Video Gaming Is Bad

 STAGE 2: TEMPLATE & GUIDELINES

Introduction

Video gaming is something that have become very common in the world today most especially because of the advancement in technology. Almost every person has played a video game at one time in their life whether it is on their computer or their mobile device (Shin & Ahn, 2013). There have been many debates that come up with the argument on the effects that video games have on the players and the society at argue. There are those that believe that video games positively impact on the players in regard to helping improve both social and educative skills most especially for the young people. There are others who argue against this, illustrating that video gaming is destructing in nature and it has negative effects on the players.

My Claim  

I believe that video games are destructive in nature and they are should not be permitted most especially to the children because of the negative mental and overall health effects that they have on the players and also because of the mental effects.

Importance

Video gaming is a common habit that has come to be adopted by societies all over the world not considering the negative effects that these games have on the players and the society at large (Shin & Ahn, 2013). The society looks at video gaming as just an element of technology that they use ease their life activities which are an inappropriate way of thinking. People need to understand the side effects of playing these video games so that they can try and minimize on the habit.

Reason 1

Video gaming has very negative health effects especially when too much time is taken playing these games (Misawa et al., 1991).

Details

Playing the games requires one to sit behind the computer for hours paying the games which could cause major eye problems. The blue light from the screen of the computer or the phone can decrease contrast thus leading to digital eye strain and in the overall causing damage to the Retina and hence vision problems (Misawa et al., 1991).

Counter-arguments to my reason

There are those that will argue against this claim illustrating that this effect only happens to the people who spend too much playing the video games.

Rebuttal

What people do not understand is that playing of video games is something that is very involving and it takes a lot of people’s time as well as focus which means that an individual that meant to take just twenty minutes playing, may end up spending more than three hours behind the computer playing the game.

Reason 2

Playing of video games is something that is very involving and at the same time mental draining (Shin & Ahn, 2013).

Details

This means that one’s brain is normally so involved in playing the game that they do not consider completing other duties that can help shape their life (Shin & Ahn, 2013).

Counter-arguments to my reason

There are those that may argue that this is wrong because playing of video games is just for fun and people do it just to get rid of boredom.

Rebuttal

What these people do not understand is that some a habit is not something immediate. This is something that is progressive in nature and it can basically be described to be a developing illness that takes some time before it becomes visible (Shin & Ahn, 2013).

Reason 3

Video gaming lead to poor work or academic performances for the players

Details

Playing of video games is something that takes a lot of time for the players and this means that these people have little time to concentrate on other important matters such as school work or even work projects because every single free time they get is spent video gaming (Skoric et al., 2009).

Counter-arguments to my reason

Arguments in denial of these may be made in reference that video gaming is just a leisure activity that people can differentiate from the serious normal work or academic life.

Rebuttal

What is not understood is that once an individual begin playing video games, they become addictive and they do not consider dealing with other issues in their daily lives that require their attention (Skoric et al., 2009).

Connections

The world today has greatly changed and everything is linked to technology. Video gaming have become so commonly adopted because it is a virtual and involving of entertainment (Skoric et al., 2009). It motivates individuals to be imaginative and this excites them causing them to become addicted to the game and hence the negative effects that come with playing.

Conclusion

Video gaming is an issue that the society does not want to consider because they want to believe that playing of these games is much more beneficial to the world. Playing of video games ones in a while is not wrong because it is a leisure activity. The problem comes with the fact that people become so indulged in the video games and they forget to acknowledge the important matters of life. This overindulgence is what leads to health problems, poor work and academic performances which basically affect their productivity in the society.

Citations

Misawa, T., Shigeta, S., & Nojima, S. (1991). Effects of video games on visual function in

children. Nippon Eiseigaku Zasshi (Japanese Journal of Hygiene), 45(6), 1029-1034. doi:10.1265/jjh.45.1029

Skoric, M. M., Teo, L. L. C., & Neo, R. L. (2009). Children and Video Games: Addiction, Engagement, and Scholastic Achievement. CyberPsychology & Behavior, 12(5), 567–572. https://doi.org/10.1089/cpb.2009.0079

Shin, D.-H., & Ahn, D. (2013). Associations Between Game Use and Cognitive Empathy: A Cross-Generational Study. CyberPsychology, Behavior & Social Networking, 16(8), 599–603. https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2012.0639

 Effectiveness of E-learning

E-learning, also known as web-based learning or online dating, entails the use of networked information technologies in education. E-learning does not involve classroom attendance, learners and instructors can operate while at different locations. Distance learning courses are one of the most common forms of E-learning. Higher education institutions upload learning resources online for the learners to easily access the materials and complete tasks given by the lecturer. The rapid growth of the Information technology industry makes online learning an option in many fields. E-learning makes it possible to share learning materials in formats like slideshows, Microsoft words, videos, and PDF. Also, learning takes place through live online classes and chatting with professors. Many researchers encourage internet learning as it saves time and energy for those students living in isolated areas away from the university. The aim of this review will analyze the effectiveness and impact of e-learning as compared to traditional classroom learning in the education sectors.

The internet was introduced into the communication world in the early 90s and it has rapid growth. In 2003, the number of users had reached half a billion. The spread of internet had reached 76.2 percent in North America, and 28.8% in Middle East (Mason & Rennie). There is an ongoing debate in the education community on whether online learning is as effective as classroom learning. The amount of time, money and other resources dedicated to internet learning is important in judging the effects of online learning to learners. Today, e-learning is not only used in education sectors, but also in workplaces where employers use this method to offer training to the company's employees.

There are two teaching methods: conventional and distance learning method. The conventional teaching method is where the teacher and learners interact in one place and learning is teacher-centered. Traditional methods are unable to respond to the changes in the needs of society in the world of informatics (Norman, 2016). Additionally, in some courses, learning does not stop at the university, and learning continues throughout employment.  Therefore, knowledge of modern methods of learning is very essential.  Education scholars argue that knowledge of internet learning is more than a professor's scientific knowledge and information.

Second, online learning gives learners more independence. Scholar believes that for one to excel, self-determination and drive are very essential. Distance education entails technological teacher and students' separation, where learners have freedom of movement and flexible schedules. Additionally, the learner is able to start skills training and lead academic requirements at their free time due to exposure in the society, unlike in traditional classroom learning where learners have no time and are not well exposed to the outside world. According to Nichols (2003), academic independence in internet learning can lead to satisfaction and positive results. When a learner is academically satisfied, it becomes easier to apply the learned concept. Therefore, e-learning can be used to cater for the increased demand for further education because this system does not require a lot of resources and can sustain a large number of learners.

Also, e-learning provides equal academic opportunities for all. Over the year, the demand for learning sciences has tremendously increased. E-learning poses as an essential scientific boost of the society. Soon, online learning will become the most important determinant of the information society. Learners can pursue their dream courses regardless of their location and day to day activities. Learning of sciences through the internet requires the institution to have a well-organized computer program with all the courses required in order to ensure learners attain their full potential (Laberta, 2012). Expert teachers and willing learners are also important factors in attaining a successful academic course.

Retention of learned materials in the long term memory is another advantage to online learners. Scholar has observed that learners store content well if they learn under low pressure. Online learning is one of the most favorite mode of learning. Moore and Rennie (2006) study shows that learners support online learning because they have the freedom to choose the method through which they want to acquire knowledge at the comfort of their home, or workplace. The learners develop self-interest and become attached to their courses, thus improving their academic performance, as compared to learners who attend the traditional classroom system.

