Similarities and differences in Story of an Hour and Yellow Wallpaper

Introduction

The Story of an Hour is written by Kate Chopin and the Yellow Wallpaper is written Charlotte Gilman. The theme of freedom is seen to be dominant in the works of these two authors. In many ways these two stories are similar they only have a slight difference. The stories narrate of how the women are imprisoned by the men in their life thus lacking the freedom they desire so much. Both of these two stories are written in the first person. Freedom is something that has been deprived these two women by their husbands while the character in Chopin’s story lacks freedom in her marriage the character in Gilman’s story is in a room that her husband chooses and it denies her freedom. These two women carry a mental and an emotional burden that comes with their marriage which is the reason they lack the freedom they desire so much. Chopin and Gilman use similar protagonists and settings to convey a shared outcome: both women experience a tragic end one finds freedom only in death, the other in total insanity

Chopin and Gilman place their protagonists in a situation which they have no control over. The protagonist in Chopin’s story Mrs. Mallard is in a marriage that had trapped her and deprives her of her freedom, but with the death of her husband she can now taste freedom (Gale, n.p). The protagonist in Gilman’s story is unnamed, she is trapped in the attic in a room her husband choose for her so she can recover after she had experienced temporally nervous breakdown, however, she has no liking for this room and despises the yellow wallpaper in the room, she devotes her journal entries in describing the wallpaper, she believes that the woman behind the wallpaper must be freed  therefore she starts tearing down the wallpaper. Her confinement in this room is reflected by how she tries to tear down the wallpaper she was calling to be freed and this is reflected in how she viewed the wallpaper (Gilman, n.p). These two women are confined by something that deprives them the freedom of their minds.

These two authors portray their protagonists as characters concerned with individual freedom. They are struggling for their own freedom from their husbands and families. When Mrs. Mallard the protagonist in Chopin’s story receives the news concerning the death of her husband’s she retreats to her bedroom to seek the freedom of enjoying the fact that she is free, here she gets the freedom to express what she is really feeling about her husband’s death, however, this emotional freedom of hers is short-lived when her sister comes knocking at her bedroom door (Gale, n.p). She is trying to gain her freedom but her family is depriving her that right. The protagonist in Gilman’s story is deprived of freedom by her husband and her sister-in-law who completely deny her the freedom to free the woman in the wallpaper (Gilman, n.p). Her family is standing between her and the actions she has to take to gain her mental and emotional freedom. These two protagonists are concerned with their freedom and their families without the knowledge of their internal struggles are standing in their ways.

The protagonist in both stories are highly imaginative, in Chopin’s story Mrs. Mallard, is seen to spread her arms out to welcome freedom to her, this clearly ascertain that she is an imaginative woman, she also imagines how she would live the years to come, how she would live for herself without a power bending her will, Mrs. Mallard is portrayed as an imaginative character (Gale, n.p). Gilman also portrays her protagonist as an imaginative character, the fact that the narrator thinks the wallpaper is mutating and how she imagines that the woman needs to be freed is proof enough that she has been portrayed as a highly imaginative character (Gilman, n.p). Her imagination reflects the freedom she had just gained.   

Despite the many similarities between these two protagonists, they still have their differences. Mrs. Mallard in Chopin’s Story does not celebrate her freedom openly she only celebrates it behind the closed doors of her bedroom (Gale, n.p). In the case of the protagonist in Gilman’s story she celebrates her freedom openly when her husband unlocks the door and finds that she has torn the whole wallpaper down, she happily claims that despite the attempts of her sister-in-law to stop her, she finally tore the wallpaper down (Gilman, n.p). The other difference in these two protagonists is the fact that Mrs. Mallard is not imprisoned in a room she that denies her freedom like the protagonist in Gilman’s story she is deprived freedom by her marriage. Lastly, the main difference in these two stories is the fact that Mrs. Mallard collapse and dies after realizing her husband is not dead therefore, she was not free (Gale, n.p). The narrator in Gilman’s story does not die the cost of her freedom is insanity.

Conclusion

Both Chopin and Gilman set their stories in a male dominated world where the main protagonists are women who have been deprived of their freedom. These two protagonists have a lot in common and a few differences. These two protagonists are placed in a situation they have no control over, they are also battling for individual freedom and their families are constantly standing between them and their freedom. Lastly these two protagonists have been described as imaginative characters. The main difference in these two protagonists is that Mrs. Mallard is not imprisoned in a room like the narrator in Gilman’s story instead she lacks freedom from her husband. Lastly, these two characters have different tragic ending. Mrs. Mallard dies due to her sense of losing the freedom she had just acquired and the narrator is forced to live with insanity. These two protagonists paid a high cost for their freedom.

Work cited

Gale, Cengage L. Study Guide for Kate Chopin's "story of an Hour.". Detroit: Gale, Cengage Learning, n.d. Print.

Gilman, Charlotte P. The Yellow Wallpaper. Tustin: Xist Publishing, 2015. Internet resource.

 Reflection of my stand point in the world

Introduction

Am born in a world where one has to identify them self with a certain category for the sake of having an identity. As an individual it is important for me to analyze myself using the various categories assigned to human beings. Some of these categories that I and other individuals can use to analyze themselves include; physical characteristics, gender, and race. These categories are responsible for how the society and world at large views us. Physical characteristics as a category is responsible for the prejudice people who fall under this category face. under the gender category people are categorized as male and female. Race is another category that is used to analyze individuals it categorizes people according to their skin color and structure of their faces. These categories are most of the time responsible for making one uncomfortable due to the misunderstanding that arise from the different beliefs people hold concerning them. However, analyzing oneself using these categories is important since it helps show us that someone’s life and standpoint may differ from ours.

Physical characteristics

The first thing people notice about me are the features of my body, these features include height, skin tone and how my features are formed. It is also very quick to notice if my body has a deformity. At many times people have been judged and looked down upon due to a physical deformity, before anyone can learn anything else about them. Through history, people with physical deformities have been stigmatized because they possess undesirable attributes (Marini, & Stebnicki, 2012). Society believes that these physical characteristics are the central key to how someone behaves and defines their personality. I have not fallen victim to the discomfort caused by grouping people according to this category but I am not blind to the discomfort people experience when they are judged and categorized according to their physical features 

A lot of prejudice has been shown to people with physical disabilities but currently, society is working toward reducing the prejudice that individuals who are judged according to their physical characteristics face. Having been born with physical features that do not have a deformity is a privilege for me but not everyone is so lucky. According to Halvorson (2015), the best way to mitigate similarity bias is to find commonalities with those who appear different. The prejudice these people face kills their confidence making them retreat to their shells, refusing to be heard and this completely affects communication. The society should take it upon themselves to make these people who are categorized using their physical characteristics comfortable.

