOTES:

Karasek Job Strain Model *

Low control conditions
xLow control conditions include deskilled labour and
reduced decision making autonomy. Employees in
this position are not given the leeway to make
decisions regarding their work or work environment.
They also do not have the opportunity to learn new
skills on the job or problem solve.

xHigh demand conditions include inadequate time
to meet job demands and excessive workload.
When asked about their workload, employees in
high demand situations often say, "I work very fast
and/or hard," and, "There is not enough time to get
the job done.”

xKarasek's High Demand-Low Control Model defines
high stress, unhealthy jobs as those with low
control/low decision latitude and high demand
conditions.
His model has been linked to significant,
measurable health outcomes.

Employment Strain
Model *

Alienation - 4 basic types
1. Alienation from the products of our labour
2. Alienation from our own creative abilities
3. Alienation from one another
4. Alienation from our “species-being”

1.Workers are alienated from the objects of their
work. What the worker makes does not belong
to the worker. The object of work confronts the
worker as if it were an alien object.

2. Workers are alienated in the activity of work
itself. The work is not chosen; it is coerced,
forced labour.

3. We are all alienated from each other. Workers
compete with other workers for scarce and
insecure work. Capitalists compete with other
capitalists. Capitalists and workers are pitted
against one another.
Capitalism thus separates people into groups or
classes whose interests are antagonistic and in
conflict.

4. Workers are also alienated from their humanity or
“species-being” as Marx calls it. Mere biological
survival becomes the goal as wages are driven
down to “subsistence” levels for food, clothing,
and shelter only.
Everything in the workers’ life becomes subordinate
to base physical survival. The work itself is
fundamentally dehumanizing.

Deskilling
The drive to accumulate more capital leads to investment in new and better technologies
Replacing highly skilled and expensive labour through mechanization and deskilling increases productivity (surplus value) and profit
Deskilling results from the incessant breakdown of labour processes into simplified operations taught to workers as tasks.
The more machinery that has been developed as an aid to labour, the more labour becomes a servant of machinery
Extreme alienation ensues as the drive for greater productivity replaces any regard for human beings

“neoliberalism is in the first
instance a theory of political
economic practices that
proposes that human wellbeing
can best be advanced
by liberating individual
entrepreneurial freedoms and
skills within an institutional
framework characterized by
strong private property rights,
free markets, and free trade.”
(Harvey, 2001)


CLASS 2 - Conceptualizing Worker Wellbeing

Definition of work 1 : activity in which one exerts strength or faculties to do or perform something; a : sustained physical or mental effort to overcome obstacles and achieve an objective or result; b : the labor, task, or duty that is one's accustomed means of livelihood; c : a specific task, duty, function, or assignment often being a part or phase of some larger activity

Work is an activity that requires mental or physical effort and it can be either paid or unpaid. Labour is also considered work if done in leisure time (e.g. gardening). Work is generally associated with jobs, but it expands to many other activities even when done for fun

Work is going to a corporation, organization or institution, the government and even the market and doing tasks, service, labour, duties that betters our society. Work is business to consumer relation and making an income out of that; making capital and profit to gain assets and provide for the family and give back to the community

Marx and Engels saw work as central to human identity. Engels unfinished book The Part Played by Labour in the Transition from Ape to Man: labour “is the prime basic condition for all human existence, and this to such an extent that, in a sense, we have to say that labour created man himself.” Source: Magdoff (2006)

“By the combined functioning of hands, speech organs, and the brain, not only in each individual but also in society, men became capable of executing more and more complicated operations, and were able to set for themselves and achieve higher and higher aims. The work of each generation itself became different, more perfect and more diversified. Agriculture was added to hunting and cattleraising; then came spinning, weaving, metal-working, pottery and navigation…trade, industry, art, and science.” Source: Magdoff (2006)

What is Capitalism? An economic system in which trade, industry, and the means of production are controlled by private owners with the goal of making profits in a market economy. Central characteristics include capital accumulation, competitive markets and wage labour. Degree of competition, role of intervention and regulation, and scope of public ownership varies across different models of capitalism. What model of capitalism is dominant today in Canada? Neoliberalism

anchoring the story in some key moments 

Capital: development from craft and subsistence to monopoly and industrial modes of production Labour: internal tensions, strikes and militancy, union organizations and approaches to political voice State: significant legislative moments, ally to capital or labour? 

WWII – the government attempts to limit the power of unions through wage controls and restrictions on the right to strike Strikes, e.g. Kirkland Lake gold miners (1941), induce the government to change course 1944 – emergency order-in-council, PC 1003, protects the right to join a union and requires employers to recognize unions Basis of Canadian industrial relations in the Industrial Relations and Disputes Investigation Act (1948) and in provincial legislation 

2018 Bill 47: Making Ontario Open for Business Act replaces Bill 148: Fair Workplaces, Better Jobs Act

At a normative level, both ES and OHS legislation aim to promote ‘decent work.’ The concept of ‘decent work’ as developed through the International Labour Organization (ILO) is defined as jobs that provide income and employment security, equity, and human dignity. Source: Leah F. Vosko, Eric Tucker, Mark P. Thomas, Mary Gellatly, November 2011


Intersectionality (also referred to as intersectional analysis or intersectionality theory) is an analytical tool for understanding and responding to the ways gender identity intersects with and is constituted by other social factors such as race, age, ethnicity and sexual orientation


Key source of - alienation ( resistance? ) 

"the worker is brought face to face with the intellectual potentialities of the material process of production as the property of another and as a power which rules over him." MARX

Work exploitation from manufactured labour and paid work I’m involved with. 

I chose 3 indicators and 4th as sleep 

1. Relaxed time- having Full control of my time and what i do with it and enjoying it
2. Alienated- alienated because its an obligation or because it involves work I dont just 'want' to do. Lack of control from my activities/time/ ect..or stress
3. Paid work - work i do with a earned wage
4. sleep 

SOURCES:
WLB definition
based on
Valcour 2007**
(may be of used
for your timeuse analysis
definitions)
‘an overall level of contentment resulting
from an assessment of one’s degree of
success at meeting work and family role
demands’ (Valcour, 2007) 

-Abendroth& Dulk 2011 -Support for the work-life balance in Europe: the impact of state, workplace and
family support on work-life balance satisfaction
- Marx
- Braverman
- Taylor
- Karasek

I've attached my acitivity log with some notes on what i want you to do with the information. However, because this is an individual work study, the rest is up to you to classify and analyse according to the readings and notes i provided.  

LASTLY; the two screenshots are pictures of the VISUAL REPRENTATIONS i need to include. I need at least 2 types of them in my paper. Could either be in the results section or analysis section. I need them to be graphs with colour coding and tables with data analysis.