Questions and Topics We Can Help You To Answer:
Paper Instructions:

Define “adaptation.” Then explain a “spandrel.” Define spandrel in both architectural and biological contexts. Explain why Gould and Lewontin used the spandrel as an analogy in their paper that criticized the “adaptationist regime.” Explain the pseudopenis of the female spotted hyena and why it is or is not an example of a spandrel.

What is the difference between organizational and activational effects of hormones? Give an example of each and describe data that would demonstrate whether a hormone has organizational effects or activational effects. You can base your answer on a real or imagined hormone.