Gender

            Gender is a category that categories human being according to their sexuality, male or female. Also looking at a person before categorizing them any further it is easy to identify what gender they are. For many years debates on who is the superior sex between a woman and a man have resulted into full- brown battles, over the centuries women have been made to feel like they come from a different planet. People fail to consider that the root of these problem are in the way these two genders communicate. Communication between these two genders may be hindered by the way they attempt to express themselves. It is upon these two sexes to recognize their difference in communication that the misunderstanding between them can be solved (Meghan,2010).

            The anger brought about by inequality that women face can only be understood through social and historical context. Throughout history, women have been denied the right to express their anger in a male dominated culture. Many therapists have associated this as the outcomes of living in a world where they are the subordinate ones. The culture has denied women the right to express their anger publicly while that right has been accorded to men. Using a national probability sample of 2031 adults, Catherine Ross and Maricke Van Willigen found out that women compared to men have high levels of anger caused by factors such as economic hardship and parental responsibilities, this shows that women’s anger result from experiencing social inequality (Worell, 2001).

 A development report undertaken in 1995 helped to shed light on the facts that the place of the woman is not respected nor recognized. The report came to conclusions such as; women work for long hours compared to men. It was also noted that most of the work done by women remain unpaid and unrecognized (Samantha, 1999). However, progress that society is making is promising a future where categorizing people according to their gender will not lead to discrimination. I have at many times been looked down on because am a woman, men seem to undervalue me and most of them consider themselves superior to me. I believe that most of the women have been hurt by the belief people hold that they are the subordinate sex. I also feel that as a woman I have been denied the freedom to express my anger. Also, when I try to pitch an idea to a man that idea is ignored and looked down on, communication with the male gender has also been hard since they want to be accorded respect that they are not willing to accord us in return.

Race

Human beings are categorized according to race judging from their skin colors and structures of their faces. one race has a certain distinctive character that separates it from the others. It is believed that the traits of race are inherited biologically. Example of race include. Black, white, Asian and Latin. This act of categorizing humans according to race has led to racism where one discriminates others who are not from their race (Memmi, 2000). This discrimination on the basis of race results to inequality among people from various groups.

 The society holds a myth that categorizing people on the basis of race is important and gives one a sense of belonging and a group to identify with. However, that is not the case since categorizing people this way has caused discrimination that makes one uncomfortable. Categorizing people on the basis of race is also based on incorrect biological assumptions. The history of the United States is evidence that categorizing people according to race results to a lot of discrimination. The whites enslaved the black simply because the white viewed their race more superior compared to the black (Memmi,2000). The uncomfortable feeling created by categorizing people into different races hinder communication in such away that people from different race cannot co-exist in peace in work places and in schools.

            Having experience the cruelty of racism first hand I know how it feels to be made uncomfortable in one’s own skin feels. As someone who comes from a black race living among people who come from the white race I completely know how been disregarded and looked down feels. In my high school years, I felt discriminate a lot having been the only girl in the class who was black. Having everyone refer to me as the “black girl” did not at all make me comfortable. Communicating with the rest of my class was hard since they already looked down on me. Race is one of the barriers to communication since people refuse to look beyond their races (Memmi, 2000).

Conclusion

Human beings have been categorized according to their gender, race and physical characters. This categorization has made humans uncomfortable in some circumstances. These feeling of being uncomfortable has hindered effective communication People have been judged due to their physical characteristics, this prejudice makes people with deformity retreat into their shells thus refusing to be heard. We are living in a society that has already established the roles of each gender. Women are often subject to prejudice and have been undervalued and seen as the subordinate sex, the inequality that exists between these two genders hinder communication since the women have been denied freedom to express their anger. This has made women uncomfortable although ways to promote female gender are being put in place. Categorizing people on the basis of race is the major cause of racism in the world. Some races feel superior to others thus arousing discomfort and this discomfort always results to disrupted communication between people of different races Categorization of human is good since it gives them an identity but it also causes discomfort which is responsible for the breakdown of communication.

Reference

Halvorson H. G & David R (2015). Harvard Business Review; Beyond Bias

Marini, I, & Stebnicki M. (2012). The Psychology and Social Impact of Illness and Disability.

Meghan, M. (2010). How Does Gender Affect Communication? Retrieved from;             https://pairedlife.com/etiquette/Gender-and-communication

Memmi, A. (2000). Race, Rights, and the Asian American Experience. New Brunswick: Rutgers.

            New York: Springer Pub. Co.

Samantha, R. K. (1999). Empowering women: Key to third world development. New Delhi M D

            Univ.Press

Worell, J. (2001). Encyclopedia of women and gender: sex similarities and differences and the    impact of society on gender. San Diego, Calif: Academic press .

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Issues 1 misunderstanding

            Yes, both the common laws of contracts apply in this particular case. This is because two individuals enter into deal. One would drill a borehole for another (Mikesell, 2016). Hence, as long, there is exchange for service, the common law and regulations pertaining contractual law come into effect immediately. The issue here is Fred wanted Oliver to dig a borehole in his farm but Oliver’s drill hit a rock broke down. This somehow breached the features of common law, as there is some form of exchange between two people, then common law can apply. In addition, Fred hires Haney to drill his borehole but unfortunately. Haney manages to drill the borehole and reach the water table but he is late due some unavoidable circumstances. Fred decided to sue both men for damages.

 In terms of the validity of the contract, the first contract occurs between Fred and Oliver but due a hitch, he fails to complete the borehole on time (Mikesell, 2016). Then, unsatisfied with Oliver’s results hires another contractor to drill the borehole. Mr. Haney drills the borehole but commences the work late.

 Rule

Both parties care calls attention to a lawful procedural manner of handling things. For instance, it goes hand in hand with other fiduciary duties such as good faith and fair handling of a situation hence each person has meet the set requirements (Mikesell, 2016). Therefore, when Fred denied Oliver a chance to drill the borehole, he violated the contract. He even went further and sued him to recover the money he paid him for services not rendered.

