Planned Change in a Department or Unit

Introduction

In the contemporary business surrounding, organizational transformation is an avoidable aspect in order to obtain a competitive position. Organizational transformation is mainly purposed for creating motivation to all the participants within the organization so that changes can be embraced as well as adopted for the long run efficiency (Kotter, 2012). With respect to this context organizational change is a broad scope that incorporates operational transformations, structure, and culture of the given changes of operative activities. It should be noted that organizational transformation acts in addressing the provided inefficiency that is created in the organization. Change is usually the best occurrence because it helps in addressing the existing issues thus leading to effectiveness.

Problem/ Issue within the Department or Unit

Presently conservative paper based systems are highly embraced by nurses in the organization in managing all the operations of the hospital on daily grounds. This system is normally characterized by inefficiencies that affect health care services quality. This is usually the case given that the papers are lost, destroyed and may therefore not be useful for future references.  For example some there are some issues which cannot be avoided such as human errors, improper prescriptions as well as safety issues are a normal occurrence when the system is paper-based (Kotter, 2012). In essence, the healthcare system that operates on the grounds of papers usage can be considered as harmful mainly to the healthcare institution and the involved patients. As the result of this occurrence, this creates the necessity of devising effective approaches that healthcare professionals and nurses in the institution should adopt so that efficiency and effectiveness can be achieved (Kotter, 2012).

Specific and Realistic Change to Address the Issue

Healthcare is among the sectors that have been impacted positively by innovation and technological advancement.  One of the prime advancement that has occurred are can be many benefits to healthcare institutions is the utilization of computer-based recording. A healthcare system that depends on computer services can be regarded as highly effective in accomplishing operative tasks (Suchman, Sluyter, & Williamson, 2011). This application is essential for delivering quality in that it seeks to eradicate human errors that are associated with the use of traditional pen and paper drafting approaches. Computers are useful because they can be utilized as the primary tools in lowering errors that might be expensive for the institutions thus creating quality in all the medical processes and enhancing the safety of the patients. In addition, the system seeks to ensure that the nurse’s needs are addressed by ensuring that they acquire satisfaction. Computer systems create these benefits through the provision of electronic based storage for all the patient’s data and all the related information such as medical history, treatment option, and family medical background (Suchman, Sluyter, & Williamson, 2011).  Moreover, the systems can be utilized in maintaining records of billing information and different prescription that suits the patients. Through this, the safety of the patients is enhanced since the systems may also query all the medical related database illustrating the permitted and the non-permitted prescriptions.

When compared to the traditional paper writing system the doctors are less likely to create any error that might be expensive and destructive on the health of the patients. This, therefore, shows that a healthcare system that is computer based tends to be highly productive and operative when compared to the traditional based in the contemporary society (Kelley, 2016). In this context, the computer systems can be utilized by nurses in tracking and analyzing all the results generated from the tests through conducting medical comparisons. The application of computer aid in healthcare is not only useful in the provision of storage and prescription records traces.  This is because the system can also incorporate software’s that can thus be utilized in making a diagnosis through computerized software’s that creates effectiveness when the symptoms are provided which is accomplished through body tissues examination. Some of the recent developments have resulted in the aiding of surgical operations through computer systems. Actually, most of the healthcare operations can be accomplished with the assistance of computers which demonstrates computer technologies importance (Kelley, 2016). Further, the systems help in saving both time and cost through enhancing efficiency.

Alignment of Change with Mission Vision and Values of the Organization and Well as Professional Standards

The company’s vision and mission mainly assert on the general provision of quality healthcare services and this can best be accomplished with the assistance and the adoption of nursing practices that are effective for the application of computer aid within the healthcare system. This means that electronic medical records implementation within the organizational setting will be highly useful in facilitating the organization to achieve this vision. In reference to the institution’s values, the organization asserts mainly on nurses productivity and efficiency as well as the utilization of nursing practices that are objected on creating patient safety. The existing paper-based structure within the organization fails to offer an effective surrounding given that its culture does not guarantee full productivity, effectiveness, and competence of the nurses and the safety of all its patients. With respect to this perspective, electronic records adoption is bound to create a favorable working surrounding that will foster productivity of all the nurses while simultaneously guaranteeing safety to the patients and the nurses (Suchman, Sluyter, & Williamson, 2011). In regard to the professional norms, it is clear that electronic records system implementation in the hospital will be useful in ensuring that effective and high-quality healthcare services are delivered by the organizational nurses without the occurrence of errors.

Change Model for Implementation Change Plan

The most suitable change model for the study is the Three-Step Change approach by Kurt Lewin. This model mainly involves liberating, change and freezing (William, 2003). Liberation involves forces reduction that is mainly objected at retaining the position quo while terminating the persisting mindset (William, 2003). Liberation can, therefore, be conducted through the presentation of an experienced issue within the organization so that it can be ensured that the change necessary is viewed by every individual so that they can start on investigating for probable solutions (William, 2003). On the other hand, change mainly incorporates the creation of fresh perceptions, behaviors as well as values with the use of the changing process, development approaches and the structure of the organization (William, 2003). The last step is termed as freezing which is the last stage of change implementation and returning to the conventional operations (William, 2003). This model best suits the problem situation given that in the institution nurses are mainly utilizing the paper-based technique in the provision of healthcare services and therefore ensuring that they adopt the fresh technology might generate resistance. This, therefore, necessitates the transition procedure to be a gradual one as advocated by the model.

