This paper will discuss Beyonce as one of the famous modern divas. She is an American popular singer and actress who started her career by singing and dancing in various competitions while still a child. She became famous in early 1990s leading R&B group. Beyonce has been successful in her music career and won very many awards in the course. She is also one of the stars that have changed the face of music (Scheper, 2016, p.2). Her reputation in music has been shaped by many factors. First and foremost, Beyonce is a bold person when taking risks. More so in her music career, she has been able to sell massive records because of this specific attribute. The other factor is that she is a smart business woman who is aimed to achieve an outstanding goal in the business world. Such attributes have contributed in shaping her reputation in her career (Biography.com Editors, 2017).

           For one to be a diva, it begins with personal traits that can drive that person towards reaching there. One needs to be driven; for instance, by identifying the specific thing you to attain in life and steps involved in attaining that. With this in mind, one will always strive to do the best in life so as to be a role model that others can look up to (Scheper, 2016, p.61). Secondly, one needs to be inspiring; for instance, one needs to focus on the qualities of one’s best interest by looking at how to attain such qualities and how to exercise them in a perfect way possible. This teaches us on how to avoid negativity in life. One is also required to learn on how to deal with every kind of person including the most difficult ones. Additionally, it is important to be accountable of every day of your life; with this, we cannot waste any opportunity in life. The third characteristic of a successful diva is one who strives to be victorious. Such person will always aim keep forward regardless of the challenges. For one to be victorious, it is important to learn how to respond to new environments. Victory is also characterized by a person who does not get afraid of the failures but instead builds up from the missteps. The other important trait is taking action; action speaks that you have done something it is always the start of success. Therefore, for one to attain diva status, she must put all these traits in consideration. The other factors include being confident in oneself, independent and someone admirable attributes.

          Beyonce’s personal life has played a significant role in shaping her reputation as a diva. Firstly, she has always wanted to be a superstar since her childhood (Scheper, 2016, p.61). This is a goal she has always longed to achieve and having this goal in mind, she has always been motivated to attain it. She starts her career by singing in and dancing in celebration and he went on strengthening it as time went on. This means, having a goal in mind pushes one towards attaining it. Beyonce also has a character of being bold; by looking at all her performances, she is ashamed of performing in any way and that has made her win many awards because of her distinct courage. Creativity is also another character of Beyonce as she aims at coming up with a new things always (Easlea, 2011, p.4). She releases new things after a short time including new styles of music and this makes her stay popular time after time. Despite her popularity and unique styles in her music, the singer and the actress has faced severe criticism from the public. In most of her performances, she has been criticized of her nude dressing.

            With the advancement in the technology, Beyonce as one of the divas has been able to strengthen her status. Modern technology plays a big role in promoting music experts. Mass media plays a significant role in sales promotion. In the past years, it would take a long time for a given song released to reach the market. However, with the current technology, mass media plays a big role in delivering songs in the market and a song can flood allover as soon as it is released. This has simplified marketing for many divas today. Musicians are able to interact with their fans through social media and through interacting with their customers; they always produce the best in the market. Advancement in technology also promotes creativity; Beyonce is one of the divas who have invested in technology to boost her music. Through creativity, she is able to incorporate other people’s talent in her own music thus, making her music smarter (Scheper, 2016, p.61). Additionally, she comes up with new things, new styles that hit the world in a different way always and this is through the help of technology. However, technology has also affected music industry in a negative way by encouraging piracy. This is a disadvantage to musicians because there music is able to leak out without their authorization.

           Beyonce is a public image whose characters have inspired many. She is known of wearing revealing clothes in her performances, however, while in her day to day life, she does not dress the same. She is a vocal feminist who has fought for feminism through her songs. She is hood at dealing with problems (Scheper, 2016, p.131). When she faces criticism, just as she did with her ex-destiny members, she was able restructure and move on. In addition to all these, Beyonce is also a charitable woman; she donated to Houston charity. And all these traits have contributed to her being a public image. The truth is that she is loved by many.

           One of the tragic incidents by the diva was a story about miscarriage which was narrated by the diva herself. After their joyous wedding with her husband, they were well prepared to get a baby. However, something went wrong in the early stages of pregnancy which led to the loss of their baby (Biography.com Editors, 2017). This tragic incident attracted many reactions from the public and many associated it to illuminate.

Conclusion

             Beyonce is one of the successful divas that are famous worldwide. She started her music career early in her childhood. She was motivated by the fact that she had a goal of becoming a superstar and this made her strive towards attaining that. One of the characteristic attributed to her personal life is being fearless. In all her performances, she is always brave and this is the attribute that can make any diva successful. She has clear understanding of business and she is always aimed at attaining the best and this has increased her popularity. She has had outstanding popularity because of her unique and new styles in music. Beyonce is a diva that has inspired many people in the realm of music acting.

References

Scheper, J. (2016). Moving performances: divas, iconicity, and remembering the modern stage. http://public.eblib.com/choice/publicfullrecord.aspx?p=4769488.

Easlea, D. (2011). Crazy in Love. London, Music Sales. http://public.eblib.com/choice/PublicFullRecord.aspx?p=5089841.

Biography.com Editors. (2017). Beyonce Knowles Biography.com. Published by A&E Television Networks.

https://www.biography.com/people/beyonce-knowles-39230

                                                ENGLISH AND LITERATURE                                      

                                    Love

Song: Lonely

Artist: Akon

Lyrics

Never thought that I'd be alone (be alone).
I didn't think you'd be gone this long (gone so long).
I just want you to call my phone.
So, stop playing, girl, and come on home (come on home).

In the lyrics, the speaker Akon indicates that although they have strong emotions for each other, the connections, and relationships they have had been detached completely. The speaker realizes that the kind of love and affection he had for her wife was retrospective.

In the book The Handmaid’s Tale, we see that love is something which is more remembered that it is practiced. Even when it is illustrated that the characters possess feelings for one another, they end up fighting them off. This is due to the fact that strong feelings are dangerous because it results into heartbreaks. From the past, there is nothing to hold onto. This can be from this quote “What I feel towards them is blankness. What I feel is that I must not feel. What I feel is partly relief, because none of these men is Luke. Luke wasn't a doctor. Isn't. (Atwood 25). In this situation, the complex emotions of the narrator mainly stems from the relief she felt that was no conclusive evidence that the guy she used to love had died that day.

                        Marriage

Song: "(How Could You) Bring Him Home"

Artist: Eamon

Lyrics

I never thought that I’d do something like that
When I saw you two, it hit me like a heart attack
(oh no)
How could you let somebody into (our door)
How could you bring him home

I never thought I’d loose my temper like that
now it's a fucked up situation, he ain’t coming back
(oh no)

In these lyrics, Eamon presents the concept of love from the perspectives of the husbands and wives and their society. Even though marriage is perceived as being sacred, standard problems do arise between husbands and their wives.  This entails things like sexual desires, communication, and understandings. This therefore indicates that the manner in which marriage has been separated from love weakens the foundation of marriage.

The society illustrated in the book The Handmaid’s Tale, privileges and honors 1^st marriage excessively. Second wives with children are considered to have the opportunity of becoming Handmaids. Regardless of that, we see that when marriage is honored officially, it is taken as being a joke with wives and husbands always separated with their community. “As for my husband, she said, he's just that. My husband. I want that to be perfectly clear. Till death do us part. It's final” (Atwood 36). In this situation, Serena Joy depends on the passage from the marriage function to remind inform the narrator the manner in which she must be in the position to enter into a relationship with the commander.

                                    Human trust

Song: Bed of Lies

Artist: Nicki Minaj Featuring Skylar Grey

Lyrics

[Hook: Skylar Grey]

Do you ever think of me when you lie?

Lie down in your bed, your bed of lies

And I knew better than to look in your eyes

They only pretend you would be mine

In the lyrics, the speaker Skylar Grey highlights the extent in which it difficult to trust each other. Both the lovers are involved in betrayal because of their love is based on lies hence deteriorating their trust.

In the book, The Handmaid’s Tale, the capacity of trusting each other is regarded as important component of love. We see that in totalitarian regime, those individuals who are in power work purposely to undermine that trust.  “This woman has been my partner for two weeks. I don't know what happened to the one before. On a certain day she simply wasn't there anymore, and this one was there in her place. It isn't the sort of thing you ask questions about, because the answers are not usually answers you want to know. Anyway there wouldn't be an answer.” (Atwood 8). In this case, Ofglen tries to point out the problem of disconnect between people in their community. This is what in return results to distrust in the society.

