Victims of hate crime

Hate is an occurrence whereby the victim or the person affected has the idea that another person is biased in regards to the person being a transgender, different religion, race, or sexual orientation. Hate crime can also result from being prejudiced or having target hatred towards another person. Hate crime can be done to either a property or a person (Zaykowski, 2010). Victims of hate crime do not have to belong to a certain group in order to be victimized but can happen to anyone else. Incidents of hate crime can involve bullying, verbal utterances, physical assault, harassment, mate crime, or use of the graffiti. In any case, not every type of an incident of hate will mature into a hate crime, some amounts to a criminal offense. In this case, when a hate incident matures to a criminal offense they can be termed as hate crimes.

Certain laws have been formulated to give justice to the perpetrators of hate crime. The police force has already defined the meaning of hate crime according to how well they can solve the issue. Hate crime according to the authorities is any type of criminal offense that is perceived by a victim to be influenced by hostility on the basis of the religion, race, gender, or disability. When a criminal offense becomes a hate crime, the offender faces judgment from the law underneath Act 2003 of criminal justice. Incidences based on characteristics such as certain subcultures and age may not necessarily be termed as the hate crime according to the law (Rayburn et al., 2003). However, such incidences are also supposed to be reported to the authorities where they face a linier verdict as compared to hate crimes.

Most parts if the world today is affected by racism as influenced by the majority group of people. Numerous reports and case files have been brought forward in order to curb the hate crime based on the race of a person (Zaykowski, 2010). Race has been the highest contributor of crime especially in schools and in the society today. Race in hate crime is mostly attributed to the event of poverty, lack of self-motivation. In the United States, the black Americans are given more time in prisons than how a white would be charged in court. This can be a contributor to the issue of hate crime.

In this case, if the blacks are sentenced more years to prison than the whites, then there is a possibility of the occurrence of a hate crime as they try to make their color known to the world. This happens for all the other ethnic communities and with thus the influence to commit such offenses is in the majority minds (Saucier et al., 2006). Considering the racial disparity, the number of crimes and victims of hate crime in a certain community exceeds the number of people in the same community. In this scenario, there are more people who are offensive compared to their population. The police have in a way been involved in the intimidation of the people of the minor community or those of a particular color. Hate crime does not always occur from the normal citizens or the general society; numerous cases have been filed against even the police brutality which is as a result of hate crime (Zaykowski, 2010).

Victims in this situation are mostly shy to speak out their minds since they fear a similar or worse event might be the outcome. In the United States, there are departments which have been set up by the government to look into the issue of crime and especially hate crime disregarding the skin color of the perpetrator. The department collects data in regards to how the crime rates are reported to the authorities. Being victimized just because a person belongs to a particular race is the most hurting thing a person can do to another person. The crimes happen randomly or mainly occur during the campaign periods when people are trying to discriminate and implicate a certain community if they do not support the agendas of the candidate. In the 1970s, a man by the name Donald gave a presentation case on the law behavior (Rayburn et al., 2003).

The decision to make the police force more active in terms of solving the issue can be equated to the relational distance between the law and the crime as in for the race, gender disparity, and the class that is the measure of stratification (Saucier et al., 2006). The arrest and prosecution of the hate crime offenders need to be more precise and mostly a success since the system of justice will be more effective. The whites have a greater access to the law and justice and with this reason; they are in a better position to either call or receive more help than any other ethnic race. The blacks, on the other hand, have a very negative ideology about the police force and this has influenced their way of life which does not involve reporting any issue to the relevant authorities.  The lack of police confidentiality and intimidation may cause the victims to deal with the situations without involving them at any instance (Zaykowski, 2010). The arguments by the law enforcement agents do not impact on the rate at which they solve any case regarding the hate crime.

In the year 2003, there were 42% cases of hate crime reported by the whites and 49% which have been reported by the blacks. The number of hate crimes committed is basically race related in most cases. Basin a person’s background on the basis of belonging to a particular religion is a hate crime that is totally unacceptable. Being biased since a person is Arabic or Islamic is an offense y law and the perpetrators can spend more than half their years in prison. Violence on the basis of religion especially to the Islamic Americans and the Arabs reached the climax after an attack that took more lives that can be imagined at a go. An estimated number of more than 700 cases against religious hate crime which had specifically targeted the Arabs and also the Muslim Americans had been filed to the relevant authorities awaiting justice (Saucier et al., 2006). Due to the continued lack of understanding of the different religious setting which is present in the world, many other close related societies have been mistaken for belonging to a certain religion which is being targeted by other communities. Since most of the crimes are defined as being biased or being perceived to belong, all the incidents of hate are regarded as being a hate crime. Personal attacks and vandalism are the main ways in which religion is being targeted by any members. The Jews have experienced the victimization of such people and term them as hypocrites.