Change Facilitation Steps

Prior to the change process implementation, a critical evaluation is necessary to establish whether this change is appropriate. This, therefore, means that after the evaluation then suitable strategies for the implementation are then identified so that the rising issues might be combated. The second step of the procedure is to clearly outline change process vision. This is essential in ensuring that the change process is well placed (Kelley, 2016). This means the consideration of all the driving forces to ensure that efficiency is acquired. The vision can additionally be useful in fighting any form of resistance. Next is to communicate the intentions with all those that are involved which helps in the creation of commitment from all the staffs. The real implementation is the other stage where the strategy is implemented based on the needs of the institution. However, the implementation cannot be effective until strategies for overcoming barriers are fully adopted for the transition to occur which necessitates flexibility (Kelley, 2016).

Individuals Involved In the Management and Initiation of the Change

The system change incorporates all the health personnel’s in the entire system implementation so that the challenges and disappointments can be combated in the early stages (Kelley, 2016). Changing from the free surrounding into a more that has restrictions must be accompanied by several challenges. All the managers in the departments will be required in acting as the pivot of the change procedures via the operative vision change articulation and the general utilization of effective leading qualities in ensuring that the members are motivated fully (Green, Bowie & McGraw, 2011).

Conclusion

It is apparent that organizational change is of great importance in acquiring operation efficiency. However, this changes are accompanied by different barriers due to resistance and thus suitable approaches should be developed in dealing with each. The implementation of electronic records in the institution will work to create patient safety be lowering errors and emphasizing on services quality. Electronic records adoption is bound to create a favorable working surrounding that will foster productivity of all the nurses while simultaneously guaranteeing safety to the patients and the nurses.

            References

Green, M. A., Bowie, M. J., & McGraw, S. L. (2011). Essentials of health information management: Principles and practices. Clifton Park, NY: Delmar Cengage Learning.

Kelley, T. (2016). Electronic health records for quality nursing & health care. DEStech Publications.

Kotter, J. P. (2012). Leading change. Harvard Business Press.

Suchman, A. L., Sluyter, D. J., & Williamson, P. R. (2011). Leading changes in healthcare: Transforming organizations using complexity, positive psychology, and relationship-centered care. London: Radcliffe Pub.

William, B. (2003). Managing Transition: Making the Most of Change. New York: Cambrige.

Crunchy Biscuits

Crunchy biscuits is a small biscuit manufacturing company which aims to expand its market in different parts of the world. The company has been operational for the past 6 weeks, and is currently in the process of coming up with new strategies, in order create awareness of its products, and also increase its market share.

Financial Plan for the Business

Projected Net Income: the revenue forecasts for the 4 year plan comprise increases of 3% annually, with an exception of this year, since we have already estimated an increase of 2%, and this was based on the supplies that we made in the first 5 weeks of the start of the business (Levinson, & Horowitz, 2010). Within this period, we have been able to get three supermarkets, where we supply our products.

Our cost of sales in one month is 46% of gross revenue, the market cost for advertisements, and promotions constitutes 5%, of the average sales. However, due to the new techniques and strategies which the company seeks to employ, the estimated net income will increase by 60% each and every year. In the first week of operation, the gross revenue collected was $1100, $1500 in the second week, $1470 in the third week, $1770 in the fourth week and $2550 in the fifth week.

Cash Flow Projection: we assume that we will need to increase the capital in order to hire more employees, advertise and promote our goods, in order to improve our sales growth and to create the awareness of our products (Longenecker et al, 2017). In order to finance our company, we will have to get a loan from the bank. In addition, the company’s shareholders can also offer the company loans, thus improving the performance of the company. In the first year of operations, the company will be able to create the awareness of its products, hence increasing its market share. In addition, the cost of loan repayment will not be felt on the first year, hence it is not significant to project the revenue of the company in its first year of operation (Levinson, & Horowitz, 2010).

After acquiring the loans, net income is supposed to increase by 60%, since we will have created the awareness of the product through advertisements and promotions. Moreover, the monthly gross income is supposed to increase 8%, due to the product awareness and the increase in the number of employees in the company (Needle, 2010). This will consequently enable the company’s revenue to be able to increase gradually, due to the huge number of employees, and proper strategies.

Guerrilla Marketing Strategy

Guerrilla marketing strategy is very effective and it will consequently enable the company to be able to reach its goals. In order for this strategy to be effective for the company, the company will determine the appropriate person to market the business daily (Needle, 2010). This person will be supposed to be among the company’s employees. The person should understand the performance of the company, thus understanding the best marketing approaches according to the products which Crunchy biscuit sales (Levinson, & Horowitz, 2010).