Work cited

Atwood, Margaret. The Handmaid's Tale. , 2011. Internet resource.

Glenn C. Altschuler is a historian who analyses the impact caused by rock n roll on the American culture. He introduces a unique perspective that conveys the cultural conflicts caused by rock n roll which was characterized by hip swaying and foot tapping. He draws examples from factors such as race generational, differences and sexuality.

 All shook up takes is an exciting book that informs on matters such as politics, social relationships between various races and explores how roc n roll culture spread, replaced and integrated with the society in spite of conflicting with the other cultural values. This is clear in the book's chapters which focus on race and sexuality. The book is all encompassing as it examines and evaluates race relations during rock n roll movement (Altschuler, 2004).

Altschuler deliberately commences with the political atmosphere that was awaken by civil rights movement and roc n roll music, noting that it was a period when black Americans wanted equal human rights as the whites. White segregationists were threatened by a large number of court cases which were supported rights and integration of American society. Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka Kansas and a win for the Montgomery Improvement Association in the case that was desegregation of public transport. Most white people were comfortable with segregation before the amendment of the law. The resistance to roc n roll was fuelled by the unrest caused by the civil rights movement.  Resistance was of two kinds: white Americans utilized the music as a platform for campaigning and discussion of anti-integration sentiments while others prevented blacks from getting any attention from the media. The Ku Klux Klan, a white supremacist group, became active and condemned listening to rock n roll. White supremacists claimed that it was jungle music because of its beats and that it would cause white youths to lose morality and humanity as they mixed with other races (Altschuler, 2004).

Sometimes resistance against roc n roll resulted to assaults on black musicians. In the book, Altschuler narrates how ‘Nat King Cole’, one of the best black performer of that time, was violently beaten. He was performing at a white's only event when a mob came on stage and brutally beat him. In spite of this assault, ‘Nat King Cole’ did not get any sympathy from the black community, instead, they criticized him for not demanding to be granted an integrated venue before performing. Most of white communities seemed to support the attack while other accused ‘Nat King Cole' of his jungle music that made people wild. Others leveled baseless accusations against him claiming that he had intentions of sleeping with white revelers at the concert. Resistance resulted in violence (Altschuler, 2004).

The second type of resistance to roc n roll was also outright devastating to black artists of the time. White radio producers hid black musicians from white gatherings. The writer coins the terms ‘cloroxed’ and ‘bleached’ to explain the holing up of black American artists from white crowds. White producers would select a white musician and chose for them a potential hit song from a black artist and made them perform the song with modifications which excluded components associated with the black artists such as provocative dances or ‘emotive moaning’. This was a plus for the white producers as they would make money from black artists’ content while at the same time appeal to the white audience without the inclusion of the black musicians. Musicians who were considered icons such as ‘Pat Boone’, ‘Georgia Gibbs’, and ‘Elvis’ made their first steps as musicians by the exploitation of black musicians. This led to replacement of black artists with more white impersonators who would use their content. (Altschuler, 2004).

The clash caused by roc n roll music can connect to an institutional resistance of white Americans to integration, contraceptives and the widespread exploitation of black Americans all over the country.  ‘All shook up’ brings up the point of political considerations on matters that involve the youth and contraceptives. Only two states abode by the laws banning contraceptive usage in the 1950s.Roc n roll revolution emerged simultaneously with institutional revolution, which seemed to give consent to premarital sex. Parents and elders viewed new contraceptive policies as allowing unacceptable sexual behaviors as contraceptives eliminated consequences of immorality such as pregnancy and sexually transmitted diseases. Before these laws, the core values and principles of the society advised the youth to abstain from sex until marriage. However, premarital sex was discussed by the government, and they concluded that a child could engage in sexual behavior but in a safe way. This gave way to the contraceptive policies. Rock n roll was more vocal and extreme on sexual matters. It urged the youths to engage in sex regardless of the advice from parents. Youths related to this message and it made them seek a more passionate relationship with the music. (Altschuler, 2004).

Roc n roll made sex sound casual. It was presented as a standard practice that young people engage in when they fall in love. The older generation reacted to this using tactics that would resist the trend. Adults tried to censor sexual lyrics in roc n roll. This was achieved through bleaching. ‘Bleaching’ was replacing vulgar lyrics with more wholesome words. Another way was through magazine campaigns. Articles would be printed to advise the youth and the masses to stick to good morals and abstain from premarital sex .These measures were not good enough and did not get an adequate response.  Courts received petitions and requests for radio stations to avoid playing sexual pervasive and abusive lyrics. The situation escalated to full censorship of music to the extent disc jockeys could not play any music from black artists. White artists who impersonated the blacks saved the roc n roll movement. They gave it a good public relation by cleaning the explicit sexual lyrics, sound, and the perceived look until the white community accepted it. Parents did not want their children to listen to wild roc n roll artists such as ‘Richard Penniman’ but would grant permission to artists with decent lyrics such as Pat Boone. Due to censorship, roc n roll became mainstream again as white artists such as ‘Elvis Presley’ and ‘Jerry Lewis’ reintroduced explicit sexual content to roc n roll (Altschuler, 2004).

News outlets were never left behind when it came to roc n roll as they painted a negative picture of the genre. Headlines such as ‘roc n roll brawl hospitalize youth’ by  ‘The New York Times ‘were very common in in the 1950s.The headline would then go ahead to explain how white and black boys were in a fight at a roc n roll concert attended by thousands of fans. It would then exaggerate the events that took place by describing how a fifteen-year-old boy was stabbed and thrown on a railway track. The police would then blame it on the Negro youths. This went to further taint the image of roc n roll. For an estimated two years ‘The Times’ printed articles that blame roc n roll for the violence that occurred before and after the concerts. They claimed that roc n roll tune alone would cause destruction. When there was no violence to blame during concerts, they would call it unusual and attribute it to the presence of police. In the mass media, the alarmist drowned out the voice of the apologists. They condemned roc n roll viciously. "Smells phony and false, "said ‘Frank Sinatra’. Others complained that it was written by goons and by unsober minded individuals. Psychologists also gave their view claiming that teenagers who embraced the music had a deeply rooted abnormality of wanting to belong. ‘New York Times’ gave the platform to psychologist Frank who claimed that roc n roll was "cannibalistic and tribalistic" form of music, which appealed to rebellious youths (Altschuler, 2004).

Leaders were not left behind in criticizing roc n roll. The nation's elders and leaders were angry over roc n roll. They regarded it as trash, but they differed on its impact on the youth. Judge ‘Hilda Schwartz’, presided over Youth ‘court in New York City. She blamed a few rebellious youths for the disturbances and violence associated with roc n roll. She compared roc n roll to ‘Charleston’ which allowed teenagers to discharge a lot of energy that would make them cause harm. Some cities across the United States banned roc n roll in Atlanta, Georgia. Parents were instructed by mayors to go with their children to public concerts. San Antonio, Texas city council, got rid of roc n roll music from the jukeboxes. Boston mayor ‘John D Hynes’ announced that the city public would not be rented out to roc n roll promoters and concerts. Roc n roll white artiste was not spared from criticism from leaders. After ‘Elvis Presley’ performed ‘hound dog’ while using vulgar language and sexual gyrations. The ‘New York Daily’ news was not pleased with His performance. Politician and Congressman ‘Emanuel Celler’also weighed in on the performance and said it had no space among white people and should be restricted to the blacks. Many organizations such as ‘North Alabama white citizens' council took a strict standpoint on opposing roc n roll music by barring its access to the mainstream market. Carter, secretary to the organization, took to the public to criticize roc n roll. He demanded that the music is struck out of the jukeboxes. This angered jukebox owners who made most of their profits from roc n roll. Carter stated categorically that," roc n roll is the basic heavy beat music of Negroes. It appeals to the base in man and brings out “animalism and vulgarity." (Newsweek, (April 23, 1956).