In addition, learners who are enrolled in internet classes have easy access to learning materials, sources, and tools for learning as compared to those who attend the classroom lessons. There are many sites on the internet which provide the necessary information needed by learners to complete academic tasks. Lem’s study (2016) shows that online students develop higher intellectual capacity as the internet has every information needed in any field, unlike compared to a classroom where learners rely on teacher's notes and textbooks. Students acquire all the unique skills related to a certain topic.

Internet learning creates a good relationship between a teacher and a student. Technology is the medium that connects an online teacher to his learners. Students receive learning content and materials from their teachers, where the learners are expected to complete assignments and other task given back to the professors. Teachers also create platforms where they interact with learners, exchange views, and participate in discussions (Kasraie, 2010). This interaction reduces fear in students and eases the tension that exists between learners and teachers. Without fear, learners become freer with their teachers and they can ask for academic assistance easily.

E-learning provides time flexibility. Online students do not follow a certain schedule like classroom learners. Learners can pursue the course of their choice at any time. On just requires a good laptop or a desktop, and good internet connections, which assists in the learning process. Time availability makes it possible for learners to pursue a different course somewhere else. Finally, learners have enough time to interact with their professors, which makes it easier for learners to clear their doubts, and complete assignments on time (Gamage et al, 2014).

E-learning gives learners the opportunity to learn on their own. E-learning requires one to be responsible and self-driven. Learners need to be self-motivated, and create a schedule that allows them to participate in their studies. Research shows that online learning's training focus on constructing knowledge on learners, and not acquisition of knowledge. This mode of teaching enables students to learn more effectively. A study conducted on learners showed that electronic learners possessed more information than traditional system learners. Students have the freedom to choose where they get information for their assignments without necessarily having to visit the libraries (Dekson & Suresh, 2010). Comfort and easy access to academic content through the internet leads to increased learning abilities in electronic learners. Moreover, learning in the classroom increases fatigue and having to follow a specific timetable can lead to restriction of learners in the learning process. When a learner is able to work on their own, it adds more to their process and improves knowledge. 

E-learning supports the concept of learning is a long term and continuous process. According to statistics, in 1999, 53% of the teaching methods used was using CDs. E-learning had become an important aspect in education in 2004 (Shabani, 2007). The aim of most information technology is that, in some years to come, most educational researches will be carried out with the use of computer communication and the internet. Today, traditional systems of education have started embracing the electronic method due to the fast growth in the scientific industry. Scientific production requires an institution to have up to date information. E-learning has created a continuous relationship between academics and work. Individuals are able to further their education, while still working. Also, people of all stages can access education without discrimination of age. People who did not get a chance to attain education during their young age are able to fulfill their desires through online learning. 

E-learning is widely used by abled differently individuals. In every society, there exist some people with disability. Their condition does not make them different from other people in the community. People with disability have the right to education according to the constitution. According to Norman (2016), online learning makes it convenient for disabled learners, especially the crippled and those on wheelchairs, to access education. This makes their lives easier as they do not have to move from home to school and back. Also, disabled learners are able to attain their full academic potential as they do not face stigmatization. Many exceptional learners who attend the traditional system of education end up being discriminated by fellow students thus lowering their self-esteem, which as a result deteriorates their academic performance. Also, moving from one class to another becomes difficult as they lack someone to assist them, and some learning institutions have facilities which are not disability friendly.

E-learning helps to cut on expenses. A well-organized e-learning program helps to cut down expenses as a learner is required to pay only the tuition fee, online registration fee, books, examination fee, and buy the needed materials like laptop and internet router. Unlike in traditional system, online learners do not pay for transport, housing, buying foods and other expenses that are spent in school. Low expenses translate to more saving and lower debts (Mason & Rennie, 2006).

Conclusion

E-learning is an issue that needs to be given more consideration. In many states, huge costs are paid for students' commuters, education expenses, and a lot of noise pollution. Online learning poses more benefits to learners and is proved to provide high-quality intellectuals. The government should strive to provide the required infrastructure like quality internet connection, convenient and affordable electronic devices, support scientific scholars' projects, and encourage online learning in amongst the citizen in order to increase the scientific sector growth of the country. Besides the fact that e-learning is still new to some people, it cannot be ignored, and the necessary environment needed for this method to succeed should be allocated. With a literature review, it is proven that e-learning has a tremendous impact on the learning process and should be fully embraced.

References

Angeli, C. (2005) ‘Transforming a teacher education method course through technology: Effects

            on preservice teachers' technology competency', Computers & Education, vol. 45.

Dekson D.E. Suresh E.S.M (2010) "Adaptive E-Learning techniques in the development of

            teaching electronic portfolio"

Gamage, D., Fernando, S., & Perera, I. (2014). Factors affecting to effective eLearning: Learners

            Perspective. Scientific Research Journal (SCIRJ), 2(5), 42-48.

Kasraie, N., & Kasraie, E. (2010). Economies of eLearning in the 21st Century. Contemporary

            Issues in Education Research, 3(10)

LaBerta, C. (2012). Computers are your future. New Jersey: Pearson EducationInc.

Lam, M. (2009) 'Effectiveness of web-based courses on technical learning', Journal of Education

            for Business, vol. 84, no. 6, pp. 323–331

Mason, R., & Rennie, F. (2006). E-Learning: The Key Concepts. New York: Routledge.

Norman, S. (2016) 5 Advantages of Online Learning: Education Without Leaving Home.

            ELearning Industry [online]

Nichols, M. (2003). A theory for eLearning. Educational technology & society, 6(2), 1-10.

Shabani H. (2007). Educational methods: Ways and teaching method. Tehran: University of

            Human Sciences;

 Net neutrality

Net neutrality is a concept based on the belief that all internet users can access the same content over the internet at the same speeds. Under net neutrality the power of internet service providers is limited as they are required to offer the same content to everyone in the same speeds without manipulating any part of the process. While people do have access to relatively the same content and at the same speed, access to the internet has never been the same for all users as companies like Verizon have higher speeds when accessing data on the internet. While these differences do exist, they do not have a significant impact on how everyone else accesses content on the internet because the speed and content is relatively the same. Net neutrality keeps the internet free and accessible to everyone as its policies makes internet service provider accountable for the kind of service they offer. Net neutrality should therefore be maintained as scraping it would create a situation where not everyone can access the internet, varying internet speeds and the cost of surfing the web would most likely go up.

One major reason why net neutrality should be maintained is that it creates a level playing field for all internet users. If net neutrality was repealed, it would give internet service providers the power to dictate terms on who can access the internet; at what cost; and at what speeds (Shah. 2018). The internet providers would be able to deny some services as well as prevent customers from accessing specific websites if they choose to. Since they control the content, those with money will be at an advantage as they will be able to access all the services at a cost (Shah, 2018). Control and use of the internet would be transferred from everyone to the corporations as they will have the means as well as the power to meet the terms set by internet service providers to access the internet.

Repealing net neutrality would also in higher charges to access the internet. Through net neutrality, all traffic is treated equally and no special treatment is given regardless of the purpose the internet is used for. This also ensures that internet providers cannot overcharge the services since they are offered at the same price to all users (O’Sullivan, 2018). If net neutrality was removed, the internet service providers would be able to request extra charges for people or corporations seeking access to faster internet lanes. Some people would be unable or unwilling to use the internet as the speeds would be too slow for those not able or willing to pay the high cost set up for faster internet access (O’Sullivan, 2018). It is therefore important that net neutrality be maintained as it would ensure that the content and speeds accessible on the internet remain the same without discriminating or giving special services to those that have no problem meeting the high costs that would otherwise be set up.