 Analysis

 It is an obvious and observable fact that drilling a borehole depends on many uncontrollable factors and anything can happen. For instance, Oliver never planned for the breaking down of the drilling machine, instead, his wife destructed him, and it happened. Nevertheless, this did not deter him from drilling another borehole until October. On the other hand, Fred does take into consideration the facts surrounding drilling a borehole, he sues both of the men. Based on the case, one can tell that somehow, Haney has a role to play in Fred’s predicaments because he commenced drilling of the borehole late. Fred could only avert his situation if his borehole would be operational by August.

 Conclusion

The rule of law relevant and applicable to the case is the national labor act that oversees and protects the rights to hold an opinion and conduct business in a lawful manner. Thus, the law is an instrument that facilitates and permitting the actions of Oliver. More so, it buffers the employer against unlawful exercises by an employer and gives them a right to seek the help of a union. Thus, the law gives clear directions into the case and other similar situations.

Issue2 application of the rule of law

Applying laws and other regulations regarding breaching of agreement of regulations. Almost all duties revolve around the application of the rule of law. If the both parties do not acquaint themselves enough with the law and regulations, they will not carry out their duties in the right way. Hence, the adherence to law helps them to meet do service to their responsibility while making the contract work and accomplish its main objectives. They have to understand the roles they play. Having a clear understanding of their roles puts the contract at a better place to comprehend and carry out duties assigned to them. More so, understanding leads to better execution of personal obligations (Flood, & Goodenough, 2015). The formulation of procedures gives guidance and direction in terms of the manner of handling drilling obligations. Policies assess and orient contract members on their task routine and keep everything in check. In fact, policies tend to use the past to correct the present by certain standardized measures. The board use polices to develop contractual goals and agendas within a stipulated period of time.

Rule

Collusive pricing can take place in many forms within an agreement between two people when one takes another person and offers him or her the same services. One of the most common ways of collusive pricing is price fixing during after an agreement goes south. This is brought about when several people within an agreement integrate to form another agreement from the original agreement (Jia, & Bijman, 2014). For example, the oligopoly decides on the overall price of the food   products. Another form of collusive pricing occurs when people come together and set maximum prices for services that they buy. Firms collude to get rid of competition or reduce their number significantly.

Conclusion

 There is always a peaceful way of settling issues before taking them straight to court. Sometimes suing may never solve issues but leave the situation pending trial (Jia, & Bijman, 2014). Hence, the best way to go about a disagreement relies on understanding both sides of the agreement and adjusting accordingly so that each emerging scenario may fit in for everyone. Hence, at the end of the day, everyone remains happy and satisfied with the outcomes of the situation.

Works cited

Mikesell, R. F. (2016). Petroleum company operations and agreements in the developing countries. Routledge.

Flood, M. D., & Goodenough, O. R. (2015). Contract as automaton: the computational representation of financial agreements. Office of Financial Research Working Paper, (15-04).

Jia, X., & Bijman, J. (2014). Contract farming: Synthetic themes for linking farmers to demanding markets. In Contract farming for inclusive market access (pp. 21-38). FAO.

Gun violence

introduction

 Gun violence is violence committed by the use of a gun or a firearm. Over the years the use of guns to perpetrate crimes has been on the rise. The risk of fatality is high when a gun is used instead of another weapon. It is high time that lawmakers find a way to control or even end gun violence. A large percentage of homicides in the US are committed using guns, people prefer to use guns because they allow them to perpetrate a crime from far and faster. The debate surrounding the use of firearms has given rise to many controversies and questions. Questions such as should policies to regulate who carries or owns a gun be put in place? And should policies for different firearms be put in place? To end gun violence regulations that limit people from owning guns should be put in place. 

Gun related violence gives rise to costs such as economic cost, psychological cost, and public health cost. A person shot has to undergo medical treatment, the investigation following the shooting has to be done at a cost. Emergency medical care given to gun victims contributes to the monetary expense of gun violence. Psychologically, children or adults exposed to this kind of violence experience trauma and other psychological effects either on a long- or short-term basis medical cost will have to be incurred to take these people through therapy. People exposed to gun violence are also prone to mental illness (Singletary, 2018). These costs can only be reduced by the attempts to control gun violence.

Measures such as reducing peoples access to guns should be put in place since no guns equal no gun violence related incidences. Also stopping troops from bringing guns when they come home is another way of trying to lower peoples’ access to guns. The government should also try to buy back weapons that are in the hands of citizens.  People who have been convicted of domestic abuse or any other form of abuse should be barred from owning guns since a person with a history of violence owning a gun is likely to use it to commit violence. The law should also be adjusted so that criminals convicted with gun violence get to face longer jail terms. All firearms sales should be reported to the agency responsible. Also, the period between buying a gun and delivery of the gun should be standardized in order to asses the motive of the buyer (Loria, 2018).

Conclusion

Gun violence is not an emerging issue but an old issue that the legislative bodies have not yet found a solution to. A large percentage of homicides committed in the US are committed using guns. Gun violence accounts for costs such as economic cost, public health cost, and psychological cost. People who experience trauma due to gun violence are prone to mental illness. Gun violence can only be controlled if measures such as increasing sentences for criminals convicted with gun violence, buying back guns from citizens and denying citizens with a history of violence guns.

References

Loria, k. (2018). Gun Control Really Works-Here’s The Science to Prove It. retrieved from;             https://www.businessinsider.com/science-of-gun-control-what-works-2018-2?IR=T

Singletary, M. (2018). The Enormous Economic Cost of Gun Violence. Retrieved from;             https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/get-there/wp/2018/02/22/the-enormous-economic-            cost-of-gun-violence/?utm_term=.64892eb71d2e

Bird by Bird by, Anne Lamott

Introduction

Anne Lamott born on 10^th April, hails from San Francisco. She is the daughter of Kenneth Lamott also a renowned writer, she grew up with two brothers. Under a tennis scholarship, she attended Goycher college. She was involved in writing the school’s newspaper for two years. She later dropped out of school and returned home where she wrote for Women Sports magazine for a short while and begun writing her short pieces. Lamott is a political activist, a writing teacher, and public speaker. Her books cover topics such as Christianity, single motherhood, depression, and alcoholism. Some of her books including Bird by Bird have been ranked as New York Times bestsellers.

Bird by Bird, is inspired by a piece of advise her father gave to her brother who was working towards meeting a deadline on a writers block and the father advised him to take it “bird by bird” the first thing she advises the reader of the novel is to avoid giving attention to the bulk of work that is unfinished but to give attention to the things taking place at that particular time. They should scribble or type it down and go through it again and again. Lamott goes ahead and gives the writers permission to write crappy drafts at first since these drafts are unavoidable. She expresses that all writers whether an inexperienced or a bestsellers writer has to write crappy drafts at first.

