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Paper Instructions:

You may choose any country in the world, from San Marino to South Korea, but I would be thoughtful in your choice. It will be easier to track down information on Brazil than it will be to find information on Brunei. If you have some other type of political unit in mind that you would like to research, maybe a supranational organization like the European Union or subnational political unit like Scotland, please talk to me first. I am open to modifying what type of political unit you research, but any modifications are subject to approval on a case-by-case basis.

You may choose any aspect of food policy to research for your chosen country. You may choose from the types of issues covered in this class, for instance, the Green Revolution/technological changes or land policy, or issues that we do not cover in particular detail, such as food labeling standards or agricultural input subsidies. You may choose to write about a single aspect of food policy or combine multiple, but I suspect it will be easier for you to limit your scope to either a single issue or a couple of closely related issues.

Good project will be able to summarize the country's current policy, describe the process leading to the creation of current policies, analyze the relative winners and losers of the policy, assess the consequences of alternative policy options, and offer an informed prediction of what future policies your chosen country might pursue. You may draw from course materials to analyze how different political institutions, such as organized interest groups or electoral systems, help us understand why your chosen country has selected this policy and not some alternative. You could analyze the relative winners and losers of the current status quo, and what efforts these groups have made to either maintain or change the status quo. 

You are responsible for two deliverables associated with this project.

First, you must upload a short (3-5 minute) presentation to Canvas about your project. You likely will not be able to cover all of your research, so part of the challenge will be figuring out what material you need to present and what material can be left out. The presentation is due on Thursday, July 30th.
Second, you will write-up your research into a 5-7 page (double spaced) report. You should cite your sources and include a works cited/references page (which will not count towards your page total, neither will a cover page). You will be graded on both content and quality of your research, and your ability to write a polished report. Reports should summarize and synthesize the relevant information relevant to your chosen country and food policies, describe how and why these policies were created,  analyze the relative winners and losers of the chosen policies (and what they are doing to keep/change this policy), and discuss alternative policies and the likelihood your country will change policy. I encourage you to be analytical in writing your report and to draw from course material as necessary.

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Paper Instructions:

Final Assignment: Presentation to the Mayor

The Chief of police has asked you to create a PowerPoint presentation based on the research findings. Your presentation consists of the current and future criminal justice technology, examples and the benefits to your department.

Create a 7-9 slide PowerPoint Presentation incorporating speaker notes that you and your team would present to the Mayor’s Committee for approval to purchase future technology for your Department. Convince Mayor Taylor that he should approve the funds for your precinct to purchase new equipment by analyzing the future of information technology in the criminal justice system.

Be sure to address the following:

Explain the impact of information technology on the criminal justice system. You may choose police, courts or corrections. (What are the future trends and/or types of technology?)
Choose three or more examples of how information technology in criminal justice will help the city in the future. (This could be police, courts or corrections in the field a look towards the future.)
Describe how information technology can impact policing in the future. (What are some examples of the impact?)
Analyze three current advancements in technology that the criminal justice system has implemented and how this technology has aided the criminal justice system in either solving crime or related to police, courts or corrections.
Justify the technology that you choose (crime mapping,)
The PowerPoint presentation should have the following characteristics:

Bullets for your main points.
Must include speaker notes to fully explain what is being discussed in the slide bullet points as though you are presenting to an audience.
Contains a title and references slide.
Research from at least two reliable sources to support the main message, including graphics.

NOTE: Sources should be from beyond the course material. Locate relevant information related to three or more ways in which information technology may be used in the criminal justice system in the future and demonstrate the ability to distinguish between relevant and irrelevant information associated to the technology of the future.
Research and visuals are cited in APA citation format, both in-text and on a References slide. You need to quote material taken directly from a source. The same standards for documenting sources that apply to an essay, apply to a presentation. Go to the APA Style® Central website for a digital library of APA Style quick guides and tutorials to refine your writing.
Designed with a live audience in mind in order to inform your viewers about the topic.

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Paper Instructions:

discussion minimum 100 words Book- Chapter 10 Fifth Amendment - Constitutional Law Criminal Justice System 6th edition, J.Scott Harr 2014

While on patrol at 8 p.m. in a residential area of Phoenix, Arizona, Officer Parks noticed two individuals, Ash and Jay, walking down the sidewalk with a laptop computer.  Because he had recently received a rash of burglary reports, Officer Parks circled the block.  When Ash and Jay noticed that Officer Parks was returning, they quickly turned off the street into an alleyway.  Officer Parks followed them, approached the two, and asked them to stop so he could talk to them.  Both of them stopped.  Officer Parks asked what they were doing with the laptop.  Ash said that it belonged to his sister and that she let him borrow it.  Officer Parks said he did not believe him, handcuffed both Ash and Jay, and took them to the police station in his patrol car.