Another reason in support of net neutrality is the impact that its abolition would have on business startups. In an era where most information is accessed through the internet, businesses need to have access to the web as it is the best way to reach customers as well as share information regarding their products and services (Barret, 2017). Without net neutrality, large corporations will be able to keep business startups out of the market by controlling the type of access available. Since large corporations have high access to capital, they can easily access high internet lanes and pay to have the must applicable and relevant websites. Internet service providers are likely to increase the cost needed to access fast internet speeds and such services will thus be reserved for those with enough money to purchase them (O’Sullivan, 2018). Business startups will therefore find it difficult to access these services as they lack the purchasing power to meet the cost. Unable to reach customers as well as keep up with business trends, business startups will find it difficult to compete in the market and eventually fall and this could have a negative impact on the economy.

Net neutrality allows people to exercise their freedom of speech as well as create a platform to expose corrupt individuals and organizations. People can therefore use it to share information about corrupt politicians, report organizations with bad customer service, report ills in the community among other reasons. The information discussed remains on the websites and anyone seeking information about a specific person, company, product community or any other purpose will have all information discussed on the same (Chandler, 2017). If repealed, companies will be able to block certain websites, articles and videos that may contain harmful information about the organizations and prevent it from reaching the public. Internet service providers will be able to block out sites with different viewpoints from their major customers as a way of protecting their image. Businesses will also be able to control the type of information that is available online and in so doing, get rid of any negative feedback or customer experience that is used to caution other potential customers from seeking out the products and services of specific corporations (Chandler, 2017). People will no longer have access to unbiased information as the corporations will be able to control the type of information that exists in the web. With no law to govern over how companies react to issues related to freedom of speech on the web, companies and internet service providers will be in a position to use the internet to their advantage as they can freely block websites that they do not find pleasing.

An argument can be made in support of repealing net neutrality in reference to the effect it has on project developments. In an attempt to prevent overcharging, net neutrality requires internet service providers to treat all traffic equally. Everyone accessing the internet is given the same platform, the same websites and at similar traffics to ensure that everyone gets the same experience when surfing the web. While the control measure does give everyone equal access to the internet, it greatly challenges the development of projects that must incorporate network slicing when being developed (Ruffin, 2017). Some of these projects may require faster internet access but are unable to because they have to rely on the same speeds allocated to all other internet users. While this may be the case, ending net neutrality may not necessarily be a solution because the internet service providers will have control over the type of access granted; and at what cost. As gatekeepers, the internet providers may decide to make access to services needed to develop IoT technologies more expensive and difficult to obtain (Most, 2017). Simple developments like implementing smart street lighting may end up costing even more because the providers will determine the cost of implementing such projects. Instead of remedying the situation, repealing net neutrality will make the implementation of such projects even more difficult and expensive.

Net neutrality is an integral part of how people access information and conduct research. It is the neutral nature of the internet that prevents bias and discrimination as the service is provided fairly and anyone who wishes to access the internet does not have to meet any extra conditions regardless of background or financial capability. While some corporations do enjoy faster access to the internet, their number and type of speed is of less significance and majority of internet users enjoy the service on a neutral basis. Instead of repealing net neutrality, the government and internet service providers need to invest in ways to make access better for everyone such that it does not hinder or slow down the development of various projects. Instead of focusing on how net speeds can be regulated to meet up the requirements of a specific project, the goal should be to make the internet fast enough to accommodate such projects and any other needs that may require access to the internet. Doing so will greatly encourage innovation as everyone will be able to access the internet at fast speeds and have access to website suitable for accomplishing their projects. Instead of repealing net neutrality and giving power to corporations and internet service providers, net neutrality should be maintained and even improved to ensure that information from the web is accessed and utilized with the most ease.

References

Barret B, (2017) “Fight: The wired guide to net neutrality” Wired,  retrieved fromhttps://www.wired.com/story/net-neutrality-fight-wired-guide/

Chandler D, (2017) “What is net neutrality and why is it important?” Consumer Affairs,  retrieved from, https://www.consumeraffairs.com/news/what-is-net-neutrality-and-why-is-it-important-110117.html

Most B, (2017), “Three reasons why you should care about net neutrality” Odyssey,  retrieved from,  https://www.theodysseyonline.com/3-reasons-care-net-neutrality

O’Sullinvan F, (2018) “What is net neutrality and why is it important?” Cloudwards,  retrieved from,  https://www.cloudwards.net/net-neutrality/

Ruffin M, (2017) “The importance of net neutrality” Odyssey,  retrieved from,  https://www.theodysseyonline.com/the-importance-net-neutrality

Shah A, (2018) “Arguments for and against net neutrality” Mechanical Engineering Magazine

             The Internet Is Not Making People Stupid

 In this era where all the information in the world has become very easy to access and acquire, it is hard to start imagining how life was like before the invention of the internet. Everything has become so easy with the use of the internet, you can get any form of information that you want at any time and place just as long as you are connected to the internet. It is a common thing nowadays to see an individual suffering from an anxiety attack just because the internet connection is slow or if a webpage fails to load; one gets so disappointed and is filled with rage. This is just an illustration of how important the internet has become to the society, but does this mean that the internet is making us stupid? I don’t think so.

The effects of the internet on the society is still young, it is true that the internet has changed the way that people think but this does not necessarily mean that it is making people dumb. The internet is bringing light to some of the bad habits that people have acquired that affects the way that one processes information. The internet makes people lazy and this affects their ability to memorize information. In his article, Carr (p. 1) argues that the internet is making people stupid, he illustrates that the internet has completely changed the way that people think for the worst. Carr (p. 1) argues that the excessive use of the internet does not let people think and read the way that they used to do before the influence of technology.

I do not agree with Carr’s argument, the internet has created a platform where the society has the chance to learn about everything that they want to without too much stress. Well the brain is changing the way that it functions because of the internet, but this is for the better. The human brain can be defined as a computer that often needs a faster processor and a bigger hard drive to enable it to function better and the internet is what the brain needs (Harris, p. 16). The internet allows the brain to expand its mode of functioning, people now have the chance to spend more valuable time doing creative things that they would otherwise not be doing without the internet. Scientists in the past used to spend a lot of their time performing laborious tasks of analysing facts in order to come up with complete research (Farivar et al., p. 31). Today, with the help of the internet things have gotten easier, their minds have been relieved of the hustle through the internet and they now get more time to deeply consider the imaginative features of their discovery.

 The internet has facilitated for worldwide partnership and collection of data and involvement, ideas and even philosophies all from the comfort of one’s computer.  This is a conversion that is not in the brain erection but in wholesome access to material, it has given the typical individual the right of entry to massive information that is just readily accessible (Farivar et al., p. 22). In the past research was associated with spending hours and hours in the stacks of books in the library and this greatly affected the number of researches that could be handled and hence affecting development in the overall. With the Google listing, a person doing research can easily get related articles and information to the topic which gives one more time to compare the data effectively before completing a research (Harris, p. 23). The internet is a time saver; it helps save time by ensuring that one does not search for answers in thousands of journals and hence creating the chance for more researches to be conducted.

When it comes to the effects that the internet has on both the social and cultural behaviours, today people get to socialize with one another all over the world. There are smartphones, printers, personal computers that have the ability to receive wireless internet services and now different societies can easily engage in business deals without them having to make the long distance travel thus positively affecting the global economy (Farivar et al., p. 31). The internet has made learning in school easier since the students do not have to solely depend on what they are taught by their instructors in class. The students now have the chance to be independent and learn on their own during their free time instead of engaging in other time wasting activities (Harris, p. 13). The internet has enhanced the ability of the human brain and amplified its dispensation speed of attaining knowledge thus making the human mind more effectual in matters of multitasking.