Using the book, she continues to mold writers by advising that when making these crappy drafts one should not even reread or re-edit before they are done writing. She keeps on hammering to her readers that crappy drafts are something that one cannot avoid. Lamott also helps the readers think like a writer. She also acknowledges the fact that writing can be a little difficult too and advises her readers how to get help when the need arises. She also uses this book to give writers reasons to write other than writing to make money or have your book reach the New York Times bestselling list.

This book is interesting to me because it acts as a source of inspiration for any writer who does not know how to begin to write or any writer who is lacking a reason to write. Another reason I find this book interesting is that it gives a writer’s a glimpse of what writing as a profession is. This book inspires me because it gives tips that help a writer become creative when he/she seems stuck. Also, another reason this book inspires me is that it taught me that one can only write about their point of view and beliefs and this way, they are not likely to lack information to write. The fact that she acknowledges a crappy draft also inspires me to write continuously without going back to correct the spelling or grammar until am done.

Lamott uses the craft of symbolism well in her book, at a point she uses an example of broccoli to illustrate listening intuition, she says that one should listen to their broccoli and it will tell them how it wants to be eaten, meaning a writer should listen to their intuition and they will be able to tell their story. In the last chapter of her book she talks of a lighthouse, she uses it as symbolism that some writers can help others write a great story without their knowledge. A lighthouse is something that illuminates the same way a writer can illuminate another thus shedding light on a certain issue. This craft of symbolism has been well used by Lamott.

My favorite passage from the book is the one she quotes Toni Morrison’s quote on freedom. She encourages people to tell their story despite the critics. She uses this passage to encourage writer’s that not everybody will be happy they told their story but that should not deter them from telling it. She encourages them further that they should not be held in bondage by critics or family members. Their story will be responsible for freeing other people.

Conclusion

Bird by Bird is a book by Anne Lamott, a daughter of Kenneth Lamott who was also a writer. She was born and raised in San Francisco. Bird by Bird is among her books which have risen to become New York Times bestsellers. Having been divided into five parts the book is an inspiration and a guide to writers. Using this book, she molds and advises writers on various things such as to write crappy drafts and gives them many reasons to write. This book is interesting to me because it is a source of inspiration for writers who have a story to tell but have no idea on how to begin writing their story. She inspires me by encouraging writers to write crappy drafts of their stories. She uses the craft of symbolism well in her work. My favorite passage of this book is when she quotes Tori Morrison.

Annotated Bibliography

Kafka’s The Metamorphosis

  Dizenzo, Charles, and Franz Kafka. The Metamorphosis: A Dramatization of the Kafka

Story. New York: Dramatists Play Service, 1977. Print.

 The book gives the whole story of the metamorphosis, and the content is incorporated into seven sections. The first section introduces the story by telling how Gregor Samsa transformed into a cockroach.  Gregor says that he is dreaming and he must dream again so that he can be transformed again but unfortunately he remains a cockroach.  The whole story is narrated in other sections and the reader learns that the story has a deeper meaning as it touches not only the life of the Gregor but also the life of the family members and their selfish purposes.

Bloom, Harold. Franz Kafka's the Metamorphosis. New York: Bloom's Literary Criticism,

2008. Internet resource.

The book reviews the metamorphosis and it focuses on the interpretation of the change.   Bloom (1) assert that the critical literature of the story is wide-ranging as it touches various subjects such as isolation and alienation, rebellion, among others.  This source finds a deeper meaning of the story and asserts that   Gregor's transformation is a symbolism of spiritual transformation. The transformation does not only affect his physical integrity but it also affects his identity.  The transformation is likened to an illness that damages one's self-perception and other's perception.  The authors also assert that Gregor's deadly transformation also makes other people experience terrible sufferings.

 Kafka Franz. The Metamorphosis: Literary Touchstone. Prestwick House Inc, 2005

The book reviews the Kafka's Metamorphosis using the theme of existentialism.  The authors assert that existentialism will help understand the Gregor life, his existence, freedom and his meaning in life. During the 19th century, the philosophy on existentialism asserted that individuals have free choice to believe in what is true. However, the individualism and self-determination make a person ignore interaction with other people, and as a result, a person suffers from anxiety. The book relates the existentialism with Gregor life and states that Gregor has a free choice but relies on the existentialist ideal.

Kohzadi, Hamedreza, Fatemeh Azizmohammadi, and Mahboubeh Nouri. "A study of Franz Kafka’s The Metamorphosis." Journal of Basic and Applied Science Research 2.2 (2012): 1600-1607.

 The purpose of this article is to review ‘The Metamorphosis' using existential and psychological allegories so that the reader can understand how the theme of alienation covers the whole story.  The article tastes that when Gregor is transformed into a ‘monstrous vermin', he is seen as an unclean animal and unnatural being.  Gregor lives an independent life and he alienates himself from the family.  The article asserts that Gregor experiences a fundamental crisis that is based on freedom and one's responsibility.  The article will go deeper to discuss the mysterious forces that overwhelm Gregor's life.

Minar, Karla Sharin, and Anton Sutandio. "Shame and alienation in Kafka’s The Metamorphosis." Jurnal POETIKA5.2 (2017): 123-133.

In this article, Minar and Sutandio (1) explore the theme of shame and alimentation. They assert that Gregor feels that he is judged by others and as a result, he developed shame and low self-esteem.  He concentrates on how the family members treat him and become selfless.   All the problems Gregor encounter emerges from within and failure to accept his condition affects his mental and physical ability.

Rowe, Michael. "Metamorphosis: defending the human." Literature and Medicine 21.2 (2002): 264-280.

 In his article, Rowe (1) asserts that Gregor Samsa is the family breadwinner.  As Gregor is transformed into an insect, the family's reaction is characterized by shock, grief, anger, and disgust.  The reactions force the family to neglect him. The purpose of the article is to discuss how human beings especially the family members can defend a person's humanity. The author asserts that in times of changes like these, caregivers may experience horror and disgust, however, the caregivers should control the negatives feelings to avoid cruel acts.

Hung, Ruyu. “Caring About Strangers: A Lingisian Reading of Kafka’s Metamorphosis.” Educational Philosophy & Theory, vol. 45, no. 4, Apr. 2013, pp. 436–447. EBSCOhost, doi:10.1080/00131857.2012.718102.