At the station, Parks found marks identifying the laptop as belonging to Tom Smith.  A telephone call to Smith indicated that the laptop had just been stolen from Tom's house.  After giving Miranda warnings to Jay, and securing a proper waiver of those rights from Jay, Parks then questioned Jay. 

Jay said, "You know, Ash is the biggest burglar in town.  He broke into the house and took the laptop and has done over 50 burglaries that I know of."  Ash and Jay have each been charged with the burglary of Smith's home.  Ash has asked the court to suppress as evidence the laptop and the statement by Jay. 

Discuss whether you think either the laptop, the statement by Jay, or both should be suppressed based on the exclusionary rule.  Explain fully your answer and in answering discuss the application of the Fourth and Fifth Amendments to your answer.

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Paper Instructions:

Part one of the research paper requires you to submit your topic for review and approval by your instructor. You must identify a domestic pre-9/11 terrorist event and a domestic post-9/11 terrorist event that will be the focus of your research paper.

Note: The two terrorist events that are selected must have occurred at least five years apart. In addition to identifying the
two terrorist events that will serve as the basis for the research paper, you must provide a brief description that explains
why you believe the selected events will serve as a good comparison for evaluating how terrorist activities have evolved
over time.

The research paper topic should be no more than one page in length, using Times New Roman 12-point font, double-spaced

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Paper Instructions:

Instructions
You are a management analyst that is tasked with writing the drug court section for the annual report. In this section, you will discuss the issues that were identified and the goals and implementation strategies needed to address the problem. Please use scholarly research on evidence-based practices in drug court research to justify your implementation strategies. Also, please discuss the grant award that was received and outline how the additional funding enhanced the intervention. In addition, you are to discuss evaluation strategies to assess the effectiveness of the intervention. In addition, please evaluate what goals have been met and what issues still need to be addressed.

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Paper Instructions:

Communicating Research Results
Identifying the audience for program evaluation is a challenging but essential skill. Different audiences will have different needs and interpret findings in various ways. It is vital that researchers know their intended audience and what their audience needs from the presentation of research. Some audiences respond better to visual presentations. Others respond better to statistics. Chapter 16 in your course text suggests a five-step procedure for audience analysis that may be helpful in properly identifying the needs of your audience.

While audiences may differ, one of the most effective ways to communicate with audiences is to clearly explain how the research was conducted and emphasize the most important findings from an objective and neutral point of view. While you may alter the presentation of results to better communicate with your audience, you must never change the results to accommodate them.

To prepare for this Discussion:

Review Chapter 16 in your textbook, paying particular attention to the different audiences discussed in the reading.
Think about the evaluation design you used to evaluate the program, problem, or policy you selected for your Final Evaluation Design (Final Project).
Think about the potential audiences for your Final Evaluation Design.
Consider how you would present your results effectively so these potential audiences understand and appreciate them.
Post by Day 3 a description of the intended audience for your Final Evaluation Design. Explain the strategies you would use to present your results.

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Paper Instructions:

Inferential Statistics and Measures of Association
One of the primary areas of focus for research and evaluation in public and nonprofit sectors is exploring the relationship between variables. For example, as a public administrator, you might be interested in determining the effectiveness of a public program. To do this, you would explore the relationship between the program and its intended outcome. Consider a program intended to reduce homelessness. You would need to reduce the number or percentage of citizens who lack suitable housing in order to be considered successful. Sometimes, you might need to consider additional variables in assessing the success of the homelessness program. In this case, measures of association and inferential statistics can help you sort out these types of relationships.

There are many types of inferential statistics (e.g., t-tests for independent samples means, t-tests for proportions, analysis of variance, etc.) and many types of measures of association (e.g., Lambda, Gamma, and Pearson’s r, etc.). A skilled researcher must have the ability to select the most appropriate statistic for a given situation. As noted in your course text, selecting the appropriate statistic is based on the purpose of the research, the measurement level of the variables, the measure’s sensitivity, and the researcher’s familiarity with the statistic. Therefore, there is no “perfect” statistic. Instead, you must determine the “most appropriate” statistic for your research.

To prepare for this Discussion, review Chapters 13 and 15 in your course text, paying particular attention to the selection and use of inferential statistics and measures of association. Review the four criteria for selecting the best measure, keeping in mind the purpose for which you might use measures of association. Finally, think about which inferential statistics and measures of association you might use in your Final Evaluation Design (Final Project) to answer your research question. Use the four criteria to help you make a selection.

Post by Day 4 a description of the inferential statistics and measures of association that would be most appropriate for your evaluation and answer your research question. Explain how you would use them, and justify why these statistics and measures are most appropriate for your Final Evaluation Design (Final Project).