The internet does not in any way make us stupid like it is suggested by Carr in his article, it is true that it makes people lazy because people are today doing less reading but this does not mean that people are becoming stupid. On the contrary, the internet helps in making people become smarter. The information that is found in various websites is meant to help people become more knowledgeable and hence smarter.

Works cited

Carr, Nicholas. “Is Google Making Us Stupid?” The Atlantic, Atlantic Media Company, 13

June 2018, www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2008/07/is-google-making-us-stupid/306868/.

Farivar, Cyrus, and Vinton G. Cerf. The Internet of Elsewhere : The Emergent Effects of a

Wired World. Rutgers University Press, 2011. EBSCOhost, search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=nlebk&AN=433408&site=ehost-live

Harris, Corey W. “The ‘Google’ Paradox: Is Technology Making Us Smarter?” Armed

Forces Comptroller, vol. 61, no. 1, Winter 2016, pp. 8–10. EBSCOhost, search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bth&AN=114546744&site=ehost-live.

1

American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII) is a 32 standard unit used for coding various characters in high-tech devices (Hashem, Ibrahim, et al, 34).

2

The INTERNET is a Standard widespread interlinkages formed when various institutions combine communications systems that enable universal connectivity and transfer of information via standardized procedures (Hashem, Ibrahim, et al, 100).

3

WORLD WIDE WEB is a data space accessible via internet. The system configures document into HyperText Markup Language (HTML), which enables connectivity around the globe (Hashem, Ibrahim, et al, 45).

4

 HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP) is a procedural application that distributes, dictates commands, facilitates, and formats electronically shared information on the internet (Hashem, Ibrahim, et al, 67).

5

Binary Digit (BITS) is a tiny unit used for quantifying data in a computer. Digits of the measuring element run from zero to two (Hashem, Ibrahim, et al, 87).

6

BYTES are single components of digital data (Laudon, & Jane, 89).

7

 Modulator- demodulator (MODEM) is a hardware that provides another device with internet (Laudon, & Jane, 99).

8

Random Access Memory (RAM) is inserted in the motherboard of a computer system. Every running application or program initiates from the hard drive and into the RAM (Laudon, & Jane, 120).

9

Read Only Memory (ROM) is a device that Stores hardwired set of commands that start programs before synchronizing software details (Laudon, & Jane, 39).

10

Central Processing Unit (CPU) is the center that controls commands, information flow, and processing of data (Laudon, & Jane, 123).

11

Transmission Control Protocol/ Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) is a system that allows connectivity of electronic devices despite of long distance. Hence, it facilitates sending to people living in distant countries (Laudon, & Jane, 25).

12

Local Area Network (LAN) is a grid formed when computers and other internet devices link within the same vicinity.

Wide Area Network (WAN) is grid but  does not link computers based on location but may confine itself within the borders of a county or a country (Laudon, & Jane, 27).

13

ETHERNET is a traditional way of connecting LANs through wires, which would in turn enable communication by developing a common language (Laudon, & Jane, 29).

14

Domain Name System (DNS) is a naming system used for identification of various internet domains. It translates domains into usable internet resource (Hashem, Ibrahim, et al, 18).

15

Uniform Resource locator (URL) connects and identifies any resources associated with a web. It enables access to a link (Hashem, Ibrahim, et al, 33).

16

HyperText Markup Language (HTML) contains all the commands in form of text. The texts describe structuring and format of content in a web page, which guides a web user (Hashem, Ibrahim, et al, 110).

17

 BROWSER is an application through which an internet user accesses websites (Hashem, Ibrahim, et al, 115).

18

COMPILER converts a set of commands into readable and actionable texts (Hashem, Ibrahim, et al, 22).

19

OPERATING SYSTEM is a support structure responsible for executing primary functions such as scheduling (Hashem, Ibrahim, et al, 37).

20

 SERVER is a gateway program that enables a user accesses other programs and their functionalities (Hashem, Ibrahim, et al, 91).

21

DATA is not yet processed information or analyzed into useful information by a computer (Laudon, & Jane, 17).

22

INFORMATION is processed data useful to a computer. Normally arranged in a certain pattern (Laudon, & Jane, 35).

23

STORAGE is a technique used to safeguard data in case of a power disruption or system failure. The computer retains the information (Laudon, & Jane, 16).

24

 SYNTAX CHECKING is a software that runs a check up on language coding of other programs (Laudon, & Jane, 13).

25

INTRANET is a privatized network owned by a business enterprise. It has leased WAN and multiple connectivity (Laudon, & Jane, 10).

26

ASSEMBLY is a simple coding method connects its programs with a computer user’s design hence improving correspondence (Hashem, Ibrahim, et al, 60).

27

CTBERETHICS are set of rules that developers should adhere to as they innovate and come up with better technologies. Cyber ethics shows the relationship between information systems and humanity, which in turn dictates what one can do and cannot do (Hashem, Ibrahim, et al, 51).

28

Selling and buying products via the internet. As long, there is an exchange of money via the internet; ecommerce took place (Hashem, Ibrahim, et al, 23).

29

Management Information System (MIS) is composed of both hard and software elements that support an organization’s functionalities. It gathers and internalizes information that later helps in managing and decision-making (Hashem, Ibrahim, et al, 12).

30

EXTRANET is a private network enabled by internet facilities and telecommunicating devices for sharing an enterprise’s information and functionalities (Hashem, Ibrahim, et al, 34).

Works cited

Hashem, Ibrahim Abaker Targio, et al. "The rise of “big data” on cloud computing: Review and open research issues." Information Systems 47 (2015): 98-115.

Laudon, Kenneth C., and Jane P. Laudon. Management information system. Pearson Education India, 2016.

English

Contemporary life has been made easier thanks to the great contribution of the internet technology. Communication and information sharing has been made more effective and efficient. It is beyond any doubt that emergence and adoption of internet technology have resulted in life convenience. The internet not only allows communication of information across the world but it ensures easy availability and accessibility of this information. Businesses have greatly benefited from the use of the internet. The convenience of the communication enhanced by the internet has enhanced the companies to expand their operation even to global markets (Chandola, 2015). However, it is important to note that the internet is both a center for positive and negative consequences of use.

While the internet is being commended for its good work in making life easier, it is also reflecting an ugly side due to its existence. With the internet, criminals are able to obtain information from people thus stealing their credit cards. Most people across the world have become victims of white collar crimes. As people develop a habit of talking to others through the internet, their communication ability has been impaired (Chandola, 2015). Some of the games hosted on the internet have eroded the traditional forms of entertainment mostly for children. This has become detrimental to children’s health as they lead a lifestyle that is related to illness. Such diseases may include obesity.

Success has been misinterpreted to revolve around power, money, and fame. However, this is not the case. This is because success is all about feeling accomplished rather than achieving a lot in life. Success is measured by how happy we are. Success can be defined in so many ways. However, the most appealing definition refers to success as the feeling of excitement about who we are, what we do and how we do it. It revolves around being resilient even in tough times and ultimately living a life that we can easily pride in.

Ethics can also be referred to as the moral philosophy. This relates to the question about how people should act. It determines people’s action and their definition of right and wrong. It is concerned with achieving a greater good. According to philosophers, ethics is all inclusive of moral ideals and conduct in life. Humanity serves to fulfill a moral duty and obligation (Driver, 2013).