The business will then move forward to set its marketing budget, based on its projected net revenue over a period of two years. Budgeting is very important, as it allows the company to understand the amount of money which it will be required to pump into the strategy at the beginning, and how much it will also be able to spend as time goes by. Budgeting for marketing strategies is very important, as it allows the business to be able to gain huge profits, rather than gaining less profits (Longenecker et al, 2017).

Thirdly, the company should choose the best marketing tool, which will be used in order to boost the strategy (Knowles & Castillo, 2011). A research should be conducted prior to choosing the tools, as this would allow the company to be able to understand the best ways of reaching the customers. Viral marketing and ambient forms of marketing will be very essential for the business, since it is still new in the market. Viral market will not only create the awareness of the product, but it will also allow the company to market its products using other traditional forms of advertisements but in electronic form (Needle, 2010).

Crunchy biscuits should then record its spending and results on a marketing calendar. The chart should not be very complex, but it should be a simple record by week, month and year of the marketing efforts gained by the company (Levinson, & Horowitz, 2010). These results increase gradually, and the company should be able to track its performance, hence understanding the strengths and weaknesses of the strategy (Longenecker et al, 2017).

The company should then invest in the strategy, in order to boost its performance hence being successful. Most companies do not end up making it due to the lack of a follow up which makes the strategy less successful (Knowles & Castillo, 2011). The marketer should be provided with the necessary resources, thus allowing the person to effectively use the strategy effectively.

The company should then foster the execution of the strategy, since poor execution may not lead to success. Most companies tend to suffer, due to having proper plans and strategies, but the execution of the plans becomes a problem hence leading to failure. Crunch biscuits should foster the executions of its strategies, in order to increase its market share (Needle, 2010).

In order to understand the plan’s effectiveness, the company will track the effectiveness of its plans. This will enable the company to answer questions such as, what seems to be working over a certain period of months, what is most effective, How much is the company spending for every sale (Levinson, & Horowitz, 2010). In so doing, the company will understand it’s the weaknesses and strengths of its plans. Tracking where the customers are coming from is significant, as it allows the business to understand how it can boost the sale of its products (Longenecker et al, 2017).

Finally, after every three months, the company should assess its plans, whereby the plans which are not working should be refined while those which are working should be improved. This will consequently enable the company to be able to reach a wider market, due to the effectiveness of its strategies.

The most appropriate location for the new shop is in Manhattan, New York. This is consequently because New York is a good place for start-ups (Knowles & Castillo, 2011). In the past years most companies did set up their businesses in Silicon Valley, this has however changed, due to the performance of New York. New York has always been a merchant city, where people from all over the world moved and settled. Moreover, the city provides employment opportunities to most people due to the availability of companies in the city. This has consequently forced most people to move from other states into New York, in order to secure new jobs (Needle, 2010).

The population of New York City grows gradually, creating market for different products in the city. This is the reason as to why most start-ups tend to invest in New York City, since it is a promising market with people from all walks (Levinson, & Horowitz, 2010). The city has a ready market for different products, due to the huge number of immigrants which it receives each and every year (Longenecker et al, 2017). This allows most companies to be able to perform better while in New York City as compared to those in other cities in the US. In as much as the cost of living is very high in New York, setting up a business in such an area means attracting more customers, hence increasing the company’s revenue.

Setting up a biscuit store in New York will be very advantageous, since the store will be able to easily supply biscuits in different towns in the state of New York (Knowles & Castillo, 2011). This will therefore save the shipping costs, since the company will not have to spend a lot of finances on the transportation of its products in New York. Furthermore, due to the huge number of small businesses in New York, the company can be able to easily partner with other small businesses in the city, hence increasing its performance (Longenecker et al, 2017). For instance, since New York City has a lot of small online businesses, it makes it easy for the company to be able to partner with such companies, hence making it easy for it to be able to gain huge profits due to partnering with other companies.

Plan for Securing Sources of Debt Financing

Establishing a debt financing is very significant when starting a small business. Bank debt is usually the main source of finance to any company (Needle, 2010). Taking a short term loan is therefore necessary for the company, in order to maintain and keep its inventory. A long-term debt which will be paid within a period of five years will therefore be made. In order to acquire a bank loan, the bank will require some security, this consequently means that one of the shareholders in the company will have to offer his or her property as security for the loan (Levinson, & Horowitz, 2010).

Secondly, a shareholder may also give the company a loan, whereby his or her shares will increase based on the percentage of loan given to the company. This will be a second source of debt financing, whereby the company’s shareholders will discuss the terms of giving the loan to the company. Under these terms, the company will be able to come up with proper ways of paying the debts (Knowles & Castillo, 2011).

Finally, the company should plan how it is going to undertake its expenditure, thus being able to operate effectively (Longenecker et al, 2017). All the finances should be allocated tasks whereby, they can either be used for advertisement, supplying and transportation and for production (Maeda, 2011). This will ensure the company performs better, hence being able to meet its goals. After operating under a very strategic plan, the company will be able to gain profits, whereby it can be able to easily pay the loans acquired from either the bank or from the shareholders. The company should then acquire a different form of investment, after becoming stable, in order to allow it to be able to easily pay the bank loan and the interest without having to drain its finances (Levinson, & Horowitz, 2010).

