Final exam 1

Answer 1 unit 5

Leadership is an exercise that involves guiding, directing or controlling a group of people. Therefore a leadership is supposed to motivate and inspire a group of individuals toward achieving a certain goal. Effective leadership focuses on the ability of leader’s ideas whether they are derived or original, to be communicated effectively and directed towards achieving a certain aim. Leadership is needed to alter situations and bring better changes in any environment. Hence leadership is often realized when one individual in a group comes up with better a perspective and ways of doing things.

The roles of leadership are very different but in the end, they achieve the same objective. It helps to evaluate and analyze decision making to facilitate good judgment that will eventually lead the team to success. Leaders have a lot of responsibilities and people look up to them to bring solutions to the table therefore they have to be good managers. The quality of a leader that allows him or her to relate to the people is vital in gaining their trust and building a fundamental ground of respect that can be channeled into achieving objectives. This simply means one has to get along with the people he leads .Leaders are in charge of influencing the people they lead through mentorship and supervision as they carry out their duties .Leaders should be very mindful people and form meaningful relationships that will enable transparency and accountability. Also, the legacy of a leader is reflected on the people he leads than what he actually achieves as an individual. To inspire and motivate the people a leader rules over requires knowledge of their personal lives and acknowledging that everyone is unique in their own personal way.

Line managers should have similar characteristics as those of a leader. They should possess all the leadership traits. When a manager possess the qualities of a leader it gives him the opportunity to come up with strategies that will promote the efforts and success of all the workers. This will in turn give the organization competitive advantage .Leadership qualities of a manager have the ability to impact and empower all workers and join their forces to form a team that achieves each and every objective of an organization. A good leader listens to everyone and communicates back in an effective skillful way that communicates what he intends to do to make a better future not only for a company but for the workers as well.

Answer-2

Malow hierarchy of need is a theory that focuses on ambition and inspiration. It is made up of five categories of human beings’ needs which is often illustrated on a pyramid. Therefore this hierarchy offers psychology, security, friendliness, reverence for oneself and personal needs. The five step model can be divided into inadequate needs and progressive needs and the top is identified as growth or progress needs.

Deficiency or inadequate needs com about as a result of deprivation and  they motivate individuals whenever they are not realized .Also the inspiration to achieve these needs grows with time until the needs are fulfilled .For instance lack of food brings hunger. Hunger  persists so long as there is no food.

When a deficit requirement is partially fulfilled, it flees away and other personal habits are more centered towards the next need that needs to be satisfied. These results to salient requirements. Psychological is defined as the most important human requirements; demand for a biological sustenance; want for sheltering, feeding and drinking and material things. Frederick Hertzberg had a very unique perspective in terms of evaluating and analyzing the connection between personal requirements and inspiration or motivation. He commenced by telling employees to record time intervals within which they were abnormally positive  about their professions and the time intervals within which  they had as negative  opinion about their profession. The outcome of these study is elaborated using a two factor approach otherwise known as an inspiration. The hygiene approach analyses two contrasting items as prime sources for professional fulfilment and profession discontent .The two factor approach suggested by Hertzberg recognizes the job circumstances as a cause of profession discontent and profession content as a cause profession fulfillment. Hygiene determinants are causes of professional discontent and they are correlated with the job circumstance or surrounding. This means that they reveal and impact more on the surrounding in which workers dwell and work than the actual work itself. When hygiene determinants are in a sorry state, profession discontent is at an all-time high. The key factor is improvement of hygiene determinants so that profession or job discontent may decrease. Although low salaries can bring dissatisfaction, increasing the salary does not simply means that workers will become more motivated and contented. Examples of hygiene determinants that cause job discontent are: company policies, quality and type of management, the state of the working environment, basic salary, social association between workers, and relationship between subordinates, ranks and security. On the other hand motivator determinants in job contention impact job fulfillment: achieving objectives and ranks and the work itself.

Stacy Adams came up with an equality approach that argues that all causes of inequality are motivated by a mode of being or condition of an individual’s mind. This simply means that people conduct themselves in a manner that promotes and maintain equity. In other words anything that harbors inequality will not be maintained by people .Equity approach is solely founded on social comparison. Social comparison explains that one will engage with people when he or she is treated fairly and equally.

Answer 3

Deema’s director should advise her to develop a culture that encourages good social relationship. Positive social ties reduce stress related to work and inspires a worker to continue carrying her duties. Therefore, managers with good social and friendly skills are likely to impact and influence the work environment into a more vibrant environment free from tension and stress. A good work space can retain talented and hardworking personnel as it identifies, monitors and closely supervises their work output.

A manager should focus their efforts into ensuring that the working atmosphere promotes a peace of mind that will give out productive work output to the organization.

Answer 4unit 10

The six fundamental principles of persuasion that Faisal should apply are:

Liking: individual by nature tend to like other people who like them as much as they do. As a leader one is in a better position to convince people that like him. Dwelling on similarities creates a feeling of appreciation since no one feels left out by the leader. This in turn creates a platform that allows the leader to appreciate all the people. Appreciating all people makes all the people to like a leader.

Reciprocity: most people often offers the same generosity in response to an act of kindness offered to them. Managers can influence a group of people by the manner in which they act. How they conduct themselves will reflect on the workers. Therefore action and reaction are the same.

Social proof: individuals are often influenced by what their peers do. Persuasion is highly effective when it comes from one of the group members than from an outside individual.

Consistency: people will often decide to commit to things that are familiar to them and promote their personal ideals. Hence it is important to try and relate objectives to other factors that people hold dear.

Authority: Action plans need to be simplified so that other people can be given a chance to understand them and have an opinion about them.

Scarcity: It is natural for people to desire things that they do not abundantly have. This can be used to persuade individuals to behave in a manner that will enable them to secure limited resources.

Answer 5

The functions of Ayman as a leader is to ensure `that the organization is operational and can come up with a strategic plan that will select, inspire and achieve set  objectives .In addition to this it will establish and impact a working culture among members of the organization. To achieve this he should be knowledgeable and come up with an action plan that will guide him in making decisions and communicating effectively to each and every worker.

Answer 6

Listening: to gain insight and knowledge

Beginning: articulation of ideas into actions

Focus: putting all efforts on objectives.

Being sensitive and paying attention to details that will assist one realize their goal add ignore sideshows during negotiating.

Focusing on guarding reputation during negotiation in order to build a good image.

Answer 7

Mr. Granger’s perspective should be utilized to establish a robust culture. Within a robust culture, principles and core values of the organization are prioritized and shared among all the people. The more workers embrace the values and principles, the more the culture progresses and is developed in an organization. This leads to a good behavior due to the shared values that guides people. Hence promotes order.

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Answer 8

Categorizing members should be done through engagement .Members that are inspired and committed to their duties and those who are not committed and motivated. For members who are less committed or engaged in their work, he should find the underlying cause and try and convince them according to their interests .Members who are more engaged should be encouraged more and given access to more motivation.

Answer 9

People who receive bribe expect to a favor in return. Bribes are usually higher than people’s salaries or gifts. Gifts are not used to sway any decision and no one expects any favors when they give a gift.

Lena should come to terms with the cultural variations. Cultures vary more as one moves from one country to another country. She should put aside her cultural differences and be more flexible to avert any losses and challenges that may extend to the subsidiary.

Effective communication can be hindered by cross cultural differences. Hence one should be careful when communicating to individuals of a different culture .Also, cultural assumptions should questioned. General language should be encouraged and fostered to create understanding between different cultures.