Lifestyle refers to the way of living for a particular group of people. This is the living condition, conduct, and habits that particular group of people chooses. A positive lifestyle relates to happiness while negative lifestyle can lead to an unsatisfactory life that is dominated by sadness and depression. Lifestyle reflects a person’s attitudes and values that represent a sense of self that is in line with an individual’s identity. Different environments incite different lifestyles.

Education is one of the highest priorities in UAE. The nation strongly believes that the greatest way through which they can make wealth is through investing in the creation of educated generations. Education in UAE has been focused on both men and women where literacy is currently close to 95%. The nation has a new education system (Markaz et al, 2011). Presently, the education at the primary and secondary level is widespread. The education curriculum in these schools matches the development goals and values of the UAE.

References

Top of Form

Chandola, S. (2015). Internet World Of Teenagers. Sagar Chandola.

Driver, J. (2013). Ethics: The Fundamentals. New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons.

Markaz al-Imārāt lil-Dirāsāt wa-al-Buḥūth al-Istirātījīyah. (2011). Education in the UAE: Current status and future developments. Abu Dhabi: Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research.

C Bottom of Form

Case study

Six-Sigma for Etisalat

 Emirates Telecommunication Corporation (Etisalat) is based in United Arabs Emirates and has various subsidiaries. The firm provides various products including telecommunication services, equipment and media, consultancy and contracting services in the global market in association with other firms. It has various business divisions that support its operations such as Ebtikar, company, Emirates Internet Exchange and Emirates Data Clearing Center (Etisalat, 2015).  The major products for the firm include wireless communication, voice communication, and data communication that is offered in cooperation with its subsidiaries.  The firm was incorporated in 1976 and expanded to the large market in the Middle East and East and North Africa. The vision of the fir is to be a leader among the emerging markets telecom firms.  Its mission involves the provision of best overall customer experience, deliver good returns to shareholders and support job creation through economic development and be socially responsible (Etisalat, 2015).

The choice for Sig Sigma is supported by the program's assistance in the process of business management by providing an essential and concrete result required through reduction of variation and process improvement (Bhargava, 2010). Etisalat is a data-driven firm and Six Sigma can help in creating processes and delivering services with most possible minimum defects.  Quality management is an essential strategy in business management while aiming to achieve competitive advantages and performance improvements.  The quality program offers an essential framework for all other tools like Failure Mode Effect Analysis and Statistical Process Control can to be useful to management (Bhargava, 2010).  As a service providing firm, Etisalat can use the Six Sigma program in various functions including information system management, human resources, and finance and marketing processes in solving arising problems. This methodology can improve the quality of services provided by identifying various problem areas and devising ways of finding solutions for such problems to enhance customer experience. Etisalat has to be effective in customers' attraction, retention and improve their satisfaction with services provided.

The DMAIC process in Six Sigma that includes defining, measuring, analyzing, improving and controlling can help in improving processes that do not meet the outlined specifications or in their current form, do not improve quality (Bhargava, 2010).  The defining phase involves identifying any problems and measurable objectives or results that can be achieved by improving quality of service delivery.  The measuring phase involves creating an assessment for the prevailing state of service delivery and ranking the potential reason to improve quality. This would allow for benchmarking of the performance of the present process.  The analyze phase involves examining the data that have been collected in the previous phase and come up with various causes of variation in the firm.  The improvement stage is aimed at identifying available options or solutions that fit the problems identified during the analysis.  The best alternative for improvement is recommended and then implemented during the provision of services. The control phase involves designing the recommended solutions and consulting in order to accelerate service delivery improvement (Bhargava, 2010).  The application of this program in quality improvement will ensure that customer satisfaction is improved and the confidence of shareholders is boosted in the process. The firm can, therefore, be able to maximize the experience of customers by reduction of wait times and enhance network quality. The firm will also be able to respond to any quality issues that arise in future.

References

Etisalat, (2015).Annual Report: Business Snap-short. Retrieved from: http://www.etisalat.com/en/system/docs/12-4-2013/Etisalat-AnnualReport2015-English.pdf

 Bhargava, M., Bhardwaj, A., & Rathore, A. P. S. (2010). Six Sigma methodology utilization in telecom sector for quality improvement-a DMAIC process. International Journal of Engineering Science and Technology, 2(12), 7653-7659.

Quality programs

ISO 9000 Family explores the different facets of quality management and provides tools and guidance for organizations and firms that are interested in consistently improving the quality of services and products to meet the requirements of customers.  ISO 900 is based on some various principles that will ensure quality is achieved in management (ISO, 2016). Customer focus involves customer experience including present and future customers' needs and an organization has to align its objectives with such needs. Leadership involves having a vision, setting goals, creating values and trust in an organization, equipping employees and recognize their contributions (ISO, 2016). People engagement involves using and valuing their abilities, making them accountable, ensuring continual improvement participation, evaluating individual performance, enable sharing of knowledge and learning and open discussion of the existing problem. The other principles a process approach, improvement, making decisions based on available evidence and managing relationship in the organization.

On the other hand, Six Sigma explores the performance of a process in an organization, with the basic objective being to implement a strategy that is based on measurement, improvement of processes and minimizing variation.  The improvement of the process is achieved through DMAIC and DMADV methodologies. The DMAIC method comprises of five steps including defining existing problems, measuring the extent of the issue, analyzing data collected during measuring, improving the process through best solutions and controlling performance of the process (Gupta, 2015). In DMADV methods, the last phases involve design and verification of process to ensure performance with minimum possible defects (Gupta, 2015). Baldrige Award has its framework aimed at assisting organizations in improvement and attaining excellence and follows some critical areas, core concepts and values representing behaviors and beliefs existing in organizations that are high performing. The framework of this program focuses on how processes are evaluated and improved. This includes the effectiveness of approach used in accomplishing a firm's work, consistency of processes deployed, learning and sharing of major process improvements and the integration of the process with needs of the organization, both present, and future (NIST, 2016). 

The Deming's 14 points programs describe various aspects aimed at improving productivity and quality in an organization.  Organizations have to constantly aim at service and product improvement and ensure that this new philosophy is adopted.  The organization has to stop focus on inspection to improve quality and cease awarding business on the basis of prices alone but reduce cost by partnering with one supplier (HCI Professional Services Pty Ltd, n.d).  The firm also has to focus on constant improvement, job training, leadership and eliminating fear. Breaking barriers, removing unnecessary barriers and cease workforce targets, exhortations, and slogan setting; establishing a program for education and individual self-improvement and have all people work towards the transformation of the organization (HCI Professional Services Pty Ltd, n.d).

The differences in these programs are only seen in the descriptions of how quality will be achieved in products and services provided by organizations. While six-sigma tend to focus on processes, the other programs focus more on core values that guide the improvement process. While Six-sigma offers tools for change implementation, ISO 9000 is more focused on discovering improvement objectives. Six-sigma program is more proactive in ensuring value maximization and improving competitive advantage. Baldrige Criteria is system-based and holistic in improving performance and quality of services and product.  However, the four programs are complimentary when applied in leadership as they are used at the right moment. The major focus of the programs includes appreciating the existing system, understanding any existing variation, understanding people or process and aligning their interests to organizational goals and embracing knowledge all along.