In spite of the financial disadvantages the black roc n roll artists faced in the 1950s, roc n roll was an essential tool in making the black Americans earn respect from the youth who loved their music. This respect led to a change in attitude that came along way in assisting black leaders to gain support for the civil rights movement. The rise of roc n roll coincided with that of the right public changes in the 1950s.The youth of America were becoming old enough to vote and contribute to other functions of the society in America. Their attitude towards integration was soon manifested in the legislations and policies of political leaders. This assisted the civil rights movement gain its momentum and support through the civil rights act of the year 1964 and the voting right of 1965 (Shi, and Tindall, 2015).

‘W.E.B Du Bois’ a graduate from Frisk University narrated the achievements of the ‘Jubilee Singers’ in his book, ‘souls of the Black folks’. Du Bois discusses the spirit of the black people were ignored until the ‘Fisk jubilee’ sang slave songs that contained profound messages to the world's heart. The world can never forget that message. This resulted to the plight of the slaves being known to the white audiences. Although people looked at the ‘Fisk Jubilee Singers’ in term of entertainment some went further to analyze their message. The ‘Fisk jubilee singers’ did not have the mass appeal of the young audience nor the advantage that came with technology, but their news spread all over. Their spiritual songs were sang in churches as of gospel music. The ‘Fisk jubilee singers’ laid a foundation for roc n roll musicians of the 1950s. (Altschuler, 2004).

‘Little central high school in Arkansas’: there were about nine African American pupils who were denied access to the institution despite a court order that entrusted the school administration to let the students attend the school. Governor’Orval Faubus’ was in support of the students. President Eisenhower sent an airborne plane to ensure the court order was followed and to protect the right of the black children to education. These events were successful, and they challenged the legal existence of segregation among the Americans. Many people who supported segregation were threatened by such activities thus they reacted violently toward leaders such as Martin Luther King Jr. Such events that supported integration made roc n roll a target. ‘Eisenhower’ suggested that integration is best if it comes through the change of heart rather than law. This statement by Eisenhower, was unknowingly implemented through roc n roll music which changed the heart of many white youths to accept integration.Roc n roll black musicians were unknowingly changing the way white people felt about black Americans. Roc n roll, therefore, played a part in civil rights movement (Shi, and Tindall, 2015).

Rock n roll has left a remarkable mark in the world since the day it started. It has impacted the social, fashion and even the political world beyond the twentieth century. It has changed with time to subgenres which are still influential and relevant to the society as a whole.Roc n roll has passed the test of time and hopefully will live generations to come, impacting the culture both positively and controversially.

References

 Altschuler, G.C. (2004).All shook up: how rock n roll changed America. New York: oxford university press

Shi, David E., and Tindall, George, America: The Essential Learning Edition. New York: W.W.

Norton & Company, 2015

White Citizens Council vs. Rock and Roll," Newsweek, (April 2 3, 1956) p22-32

 Who would have guessed that music could make such a powerful impact in society? Altschuler wrote a book that looks into the roots and origin of rock and roll. It seeks to study the effects of the music and what it stood for. The book looked at how the music changed popular culture and   morality in of the United States in the 1950s.It discussed the issue of race and how roc n roll seemed to defy race and was played in white neighborhoods. The music seemed to defy social norms of the society and brought out sexuality and romance out in the open in spite of a rather conservative society. Rock n roll also deepened the generation gap fissures as it had a large audience with teenagers as opposed to the old generation. The book explains how the music changed and even challenged the America culture and laid a solid foundation for society defiance (Altschuler, 2004).At a time when the politics in America were focusing on averting another world war three by claiming ‘there is no substitute for victory’ the birth of roc n roll did not come as a surprise as it seems to be fuelled by the current society’s present situation (Shi and tindell 2015).

 One of the main issues observed in the book is the struggle to stifle and suppress the modern uprising caused by rock n roll music. In the 1950s the youths loved roc n Roll and embraced the music which was known for its loud and electric sound. The older generated were against it and deemed it as immoral and could not tolerate it. This led to a generational conflict (Shi and tindell 2015). The community members and parents who were for ‘dynamic conservatism’ (Shi and tindell 2015) reacted by banning roc n roll concerts in order to prevent the havoc that was the norm during, before and after their concerts. The media was not left behind as it described roc n roll as ‘communicable disease’. The society wondered why the youth were attracted to chaotic music. The older generation were against the music because it contained abusive and violent language, encouraged reckless sexual behavior use and abuse of ‘hard’ drugs (Shi and tindell 2015) .With increased crime rate, parents quickly blamed rock n roll and pushed for its banning from radio stations and social events. However, this did not stop rock n roll from being popular in the 1940s and 1950s and the generation gap widen as rock n roll went ahead to influence language dressing, attitudes and the social norms of the time. Altschuler’s claimed that the older generation did not understand the younger generation of the 1950s and why they preferred that type of music. Parents linked roc n roll to the increase in rude behavior that they got from their children due to its emotional stimuli and vulgar language .The community failed to realize that it was just a phase that the children were to pass through on their way to adulthood and was not a permanent phase. On the other side, it is keen to observe that the music encouraged the children to disobey their parents through the messages it portrayed (Altschuler, 2004).In the late 1960s roc n roll had caused a cultural resistance that allowed different type of life styles such as ‘dropping out’ of college, growing long unkept   hair, wearing ‘eccentric clothes’ (Shi and tindell 2015) and irresponsible sexual behavior. Some youths used the opportunity to spread the influence in other areas of the society such as politics. They were known as ‘new left’ (Shi and tindell 2015) and they advocated for change in the society. The group also promoted ‘participatory democracy’ that allows politics to be changed from different points of view other than the traditional way of political parties (Shi and tindell 2015).

 Roc n roll brought up the issue of race. The emergence of rock n roll music is credited to interaction of black and white urbanites. Rock n roll seemed to integrate blacks into the white community. It also became popular at a time when black Americans were fighting for their civil rights. ‘Martin Luther king’s speech’, ‘Brown v board of Topeka’. (Altschuler, 2004) among other important black history events took place at a time when rock music popularity was on the rise .Rock n roll were sang at rallies and  demonstrations to encourage black community through music. The songs used to encourage the protesters to push forth with their course and stay focused. The role played by rock n roll led people to force musicians to support their race and community. For example a musician such as Antoine ‘fats’ Domino  was criticized for not performing  at  segregated  venues for the black community .Therefore, rock n roll had a role to play during the civil right movements of the 1950s. (Altschuler, 2004)

 Children were taught not to engage in premarital sex   and to abstain until they are married to a spouse. They were also taught to respect their elders and the importance of a good education that would be the key to a good job and generally respectable lifestyle. These were the society norms in the 1950s but rock n roll went against each of these norms. It openly talked about sex and encouraged it outside marriage. The lyrics of roc n roll songs were sexual: ‘there’ll be fifteen minutes of kissing’ and ‘then you’ll holler, please don’t stop’ by Dominoes (Altschuler, 2004) sent the society into complete panic as it was against their moral code. A campaign was initiated to ban the production and distribution of roc n roll which in affected the careers and reputation of other musicians who sang other genres of music such as rhythm and blues (Altschuler, 2004). 

Roc n roll outcompeted live concerts, soap opera and live concerts with their record sells. The music genre that came close to outshining roc was pop music. Teenagers in the 1954 and 1959 were buying rock n roll records that accumulatively summed up to 214 million dollars. Market shares of important recording companies declined as artists went to more independent smaller companies that recorded roc n roll as opposed to the major labels. American federation of Musicians blamed America society of composers, Authors and Publishers (ASCAP), accusing them of favoring rock n roll thus manipulating the mass media against them. This caused radio stations and televisions to switch to other genres of music such as pop and folk hence caused rock n roll to lose popularity (Altschuler, 2004). 

As it lost grip in the Unites States of America, it started to take root and gain popularity in England. ‘Buddy holly’ died in a plane crash in England and an album: ‘Buddy Holly Story’ was released in his honor (Altschuler, 2004). It did well in the market and sold a lot of copies. ‘Buddy holly’ played an important role in inspiring ‘The Beatles’ through his album. ‘The Beatles’ came to America in the 1950s paid homage to roc n roll legends of the 1950s such as ‘chuck berry’. ‘The Beatles’ songs performed well in the charts and as more British musicians came to the USA, they revived the rock n roll music again. (Altschuler, 2004). 