 Hung (437) reviews the Kafka's Metamorphosis and employs the Alphonso Lingis's view to assert that there is no distinction between one's community and other communities.  Thus, one should care about a stranger and show equal respect and inclusion.  Focusing on the Kafka's Metamorphosis, the author's looks at the nature of life and offers a discussion on caring for the strangers.

Rhodes, Carl, and Robert Westwood. “The Limits of Generosity: Lessons on Ethics, Economy, and Reciprocity in Kafka’s The Metamorphosis.” Journal of Business Ethics, vol. 133, no. 2, Jan. 2016, pp. 235–248. EBSCOhost, doi:10.1007/s10551-014-2350-1.

  The purpose of this article is to discuss the ethical relations in organizations.  The article focuses on reciprocity and generosity as ethics that are radically different.  The Metamorphosis story is employed to discuss the Gregor and his family.  In this story, the issue of ethics is questioned since as Gregor is transformed he is seen as non-human.  The story is connected with the organizational settings to understand the ethics in business.

Sadigh, Micah. “The Nightmare of Becoming Human: Metaphors and Reflections For Individuals In Search of Authentic Self.” Existential Analysis: Journal of the Society for Existential Analysis, vol. 28, no. 2, July 2017, pp. 362–373. EBSCOhost, search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=124558972&site=ehost-live.

 The purpose of this article is to examine the difficulties individual go through in trying to embrace one's self.  The transformation that Gregor encounters in permanent and as a result, he feels that he is alone, insignificant, and meaningless. He gains self-consciousness and starts to question himself about his existence.  He lacks self-knowledge and he does not understand who he is. The article plays a significant role in reminding people that they should acknowledge other's condition, and from the union so that the person in a problem can gain self-discovery and self-consciousness.

Feminism in Mary Shelly’s novel, Frankenstein

Introduction

For a long time, women were forced to live in a world dominated by the male gender. Shelly does a good job in portraying this in her gothic novel, Frankenstein. Further in this novel, Shelly shows how women are possessed by men rather than been left alone to be independent on their own, every step of their life is dictated by the men in their lives. The act of being possessed has made them rely on the support of the men for survival. She portrays the female characters in this novel as victims of male decisions. In conclusion, the females are bent to the will of the male gender. Some may hold the belief that these females are being portrayed as strong characters throughout Shelly’s work through their sacrifice and their potential to change the place they held in society. Throughout the novel, Sherry expresses her story from a feminist viewpoint.

 The scientist in the novel is obsessed with creating all things by himself without the help of the woman. This is portraying that women were living in the outskirts of a male dominated world where their help was not valued. When Frankenstein started to create a monster female, he should have sought out the help of another female for help but he didn’t, this is evidence that the female had no place in the society at that time. The fact that Frankenstein is afraid the female creature will have her own thinking is proof enough that women were not independent and their decisions were made for them. He felt threated if female autonomy was to exist (Hadjetian, n.p). Frankenstein threated by these thoughts destroyed the almost finished female monster. This female creature was not given an opinion to choose whether to live or die, this proofs how much men were responsible for making decisions affecting women.

Justine another female character in the novel openly admits that she does not fear death when the town people accuses her of murdering William, when Frankenstein fails to admit what truly killed William. The words that Justine uses portrays her as a strong character and makes her gain respect. During the time this story was set in the death of a woman depicted her as a strong-willed person. The fact that she would also be absent in the book would make her a strong person since her death was for a good course (Hadjetian, n.p). Her sacrifice helps in improving the position of the women in society at her time by publicly dictating her willingness to die.

            Despite Elizabeth, Frankenstein’s wife to be being the most dominant female in the novel she is overshadowed by the male characters. Frankenstein is found of Elizabeth but the fact that he views her as submissive sex cannot be disputed. Frankenstein undermines her existence and what she wants and declares that she belongs to him. It is clearly obvious that Frankenstein does not hold Elizabeth with much respect looking at the way he describes her, at one point he compared her to summer insects, he views her the same way he views a child. Elizabeth is killed by the monster which was seeking vengeance after Victor destroyed the companion that he was making for him. The monster did this because Elizabeth was Frankenstein’s possession (Schechet,136). In a feminist context, Shelley uses Elizabeth to show how men viewed and treated women by putting them in a submissive position.

Safie, a woman that is only mentioned in a few chapters of the story has been portrayed as a brave and strong-willed in nature. She defies her father’s command to stay in Turkey by traveling to Germany on her own to live a life with her lover Felix. She refuses her life to be dictated by her father, this kind of self-governing was unheard of in any female at that particular time (Shelley,221). The fact that her character lasts for only a few pages of the book is a clear indication that women such as Safie only existed in an ideal world of imagination and finding women like her in a male dominated society is close to impossible.

At many points in her novel, Shelley shows the effects of maternal absence. The fact that almost all mothers in the book live for a very short time is evidence that the theme of motherhood was scarce in her novel. Frankenstein’s mother dies of scarlet fever. Elizabeth his wife dies when they are on their honeymoon. Eventually their housekeeper Justine is convicted of murder. In his whole life, he grows up motherless and due to this many dramatic incidences follow. He creates a monster and tries to make it a human being created by man alone. The fact that he is devising a new way of making life that does not need conception is proof enough that he lacked the nurturing of a mother when growing up (Shelley, 221). He also lacked the maternal affection of his creation when he chooses to abandon it

Conclusion

For many centuries, women were forced to live in a male dominated world where they would have to depend on then entirely for support and survival. From a feminist viewpoint Mary Shelley portrays this in her novel, Frankenstein. Victor Frankenstein creates a female creature without seeking help from a female. He kills this female creature because he fears that it will express female autonomy which is a threat according to him. Justine another female character expresses strong will and is ready to die her sacrifice was to work in improving the position of the women in society. Caroline relies on the men in her life for support and survival this portrays her as a weak character. Elizabeth is viewed as a possession that belongs to Frankenstein. Lastly, Safie a strong-willed woman is used to show that strong-willed women in society were just a figment of imagination.

Work cited

Hadjetian, Sylvia. Mary Shelley's Frankenstein and Feminism. München: GRIN Verlag, 2008. Print. Np

Schechet, Nita. Narrative Fissures: Reading and Rhetoric. Madison [N.J.: Fairleigh Dickinson University Press, 2005. Print.136

Shelley, Mary W, Stephen C. Behrendt, and Anca Munteanu. Cliffs complete Shelley's Frankenstein. New York: Hungry Minds, 2001. Internet resource. 212

Hamlet

1. Introduction

Hamlet is one of the most famous play by Shakespeare. Hamlet is the main character and everything seems to be revolving around him, he is a loyal prince of Denmark. This play has been by analyzed by two critics, Bradley and Jones. These two critics answer questions such as, who is Hamlet, what is his problem, what is his dominant conflict, how does this conflict manifest itself and lastly, how doe this conflict account for the delay in action that the readers see. These two have their own different answers pertaining these questions. Their arguments differ and both have different thesis.