References

ISO, (2016). Selection and use of the ISO 9000 family of standards. Retrieved from: https://www.iso.org/files/live/sites/isoorg/files/archive/pdf/en/selection_and_use_of_iso_9000_family_of_standards_2016_en.pdf

NIST, (2016).About the Baldrige Excellence Framework.Retrieved from: https://www.nist.gov/baldrige/about-baldrige-excellence-framework

HCI Professional Services Pty Ltd, (n.d). Deming's 14 points Retrieved from https://www.hci.com.au/deming-A/

Gupta, D. (2015). Success using Lean Six Sigma in terms of operations and business processes. Hamburg: Anchor Academic Publishing 6-7

Individual Internet Systems Technologies

Introduction

Web developers are the experts in internet systems development. They have skills that enable them to streamline web coding and empower internet security. Web development is another synonym that is commonly used interchangeably with internet systems. Web development is solely based on dealing with internet-based computer systems, where it involves the establishment, planning, protection and modeling of these systems. These internet system development technologies are vital in building up effective systems together with developing and implementing easy to use web content, building up database infrastructures and improving the system security. Moreover, one of the core importance of these internet system development technologies is that they assist in developing a good graphical user interface, which offers a visual layout used by the end user. There are numerous software technologies that are available for use by the web developers. In regards to the software technologies in the internet system development, three contrasting languages exist that is the java, python, and ruby. Some of the important factors to consider in web development include competence, performance, production time, support available and the size of the project. Currently, businesses and organizations are basically focusing on the development of internet systems so as to offer value to their customers as well as employees. This paper will present, compare and contrast SOAP, Client-side and server-side technologies, PHP and REST.

Client-side technologies refer to codes that run within the web browser and they include the HTML and Cascading Style Sheets. This enables the web browser to temporarily download all the files from a server and later it displays a static web page. This indicates that the browser can view all the files even when a person has lost an internet connection if the browser was left open (Parsons, & Oja, 2014). Two of the most used client-side scripts include the javascript and the action script. HTML is, on the other hand, a markup language that is planned to structure data as well as information on a page in a manner that brings about visually appealing layouts and the content within a page is displayed in an understandable way. Moreover, rather than depending solely on WYSIWYG applications, the web developers manually code all of their HTML ensuring that they are correct and that they meet the standards and are properly presented on the website (Parsons, & Oja, 2014).

SOAP software application completely relies on the XML to convey messaging services. Initially, Microsoft developed SOAP so as to replace some of the older technologies that performed poorly on the internet. The poor performance of these technologies is caused by their count on the binary messaging rather than XML. XML messaging that is used by SOAP I far much better and its performance on the internet is good. XML makes requests and receives responses in Soap and thus can grow into an extremely complex code. In some of the programming languages, the web developers have to write the requests manually which is problematic since SOAP is fervent of errors. Other languages, however, use the shortcuts offered to them by SOAP. This helps in reducing the efforts needed to establish the request and to parse the response. Actually, while working with the internet languages, one can never see the XML (IFIP TC 12 International Conference on Artificial Intelligence, In Dillon, & IFIP World Computer Congress 2015). SOAP has an inbuilt error handling which is quite an important feature in this software technology. Once there is an issue with the request, the response comprises of error data that one can use so as to fix the problem. This specific feature is extremely important as it makes the web developers work easier as, without this feature, the developer would be in great confusion as they are left guessing why things failed to work. This error reporting offers even standardized codes that are possible to automate some of the errors that are handling tasks in the code.

REST has a lighter alternative as it uses a simple URL in most cases to make requests instead of using XML like in SOAP technologies. In some cases, the developers must offer additional information in unique ways. However, most of the Web services that use REST depend completely on attaining the required data through the use of URL approach. REST has four different HTTP verbs that include Get, Post, and Put and also delete and they are important keys in performing tasks (IFIP TC 12 International Conference on Artificial Intelligence, In Dillon, & IFIP World Computer Congress 2015).

PHP refers to a server-side scripting language. Its processing occurs in the server through consuming server’s resources and sends only the result to the client. This is one of the best internet systems as compared to others. The PHP internet system is easy to learn and has numerous open sources. It is simple and is dynamic hence can support different operating systems. The PHP server applications usually offer useful functions in development which has a bigger simplicity and safety of the functional systems (Parsons, & Oja, 2014). PHP is dynamic as it can produce numerous websites and its dynamic in the content that it delivers as it has the ability to change with the time of the day. It can also be able to build content that is solely based on the context. It is quite important to note that while picking a web improvement language for a website, there is no single language that can be regarded as the best. The developers are only expected to pick the language or technology software that best fits their project depending on the functionality of the specific features that they intend on having.

Web development adds great value to businesses and organizations. One of the core goals for each web developer is to develop a code that is easy and understandable. It is also important to take into consideration that the assembled web technologies should have a decoder so as to understand the code language of the varying systems which have varying dependencies. Therefore, before choosing on any web technology, it is wise to find out the host of these technology services. Adding capabilities to a web development technology adds value to an organization as it enhances website credibility and increases the business’ connectivity as well as interaction with the business ‘audience. Website credibility provides companies with simpler ways of showing how credible and important it really is for a business to have online representation so as to help in the transformation of visitors into becoming valued customers. Web design is, therefore, a vital piece of business and hence should be carried out in the very most strategic method.

References

IFIP TC 12 International Conference on Artificial Intelligence, In Dillon, T. S., & IFIP World Computer Congress. (2015). Artificial intelligence in theory and practice IV: 4th IFIP TC 12 International Conference on Artificial Intelligence, IFIP AI 2015, held as part of WCC 2015, Daejeon, South Korea, October 4-7, 2015, Proceedings.

Parsons, J. J., & Oja, D. (2014). Computer concepts 2014: Comprehensive.

Internet and Human’s Internal Knowledge

The internet is a worldwide system that is connected together with computer network suite to link devices all over the world. In the world today, the internet has become a major source of information where people go there to get information about a whole lot of things. As a global network of networks, the Internet has become one of the essential information and communication mediums which can make important contributions to individuals’ quality of life; and college students are not an exception in this regard (Tekinarslan, Erkan, 2017). With technology developing rapidly across the world, more and more people are connected to the internet thus increasing the possibility of a large amount of persons going to the internet in pursuit of information or gain knowledge about the world. Nonetheless, a huge question about the cognition effects of people going to the internet s. Does searching the internet for information really increases people’s internal knowledge?

The internet itself is a powerful environment that anyone can enter a question and get the results from different parts of the world almost immediately. It has become more and easier for a person to confuse his or her own knowledge with the knowledge acquired from the internet (Fisher, Goddu, & Keil, 2015). We didn’t see that people were more confident that they could find answers if they had access to search. We saw that people were more confident that they knew the answers—had the information in their heads—if they had access to search. It’s more like thinking you know how to fix a car if you have access to a mechanic (Berinato, Scott, 2015).It is very difficult for people to be accurate about what they truly know or how much they know or rely on the internet when they are alone. But there is no doubt that people rely on the internet more than they think. People feel more confident about their knowledge when they are using the internet.

To find out whether searching the internet for information increases an individual’s internal knowledge, researchers used two groups of individuals and studied them. In one condition, one group was allowed to access the internet for information after which they were asked different questions that did not relate to the information that they searched in the internet (Fisher, Goddu, & Keil, 2015). In another condition, a different group of people was asked not to go to the internet in search of information and afterward asked the same questions that the first group (those who were allowed to access the internet for information) were asked. In another experiment, the same procedure was conducted, and the two groups of people were examined after the experiment (Ward, 2013).

According to the results, a large number of the people who searched for information in the internet believed that they were more knowledgeable about the questions than the group of people that were denied searching the internet for information (Fisher, Goddu, & Keil, 2015). Most of the participant that were studied in the research had an increased sense of their internal knowledge after searching for information in the internet even when the information that they were searching for in the internet was not available. These individuals also believe that their brains were more active than the group that was deprived off the internet. This group of individuals managed to report an increased sense of internal knowledge after successfully using the internet to search for information whereby, they posted a high rate of correct answers to the questions asked as compared to the opposite group (Ward, 2013).

