General Biology Questions
- Describe Angelmans Syndorme and Proder Willie Syndrome and discuss the cause of each
Angelmans Syndorme and Proder Willie Syndrome are two different disorders that are linked with mental and anomalies retardation but they share same and uncommon basis in the context of genetics. Proder Willie is a disorder syndrome that is mainly caused by a disruption and deletion of genes located in the 15th proximal arm chromosome which is additionally regarded as disomic of maternal in the 15th chromosome. The disorder is associated with obesity, mental retardants, stature that is short, hypotonic, and fetal activity. Proder Willie o the other and is a genetic complex disorder that mainly impacts the nervous system. This disorder is characterized by delayed growth, movement issues, intellectual issues and speech impairment. The disorder is caused by genes disorders (Sutton, 2016).
- What is the function of methyl tags in the expression of genes?
Methyl tags helps in showing how genes are added. This therefore helps in demonstrating the general expression of DNA. The methyl tags helps in modification of one of the four letters of chemicals which are T, G, C, and A which are the compositions of the DNA code (Sutton, 2016).
- What is the epigenome (“above the genome”) and epigenetics?
Epigenetics is an encompassing of all he procedures that result in heritable transformation in the expression of gene development without the occurrence of DNA sequence transformation. However epigenome experiences changes. Epigenome is described to ass all the states at the general genome level. This means that a multi- cellular organism that is characterized by a single gene by with numerous epigenomes (Sutton, 2016).
- Describe the rat studies comparing high licking mother’s vs low licking mothers and their effects on the genetics of their offspring.
Some rat’s mothers spend most of their existence liking and taking care of the pups which is regarded as high licking however some do spend less time. The rats that are highly licked tend to develop and become calm rats while those that receive less leaking develop to be characterized with anxiousness. The difference between the two rats development is not a genetic origin but an epigenetic. The nurturing of the rat mother helps in shaping the growth of epigenomes of the pups and the epigenetic that is established lasts longer (Sutton, 2016).
- Epigenetic changes in gene expression may underlie human diseases. Give examples and outcomes of experiments with MDS leukemia
The epigenetic cells piling up, results in the development of different diseases. This is due to the activation and rearrangement of genes. The experiment is aimed at suppressing the leukemia disease. This helps in avoiding the act of killing the cells through reactivating them and changing their behaviors. This leads in the disappearance of the disease (Sutton, 2016).
- Multitude of complex diseases may have epigenetic triggers. Evidence for autism
Autism is a mysterious complaint that is characterized by social withdrawal. This results in an illustration of differences that are caused by epigenetic triggers. This results in wield behaviors which cannot be changed. The disarrangement of genes causes the formation of a brain structure that does not have positive behaviors as it results to low brain and general development (Sutton, 2016).
- Evidence from Swedish study that genes may not be all that passes from generation to generation. Explain how the impact of famine may be captured in the egg and sperm and have effects two generations later.
Poor nutrition directly affects the health of individuals which may affect the formation of genes. The event that occurs in a particular generation is capable of affecting the upcoming generation. Epigenetic is responsible for the occurrence. For instance if the ancestors were characterized by unhealthy eating the grandson holds four more times probability of becoming diabetic (Sutton, 2016).
- Describe the research of Michael Skinner from Washington State as to how pesticides affect pregnant rats and their offspring.
Pesticides affect pregnant rats as well as their off springs through altering the rat’s epigenetics. This therefore alters the variation of cells which may later develop illnesses in the affected rats off springs (Sutton, 2016).
- Why is it so important that mapping of the human epigenome should be carried out?
Human epigone should be carried out because it is objected at identifying, interpretation and catalogue of DNA methylation genome patterns. This activity helps in developing a better understanding of how diseases such as leukemia grow and the specific cells that are responsible for driving the development of disease. This therefore helps in cancer diagnosing, individual medication identification and grounds for expansion in the future (Sutton, 2016).
Reference
Sutton, M. (2016). PBS Nova S35E02 Ghost in your Genes. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5gBHtGS0kZM&t=219s