Rock n roll still remain as an influence and has had an impact on today’s society. Rock n roll has defied and influenced aspects of the film industry and also the fashion industry. In the 1970s the music became more accepted in the society and it gained a new reputation and a more sanitized ‘face make- over’ (Shaw, 1987) than the usual violence sex, drugs and money that people were used to. It was no longer ‘music associated with the youth’ (Shaw, 1987) but it had subgenres which allow everybody to listen to it.This has made it the most listened to music all over the world. The relevance of roc n roll over time has been due its social influence in the society. It has footprints on fashion, politics and religion where it has taken shape due its persistence. Rock n roll has seen to address social issues. In his song ‘buffalo soldier’, Bob Marley address American imperialism. (Shaw, 1987). 

Rock n roll has really left a remarkable mark in the world since the day it started. It has impacted the social, fashion and even the political world beyond the twentieth century. It has changed with time to subgenres which are still influential and relevant to the society as a whole.Roc n roll has passed the test of time and hopefully will live generations to come, impacting the society both positively and controversially.

References

Shaw, A. (1987). The rockin' 50s: The decade that transformed the pop music scene. New York, N.Y: Da Capo Press.

Altschuler, G.C. (2004).All shook up: how rock n roll changed America. New York: oxford university press

Shi, David E. and Tindall, George, America: The Essential Learning Edition. New York: W.W.

Norton & Company, 2015

Global Metal Viewing

Sam Dunn’s exploration and culture has really impacted me, in the sense that I understand the effect of music in the society. In addition, I have seen how music can be used as a means of conquering a world full of evils, thus transforming it to be a better place. Global metal is a good example of how influential music can be, and how music can change the outcome of a given situation in a country (Scot, Sam, n.p). Depending on how good music is, a good music can reach people in different parts of the world, even though it might not be in a language which can be understood by many. For instance, metal has been transformed in different countries in the world, which include Israel, with oriental metal, Chinese black metal and Iran’s thrash metal. These countries are therefore able to change the music genre into a form which they can understand, hence producing songs which can pass serious and critical message.     

Sam Dunn’s exploration has proved that music is the new tool for seeking revolution. In a world where demonstrations, protests, and strikes were being used as a means of advocating for change, things have shifted, making music to be a peaceful tool which encourages people to fight for their rights (Scot, Sam, n.p). In countries which were usually faced with democratic challenges, music will really help in conquering such issues, thus changing the phase of revolutions all over the world. In addition, in a world which is faced with all sorts of evils, it is necessary to use music such as metal, to pass a strong message of change.

Hip hop music, a genre which was born out of political out of control streets in the U.S and Latino, has also been used to change the world. Hip hop music has now been transformed into different cultures all over the world, and is being used as a means of passing message. This music genre has also dominated African countries, which include: Senegal, South Africa, Tanzania, Egypt and Nigeria. In addition, countries such as France, Brazil, Palestine, and Cuba also enjoy hip hop music (Scot, Sam, n.p). These type of music is being used to encourage and motivate the youths to work hard in life, in order to reach their goals. In addition, it has helped to do away with poverty and crime, since more youths are opting to build their careers as hip hop musicians, rather than in indulging in criminal activities.    

Music has not only proved to be a symbol of change, but also an art, which can create job opportunities for the youths. Global metal has therefore explained how useful music can be, as it can change whatever seems impossible, through focusing on the good and not the evil. People can therefore use music to air their grievances to the government, and their grievances can be heard and be taken care of (Scot, Sam, n.p). Due to the growth of music, and the way most people are embracing western music, the world is changing, and people will soon be using music as a form of passing message to poor and evil leaders, thus advocating for change. Streets all over the world will not be filled by demonstrators and protestors, but music will be used as a weapon of change, hence music is a weapon like no other.

Work Cited

Scot McFayden, Sam Dunn. Global Metal: IMDb (2008).

American Classical Music

 Philip Glass was born in 1937 in a middle-class family. He joined Peabody Institute in Baltimore where he studied flute and later joined the University of Chicago. In 1964, he went in Paris to further his studies and composition. At the age of 6 -15, Phillip was playing the violin, the flute and piano. Later, he joined Juilliard School in New York where he was encouraged to study courses in composition (Glass, chapter 1). Since he was young, Phillip had the desire of becoming a musician though his family could respect art work as a career. Some of his compositions include ‘Music in Twelve Parts (1974) with simple melodies, Einstein on the Beach, Akhnaten among many (Glass, chapter 1).

 In 20^th century, Phillip gained superficial remarks for his great work in composition. Phillip is well known for establishing a minimalistic movement during the postwar era in America.  Minimalism music during his time had minimal compositional details, texture and structure. In other words, he introduced a compositional language and employed minimum elements in music (Glass, chapter 2). Generally, his compositions such as ‘Music ion Fifth’ (1969) have minimal style and extensive repetitions. Minimalism in the work of Phillip was a reaction to ‘Abstract Expressionism’ He presented the minimalism movement through developing a quiet revolution such as use of repetitive patterns (Candelaria & Kingman, 264).  His music is hypnotic and they are able to bring a state of mindfulness. In other words, his music play role in modern societies by providing social awareness and aesthetic experience. It allows the society members to consider the humanity and creating a meaningful life.

 In minimalism, Philip concentrated on the process of music but not the musical structures.  His music comprised harmony, rhythm melody and minimal musical manipulation. He developed complex musical language and stylish development to bring transformation after postwar. According to Neo-Riemannian theory, minimalism artist concentrate on creating harmonic relations (Candelaria & Kingman, 280). The themes of minimalism in the music art show that people should live a deliberate and a meaningful life. Minimalism brings the reality in cultural phenomenon and allows listeners to relate the sound with life and gain new perspectives.

            When he was studying composition in Paris, he was influenced by Samuel Beckett. At this period, he composed musics such as ‘String Quartet No.1 (1966) which comprise a repeated structure and Play (1965) which comprise soprano saxophone (Glass, chapter 1).  From 1967 to 1970, he moved in New York from Paris where he continued with his minimalism work by using dissonance, amplified instruments and pulsating rhythms. The minimalist movement was influenced by ‘additive processes’ in Indian music. In his artwork, he could use both intuitive additive processes and rigorous process. By 1974, his minimalist work had gained popularity and this is the period when he ended minimalism (Glass, chapter 1). During the period, he had brought evolution by expanded the Philip Glass ensemble- a group which presented harmony differentiations. His visit to India provided him with knowledge and skills on Eastern music and modular-form style. The experience made him to apply Eastern principles in his compositions. The Philip Glass Ensemble performed musical arts such as Music in Fifths (1969), Music in Twelve Parts (1971-1974) and others (Glass, chapter 2).

 Phillip says that when composing music, he could hear the music in a vision and later he could spend time to interpret the music. In the language of music, he was able to unfold ideas. Phillip Glass is well-known as a famous composer of classical music. His work remembered in the contemporary culture since his songs he did not only maintain artistic integrity while singing but he also touched social issues (Glass, chapter 2). The interesting thing about traditional music like those of Philip is that they have a vital force that connection people with society truths and nature.

Work cited

Glass, Philip. Words Without Music: A Memoir. , 2015. Internet resource.

Candelaria, Lorenzo F, and Kingman Daniel. American Music: A Panorama. Belmont, Calif: Wadsworth,

2011. Print.

Copyright

Today, with the increasing rate of internet liberation and growth where there is a high duplication of images based on its well organization globally. Businesses are today required to understand copyrights laws in order to avoid the infringement of others right (133). In addition, it is important for them to comprehend how the creative arts can be guarded against any rights violation. This means that if an individual purchases some work but one can never do what they are pleased with because the content and the ideas are not their own which might result in infringement. Given that creative works are well guarded by the law it is illegal to utilize the work of others particularly for commercial purposes (Riley 149). Any activity must be directed by law which requires one to acquire authorization from the major source.

It is projected that every year more than a thousand persons are apprehended for distributing copyrighted materials and files such as videos or music (Thierer 8). Based on the American copyright act, distributing copyrighted or patent content is prohibited (Bouchoux 303). This is the general basis that individuals are sued because they disrupt the regulations. Sharing files from any copyrighted work has been on the rise which is particularly fueled by internet advancement. In addressing the issue DMCA and DRM laws mainly offer protections to these materials via barring the illegal distribution, regeneration or even operation (Bouchoux 303). In performing such acts one is required to acquire permission from the owner. DMCA is a national decree that works against the avoiding of copyright owner’s DRM while outlining some exclusions in regard to fair use (Bouchoux 303). The provision guard’s services providers from acquiring monetary destructions acquired from infringing operations in regard to their users if they have met certain requirements. DMCA is considered to be a growing threat that endangers fair use, obstructs rivalry, invention and restricts expressions (Bouchoux 303). However, if one avoided DRM mainly fails to incorporate infringing fair utilizations or is aimed at creating tools that seek to preserve the rights of the original owner then one will definitely acquire an ultimate lawsuit.