2. Hamlet’s character

In Bradley’s essay, he describes Hamlet as a person longing for death and full of grief but he was not grieving due to his father’s death nor for loosing the crown. He was grieving because his mother was not the good-natured woman, she knew but an adulterous woman.  He is portrayed as a character with loathing for the world. He is describing as a character who was so full of love for his mother until the time when he learns of her bad nature (169). This definition of Hamlet’s character is similar to that of Jones since at the introduction of his essay he describes Hamlet as a person who had enjoyed the affection of his mother while he was a child.

3. Hamlet’s problems

According to these two essays, Hamlets problems are not exact, and pinpointing them is difficult. There are many problems that are contributing to the dilemma he is in. the first of his problems is that he is disappointed in his mother’s adulterous nature. His morality becomes a problem since it delays him from killing the current king, Claudius. The other problems he faces is that he is not able to act on his instincts, he tends to over think a lot. Another problem he faces is the constant appearance of the dead king, his father to him. Hamlet suffers from melancholy which makes him second guess himself almost all the time, it can be said that the appearance of his father’s ghost is the cause of his melancholy. Another of Hamlets problems arise from his relationship with Ophelia, the fact that he suffers from Oedipus complex cannot be disputed. This relationship comes with a lot of grief. His problem of Oedipus complex is only talked about by Jones (204). All these problems arising in his life makes him lack the haste of killing the current king (172). The appearance of his fathers’ ghost and the fact that his bound to his command is the beginning of all his problems.

The problem arising from his morality is based on the fact that, he feels like he has to morally justify murdering Claudius before he can even kill him. His morality is restraining them from fulfilling the vengeance that the ghost of his father seeks. The fact that he could not satisfy himself by avenging his father’s death also restrained him. His morality connects with his other problem of overthinking matters (171). He fears acting on his instincts because if the ghost was wrong, he will have killed an innocent man and on the other hand he is bound to obey his father.

4. Hamlet’ s dominant conflict

Reading from these two essays, there are dominant internal and external conflict surrounding Hamlet. His father, the old king Hamlet is killed by his brother, Claudius who within a span of two months marries Hamlet’s mother. The brother takes the throne of Denmark that would have belonged to Hamlet. The fact that his father’s ghost is appeared to him and narrated to him how he was killed by his own brother, up until the day this ghost appeared everyone had believed that he had died a natural death (171). This learning of his father’s cause of death leads to an internal conflict as he wonders what actions to take and how to take them.

5. How Hamlet’s conflicts manifest themselves

This internal conflict is evident by the soliloquies and recurring motifs in the play. Hamlet is always having a conversation with himself, an example of these conversations is “The time is out of joint! O cursed spite. That I was ever born to set it right” (171) and “What is a man if his chief good and market of his time, be but to sleep and feed? A beast, no more” (174). These monologues are evidence that he is conflicting internally. There is a sad and grieving mood that is occurring repeatedly, this mood is repeating itself because hamlet is conflicting internally over the same matters. His external conflict is with his uncle, Claudius and it is not resolved until he kills him in return for killing his father. These conflicts can be said to be caused by the clash between his own personal grief, and his father’s ghost wish for vengeance (175). Killing Claudius is the only way his internal and external conflicts can be resolved.

6. How Hamlet’s conflicts account for the delay of his action

One of the things that captivate a reader while reading this play is the fact that he delays his revenge and this makes the readers question his reasons for doing so. His internal conflict is accountable for the delay of his revenge. From the time he learned of Gertrude’s  adulterous behavior and killing of the old king, he sought out avenge this murder however, he has for a long time delayed his revenge to the point at one time he feigns madness in order to escape the reality he was living in. due to his internal conflict Hamlet is a depressed person, depressed by his mothers marriage to the king’s brother only three months after the death of his father(201). This marriage was not even allowed by the canon law and the bare fact that his mother was part of the ploy to kill his father depresses her much further.

Another factor contributing to Hamlet’s delay is the fact that he views himself as a philosopher who thinks situations over and over a gain instead of a man of action who acts on his instincts and was also paralyzed by his grief.  He is intellectual and reflects on things before he can act, he prefers to go over his thought’s countless times rather than act on them. His morality is always a problem that has always being a hinderance to his revenge. He is unsure if killing Claudius is a moral action or an immoral action. His morals and the fact that he is an idealistic person have been always been hindering his revenge since they are at the top of his problems that are also responsible for his conflicts. Also, his need to prove or disapprove whether the ghost was right or wrong before he acts (172). He already had suspicions that his dead father’s ghost was either his father or a ghost from hell, therefore he had to be sure before bending to its will.

It can also argue that on of the reasons that he delayed in taking vengeance is because he was a religious person. he had at one point found an opportunity to kill Claudius but he did not act on it, due to his Christian beliefs he hesitated and decided that he should kill him in a stage of grace for him to be able to sanctify his uncle and be able to clear his own path to heaven. He decided to wait instead of killing in sin which would result to him to condemning his soul to an eternity full of suffering.  Also, the fact that Hamlet might have been weak because he was heartbroken by the series of unfortunate events in his life (200). Also, after killing Polonius, he is sent to England therefore he is unable to reach Claudius despite all the factors that delay his revenge he finally manages to kill Claudius.

7. Conclusion

Hamlet is a play by Shakespeare, Hamlet is a character full of grief and in a dilemma. He his mother has greatly disappointed him by being part of the ploy to kill his father and three months later marrying his uncle. He has many problems that cannot be pin pointed although the appearance of the ghost of his father. He learns about the killing of his father by his uncle and he vows to avenge this act. He struggles with internal conflict to the extent he feigns madness in order to escape the reality he was living in, he is greatly confused on the course of action that is morally right. All the conflicting factors make him delay his revenge by along shot but finally he accomplishes it.