Reference

Levinson, J. C., & Horowitz, S. (2010). Guerrilla marketing goes green: Winning strategies to improve your profits and your planet. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.

Knowles, R. A., & Castillo, C. (2011). Small business: An entrepreneur's plan. Toronto: Nelson Education.

Longenecker, J. G., Petty, J. W., Palich, L. E., & Hoy, F. (2017). Small business management: Launching & growing entrepreneurial ventures.

Needle, D. (2010). Business in context: An introduction to business and its environment. Andover: South-Western Cengage Learning.

Maeda, M. (2011). The encyclopedia of small business forms and agreements: A complete kit of ready-to-use business checklists, worksheets, forms, contracts, and human resource documents with companion CD-ROM. Ocala, Fla: Atlantic Pub. Group.

Growth & Development

1. Incremental growth refers to the gradual increase in volume of substance like tissues or even number of cells during the growth process (Murray et. al 1997, p 257). An example is incremental lines in teeth’s dentine. Replacement growth refers to the growth of new population that is able to replace itself like in case of the body cells (Murray et. al 1997, p 257). For example the skin cardiomyocyte cells of the heart are replaced at as a person ages. Asynchronous growth – this refers to unequal development of a person in regard to physical, emotional and intellectual aspect (Murray et. al 1997, p 257). For instance, a child may excel in math and poor when reading. Hypertrophy refers to when an organ or tissue increases in length as a result of component cells enlargement (Murray et. al 1997, p 257). An example is the size of the heart’s left ventricle where sarcomeres increases in series. Hyperplasia refers to increase in amount of tissues due to cell proliferation (Murray et. al 1997, p 257). An example, increase in breast glandular cells due to pregnancy.
2. Cephalocaudal refers to where development takes place from top to bottom (Purtilo,et. al 2014, p. 271). An example is where a child first gains physical control of the head, of the arms and eventually their legs. Proximodistal refers to where development takes places from the center of body towards the outward side (Purtilo,et. al 2014, p. 271). For instance, an egg after fertilization involves cells dividing and expanding outward to form an embryo. Bilateral Developmental science – scientific means study of human behavior that involves carrying out empirical research (Purtilo,et. al 2014, p. 271). An example is conducting quantitative research on people’s behavior .Applied means putting the information and findings obtained from developmental science into practical use (Lerner et. al 2003, 43). An example is implementing data on violence to control behavior.  Interdisciplinary involves using people from multiple different fields while carrying out the study on human behavior (Lerner et. al 2003, 43). An example is using people from different cultural background.
3. Developmental context refers to circumstances in which a certain event happens (Anderson, Northam,& Wrennall, 2014, 99) .An example is a understanding behavior at the time if panic. Developmental tasks refer to on that occurs in a predictable and consistent manner in particular time of person’s life.  An example is irritability associated with adolescence. Developmental process means a series of changes associated in growth in life cycle happens (Anderson, Northam,& Wrennall, 2014, 99).  An example is growth of a child into adulthood.
4. Stability in psychology debate holds that development of personalities occurs in first few years then occurs (Sigelman, et. al 2014, 203). For instance, on character is defined in their first five years. Change debate holds that personalities develop or become modified by interactions (Sigelman, et. al 2014, 203). For instance, one becomes a good speaker after interactions with others. Equilibrium in development stage is the period of calm (Sigelman, et. al 2014, 203) .An example is when a child is consolidating some learnt skills. Disequilibrium in development stage involves creative destruction period. An example is when a child is working in his or her new abilities.
5. Continuous development means that a child develops constantly while adding new skills and lessons on top of what they had previously learnt(Purtilo,et. al 2014, p. 271). For instance, a child learns new skills as he or she interacts and plays with others.  Discontinuous development notion hold that children grows through certain stages where they develop various abilities and experience some events in life (Purtilo,et. al 2014, p. 274). For instance, a child moves from toddling to standing on their feet.
6. Nature influences involves certain influences of biological factors and genetic inheritances (Sigelman, et. al 2014, 203). An example is the pre-wiring of a person’s traits adopted from parent. Nurturing refers to influence of various external factors after the process of conception (Sigelman, et. al 2014, 203). An example is the effect of experience on a person’s mental ability.

References

Murray, R. B., Zentner, J. P., & Murray, R. B. (1997). Health assessment & promotion strategies through the life span. Stamford, Conn: Appleton & Lange.257

Purtilo, R. B., Haddad, A. M., & Doherty, R. F. (2014). Health professional and patient interaction. St. Louis, Mo: Elsevier/Saunders. 271-274

Lerner, R. M., Easterbrooks, M. A., Mistry, J., & Weiner, I. B. (2003). Handbook of psychology: Volume 6. New York: Wiley.

Anderson, V., Northam, E., & Wrennall, J. (2014). Developmental neuropsychology: A clinical approach. Psychology Press.

Newman, B. M., & Newman, P. R. (2015). Theories of human development. Psychology Press.