With the increasing digital works that are circulating in the higher rate copyrights controls should never be avoided given that one is bound to face heavy criminal penalties. Fair use does not refer to a guard to the illegal act of avoiding or trafficking guarded content. It is not really important that an individual has avoided DRM in the quest of making fair utilization of copyrighted content or ideas (Thierer 9). Anti-circumvention can best be described as the legal regulation that prohibits technological circumvention limitations for utilizing digital content in ways that the holder’s right is against. In this context, circumventing DRM of files that have been acquired legally cannot be considered to be fair use unless the rights holder’s legality permits it (Thierer 9). However, there are several conditions where regeneration, distribution, and operation does not qualify as unlawful while under fair use. In that, in case the files are not regenerated or distributed for monetary purposes or they are used in research this is accounted as fair use. The law also asserts that no one should act with intentions or with adequate knowledge to persuade, activate, simplify or obscure infringement (Thierer 9). Businesses are, therefore, required to obey the stated conditions when utilizing materials or files that are guarded by the law whose fail might result in criminality considerations.

Work Cited

(n.d). Chapter 5: Copyright. Pp. 133- 167. Pdf.

Bouchoux, Deborah E. Intellectual Property: The Law of Trademarks, Copyrights, Patents, and Trade Secrets. Clifton Park, NY: Delmar Cenage Learning, 2013. Print.

Riley, Brendan. The Digital Age Detective: Mysteries Ina Changing Landscape of Literacy. , 2017. Internet resource.

Thierer, Adam D. Permissionless Innovation: The Continuing Case for Comprehensive Technological Freedom. , 2016. Print.

Extra Credit

Looking for a Leader is a song by Neil Young which largely addresses the need for a certain kind of a leader who will bring transformation to the country. The song is about the need for a leader who will bring unity to the country before its systems dies. The artists allude to the need for a young leader who will cleanse the country of the corruption, associate with the people to make America strong.  The leader being sought is in the country, only that he has not been found and as the country is going to election the leader must be found. The leader should be should be clean and with a great spirit to leader America which has beautiful but ugly inside. The leader should be able to walk among his people and lead them from desolation.

The wording of the song relates to a S3-supportive leadership that involves high supportive and low directive. This kind of a leader does not direct his focus solely in goals but by using supportive behavior, he or she is able to bring the skills of the follower around some given tasks (Northouse, 2013). The leader is able to associate with followers through listening, seeking for input and offering feedback. The followers are given an opportunity to make decisions on a daily basis. The followers who are alluded to in the song are the citizens who do not have the motivation to bring change due to bad leadership. The leader should be able to interact with the followers and help in cleansing the country of the current corruption and make the country great on the inside.

Reference

Neil Young - Lookin' For a Leader. Retrieved from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lUT4oU5Ljb0

Northouse, P. G. (2013). Leadership: Theory and practice. Thousand Oaks: SAGE. 103-104

What is Knittel’s thesis?

Knittel’s main argument is that Beethoven assumes the position of the best significance in the history of music since he completes a single epoch and commences another and all musicians in the 19^th and 20^th Centuries collectively uphold his double role. According to Knittel, Beethoven contributed a powerful cast spell on all musicians who surfaced after him (Knittel, 2016). These musicians have not been able to escape the influence brought about by Beethoven and those who have attempted have always failed miserably.

What are the central features of the Beethoven myth?

The main characteristics of Beethoven’s myth are that he holds the greatest single contribution to music’s history since he undoubtedly stands out among the greatest masters for his ability which many perceive as genius and colossal (KN1TTEL, 2001). Beethoven was not just a great musician, but also an individual who did much more in music than any other individual. Beethoven wrote at a moment when the Western culture was his background, like the economic and social systems were undergoing serious transformations. He created the romantic, purely emotional music that was demanded by the upper classes of capitalism. Beethoven offered music that was dignified and exclusive in the sense that it appealed to the emotional make-up of his fans. He ensured that all individuals who afforded the luxury of music were now worldly and numerous.

Why was the perceived organic unity of Beethoven’s works such an important metaphor in a German nationalist context?

The manner in which Beethoven’s music was received in Germany indicated his heroic style and a biographical myth into the varied ways in which his music has been comprehended (Ronyak, 2016). The main reason as to why his music was a significant metaphor is because it was lyrical, light and displayed a unique grasp in the way music was understood. Moreover, it was believed that the foundations of Beethoven’s music had a genetic hybridism that influenced its developments in a great way. Generally, the hybridity led to the widespread composition of Beethoven’s success.

References

Knittel, K. M. (2016). Seeing Mahler: music and the language of antisemitism in fin-de-siècle Vienna. Routledge.

KN1TTEL, K. M. (2001). The construction of Beethovcn. The Cambridge History of Nineteenth-Century Music, 118.

Ronyak, J. (2016). Beethoven within Grasp: The Nineteenth-Century Reception of ‘Adelaide’. Music & Letters, 97(2), 249-276.

A Procession Winding Around Me

The music influences some people in different ways. Some live the lifestyle meaning dress or look alike, and others think and interact in everyday life to the music they listen to. In reality, music shapes the character and the general feeling of people. It is designed in different ways to fit different groups of individuals and to deliver specific messages intended by the musician.

In never used to listen to music before and the reason was just simple. We were brought up from a humble background where listening to radio news was just a nightmare, leave alone listening to music. I used to see my neighbor`s small radio which was placed mostly on the rack outside his house during day time so that his children could not get hold of it and `spoil`  as he used to say. I was not able to hear any single word from that small two dry celled radio whenever I tried to. My neighbor always argued that loud volume could lead to a fast exhaustion of his dry cell batteries. The music “Dona Nobis Pacem” by Ralph Vaughan Willams is very emotional music. Which is composed of different music instrument that is played at different intervals to enhance the message delivering and create the situation livelily. Tones are varied in a way y that they can match the speed of the instrument thus creating a sense of harmony and creation of rhythmic effects. Made me think not about the music but my past life.What I experienced a long time ago was just recalled as if it did happen the other day and not long ago. In front of my eyes, all sad parts of my life were passing like I was choosing photos from computer to print in physical form. The music moved me. I felt despair and lack of moral support. I had not imagined message of such kind.As the music begins the feeling of sorrow overwhelms me. I felt somehow tired and motionless 00.05-00.08. As the choir continues, I start to look at my personal life and how can do to set myself free from the bondage of difficult life. A life that is full of problems and without any person who can give help to the challenges I face every day. As the choir continues, music instruments are being heard which creates some form of restoration and a bit entertaining 00.31-00.09. Immediately as the choir begins to sing the first stanza, my heart starts to beat a bit faster which increase with the rising of the instrument sound and the tone of the choir.

There is no doubt that the entire music has demonstrated unique elements of music. At the beginning of the music, the song is welcomed in a soft way through moderate hand claps. The aspect of tone color is captured between 00.47-00.52 (Miller, 2015).Music instruments demonstrate different sounds that can be easily detected by the audience. At a glance. They are designed logically to reinforce the message that is being passed. These instruments too they are played at intervals making the song more entertaining and inclusive of the audience in one way or the other. The choir comprises of many members which can be linked to the number of people who are suffering across the world. The viola begins with a little pitch that rises slowly as the choir raises the tone. Suddenly, there is an alternation of the violas voice with the cellos that brings in strong background voice. The background voice is clearly heard as it alternates with the soft tone in the violas. This sound creates an environment of entertainment to the audience which further attracts the sense of inclusiveness of the public the progress of the song. The sounds generated in the song indicate a homophonic texture. This is because the music instruments produce competing voices that are supported by one another. Voices of two different instruments are heard not only in the first part but also as the music continue. The voice variation kept reminding me on how many times have been inconvenienced and how I  have strained to help myself out of the trap.