Work cited

Hamlet -criticism-2.pdf

A youngster flings a rock at a baker’s window. Groups of people collect on site to satisfy their curiosity and jointly settle on the fact that even though someone broke the window, there is a positive side to the event (Wikisource). A glazier will come and replace the broken window. Therefore, the baker made a loss but on other side, the glazier gained. Hence, another man’s gain’s is someone else loss. In addition, as the glazier gains, the entire society also benefits due to the fact that he can use the finances in various ways hence different people would benefit. Thus, as the glazier spends his income, various people will gain from his income. In short breaking the window was caused a rippling effect across the community.

The mob of people overlooked the tailor. When one puts the tailor at the center, the whole situation changes the perspective and alters the condition as he comes into the limelight after one considers an alternative scenario (Wikisource). How things would turn out if the window would not break. In addition, if the window would remain intact and in the end, the hoodlum would spend the money on a new suit hence the glazier would be at a loss. Hence, the neighborhood would not gain anything from the Hoodlum’s actions. Thus, depending on the frame of the situation the losses and wins may change significantly. There the broken window creates a number of scenarios and each scenario has its own losses and gains. The losses and gains shift depending on the elements placed at the center of the situation. If the baker’s suit is at the center, the community loses and of the glazier’s income comes first, the community gains.

Reference

Wikisource https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Essays_on_Political_Economy/That_Which_Is_Seen,_and_That_Which_Is_Not_Seen

Response to ‘Plutopia’ by Kate Brown

‘Plutopia’ by Kate Brown is an impressive book that performs a good job at comparing the history of United States and Russia when it comes to matters of plutonium production. She argues that the history of these two nations can only be told by capturing the manner in which they reflect and also reinforce one another. Part one and two of the book looks at the construction of the two plutonium producing plants and also the social and economic impacts of the plants to the surrounding the communities as they developed. I would say the exploration by Brown is very effective because the readers get to understand these communities and the effects that the operation of plants had on their lives.

 In both Russia and U.S, the powerful centralized state authority dictated the responses to concerns about matters of national security, radiation emission release and the general control of the labour source by strictly regulating the stream of atomic data, by rigidily consolidating space, and by encouraging material reimbursement to the inhabitants of these plutopias. In both these places, the residents welcomed and accepted these promises of consumer affluence in trade for their loyalty, discipline, silence and also health.

I particularly like the manner in which Brown repeatedly demonstrates the way that the Richland and Ozersk plants polluted the surrounding environments with the radioactive waste without any considerations as to the long term effects that they would have on the society. The construction of the plants is presented in a way that shows that the facilities were not properly organized and hence very insecure and wasteful of the resources. Both the military and the civilian executives that run the two operations help to illustrate the little concern of the health effects that the radiation exposure had on the workers and also the residents because all that they cared for is to get the weapons all at the expense of the residents. The hazards of the exposure were pointed out in both cases but no measure was taken to counter the effects which are just an illustration of how ignorant the project managers were. as explained by Brown, the worry of the residents in regard to their health was always displaced with the reassurance of better health for them which as a lie. Brown argues that if the measures that are there today in the 21^st century in regard to gender sensitivity and environmental awareness were applied then, then the effects would not have been so great.

A new term that is effectively introduced by Brown in Plutopia is ‘biological rights’ which brings the question as to whether biological rights are constructed differently across time and place. People have often had their biological rights prescribed by their race, class and location but this is not really appropriate. Biological rights are just like civil rights and responsibilities and every human being is entitled to have their rights respected.

Brown’s work is effective because it relies on research, interviews and a firm grounding in the secondary literature of both US and Russia. All the stories that she tells have been told before so no one can doubt them, however the way that Brown combines them together to draw a conclusion is much more effective. She effectively uses her experiences through the use of first person narrative device to provide the readers an important access point to a narrative hose social justice implication evidently need such a personal touch.

References

 Brown, K. (2013). Plutopia: Nuclear families, atomic cities, and the great Soviet and

            American plutonium disasters. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

An anthology of The Jelley Cupboard and Burnished Pebbles

Introduction

I choose to write an anthology of these two books exploring death because death is a feared subject and only few people choose to explore it. The poems contained in this two books are of death and how people fear to deal and address death. The writers of these two poetry books address death and try to convince people to accept the fact that with life comes death that is unstoppable and no one has the ability to change that sequence. These two authors express the belief that one can overcome the fear of death and live free without fear.

Death takes a loved one away forever, Hendry in her book the Burnish Pebbles used the poem Realization to express how she felt after the death of someone she cared about. “I listen to my heart ponding pain in every beat” (Hendry 4). She expresses how her heart pains from the death of her loved one. She laments further that as time went by her death was also going to happen “But existence mocks my prayer for nearing feet” (Hendry 4). The fact that she will never see her loved one makes her cry till there are no more tears to cry “I stare until my straining eyes are blinded, hot and dry” (Hendry 4) she has no faith of seeing her friend again.

Hendry in her poem To An Ultra-optimist, expresses death as a monster that comes with time and grabs life from people. Despite, this opinion of hers she goes further and says there is peace in death and one should live without the fear of death. “If the moon should sink and stars should fall and thunder peal and knocks; If the sun should blink and planets stall, And the heavens reals and rocks, Pollyanna would you still ask me with calmness ask me why I dare presume these is not a perfect place?” (Hendry 4). She uses these lines to show that there is comfort and peace after death.

Jelley use the poem Angst to express how ones feels after the death of a loved one and to shows that one can eventually move on from the loss “She cried the loss of her mother, her friend, her duty, her relationship. She sobbed the past and the future, her voice, her smell; and the sobs and cries soothed like gentle healing ointment on an open wound, and slowly she begun to heal” (Jelley 13).

Conclusion

Hendry and Jelley in their poems help to show that death takes away ones loved one and eventually it shall take away everyone. They are helping people come to terms with death since it is a natural occurrence and nothing can alter it. In their poems they show that one can move on and overcome the loss of a loved one and the fear of death. They also tell that there is peace after death. Jelly in his poem I Am Not Ready expresses that one does not necessarily have to be ready for death but accept it as it comes “I am told to let go, and have faith I will not fall but rise towards the heavens and I reply, I am not ready am too young to die” (Jelley 18). These poets are a great help in helping people deal with death.

Work cited

Jelley, Dawn. The Jelley Cupboard: Poems About Life, Death, and Other Sticky Stuff. Place of publication not identified: Gardners Books, 2007. Print.

Hendry, Dorothy D. Burnished Pebbles: Poems of Love, Death, and Life. New York: iUniverse, 2007. Print.