Sigelman, C. K., & Rider, E. A. (2014). Life-span human development. Cengage Learning.203

Unilever

1. International companies which have been operational for the longest time tend to face a lot of challenges as time goes by, and this is usually attributed to slow adoption of new strategies. In order for the CEO of Unilever Polman to be able to come up with very effective strategies, then he should employ the following long-term objectives; achievable, flexible, motivating and understandable.

Achievable

The company should come up with strategies which can easily be achieved. Coming up with goals which can be easily achieved consequently allows the company to be able to achieve more, rather than making the employees to sweat while trying to achieve a goals which cannot be achieved (Tucker, 2016).

Flexible

Unilever should be able to come up with strategies which are flexible, they should be flexible in the sense that they can be used even when the market trends changes (Tucker, 2016). For instance, the company can employee a viral marketing strategy, which can be used for very long period of time, and if new market trends emerge, this strategy can be incorporated in a different form.

Motivating

The strategies which the company sets should be able to motivate both the employees and the customers. This can be achieved through allowing the employees to participate in coming up with new strategies which can enable the company to be able to reach its goals. The employees, have a firsthand experience with the customers, and they therefore know what customers want, and which strategies can enable the company to reach a wider market (Tucker, 2016).

Understandable

In order for the employees to be able to effectively deliver the services which are required to deliver, they must first and foremost understand what they are supposed to do. This consequently means that the company should only come up with strategies which match the employees’ level of understanding. All employees must be able to understand how different strategies work, thus work hand in hand with them, hence leading to the success of the company (Tucker, 2016).

2. In order for Unilever to be able to deal with its challenges it should incorporate the following operational strategies; customer driven strategies, service and product development and developing core competencies.

Customer Driven Strategies

The company should understand the needs of its employees when coming up with strategies. It should therefore come up with strategies which are in line with the wants and needs of the customers (Krishnamurthy & Shetty, 2014). This consequently makes it easier for the company to be able to win a huge market share, since it will be able to retain its customers, and in the process attract new customers through the word of mouth. Furthermore, the company should focus on its challenges rather than trying new approaches. Understanding the needs of the employees will therefore allow the company to come up with customer driven strategies, hence increasing its market share. For instance, if customers are shopping online, then the company should set up an online shop, where it can be able to reach its customers.

Service and Product Development

When developing a product, the company should consider the design of the product, how it will be delivered, and how effective it will be. This consequently helps in making it easier for the company to be able to first and foremost to create a unique product. Most customers’ are attracted to unique products, due to curiosity, hence the Unilever should focus on the development of unique products (Krishnamurthy & Shetty, 2014). In addition, the services offered by the company should also be customer oriented, thus allowing the customers to feel at ease while purchasing Unilever products. For instance, the company should come up with a differently branded washing powder, with its old brand name, but in a different color

Developing Core Competencies

Unilever should develop its core competencies through having a well trained staff, investing on the right resources and having optimal customer service. After doing so, the company should then focus on improving customer service, and the delivery of its products. Furthermore, the company should improve its outsourced services through offering promotions and offers to customers (Krishnamurthy & Shetty, 2014). For instance, the company should offer promotions of its worst performing products, in order to attract customers to the product.

3. Management accounting principles and practices enable the company to effectively achieve its goals through the following strategies.

Fostering Accountability

Management accounting consequently allows the company to foster accountability to its employees, through combining its operations and principles (Hunt & Fowler, 2009). Employees therefore work very hard, through doing the right thing, thus enabling the company to reach its goals. This is usually done through providing guiding principles and data which requires employees to work hard and remain loyal to the company.

Creating employee management relationship

When the management of the company and the employees are in good terms, this allows the employees to participate in decision making, thus providing the company with very significant information. This allows the company to make tangible decisions, and the collection of date becomes easy (Hunt & Fowler, 2009). Unilever should therefore maintain a close relationship with its employees, in order to allow them to provide the company with significant information and data.

Winning the Trust of the Employees

Winning employees’ trust allows the employees to focus on providing the best services to the company. In addition, this allows the employees to operate under the principles of management accounting, hence being able to reach the company’s goals (Hunt & Fowler, 2009). This can be done through focusing on rewarding the employees, thus making them to appreciate the efforts of the management.

4. In order for Unilever to be able to beat its competitors, thus gaining a wider marketing share, it will need to use the following sales and marketing strategies; embrace uniqueness, create a good relationship with the customers and use viral marketing to promote a product.

Embracing Uniqueness

Unilever is a company which has been operating for a very long period of time, and it is consequently required to change the way it operates. This will allow the company to be able to reach a wide market, and to also win over new markets (Fernandez, 2012). The company should change its service delivery, through making it to be in such a way that the customers will like it. Secondly, Unilever should also come up with unique products, thus being able to win the hearts of the customers. This can therefore be done through setting up Unilever retail shops or deports, where customers can be able to purchase Unilever products from.

Create a Good Relationship with the Employees

The employees are the determiners of the company’s performance, due to the strength of word of mouth. Maintaining a good relationship with the employees will allow Unilever to win the hearts of customers, through the word of mouth (Fernandez, 2012). Through the word of mouth, friendly customers will be able to turn their friends and family into potential buyers of Unilever products.