 It made me think more about my past and touched my feelings like I did committed crime.(01:20 - 02:15) At some point my feelings calms when music slowed down and then again it puts pressure on me, in other words, while I am thinking about some memory at slow motion of the music, and when it picks up it brings, even more, feelings where it made me think why I did not make use of  conscious, however knowing that everything will be better in the future still this music leaves some kinda marks behind where I dig the same spot. Meaning I think same memories over and over.

Thinking the past made me feel sorry for myself and at some point the music made me think, either I would have to live with the pain where I am at right now. (03:10 – 04:00) However, right after dynamic picked up and made me think like I am trying to change or have some effect on the future and how hard it is to come back from where I am. Which gave me some kind hope that I will, and I can do it and change my future to the brighter side. This was in the middle of the music. This music is very hard to understand, meaning thinking negative made me feel very bad, and at some point, I tried to thing positive, but still, it had some kind negativity. (04:00 – 06:00)

This music has a slow tempo that allows the choir to respond effectively with the instruments. The slow creates little outlines in my heart. It made me to re -examine my past, present life and where am heading to. It reminded me the time when I used to go to school empty stomach where nobody was ready to rescue me from such economic challenge.The tone variation creates a situation of restless as the choir sings.  The difference that is being made by the music instrument further creates the essence of eager to know the next word that the choir will utter.  The beats of the drums the make the situation alive. Even though some words are not being heard clearly, still the audience can derive the meaning of the song. And he or she will get moved and joined in the choir. The beats relieved my pain that has experienced, and the message assured me that there if a bright future despite the nasty moment have endured.As such the beats allow the audience to feel the harmony of the song and the feeling of inclusiveness is being enhanced.

It is no surprise that the entire music generates a sadistic feeling to the audience. This implies that even besides listening to actual words of the music but one can conclude it as a major contributor of sorrow and a deep feeling of some regret over the nasty experience ever. That is why it erupted a sad moment of my past life. However, the dynamic changes from soft to high 02.55-03.00 thus producing a crescendo music. At this moment, the listener can feel a little bit relaxed by observing how the choir conducts with the backup from the instruments which are professionally played in a varying and coordinated manner.

The rhythm of this song has an irregular pulse (LEWIS, 1896). This implies that it is not maintained but rather varies from one point to another. For instance, the rhythm between 00.50-00.53 is quite different from the 04.31.The aspect of rhythm is affected by the tempo that is not steady based on the type of music. At some point, the tempo seems to be slow such as in the beginning and rises abruptly at some point such as the fast tempo at 04.28. The variation of tempo, in this case, can be evaluated based on the observation of the hands of the conductor in the choir as well as the speed at which the violas and cellos are played. Whenever the tempo slows down, the hands of the conductor act accordingly where they are lowered and when the tempo increases even the speed of conducting the choir raises the tone, and he is being packed up by the rising of the hands.

 At the end of the music, it made feel me like think about my past, I am completely losing myself, and everything is changing to the worst side. I cannot do anything to change it or no other way to come out (no outlet) from where I am. Everything gets worst and worst, it like I was sinking in the mud where my legs were already in mud, but I still rest of my body was out so it should not be so hard to survive, but the music just changed my attitude. I used to know that am the only person who is disadvantaged economically.  Have come to realize that many individuals are suffering more than I do am not alone. There are other friends outside who are undergoing the same experience. Listening to this music from the beginning I felt very sad. Immediately when the song is over, the choir is being appreciated with claps from the audience.  This made me recover from my disturbing thoughts that I will forever suffer.  I felt that am renewed and am the person, not the person I used to be at the onset of the song. Am changed for the better side of life. I  have endured pain. I  have gone through a difficult situation which I thought was to be my end. But the door still opened. I believe to have a certain purpose why am still existing. Am sure will change despite the nasty lifestyle have been living. I still have bright future though it has not come and I don’t know when it will come. God will take care of my life.

            I am the type of person that like kind slow and fast music mixed. I listen to music to think and have better thoughts or motivate and direct myself to something that I do not want to do. I am not so interested in music, since I wasn`t I would not expect music can lead to something very emotional and reminding pain or happiness. Lately, I used it to have some patients and not to make any more mistakes, just to remind myself where I was and where I am now. I was writing my essay with music playing over and over, but this music made a big impact on me like I was kind lost even writing this essay. I had so many thoughts that I could not put them in order and write them on the paper.

            The pitch is of the music is one of the essential aspects that creates harmony to the listener. It can be concluded that the entire song has many instances of a high and low pitch from instruments. The alternation of the pitch brings in the sense of harmony. For instance, violas tend to be high at certain points and produces low pitch while balancing with the background voice from cellos. This is a core aspect of the entire music composition. The harmony in the song is strong in the sense that it changes the mood of a person to feel sad. This issue is brought about by the notes of the instruments and tempo that brings out the overall effect. That is why I had a somber mood after listening to the music. The entire music has been essential since it has enabled me to evaluate the basic elements that are incorporated in music.

            The concert was good but it was not enjoyable. This is consequently because of the images that we were being shown. The song itself was good, the choir had organized itself properly, it sang in such a way that one could think they had been experiencing the situation. Moreover, the tone of the choir was so good, that I enjoyed the way they sang as they began (Van 2014). They seemed to have done a lot of rehearsals, since they were well dressed for the concert, thus making it easier for the audience to be able to understand the way the performance will be even before stepping on the stage.

However, the mood of the concert was somber, a thing which made me to feel as if I was in a burial ceremony. Most people were touched by the images, since they had not experienced such events ever before. In addition, some people also became very emotional, with others crying. My perception of the concert was different from what I was experiencing. First and foremost, I thought it was going to be a very lively concert, which everybody was going to like (Van 2014). Conversely, it turned out to be a concert which turned the audience into a somber mood. The images of the soldiers, made most people to fill as if the ending was not going to be good. When I fast saw the images of the soldiers, I knew there were going to be a number of casualties being experienced. This was true since there a lot of people who fell victim of the war, with most of them dying very cruel deaths.

I paid attention to the performance as it began, knowing that I was going to enjoy it, however, this changed moments after I saw the number of people who were killed. This made it so hard for me to be able to concentrate, thus different images started forming in my mind, making me to remember the past deaths of my relative who participated in the Afghanistan war (Van 2014). Most people became emotional simply because they remembered what had happened to either their relatives or friends leading to their deaths. This was therefore not a good scene even though the choir was singing very well, it made so hard for me to be able to concentrate, and found myself crying due to the thoughts that I had.

The thoughts that I had distracted my concentration making me to realize that I was in the concert when the performance came to an end (Van 2014). This concert therefore made me to dislike such performances, even though I liked the way the choir had composed the song. In addition, this made me to hate songs of such a style, and whenever I listen to a song with such a style, I tend to become emotional. I will never listen to a song of such a style, simply because it will only make me to remember the past events which I do not want to remember at all. I would rather listen to that song, but if it is done in a different style and by a different choir. This is so because of the memories that I tend to get when listening to songs of such a style.

Reference

Jeffrey Van. (2014). SJSU Concert Choir. A Procession Winding Around. Retrieved from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tCVkK8ppCjk&t=180s

Hip Hop Revolution

In the book, “Hip Hop Revolution: The Culture and Politics of Rap”, Ogbar encounters the controversial topic of Hip Hop Revolution by discussing cultural politics that are frequently associated to the revolution of rap music. Ogbar also examines negative effects of hip hop which were in particular supposed by the ordinary perspectives of American culture in order to criticize its prevalence. Ogbar’s opinion towards rap music is primarily focused towards African-American production and extensively in the direction of purposed issues of civil rights in relation to prior African-American cultural beliefs which deter realness of hip-hop music. The author’s argument as well purports Hip hop content in terms character, lyrics and artistic videos to develop its authenticity. The book induces a perspective that hip hop encompass diverse elements which seemingly terms comprehensive criticisms against hip hop to be absurd (Bonnette 5). Content in hip hop may induce a variety of purposes in the community since it may include differing forms of delivering intended messages which may be classified in terms of its expression, use and actual meaning. This demonstrates that hip hop definition is arguably dependent on its changeable authenticity. The nature of realism in hip-hop is therefore the baseline of its irregular artistic movement. It is thus reasonable to detail that media manipulation is held to account for the negative images evidenced in minds of the general public. Negative attributes of hip-hop are enhanced by differences in understanding of both cultural and social politics between African - American relations as a result of media. In relation to Ogbar’s opinion, it is important to note that dominance of Black Power positions the real development of hip pop evidenced in the contemporary artistic sector.