In regard to the results of the experiment, it is clear that the internet inflates people’s internal knowledge. When people search the internet for information about the world, a thought is created whereby they believe accessing the internet for information increases their internal understanding of things.

 In real life situation, the internet has also shown a negative impact on human ability to think, reason or even concentrate hence impacting the general human internal knowledge. Students in particular, have been affected by the overdependence of the internet, which only acts to destroy their thinking reasoning and concentrating capabilities, this section looks at how different groups of people have been affected by both the internet and its components such as the social media, and the effects which they have on human beings.     

The use of the internet has a lot of negative impacts on our human thinking capacity, as it affects the general functioning of the brain. The internet acts as the main human storage device, in the sense that we tend to rely more on the internet, rather than on our own brains (Carr, 2011). This consequently makes the internet the centre of our thinking capacity, because each and everything that we do is based on what is happening on the internet. Human thinking capacity has been damaged, through overusing the internet, which tends to think for us, thus making our thinking capacities impaired (Brockman, 2011). While dealing with serious issues, we are supposed to think critically, in order to come up with solutions to such issues. However, this is not the case, since the modern technology has made it easier for us to be able to gain information which will be necessary for use to focus and also deal with the challenges which we are currently experiencing.

Overreliance of the internet is also another factor which impairs our thinking capacities. For instance, 86% of primary school children in developed countries use the internet for learning (Initiative, 2013). This is a good thing, as it enables each and every aspect in the world to evolve technologically. Nevertheless, it impacts the memories of these children, simply because they are not supposed to remember whatever they have learnt, because all the information learnt can be easily accessed through the internet, making it easier for them to read through. The way a young mind of the young children should be trained to memorize and remember each and everything which it does is now being given to the internet (Carr, 2011). This makes such children’s’ minds to be reliant on the internet, a factor which impairs the way children think, how they synthesize information and how they are also able to reason due to the way their mind is being treated as a component of the internet. When the mind of a young child is treated as a component of the internet, it makes it difficult for such a brain to develop into a mind which can be able to store huge amounts of data.   

The internet acts as the trend setter, whereby most people the youths in particular depend fully on the dictates of the internet. Social media sites which can be accessed through the internet, tend to impact the youths, thus making them to forget about the dictates of the society, and instead focus on social media dictates. Over 3.2 billion youths all over the world have access to the internet, which makes them to easily access social media sites (Brockman, 2011). The social media has consequently gained popularity all over the years, due to its dominance in the market. Similarly, most business have ended up making the use of the social media as advertisement and marketing tools, due to the huge number of followers which social media sites have. The majority of people using the social media are the youths, who cannot be able to do anything prior to accessing the social media. Their reasoning capacities have altered, due to the way different people portray themselves on the social media. For example, most youths have ended being addicted to the social media, whereby they cannot be able to reason or even do anything without taking a photo and positing wherever they are or whatever they are doing (Carr, 2011). The number of likes received when one shares a photo on the social media tends to make them either feel appreciated or not. If someone uploads a photo and fails to gain a certain number of likes, then it becomes an issue which can affect the life of the person. This basically means that the minds of innocent youths have been reduced into nothing, whereby they rely on the social media for appreciation and likes, and if they do not get it, then it becomes an issue.

On the other hand, concentration in class, work, and at home has also reduced. Students, workers, and also housewives cannot be able to concentrate on their tasks, due to internet addiction (Brockman, 2011). Due to this addiction, it becomes hard for them to be able to concentrate, since most of the time people tend to think about the issues which are happening on the internet, a factor which has led to poor concentration among students in class, poor concentration at work and also at home. Parents at home cannot undertake their tasks, due to poor concentration, which makes it hard for them to be able to undertake their tasks effectively and ion the right way. The reasoning capacity of human beings has therefore been weakened, thus making them to rely on the internet in each and everything they do (Carr, 2011).

The impact which the internet has on human social life has also changed, since the human mind concentrates more on the internet, thus forgetting about social lives. It has consequently become hard for human beings to rely solely on each other, since they find the internet friendlier as opposed to other people. It seems the internet has blinded the human mind, thus impacting the reasoning of most people since they cannot be able to rely on other people for help, but instead believe and trust the internet for any forms of assistance. For example, most people tend to search on the internet for information concerning any health issues when sick. They consequently search for the symptoms which they have, thus jumping into conclusion on the type of disease which they are suffering from. This is the reason as to why most people are currently suffering from overdose, since they do not rely on doctors, but instead depend on the internet for any form of health assistance.            

Conclusion       

The internet has proven to have a negative impact on the reasoning, thinking, and concentration of human beings. This has been attributed to overdependence of the internet by human beings which makes it hard for them to be able to use their own knowledge when dealing with serious issues. The internet consequently acts as the center of events whereby the human mind is only a component of the internet, and so all the functions of the human mind have been taken by the computer making human beings to rely on the internet in each and everything that they do.

References

1. Fisher, M., Goddu, M. K., & Keil, F. C. (2015). Searching for explanations: How the Internet inflates estimates of internal knowledge. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 144(3), 674.
2. Ward, A. F. (2013). Supernormal: How the Internet is changing our memories and our minds. Psychological Inquiry, 24(4), 341-348.
3. Tekinarslan, Erkan. (2017). Relationship between Problematic Internet Use, Depression and Quality of Life Levels of Turkish University Students. 1(2), 40-50.
4. Berinato, Scott. (2015). The Internet Makes You Think You’re Smarter Than You Are. 27 （7）26-27
5. Carr, N. G. (2011). The shallows: How the Internet is changing the way we think, read and remember. London: Atlantic Books.
6. Brockman, J. (2011). Is the internet changing the way you think?: The net's impact on our minds and future. New York: Harper Perennial.
7. Initiative, N. A. K. F. (2013). National Academies Keck Future Initiative: The Informed Brain in a Digital World. Place of publication not identified: publisher not identified.
8. Franklin, M. (2013). Digital dilemmas: Power, resistance, and the Internet.

MEMORANDUM

To:           The manager

From:      Raindrop Foundation & Youth Development Center Houston 

Date:       

Subject: Cause and solution for the poor GSM network connectivity inside the offices

 As informed earlier, the team in charge of communication in the organization has embarked on a road to identify the cause of poor GSM network connection in the office and provide a solution for the same. The management has tasked with the role of assessing the real cause of poor GSM network in the office building and come up with various options that can provided the desired solution.  Our team is expected to solve the problem as soon as possible to improve operational efficiency in the building.    

The poor GSM network connectivity has been attributed to the construction of the building with its high-rise status acting as an obstruction to radio signals. The materials used for the construction with an aim of insulation and adding strength acts reflect the signals so that calling, sending messages and even data sharing becomes a problem. Our team has undertaken the necessary research in order to come up with this conclusion. In addition, the team has come up with various options as a solution which includes structuring of the building and installation of some devices which are known to boost connectivity. These devices include a GSM Modem and a Distributed Antenna System which help in improving indoor network connectivity especially for the purpose of smartphones. The GPRRS system can be used where GSM Modem fails to work. The restricting of the building has been shown to be costly and time consuming. The use of GSM Modem to improve connectivity has been selected as the best in terms of adaptability, time and cost .Cost and time have been used as the criteria for selecting the best solution.

