Part 1

1. Windshield Survey and description of the selected community
   • What time of the day and using what means of transportation did you survey your community?

It is 12 o’clock. I used motorbike as the means of transportation

• What are your community's:
  Geographical boundaries?

Manteca California is located at latitude 37.80 and longitude -121.22
         b. Characteristics of people on the street?

The majority of the people found on the Manteca Street consist of veterans and other foreign born persons.
         c. Appearance of housing, stores, and street environments?

 The Manteca City has decent housing units and stores which is also coupled with tidy street environments.
         d. Availability of necessary services (groceries, healthcare)?

All over the city, there are various facilities, for instance groceries and healthcare institutions that offer necessary services to people living within the city and to those who come as visitors.
         e. Availability of public transportation?

 Throughout the city of Manteca, there are several means of transportation raging from bicycles, motorbikes, cars, buses, and so on. All these means of transportation is available at anytime anywhere
         f. Overall "feel" of the community?

Living in the city of Manteca is overwhelming taking into consideration the availability of the necessary basic needs and other recreational facilities. The people of Manteca city are also social and ready to help anybody regardless of his or her ethnicity.

2. Use appropriate sources such as city or county government websites to gather statistical data for your community. Please look at types of household (e.g., single person, family), employment, major causes of morbidity (illness) and mortality (death), and any other statistical information you find relevant and informative. Cite the source of your data

     In Manteca city, married families occupy 56.2% of the housing units, with single persons occupying 19.8% of the housing unity (male 6.7% and female 13.1&). Non family members occupy 24.1% percent of the entire housing units located within the city boundaries. On the other hand, the main causes of morbidity and mortality rates in the city include things like lung cancer, diabetes, and obesity, lack of access to healthcare, and poor nutrition. The rate of employment is about 55.6% and the unemployment rate is 10.1%. This totals to 62% percent of the workforce participation (City-data.com, 2019). 

3. Differentiate between existing community-based and community-oriented nursing practice roles in your community and describe at least one core public health nursing function that is performed

     In the city of Manteca, the role of community based nursing entail incorporating evidence based studies that are aimed at providing healthcare based on evidence and science. In so doing, the idea here involve determining the socioeconomic and cultural requirements of the community (Stanthope  & Lancaster, 2014). On the other hand, the objective of community-oriented nursing practice entails enhancing health education; health promotion, ailment prevention, as well as coordinating health for all the members of the Manteca community.  

4. Identify one each of primary, secondary, and tertiary levels of prevention interventions performed by nurses or health care professionals in your community

Primary- the prevention intervention performed by nurses at this level involves immunization against communicable ailments, educating the community about healthy eating habits, and controlling the use of dangerous products.

Secondary – at this level, the prevention intervention performed by nurses involve the provision of regular examinations and screening tests to individuals for the purpose of detecting diseases as well as encouraging the use of personal strategies that can aid in preventing injuries. This also will take into account the implementation of programs that revives the community to their original health status

Tertiary – at this level, the prevention intervention performed by nurses involve softening the impacts of the ongoing diseases or injury that induces a long lasting effects. This in return has the ability of improving the quality of their life as well as the community’s life expectancy (Lundy & Janes, 2009). 

5. Using Healthy People 2020 health goals and objectives as a framework, analyze your community for physical and psychosocial health needs. Describe at least 2 health needs based on Healthy People 2020 goals.
6. a) With the Healthy People 2020, its objective to the people of Manteca city involves the attainment of high quality and longer lives that is free of preventable ailments, premature deaths, disabilities, and injuries
7. b) Establishment of physical and social environment that aid in promoting good health for all the residents of Manteca city (Institute of Medicine, 2011). 
8. Describe how at least one of the following ethical principles (autonomy, social justice, non malfeasance, and beneficence) can be applied to nursing care of vulnerable populations in your community.

     In nursing, the application of autonomy necessitates the need of ensuring that nurses have gained competency in their field as well as having the audacity to take charge is any situation in which they are responsible. This is to imply that they need to have freedom of making concrete clinical judgments in any situation (Stanthope  & Lancaster, 2014).

Part 2

1. Windshield Survey and description of the selected community. 
   • When and how did you survey the community?

My survey was conducted on Wednesday 1^st 2019 at 12 o’clock. I used a motorbike as the best means maneuvering around the city.

• Description should include community's geographical boundaries; characteristics of people on the street; appearance of housing, stores, and street environments; availability of necessary services (groceries, health care); public transportation; overall feel of the community.

          Manteca California is located at latitude 37.80 and longitude -121.22. The Manteca City has decent housing units and stores which is also coupled with tidy street environments. All over the city, there are various facilities, for instance, groceries and healthcare institutions that offer essential services to people living within the city and to those who come as visitors. Throughout the city of Manteca, there are several means of transportation raging from bicycles, motorbikes, cars, buses, and so on. All these means of transportation is available at anytime anywhere.

2. At least one key informant interview.
   • Meet with at least one community member who will support your assessment. Conduct a focused conversation about your community problem for which the key informant may have particular insight. For example, if the community problem you are looking at is the lack of after-school programs in a school district, your key informants could be a teacher, school principal, school district superintendent, or parent.