Hip hop in the earlier era of the twentieth century surfaced underperformance due to partial representation in comparison to minstrel figures and so, characterizing a defeat in the cultural production due to aspects of racism. However, affluence of Black Power signified modern evolution of hip pop and also, modification of black image in the entertainment industry by proving that hip hop was a means of raising cultural needs (Rabaka 159). Arguably, sufficient version of black image progressively, diminished powers of minstrel figure and so, boosting performance of hip-hop in the music industry. Symbolization of Black Power in the later 1970s enhanced the growth of hip-hop music unlike prior years where minstrel power overruled American entertainment sector. The move was significant since it facilitated a new shape for hip hop and also attracted audiences from all races that is; the power instilled new perspectives of hip hop in the American community thus increasing the number of audiences. For instance, black power a lot resisted minstrel democracy which enacted strong hindrances to the prosperity of hip-hop arts. Representation of blackness in the industry rejected barriers posited by some black writers’ in the past century before the modern era of hip hop. Presence of Harlem Renaissance opinion in support for hip hop curbed the emphasis of opposing black writers such as Du Bois who communicated desires to alleviate African-American criticisms in the minstrel dominated industry. On the contrary, Harlem Renaissance instilled accommodative depictions such as illustration of poorness hence terming hip hop as an artistic form of expression (Ogbar 2). Black Power accrued potential of dismissing Minstrel’s clarifications towards hip pop in 1990s. Minstrel-like figure included variety of negative illustrates for hip hop prior Black Power since they commonly characterized hip pop with gangster rap, greed, violence and hyper sexuality.  Nevertheless, Ogbar describes illustrates hip hop artists such as Mos Def and 50 cent who influenced notions of hip pop authenticity. Demonstration of authenticity by referencing hip hop legends initiates the great role that black representation to facilitate successful revolution. For instance, the content of these rappers by far focused at criticizing harsh conditions in their environments and not to influence chaos in the community (Watkins 3). On the other hand, Ogbar (2007) conceptualizes illogicality of pre-historic criticisms by illustrating that hip hop has continued to encompass positive receptions from all races including the Whites which signifies the need to terminate cultural notions that value authenticity of rap on the basis of racism (36).

Notions of race and gender persistence can be termed as the base line of dismantling absurd perspectives presented by media manipulation. Obstruction of such perspectives was essential as far as redemption of black image in reference to attitudes and black behaviors was concerned. Ogbar in turn critiques that race was used to elevate popularity of hip hop in the industry by communicating the realness of hip hop. Ogbar argues that “rappers affirm their ethicality as non African American in order to declare their legitimacy in rap music” (Ogbar 2007, 38). Therefore, the use of the marks associated with black image played an important role of initiating the relationship between hip hop and music commercialization particularly in areas that rebelled genuineness of hip hop. To be precise, the use of distinctive marks was one form of cultural production used to deliver genuineness of hip hop to media. Nevertheless, the form of production was aimed to communicate authenticity in order to diminish negative myths presented through media manipulation and in turn transform the black image. Continuance spread of the black marks especially through media and white MCs enhanced an essential change in hip hop since prevalence of such marks symbolized aspects of positivity in blacks (Ogbar 2007, 41). Cultural production influenced a change in the audience psyche which was unconnected to formerly accepted notions of blacks. Cultural production with racial distinction is majorly purposed to settle black labels in areas with negative attitudes towards hip hop as a result of media manipulation. Additionally, gender is as well a matter of consideration in cultural production. Suggestible, the main agenda of gender pervasiveness is to lessen effects of conceptualized myths that blacks encompass gender inequality. This insinuates that cultural production entertains involvement of all genders in the hip hop industry so as to attract all forms of audiences. It can be argued that commonness of all types of genders particularly the females in the industry eliminates notions of social inequality and so, delivering ethicality in hip hop. Ogbar is for the opinion that cultural production has availed diverse opportunities for women including in rap marketability and also provides equal opportunities for women rappers who have gradually thrived in hip hop (Collins 2004, 3). Capability to signify equality in cultural production dismantles media’s myths of gender inequality which were formerly grounded on illogical assumptions thus reforming the black culture.

Harmful manipulation in media enhances development of severe impacts which hinder accommodative relations between Blacks and non-black in the American community. For instance, negative manipulation creates negative perceptions in White Americans and as a result instilling negativity of Blacks in their psyche. For instance, Ogbar demonstrates that harmful manipulation of the media classifies rap music as a threat to morality which in due course supplement to cultural wars between Black and non-black Americans. Incoherent manipulation speaks out allegedly made criticisms of hip hop unsuitability posing unkind deviance to the moral principles of the real culture in America (Higgins 2013, 40). The media characterizes the Blacks especially youths of color terming them to be inactive in accordance to acceptable norms. Incoherency of supportive connections of black culture to facilitating moral downfall leads to cultural intimidation against the black image by white Americans. Nevertheless, the media is responsible of linking all-inclusive social politics of unethical behaviors to the rap music. The media is evidenced to have been manipulating the American community to act against rap music on reference to violent behaviors characterized in the hip-hop industry as a result of lyrical transformation. For this reason, Americans and in particular white Americans were forced to direct their outrages of violent behaviors towards the black image.

The analysis insinuates that Ogbar’s views on hip hop revolution reasonably reflects sets of audiences who find themselves struggling to associate with hip hop content as a result of crucial manipulations impeded to the art by the media. The book elements the extent to which media impacted prosperity of hip hop in the prehistoric- twentieth century by manipulating aspects of rap inappropriateness on the basis of cultural and social politics towards rap. For instance, the book evidences reasonable debates which in actuality demonstrate manipulative ideologies linked to cultural and social politics such as race, gender inequality, realness of Rap and music authenticity.

Work Cited

Bonnette, Lakeyta M. Pulse of the People: Political Rap Music and Black Politics. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2015. Internet resource.

Higgins, Ethan Maxwell, "Rejecting the rejecters: The latent effect of policy on subculture"         (2013). Online Theses and Dissertations. 179. http://encompass.eku.edu/etd/179

Ogbar, Jeffrey O. G. Hip Hop Revolution: The Culture and politics of Rap. University Press of    Kansas, 2007

Ogbar, Jeffrey O. G. The Harlem Renaissance Revisited: Politics, Arts, and Letters. Baltimore     [Md.: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2010. Print.

Rabaka, Reiland. The Hip Hop Movement: From R & B and the Civil Rights Movement to Rap     and the Hip Hop Generation. , 2013. Print.

Watkins, S C. Hip Hop Matters: Politics, Pop Culture, and the Struggle for the Soul of a Movement. Boston: Beacon Press, 2005. Internet resource.

Jimi Hendrix Rock and Pop

Rock music by Jimi Hendrix belongs to the counterpoint sphere, since the melodies are generated between multiple lines. The music does not follow the norm of harmony in rock whereby; functional-bass does not work for all the situations. Hendrix uses Roman numerals for the analysis of his music thus; aids in creating sense of the harmonic pattern in his rock hits. Sphere in the composer’s rock songs majors on the minor keys thereby; simply deviate syntax in different ways. The rock music ‘Hall of Fame’ by Hendrix servers as the greatest of his time thereby; he created a poll of rock stars as well as leading authorities. Rock is imprecise term used in specific sense whereby; at times it is broad. However, Hendrix rock is in the ‘Rolling Stone’ list and, it is able to reflect fairly its harmonic nature. The notion of harmony follows a common convention generated on degrees of the major scale. Jimi’s rock is highly indicated by the Roman numerals thus; indicating major triads plus lower cases (Appleton, 2012).

The other piece by Jimi Hendrix is the pop music whereby; it is the greatest field he ever played in. In pop music the composer is able to apply genuine harmonic analysis though, they appear much tricky. The tricky situation in pop music ensures that the chord labeling as well as sphere dictation are simpler. However, all that Hendrix required in generating the music harmonic nature was the scale of degree especially of the bass. The Roman numerical in pop opts to indicate the number of common stock chord thereby; the stock should occur in cyclical patterns. The pattern is mainly seen in the chorus, but also Hendrix was able to use it properly in verses, bridges as well as strophes. He thereby; ensured that the pitch aided in identifying harmonies. It is from the nature of sphere in pop music that, tonal system is generated producing dissonant chords which are meant in producing tension in pop music (Murray, 2012).