Using Viral Marketing to Promote a Product

The social media is one of the social platforms which is being used by people of different ages in large numbers (Fernandez, 2012). Through viral marketing, the company can be able to make its products to go viral, through offering prizes to those who share the social media products on their social media accounts. This will consequently see the company easily creating a brand awareness, whereby most people will know about the product, and the company will save its costs of running advertisements.

5. Human resource and risks management might become fatal for the company, if the right measures are not put in place. The following are the human resource and risk management strategies can help in improving avoiding such risks.

Motivate the Employees

Motivating employees’ helps in boosting their performance, since they feel appreciated thus offering the best services for the company (Cascio & Boudreau, 2012). Employees can be motivated in different ways and this may include promotions, bonuses and salary increment. When employees are motivate through salary increment, promotions and bonuses, they tend to work extra harder, hence enabling the company to avoid encountering any obstacles. Furthermore, this reduces employee turnover rates, due to being satisfied.

Nurture Employees’ Talents

Nurturing the employees’ talents consequently helps in understanding the strengths and weaknesses of different employees in the company (Cascio & Boudreau, 2012). This also allows the management of the company to put different employees in groups based on their talents. When employees with similar talent are placed in the same group, the management can give them tasks which correspond to their talents, hence easily accomplishing such tasks. For instance, if employees who are talented actors are given the task of coming up with an advertisement which will include acting in it, such employees will come up with a very creative script.

Competitive Pay

When recruiting, the company should offer a competitive pay, where it can be able to get the best employees. This will therefore see the best fit people applying for the job, hence the company will not find it hard in shortlisting the best suited persons (Cascio & Boudreau, 2012). Furthermore, this will enable the company to be able to focus on choosing qualified and experienced people. When people are motivated by the pay, will definitely apply for the job, hence the company will be capable of recruiting persons who understand what they should be doing.

Reference

Tucker, T. (2016). Technology business management: The four value conversations cios must have with their businesses. Place of publication not identified: Bookbaby.

Cascio, W. F., & Boudreau, J. W. (2012). Short introduction to strategic human resource management.

Hunt, C., & Fowler, C. J. (2009). Management accounting: Strategic decision making, performance and risk. North Shore, N.Z: Pearson.

Fernandez, P. (2012). Revenue disruption: Game-changing sales and marketing strategies to accelerate growth. Hoboken, N.J: Wiley.

Krishnamurthy, T. V., & Shetty, R. (2014). 4G: Deployment strategies and operational implications.

Glass and Window Company

Article 1

Old Wood Window Repair and Restoration

Window routine maintenance is something that is highly neglected. However, wood window repair and restoration is an operation that is highly required and should be done on about every fifty years. Trying to make repairs after the window has been damaged almost completely calls for emergency repair which is a risk since more of restoration is required which is also straining financially. In most cases, the replacement companies for the windows will make products comparison of these products based on the wood window neglect history due to the failure of maintenance and repair. In these cases, they will claim that their windows do not require any form of maintained which turns to be true since they can never be maintained. Maintaining, repairing and restoring wood windows is an easier operation than most individuals would perceive it this is because the windows were created so that they can be repaired. New muntins or even rails can in most cases be inserted so that the panes can be separated for easier opening. With the remaking of all the parts that have broken the repaired windows can exist be durable for over 200 years. Ensure that professional works on your window issues.

Article 2

Picture Window Repair, Painting and Caulking

Large windows are designed to dominate rooms in order to offer a desirable view. They make the house desirable by giving it a positive character. The exposed window had extensive damage that was caused by water causing rot. The window sill did not permit the flow of water as well as moisture which resulted in the creation of a pool and the burrowing of insects. The window sash and sill was repaired by Glass and window company team where the seals were caulked and painted which appeared as new. Windows are considered to be both aesthetic and functional to add to the general appearance of the house. It is recommended by experts that the original windows and doors should be maintained the longest possible because the general replacing cost is very high and also the removal can lead to the destruction and depreciation of the property’s value. On this ground, it is essential to not only maintain them but also to offer repair and restoration to the actual appearance. Maintaining good conditions on the windows can be accomplished in a number of ways by the homeowners.  In that annual maintenance, checks should be maintained to ensure that all the given frames are still strong because the softness of the frames is an indication of rotting or an infestation by insects. The assessment should also investigate the appearance of cracks, molds and the viewable signs of tearing and wearing on all the windows which can help in designing immediate actions. Windows that are destroyed by the weather are most likely to experience destruction if they are not repaired in an appropriate manner which is most likely to cost the owners more effort, time as well as money as compared to the much that a simplified repair task would have required.

Article 3

Repairing Window Sills, Sashes, and Brick Molding

Water and weather damages that occur on wooden windows is usually a general struggle for most individuals owning homes and in most occasions, it can result in total destruction of the window if the issue is not addressed. The damages of water can have an impact on the sashes, frames, and sills of the window.  As demonstrated by the particular operation carried out by the team the issue occurs due to the presence of water close to the window sill and base that results in rotting damages.  The damage normally happens instances that the window sill has not been placed at an appropriate angle or the windows lip on the upper side tends to be less significant and does not permit dispersing of water easily which results in pooling of water and frame rot.