Research Study Report

Introduction

 A review on the usage of various wireless carriers indicates the existence of poor GSM connection inside the building especially when using carriers such as Verizon, Sprint and AT&T. When using these carriers inside the building, poor network connection or lack of network while using a smart phone is experienced indoors. Even where devices such as T-Mobile are used, it does not provide enough coverage in terms of network which makes communication very important. This report aims at looking into the various reasons for the problem and suggests various solutions that may be adopted or implemented. The cost that comes with implementation of these solutions is also highlighted in the report in order to obtain enough assessment of the issue.

Research on the cause of poor GSM network

The coverage black-spots results from various causes and some may be planned for, effects minimized or mitigated through the assistance of network operators and even others that may not be visible to the network. The experience of poor indoor network coverage can be attributed to the obstructions by the building since it stands in the radio transmission path, and therefore leading to fading of the any network connection. The building acts as a physical obstruction may be due to the penetrability of the materials used for its construction. Hence, radio transmissions bounce of such an object at very acute angle which leads to reflections of signals (Mishra, 25). These reflections of the signals also cause delay and any simple receiver would just act as interference. Therefore, having poor network inside the building regardless of sufficient coverage outside the building shows clearly that the building is the cause since signals are reflected by the materials in the building.  This means that during the construction of the building there was little regard was given to the need for indoor coverage and may be a sign that materials used for structural strength and insulation can be the greatest culprit in this obstruction.

 In other cases, the cell tower may not be too far but still signal remains weak even outside the building and this case; the cause is normally the broadcasting antenna angling which may reduce the focusing of the intended coverage area. In such a case, even the network inside the building will continue being affected and may even be worse at times. The use of a single Omni-directional antenna means that there is a capacity limit since the speed available and the extent of usage may be limited.

Results

To begin with, it is necessary to have wireless solutions that are in-building which will be aimed at boosting the signal and this include the passive or active systems that will improve network connectivity from within. Passive can achieve a coverage that is stronger since it strengthens the current signal from the closest tower cell. Active system can allow for an increase in capacity since it basically involves a construction of miniature cell site for the specified area. These two involves the use of an antenna to boost network connectivity inside the building. The antenna can be attached to the phone while inside the building so as to try to harness the network connectivity for that specific place (Mishra, 56).

A GSM modem is another option that provides a solution for lack of indoor network connection. The devise is a wireless modem that is compatible with GSM wireless network. Such a modem will act like a modem for dial-up even though both are different. While dial-up modem works through sending and receiving data by use of a fixed telephone line, wireless modem involves sending and receiving data by use of radio waves. The GSM modem would need a SIM card provided by a wireless carrier so as to operate. The device involves a technology that is packet-switched and is normally extended from GSM. The device comes with a specific serial interface that can be used to control the modem by use a command interface for AT. In addition, a power adapter and even antenna is also provided, and has basic modem working segregation that consist of SMS, GSM Data Calla, GPRS and even voice calls. The SMS involves using the modem to provide various features including SMS transmission that is pre-stored while the transmission of SMS can be done on specific trigger events in a system that is automatic (Mishra,  2). The data calls are essentially made for the purpose of sending and receiving data streams between devices such as PC’s or even embedded devices.

It is possible to establish calls using terminals at either receiving or send side while starting the data calls. In other cases, GPRS modem can be used for data transmission and where the modem is not able to reach the required speed. The GPRS can achieve higher speed in data transmission than GSM.

The building can also be rebuilt so as to use materials that will not obstruct the transmission of signals or using materials that will not reflect the radio signals required for network connectivity. Or rather the building can use the Distributed Antenna System where a rooftop donor antenna can be connected to an Optical Transfer System and an amplifier at the basement whereby the signal is then routed to various ceiling antennas.

The use of this principal can be combined with various multiple antennas or Smart Repeaters to enable the extension of network coverage in many floors of the building.  In all these cases, the angle of the antenna and tilting of the antenna can be done to ensure there is sufficient GSM network coverage. The tilting can be done so that it faces below horizon and hence power is focused at specified coverage area.

Criteria for the solutions

 The criteria for selecting the best solution involve time, cost and possibility of adopting the solution. The cost and time factors normally interact with each other and a tradeoff can be achieved. If the implementation of the solution is achieved earlier, more funds especially on additional personal and overtime will be required. The cost for reconstructing the building is expected to be higher than that of installing devices such as GSM modem and Distributed Antenna System.

Conclusion

 The loss or disruption of GSM network connectivity in the building can be attributed to the materials used in its construction which reflect any signals. The various alternatives available includes restricting the building, using a GSM Modem and Distributed Antenna System. GPRRS can be used where GSM modem fails to solve the problem.

Recommendation

In this case it would be efficient to implement the GSM Modem so as to save on cost. Moreover, the re-construction of the building to allow for internet connectivity may take a lot of time hence, the choice for installing new improvement devices.

\

Works cited

Mishra, Raj Gaurav, ed. HCTL Open International Journal of Technology Innovations and           Research (IJTIR): Volume 2, March 2013. HCTL Open Publications Solutions, India,           2013.25, 56

Internet addiction

The use if the internet can be as addictive as drugs and alcohol if it is used excessively and it can manifest itself in various forms.  Some people may become attached emotionally to online activities, where they use a virtual perception of the world to connect with others and substituting it with a real human connection. A person who suffers from internet addiction is unable to connect with other humans in a normal way which makes them turn to online activities and friends.  Though few studies have been conducted on the overuse of internet especially among the adolescents, it is evident that there are people who are always on their personal computers or smartphones browsing on social media and online sites so much that the habit affects their normal operations. Among the many activities that young people engage in is online gaming which robs them of important time to do normal chores, study or even actual interaction with other people.  These people develop some severe problems related to gaming like staying up late into the night or spending the whole day gaming and the end results are poor performance at socially, at schools and at workplaces.

Many people ignore the warning signs of this addiction such as being preoccupied with the internet, spending a lot of time on the internet so as to be satisfied and the fruitless efforts to control, cut back or abandon the use of the internet. These people ignore such signs even after seeing that the habit is undermining or risking the loss of important educational opportunities, important relationships, and even jobs. They try in vain to control the habit without any success which can lead to frustrations, irritability and even feeling restless afterward. The person feels that they are not at ease whenever they have not engaged in online gaming or other activities and this represents a huge problem to their wellbeing. Moreover, such a person may turn to the internet with an aim of escaping their problems or reliving an unpleasant mood such as anxiety or sadness (Young & Abreu, 2011). The habit becomes destructive to the individual and to make the matter worse the can lie to therapist or family members about the problem so as to hide the extent of the internet involvement. The person loses their sense of self-control and allows the online activities to control their mood, behavior and even social life.

The problem of internet addiction has various negative consequences which relate to their education, career, and social life.  BY spending most of their times online, the individuals fail to undertake studies research which leads to low academic and professional performance. Others are unable to go to work on time or they cannot dully perform in tasks allocated to them leading to job loss and hence, their career suffers. In addition, people suffering from internet addiction end up having impaired relationships in real life given that they spend most of their time in seclusion (Young & Abreu, 2011). By spending more time on their own especially those close to them, they are perceived to be socially awkward. This may lead to low self-esteem as they are likely to feel inadequate, or feeling disapproved by the society. However, all is not lost since the behavior can be rectified just like any other learnt habit. After recognizing the problem, a visit to a therapist or certified counselor can assist in reversing the condition.

Reference

Young, K. S., & Abreu, C. N. (2011). Internet addiction: A handbook and guide to evaluation and treatment. Hoboken, N.J: John Wiley & Sons. 27-30