The themes of oppression and discrimination in Kincaid’s and Staples’ work

Introduction

The work of Kincaid the Ugly Tourist and Staples work, Just Walk on by: Black Men and Public Space share two common themes which are oppression and discrimination. These two themes are evident in their work despite the difference in content contained in the two pieces of writings. Kincaid starts of her work by expressing how the county has been neglected and exploited in the name of tourism. As her books proceed she continues to portray the theme of discrimination and oppression further. From the narrations of Staples concerning his life it is evident that the theme of discrimination and exploitation is present. The works of these two have portrayed this two themes openly and continuously till the end.

Staples in his work expresses how being a black man in the field of journalism which is mostly dominated by the whites led him to being discriminated and looked down on many times. The first incidence of discrimination occurred when he was a graduate student. He was taking a walk when a white woman who was walking in front of him got frightened thinking that he was following her she ran away. This white woman believed that he wanted to harm her which was not the case (Anker 834). This white woman brings out the theme of discrimination that is present in staples work. This was the first time that he was discriminated due to his skin color, a factor that he could not change. He came to the realization that his skin color would lead to him being discriminated again and again.

Kincaid identifies herself with the powerless natives who are being oppressed by the tourists visiting her country. The theme of oppression is brought forth by how she refers to the natives of her land as powerless natives. They have been oppressed and power has been taken away from them by the tourists. Kincaid goes further and attacks the powerful leaders ruling the country for allowing something as ugly as tourism to take place. Kincaid shares her disdain for the ugly American tourists who their interest is not to gain more cultural experience on the places they travel or deepening their knowledge on the people occupying the lands they tour (Bouson 94). They fact that they travel so that they can feel culturally superior is evidence enough that they are discriminating the people occupying the areas they are touring, thus bringing forth the theme of discrimination that is very much present in the work of Kincaid.

Staples narrates another incidence where he faces discrimination, this time he was waiting for an interview and to pass time he entered a jewelry store. The seller excused herself and later returned with a security dog. This passed the message that he was not wanted in that place. He silently looked around then nodded and bade the seller a good night. He tells of another incidence a fellow black journalist was mistaken for a murderer by white policemen, they hauled him from his car holding him at gun point. He goes further to say that such episodes are very common (Anker 837). These policemen are discriminating and oppressing black men due to their skin color, Staples continues to make the theme of discrimination and oppression present in his work.

Kincaid express how tourists are oppressing those living in Antigua because they come to the place feeling more blessed than the residents of Antigua. She accuses them of thoughtlessly being pleases at the hot and dry climate of Antigua without considering the fact that the climate which is their source of happiness is the suffering of the people living there since there is no rain. She is bitter of how they pass the poorly built schools and hospital as they go to their hotels. She is attacking the unwilling tourists who have forgotten how their countries exploited the people of Antigua through unspeakable slavery and yet they cannot help but derive pleasure from coming to see how undervalued they are (Bouson 94). This helps Kincaid to bring out the theme of oppression and discrimination that is present in her work. These Europeans and Americans oppressed them and forced them into slavery and still they are oppressing them by deriving pleasure from their suffering state.

Staples continue to bring out the theme of discrimination and oppression in his work through narrating the incidences that took place in his life. He is discriminated because he is a black man, this can be termed as racism. He talks of how he tried to overcome this discrimination, as time passed he was able to control the rage that came with being misunderstood and taken for a criminal. He moved about with care in the evening and smiled widely at people who got nervous when they saw him pass in the subways mostly in the evening. When entering the building behind people who suspect him, he would walk past them to assure them that he is not following them. He ensured that he was always calm when he got pulled over by police while driving (Anker 837). Staples did this just to show that despite the fact that he is discriminated against, he poses no threat to his discriminators.

 He continues to narrate that when he is taking late evening walks he whistles melodies from classic composers to reduce the tension and fear that people feel when he walked past or behind them. He views this as a good method of reducing the tension of those people around him. Those around him seem to join him in whistling the popular tunes. Those around him gets the message that he means no harm to them since, no one intending to commit violence would not be focusing on whistling tunes (Anker 837). Talking of how he overcame discrimination and the feeling of being oppressed is evidence enough that the theme of discrimination is present throughout his work.

Kincaid in her work talks of how the British once mocked Antiguans because of how they spoke, looked like and their behavior and now the Antiguans were secretly mocking them (Bouson 97). The fact that the British mocked Antiguans is evidence of the theme of discriminations. The British discriminated them because of their appearance and behavior. Also the fact that she shows a lot of hatred for the white man is evidence that she is hurt by how the white man oppressed and discriminated her people during colonialization.  She places insults on the white tourists when she says that when one becomes a tourist he/she become and empty ugly thing (Bouson 97). She undercuts the superiority of the white male who discriminated her people and now because her people are free of them she feels that she can discriminate them to. She is bitter that her people were exploited in slavery (Ferguson, 180). The theme of discrimination and oppression is evident in Kincaid’s work and is brought out by the reasons she is bitter towards the white tourist.

Kincaid continues being bitter due to the discrimination her people faced. Millions of her people were made orphans and left without a land or a place to call home. Even their native language was lost in the process. This clearly shows that they were exploited and oppressed and everything they had was taken away from them. She says that they have been left with the language of the colonizers and colonizers use this language to justify the horrible things they did to the Antiguans (Bouson 101). The mention of the horrible things that were done to the Antiguans is evidence that they were oppressed and discriminated by these white colonizers thus, bringing the themes of oppression and discrimination forward.

Conclusion

Both Kincaid and Staples make the themes of discrimination and oppression very obvious in their works. In the work of Staples, the themes are very evident following the events that took place in his life, when he was in a white man’s land. Kincaid expresses discrimination and oppression the people of Antigua faced when the British were colonizing them during the colonial period. She also shows how the white tourists are taking advantage of the hot and dry climate instead of seeing that they are suffering because they do not have enough rain instead, white tourists are exploiting their situation to make themselves happy. Discrimination and oppression are present in Staples’ and Kincaid’s work and they have clearly expressed their opinion on the discrimination and oppression they faced.

Work cited

Anker, Susan. Real Essays with Readings: Writing Projects for College, Work, and Everyday Life. Boston, MA: Bedford/St. Martins, 2009. Print.

Bouson, J B. Jamaica Kincaid: Writing Memory, Writing Back to the Mother. Albany: State University of New York Press, 2005. Internet resource.

Ferguson, Moira. Jamaica Kincaid: Where the Land Meets the Body. Charlottesville: Univ. Press of Virginia, 1994. Print.