Such issues need to be resolved almost immediately since with the passing of time the damage is bound to become worse that leads to loss of heat through the window’s gaps and this can lead to the building up of mold and some associated health risks that will necessitate complete replacement at the end. Repairing is associated with a number of benefits when compared to replacement of the whole window particularly if the damage is centralized in a single section which means that similar results can be acquired without the high price that comes along with replacement operations. Making sure that that the brick molding and the windows particularly the outside window trim that is prone to weather damages are not being affected, all the joints are firmly sealed, treated is subjected on regular basis and they are all subjected to appropriate repair in a timely basis. This is usually an effective strategy because eventually, it results in the saving of money both for the short and extended run in reference to energy loss and replacement.

Article 4

Foggy, Broken Seal Window Repair – Glass Replacement or Defogging

Moisture that occurs amid the double pane glasses usually occurs due to natural components. In the cause of time natural components like heat, sun, rain, humidity, cold and some unnatural components like tint film that is usually applied to the interior, chemicals as well as oil can lead to the breaking of water via the insulated unit seal which is the double pane glasses leading to the formation of moisture.  The collecting of this moisture amid the glass is engaged in a number of cycles of the seeping of water amid the given units which lead to the steaming up that occurs from the heat source and thus accumulates on the inside glass unit panes. Heat source does not necessarily imply that it origins from just the sun but it is an incorporation of all sources which when it cools and condense of the glasses it finally builds an accumulation of a number of minerals or deposits of chemicals.  With time this is bound to become even worse where this deposits creates obscures and this can prevent a clear view from the glass. The cost of the replacement is almost more than a 1000 dollars which are the main reason to why most individuals exist in windows that are foggy. At Glass and Window Company you can receive the help by offering replacement and defogging services rather than being worried about having to worry about the complete replacement of the window.

Failed seals can be left to exist in that manner as the most appropriate option as compared to what one may think. This is because the failure of seals can imply that there is an impaired visual due to reduced energy value caused by fog. If the owners can be able to exist with this looks this might be essential given that the failure of this seals offers moderate value on energy. The additional option is to replace the windows completely which offers a complete fixing of the existing issues. This means that the operation will result in clear windows that are not coated with fog on the inside returning them to a new nature. However, this strategy is limited by cost particularly if the replacement involves just a few windows. In that most corporations tends to offer high charges in the replacement of just a few doors or windows. On the other hand defogging is an additional solution. Defoggers normally creates homes on the window’s IGUs, inside spray as a cleaning strategy, permit the solutions to dry completely and then engage installation in all the created holes. The holes created should not worry the owners because they are usually tiny given that they are about 2mm each. In addition, the insulated glass does not offer comprehensive air tightness. However, this does not lead to the general replacement of Krypton and Argon gasses and the initial issue that involves the failure of a seal cannot be addressed unless they were being situated at the IGU bottom. Moreover, the glass pane can also be replaced. For houses build within the last fifteen years there is a high probability that they are warranted and if not a replacement company can help in creating prices estimation. This replacement is effective as they ensure that the trim is intact. This services can be acquired from our corporation for one-third of the general prices.

When moisture gets in via the seal leading to building up our specialist team will help in removing the pane, cleaning the inside, moisture removal as well as replacement with more firm sealants that will offer protection for years. Consultation is free along with the most accurate and beneficial estimates. We are affordable, fast and profession always waiting for your call.

Article 5

Window glass replacement by Argo glass & windows

Window glass should be replaced in case the pane is cracked, due to the loss of pane transparency or because the owner of the home needs to shift to a more efficient glass kind. Most of the glasses replacements are usually conducted given that a kind of damage has occurred in a particular manner which might have been caused by a storm, strong winds, falling branches and so on. Even without being damaged homeowners may prefer replacements for energy efficiency to be achieved.

Glass replacement is associated with a number of benefits. To begin with, the replacement offers an immediate solution to the breakage of a pane and it is also a chance for upgrading due to affordability. Entire window replacement may include in general the replacement of the sash as well as the frame which tends to be a complex and lengthy procedure. In addition, a simplified replacement of the glass is usually less costly than a complete replacement which offers something better. Argon glasses increases the efficiency of energy, creates an attractive appearance, prevents warming due to solar energy and tempered window glasses helps in the prevention of future pane damages.

Replacement of the old window may necessitate professional help but with the appropriate tools, the older one needs to be removed first. The glass is them fitted in the frame to ensure that it fits well and after fitting putty layer is then applied on the frame. Any old putty can be eradicated and glass cleaned any the presence of caulk can be removed through scrapping so that the new glass can fit tightly after installation.  This may, therefore, require the removal of the frame so that the procedure can be facilitated. The fitting of all the element including the glass needs to be perfect which can be enhanced by the utilization of an appropriate size.

