Comparison between Paraguay and Philippines
Introduction
This paper will evaluate the comparison between Paraguay and Philippines using different measures of human development.
- Human Development index
This is an estimate used to evaluate the long term advancement of a country in human development in terms of an extended and healthy life, ingress to knowledge and satisfactory living standards. In 2016, the Paraguay’s HDI was 0.699 ranking it in the high human development classification. Betwixt 1990 and 2016, the HDI recorded a 21% increase from 0.580-0.702. In Philippines, the HDI estimate value in the same year was 0.699 ranking the country in the medium HDI classification. Between 1990 and 2016, Philippines recorded a 19.3% rise in the HDI value from 0.586-0.699.
- Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index (IHDI)
This is primarily the value of discounted HDI. A decline in the human development is expressed by a percentage of the difference between the Human Development Index and the IHDI. As this inequality rises, the decline in the human development consequently rises. In 2016, Paraguay’s HDI value was 0.522 indicating a 25.5% loss as result of inequalities in the dissemination of the HDI indicators ranking it in the medium HDI nations. In Philippines, the value of the HDI was 0.574 reflecting a 17.9% loss as a result of inequalities in the dissemination of HDI measurement indices ranking it in the lower HDI nations.
- Gender-related Human Index (GII)
The GII is a measure of the inequalities in gender in relation to empowerment, economic activities and reproductive health. In 2016, the value of GII in Philippines was 0.427 placing it at position 97 among the 160 nations. In this year, women held 29.1% of the parliamentary seats and up to 76.6 of the adult women were recorded to have reached atleast the education’s secondary level. In the same year, the GII in Paraquay was estimated at 0.467. 16% of the parliamentary positions were held by women, 47% of adult women reported to have reached the education’s secondary level differentiated with 49.2% male counterparts. In the same year, 1,000 out of 100,000 of women aged 15-19 reported adolescent births with 132 dieing due to pregnancy complication. In the labor market 56.6% are women and 83.9% men.
- Gender Development Index (GDI)
This is an index that defines the ratio of the female to male HDI. It evaluates the gender based inequalities achievements in health, education and the control over economic activities. The female HDI value in Philippines was 0.699 compared to 0.698 males HDI indicating a 1.000 GDI value. In Paraguay, in the same year, the value of the female HDI was 0.690 compared to 0.710 males indicating a 0.972 GDI value.
- Multidimensional Poverty Index
This is the population’s percentage that is poor multidimensionally modified by the magnitude of the deprivations. It shows the size of the population living in deprivation and the degree of deprivations. Between 2000 and2016, the value of the multidimensional poverty in Paraguay reduced by a 9.2% annual average rate from 58% in 2000 to 17% in 2016. In 2016, approximately 7% of the population was living under multidimensional poverty. In 2016, the MPI in Paraquay was estimated at 0.019. The intensity of this deprivation, which reflects the average deprivation rate experienced by the society in multidimensional poverty was 41.9%.
In Philippinnes, the MPI was estimated at 23.9 percent. Between 2000 and 2016, this index reduced from 47% in 2000 to 9% in 2016 indicating an improvement in the HDI.
Conclusion
It is worth noting that the HDI alone is not a reliable measure of human development.
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References
United Nations Development Programme, Human Development Reports,2019. http://hdr.undp.org/en/data