Rock music is often used in a generic term, though it sounds as predictable. Rock composers have highly managed to engage in other field whereby, Hendrix is in pop as well as roll. The music has always been defined by its energy and rebellion though the genre ages with time. Hendrix took his part in developing rock music, by using unique guitar which consistently sought to liberate his audiences. Rock music is highly achieved considering the altitude as well as style of the musician. In relevant to Hendrix his style and altitude were new as well as innovative whereby; his approach collaborated with rhythm. He was able to implicit trio format which is necessary considered in rock piece. Hendrix rock set up was much above his normal standard whereby; he managed to play with larger ensemble which included a second guitar. In hits like ‘Isabela’ Jimi debuted unreleased materials and, used a group a thing he has never done before (Appleton, 2012).

Most of pop music stories are based on the similarities in spherical sequences and, it is perfectly implicated in Hendrix’s hits. In the present era some things have changed whereby, composers are termed as original due to their voices, altitude as well as style. The field of pop has simpler rules thus; making it easy for the composers to write more songs. In relevance to Hendrix he was able to capture all, especially the social lives in his hits. Pop music is designed as stories thereby; Jimi was able to develop ideas in his composition that one can narrate a story in form of music. He easily generated ideas by walking in the country and, show many stories which he turned into music. The artist perfectly made good pop because he was able to implicit the genre properly by blending all his elements together thus; producing a rock and roll that people love and enjoys. Throughout the development of rock music, all the instruments Hendrix used has been implemented in the natural evolution (Murray, 2012). 

Jimi Hendrix was a single and the greatest guitarist of all the times thereby; he was able to melt the instruments into to rock music, generating rhythm as well as blues. Rock music has got a certain feel in and with Hendrix; he was perfectly able to develop this feeling by simply combining rhythm with instruments, vocals and altitudes. The artist perfectly made good rock because he was able to implicit the genre properly by blending all his elements together thus; producing a rock and roll that people love and enjoys. Throughout the development of rock music, all the instruments Hendrix used has been implemented in the natural evolution (Appleton, 2012).

In pop music Hendrix was careful in his music since, he hardly destroyed the traditional form of music whereby; he played music recording sounds made from his guitar. In rock music the sound is mainly developed from the rhythm of instruments played thus; generating a boogie beat. For rock music to be highly presentable there must be accented backbeat thereby, Hendrix achieved this by the effects where he was able to deconstruct an original composition and, rebuild it as a showcase for his guitar powers. Rock music is all about the instruments and the manner in which they are played thereby, Jimi’s instruments sonically indicated when action was taking place in the song. Instruments in rock music generate improvement in the genre, especially when it begins to split into various types of music. Hendrix considered the normal instruments in all of his music, especially the guitar and drum kit though others have been improved with time (Murray, 2012).

The artist used a guitar that had faded fuzz though it did not discourage his music; in fact rock remained as his big part of identity. Much like in Hendrix’s music, one is able to recognize that the rock band represents an amazing, innovative medium for music field discovery. However, the artist is able to generate an interaction among individuals thus; generating profound effect on those who experiences it. The experience generated to the audiences in rock music, is technically defined as essential since it is able to generate true funs of the music (Appleton, 2012). The rock Jimi plays is in him and, it comes out before sounds are heard thereby, the musician plays but music is what he lives as well as breath (Shepherd, 2013).

Rock and roll is what Hendrix played back then since it had common sub-genres, but today it is simply known as rock. Many of the Western music today have been developed and changed, but for the rock music it has remained the same since it historical times. Rock and roll music have always been around since, it does not withstand the test of time because considering the way Hendrix sang his songs, people are still moved by them. He spent great deal of time in studios trying to perfect his music whereby; his much effort and struggle was not in vain. Rock music opts to be symbolized by instruments thereby; for Hendrix he played his instruments properly following the rhythm of sounds which made him move from left to right and back again (Shepherd, 2013).

In the entire field of rock and roll music Jimi Hendrix, was probably the cleverest musician who ever lived; the brain –boggling intricacy of much of his late music. It has been often that the generation after Hendrix stripped away much of the historic composers’ harmonic, complexity as well as writing whereby; they turned it into dramatic simpler palette of harmonies. Style in rock music have developed whereby; Hendrix used new and innovative especially in his approach to collaborations. Recently, composers have generated a whole new style which is highly based on various forms of harmony. The rock music is mainly based on the tonic, dominant as well as subdominant just like in the early days (Shepherd, 2013).

Jimi Hendrix unlike other musicians before and, after him was able to make a living independently by generating to the people what they wanted to hear. Image is the most essential genre in rock music because; it overwhelms the rest of the performance thus; ensuring that all the composer’s instruments works together for the audiences to get satisfaction. Jimi Hendrix’s image is highly implicated in his music, especially in the song “Purple Haze” whereby; he unleashes noise using his hands and guitar. Being recognized as one of the greater cultural figure, the rock artist considered himself as a good singer whose vocals nearly evocated while the guitar played. Rock music is seen as single charts and as an eclectic element thereby; Hendrix ensured that his composition borrowed elements from other styles such as urban dances as well as pop music. The composer was able to identify the music factors, by generally using short to medium songs whereby he wrote it in a fundamental format (Shepherd, 2013).

Rock and pop music have continuously evolved along with, genre to depict design thus appeal the music characteristic. Industrialization of this music has generated more interest in the urban middle class. Today’s rock composers are inspired by Hendrix’s usage of electric blues as well as improved amplifiers with higher volumes thus; utilizing the most desirable sounds of guitars.   With songs like ‘Little Wing’ Hendrix was able to generate a rock band, that powers the vibe to the audiences thus; encouraging them to close their eyes and follow the movements of figures. A rock singer must be melodious and genius, in order to attain the perfection as well as shape in his tunes.  Jimi’s melodies were composited of wonderful sense whereby, the tone raised and fallen as it caught the ear. Most of rock and pop songs are based on a dozen of similar harmony and rhythm. Recently rock musicians appear in an original figure, in their tone, altitude as well as style. Despite the various changes in the music field chords as well as sequences are still the same (Clifford, 2012).

Rock as a counterpoint piece is highly influenced by the daily fashion, altitudes as well as languages used for social development.  It is a music that has become highly accepted especially in the civilization, beginning with Hendrix participated in its widespread. Rock musicians have always borrowed elements from each other in the ethnic music. However, rock music is about unity since it does not observe racial as well as national boundaries. Hendrix himself uses some source of melodies, which he borrowed and absorbed perfectly in his music. Hendrix achieved this by the effects where he was able to deconstruct an original composition and, rebuild it as a showcase for his guitar powers. Rock music is all about the instruments and the manner in which they are played thereby, Jimi’s instruments sonically indicated when action was taking place in the song. Rock music is highly achieved considering the altitude as well as style of the musician. In relevant to Hendrix his style and altitude were new as well as innovative whereby; his approach collaborated with rhythm (Murray, 2012).

Pop is referred as contemporary music whereby; it has a common type of songs. Pop includes various elements in rock, hip hop as well as jazz though they all appear in various styles. It is believed that pop music began with Beatles though; it was unclear that the Beatles were rock and roll. Style in pop music have developed whereby; Hendrix used new and innovative especially in his approach to collaborations. Recently, composers have generated a whole new style which is highly based on various forms of harmony. The music is highly achieved considering the altitude as well as style of the musician. Many of the Western music today have been developed and changed, but for the rock music it has remained the same since it historical times (Clifford, 2012).

References

Appleton, J. H. (2012). 21st-century musical instruments: Hardware and software. Brooklyn, N.Y: Institute

Clifford, M. (2012). The Harmony illustrated encyclopedia of rock. New York: Harmony Books.

Holt, F. (2010). Genre in popular music. Chicago, Ill. [u.a.: Univ. of Chicago Press.

Murray, C. S. (2012). Crosstown traffic: Jimi Hendrix and the post-war rock'n'roll revolution.

Shepherd, J. (2013). Continuum encyclopedia of popular music of the world: Volume II. London: Continuum.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_PVjcIO4MT4

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W3JsuWz4xWc