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Paper Instructions:

Applying Regression to Research and Evaluation
Because public and nonprofit administrators operate in a complex world, they often ask research questions that can be answered with multiple explanations. Multiple explanations for an outcome require multiple independent variables. As a reminder, independent variables are those that influence the outcome or dependent variable. For example, consider research designed to explain why some students earn good grades in Applied Research and Evaluation, while others do not. Perhaps one independent variable, such as time spent studying, explains good grades versus poor grades (dependent variable). However, it is more likely that many independent variables are involved. It could be that time spent studying, along with previous experience taking a research methods course, and the amount of time spent at a job, contributes to the explanation. Simple associational research, such as the research you considered in Week 9, overlooks the complexity of multiple variables because it focuses only on one independent variable.

Explanations that involve multiple independent variables are better served by approaches such as OLS regression or binary logistic regression analysis. The choice often depends on the nature of the dependent variable. An interval dependent variable may lead you to choose OLS regression, while a nominal dependent variable may require binary logistic regression. OLS is a simple, yet limited approach to regression. You must assume that variables are related in a linear fashion, and the dependent variable must be somewhat interval in nature. Research does not always present interval-dependent variables. There are situations, however, in which dependent variables are more nominal in nature. Assume that you want to predict the likelihood of an individual leaving the organization in the next six months. The dependent variable in this example would be nominal (either he/she leaves or he/she does not). OLS regression would not work in this situation, so you would need another type of regression, known as binary logistic regression. There is no “perfect” approach to regression analysis. Rather, you must select the “most appropriate” type of analysis, depending on the purpose of your research and the types of variables you are examining.

Review the Learning Resources for this week. Consider how regression analysis (OLS and binary logistic) could apply to your Final Evaluation Design (Final Project) to help answer your research question.

Post by Day 4 an explanation of whether OLS regression or binary logistic regression is more appropriate to evaluate the program, problem, or policy you selected for your Evaluation Design. Explain how you would use the selected analysis, and justify why this type of regression analysis is most appropriate.

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Paper Instructions:

Descriptive Statistics
Descriptive statistics provide a snapshot of variables. They describe quantitative data by presenting the average or typical case. These types of descriptive statistics are called measures of central tendency. You can also describe data by showing how much the cases are spread out or clustered together. These types of statistics are called measures of dispersion. Measures of central tendency and measures of dispersions can be useful descriptors on their own, or they can be used as “building blocks” for more advanced statistics.

Neither approach (measures of central tendency or measures of dispersion) is superior to the other. They are often used in combination with each other to provide a fuller description of variables. For this week’s Discussion, you will consider which type of descriptive statistics (measures of central tendency or measures of dispersion) would be useful in describing the information you need to evaluate the program, problem, or policy you selected for your Final Project.

For this Discussion:

Review Chapter 12 in your course text, Research Methods for Public Administrators, paying particular attention to the section on “Characteristics of a Distribution.”
Review the article, “Introduction to Descriptive Statistics,” paying particular attention to examples of descriptive statistics.
Think of a specific purpose(s) for using descriptive statistics in your selected organization.
Consider why descriptive statistics would be used for this purpose(s).
Consider the type(s) of descriptive statistics you might use, and whether the use of other descriptive statistics, might be valuable for this purpose.
Review the Learning Resources for this week. Consider the types of descriptive statistics that would help answer your research question.

Post by Day 4 a description of the descriptive statistics that might work well for the Evaluation Design in your Final Project. Explain how these statistics could be used, and justify why they are appropriate.

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Paper Instructions:

Write a paper discussing Mendelsohn’s theory of victimization and the issue of victim blaming. Your paper must include a discussion of the five factors discussed in Opportunity Theory, as well as Mendelsohn’s typology of victims. Your discussion of victim blaming should include an overview of this issue in victimology (not simply a personal opinion or a brief definition) and an examination of how it relates to Mendelsohn’s theory.

It is expected that you will conduct a literature review for this assignment and that your paper will reference studies or other scholarly sources in addition to the textbook. To be clear, you cannot rely solely on the textbook for this assignment. Wikipedia or similar Internet sources will not be accepted as scholarly sources of information in this course. You must use APA formatting for your references.

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Paper Instructions:

If negative labels are damaging, do positive ones help insulate children from crime-producing forces in their environment? Has a positive label ever changed your life? Explain. Support your response with textual evidence from your readings.

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Paper Instructions:

Could “relative deprivation” produce crime among college educated, white-collar workers? Support your response with textual evidence from your readings.

Please reference to the source attached 

Standard essay format - intro, body, and conclusion.