         Lack of after-school programs- during my interview with the school principal, it was evident that the majority of the children lack the opportunity of accessing after-school programs just because of the lack of finances. Another reason for that is because after-school facilities are located far away from their area of residence which makes parents to be more concerned about the safety of their children.  Likewise, although some parents cannot manage to afford the fees charged, it becomes impossible for some schools within the community to open for longer times as well as transform their facilities into offering after-school programs. The lack of lack of necessary resources required to sustain the provision of after-school programs also hinders children from accessing such activities (Armstrong & Schmidt, 2013). 

• Summarize each interview in one paragraph, providing the name and qualifications or role of the key informant as it relates to your community problem.  

         The role of the school principal entails the provision of strategic directions and guidelines in the school system.  Ideally, he takes the responsibility of developing standardized teaching curriculum, assessing the availability of teaching methods, monitoring the academic excellence of students, encouraging parent participation, revising policies and procedures, administering the budget, hiring and evaluating staff performance and overseeing teaching facilities (Phillips et al., 2003).

3. Identify statistical data appropriate to the selected community.

Community healthcare management

4. Interpretation of statistical data for the specific community with comparisons to regional data.
   • How does local data demonstrate that there is a problem in the community?

         Taking into consideration the local data, one of factors that can be used to demonstrate the lack of after-school programs is the underdevelopment of facilities that enhances the provision of these programs. Some facilities, such as community parks, libraries, community centers are few and over-utilized hence leaving no room for such activities. Evidence contained in the local data also suggests that the lack of after-school programs is the parental notion that such programs offer too much inflexibility within the life of a child. Moreover, the need for assisting parents at home with various tasks, especially household chores, also hinders children from accessing these programs (Armstrong & Schmidt, 2013). 

• Does the data show that your community problem also exists on a larger (state or national) level? What implications does this have for problem identification and intervention?

         According to the data collected, it is evident that this problem ultimately persists on a national level. The implication of this is that such programs can either be conducted inside or outside the school setting. Furthermore, what was noted is the fact that after-school program have the potential of improving the test scores of students, homework completion, improve the academic attitude of learners, and so on. Despite that, the failure of the community to understand the importance of these programs is the one that has limited the extensive utilization of its capabilities within the community.

5. Statement of a population nursing diagnosis/problem using the Community Health Nursing Diagnosis structure introduced in Module 1. (5 points)

     As much as Manteca Health Nursing Diagnosis structure is concerned, what was noted is the fact that the role of ailment diagnosis within the community entail incorporating evidence based studies that are aimed at providing healthcare based on evidence and science. Ideally, the idea here involves determining the socioeconomic and cultural requirements of the community. In the process of improving their diagnostic structure, the prevention intervention that is in return performed by nurses involve the provision of regular examinations and screening tests to individuals for the purpose of detecting diseases as well as encouraging the use of personal strategies that can aid in preventing the occurrences of similar diseases (Hitchcock et al., 2003).

6. Using evidence-based research, develop a population-based, public health nursing intervention plan. 
   • Base your intervention on at least one research study. What do the findings in the literature suggest as possible solutions for your community problem?

          One of the solution for this problem entail depending on nurses to assist in educating people on how to prevent diseases before they occur through adhering to the existing evidence based disease control policies.  To make that success, this will have to take into account the need of implementing other programs that will reduce the spread of disease. Likewise, the prevention intervention performed by nurses involve coming up with clinical healthcare means that has ability of improving the quality of their life as well as the community’s life expectancy (Holzemer & Klainberg, 2013). 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

                             References

Armstrong, L., & Schmidt, C. A. (2013). Great afterschool programs and spaces that wow!. St. Paul, MN : Redleaf Press

City-data.com. (2019). Manteca, California (CA 95336, 95337) profile: population, maps, real estate, averages, homes, statistics, relocation, travel, jobs, hospitals, schools, crime, moving, houses, news, sex offenders. [online] Available at: http://www.city-data.com/city/Manteca-California.html [Accessed 23 May 2019].

Hitchcock, J. E., Schubert, P. E., & Thomas, S. A. (2003). Community health nursing: Caring in action. Clifton Park, NY: Thomson/Delmar Learning.

Holzemer, S. P., & Klainberg, M. B. (2013). Community health nursing: An alliance for health. Jones & Bartlett Learning

Institute of Medicine. (2011). Leading health indicators for healthy people 2020: Letter report. Washington, D.C: National Academies Press.

Lundy, K. S., & Janes, S. (2009). Community health nursing: Caring for the public's health. Sudbury, Mass: Jones and Bartlett Publishers.

Phillips, S., Renihan, P. J., Raham, H., & Society for the Advancement of Excellence in Education. (2003). The role of the school principal: Present status and future challenges in managing effective schools. Kelowna, B.C: Society for the Advancement of Excellence in Education.

Stanthope M. & Lancaster, J. (2014). Foundations of nursing in the community: Community-oriented practice. (4th Edition). St. Louis, MO:  Elsevier  Saunders.