Homophobic and the transphobic have also experienced the effect of a hate crime. There before discrimination against the lesbians, bisexual, transgender and gays have been rampant but in the recent times the cases have reduced and prosecution cases have proceeded (Rayburn et al., 2003). The number of crimes committed against women especially has been on the rise in the recent times. The female gender has been physically and in most cases sexually harassed by the perpetrators of injustices. In the real sense, women victimization has been influenced by the fact that in the traditional times they were subjected to domestic violence which has now become a common thing recently. One of the best examples to illustrate the gender-based violence is an event where there were more than 10 girls who were shot dead in Georgetown estate (Zaykowski, 2010).  Not every violent crime done to women will result in a crime that is biased, just like it is not every hate crime against the backs will be termed as being racist. Disability is also a very common type of hate crime against humanity. Everybody is obligated to feel happy and always be safe from a crime committed by humans. Court actions have been taken against people who are perceived to be committing such kind of mistakes and this has assisted in changing the perception of many. 

Several incidents have been or using the physical terms. The federal courts have the obligation of listening to every case which involves hate crimes against humanity. The prosecutors of justice will always rely on the information provided in making decisions on hate crime. States which have the interest in the gender-based hate crimes have not been overburdened with the rape cases, domestic violence, any sexual assaults or any other common type of crimes. Based on the conclusions determined after carrying out unmatched count technique, which basically focuses on the reduction of the number of social disparity during the exploration of the base rates in the hate crime victimization, it is most certain that the results can be depended on for statistics. This particular study indicates that there is still hope in the elimination of this problematic issue of hate crime. The study will mostly give updated version of how much the number of victimization is reducing significantly. The main target of such a study in determining the extent of the basal rate of hate victimization is the sensitization behaviors than the conventional physical case reports (Saucier et al., 2006). Looking at the reports, the rate at which victims reported about hate crime to the authorities has significantly increased in the event of police lack of confidentiality. The victims are finding it hard reporting such cases as the perpetrators are just released after some days and their mission is to physically harass the same victim or torment them more.

Using the fisher’s test which is a rather traditional method, the results were incomplete and the need for a more updated system was the motive and therefore opting to use the robust binomial experiments. Using these tests, the control of the procedure becomes simple and more precise. These protocols now revealed that there are higher rates of the verbal threats which involve violence, spitting, throwing of objects, sexual harassment, the police assaults, car stealing, property destruction and theft, burglary and physical assaults are optimal. These statistics are basically measured in relation to the degree of the seriousness of the matter of being victimized. Individuals who dared to fill out the questionnaire forms were faced with the challenge of filling in details which they knew would only add on their pain as nobody will act accordingly (Saucier et al., 2006). This report shows that the hate crime will be concerned with answering the questions very truthfully and genuinely even under the police protection. In his case, most prefer to hide their victim status. From such a case, it is most certain that mostly the students may have some underreported number of victim hate crime which was never solved effectively. With this kind of concern, the students had more confidence in this system as this showed some privacy in determining the best solutions.

The students had the confidence that their status was private and that there would never be a case where the name would be identified by others. In racial disparities reporting, there are any limitations which hinder the delivery of the best responses in an analysis. Unlike using the unmatched count techniques, the national council for victimization survey gives the scholars the privilege of viewing the differences in the victimization reports (Zaykowski, 2010). While the groups of the involved parties can significantly add to the experiences of the victims of such cases where most cases have been brought forward with the ideology of having a lasting solution. On this note, the future reports should include an evaluation of the various factors which can contribute to the victimization of the families of the victims and the possibility of police protection or the community concerned change. Victims reporting will continue to remain a very important area of consideration and should have a legal concept of the hate crime (Saucier et al., 2006). The ideology where the victims are willing to speak up against the hate crimes done on them continues to reflect what extent the hate crimes laws can be effective on their part.

 

References

Rayburn, N. R., Earleywine, M., & Davison, G. C. (2003). Base rates of hate crime victimization among college students. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 18(10), 1209-1221.

Saucier, D. A., Brown, T. L., Mitchell, R. C., & Cawman, A. J. (2006). Effects of victims' characteristics on attitudes toward hate crimes. Journal of interpersonal violence, 21(7), 890-909.

Zaykowski, H. (2010). Racial disparities in hate crime reporting. Violence and victims, 25(3), 378-394.