 Replacement cost, on the other hand, is usually affected by a number of forces. In that, the replacement a standard pane can as well be cheap as the buying of the glass pane. However, the replacement of all windows that necessitates professional assistance tends to be an expensive task. In addition, the size, as well as the type of the glasses additionally, matters because larger panes mean that the process will be higher. Customization of glasses is also expensive. In addition, it should be noted that frames that are damaged and therefore requires repair or replacement tend to increase the prices.

Our Glass and Window Company’s professional team will diligently assist you with your own windows issues. You should replace window glasses with the best quality that is very affordable and it offers more energy saving options as well as efficiency. Our team will create a new life for your windows, satisfy your needs and save you huge costs that you would need for replacement.

Article 6

Window frame repair by Argo glass & window

Window frames normally play a significant part in permitting lighting as well as air into our homes. In addition, they offer protection against some harmful outside elements and in general, they can affect the cost of energy in our homes significantly. So that the heating and lowering bills it is essential for the owners of these homes to ensure that all the window frames are completely free from gaps that permit air conditioning and heat loss to occur.  The cost of window replacement is dependent on the type and size of repair.

Window frames come in several kinds where some are more efficient energy saving as compared to several others. The first window frame is regarded as Mental and Aluminum frame which tends to be stronger and necessitates low or zero maintenance. However, they conduct rapid heat resulting to poor insulation. Composite frames, on the other hand, are created using wood particles they offer similar stability to wood but are more effective in resisting rot and moisture. Wood frames expand in relation to the weather while vinyl frames are meant to offer stability against sunlight that is bound to damage materials. Fiberglass is most effective given that they are highly stable and offer more improved insulation as compared to those created using vinyl and wood.

Frames that are broken can be repaired with patching that engages similar materials that the frame holds. However, in most cases, the woods are spoilt above a repair point thus necessitating removal and replacement.  On the other hand with a sash that is broken interlocking is usually effective as it assists generally in increasing drafts and leaks chances. The glazing of the sashes and be effective in creating resistance against water penetration into a home that might cause mold and rot. Mail fins can be categorized as the strips that are utilized in attaching window frames to the opening stud. In most occasions, the fins can corrode thus necessitating replacement. This may require a replacement or repair. Lastly, with leaking windows with time frames, screws are bound to engage in corrosion thus necessitating replacement. In addition, rotting can additionally ruin the entire frames thus necessitating replacement. The sensors of these alarms can in most cases be placed on the frames in most instances the sensors will most likely damage the particular frames. The fixing of such issues will typically involve the removal of sensory alarms so that the damaged parts can be repaired.

Repairing issues when they are noticed helps in saving cost and avoiding replacement. The common repairs include broken sash meshing, patching of the broken frame, nail fin leaking and windows leaking. In instances that the frames have been damaged severely due to rotting and water, it is the period that needs the help of specialist so that a replacement can be done.  Most of the homeowners opt to make replacement of their old wood conventional frames using solution that requires low maintenance like vinyl and metal frames. On the other hand, some opt for window frames replacement with frames that are characterized by low costs of energy thus making their homes more economic friendly as they are not forced to spend more.

Our specialized team will be there to help you gladly with all your home window issues ranging from rotten window frames, replacement of glass reglazing, mechanical repair and defogging. Our company will ensure that your windows are offered a new life and save you a significant amount of the replacement cost.

Article 7

Home window repair by Argo glass & windows

Main Cost Forces

Windows are normally designed so that they can enhance the stability of all the walls while permitting the casing installation using sashes, sill, glazing as well as all the additional parts that facilitate the window inadequate functioning. Windows are in a real sense the real wall openings. Since the actual windows are in particular created as part of the wall structure any operation that engages the removal more than casing removal is the duty of a professional.

Window Type

The kind of window to be replaced or even repaired is an additional determining cost force.  In that, the general construction of the complete window can determine the easiness or the complexity of repair in general. To begin with, Single Hung can be described as a window that is structured vertically and it has two different sashes. This one creates average repairing cost. The double hung type has double sashes similar to single hang. Bay windows are usually extensions that are generated at angles and creates additional space as well as lighting to specified rooms. This is usually the case since they are usually exposed to three different elements which as rotted wood, drafts tends to be the usual repairs to the kind of windows. The windows appear in rather larger sizes which make them expensive to repair. Bow windows, on the other hand, are close to bay ones but these windows are usually curved and can accommodate panes up to eight. Skylights are the windows that are placed on the house roof they offer to light to the rooms and are more advantaged than the normal ones. In most cases they are usually repaired from worn seals leaks. Glass blocks provides adequate lighting as well as privacy in addition to providing fantastic insulation most often established in bathrooms and basements. These ones require repair in rare cases but can deteriorate due to the mortar that holds them. Garden windows are created in holding house plants. Several other types include storm, casement, transom, jalousie, sliding, picture, hopper and arched windows.

Window Repairs

Despite the fact that all the windows are usually different they have a number of common repairs.  One of the most common repairs is regarded as rotted wood which occurs due to the continuous exposure to the different components which creates risks of rotting. However, the repair is usually easy since the rotted piece is usually removed and filled with putty wood and sealing or replacing the piece with another. If the rotted wood has been affected by some insects like termites it is usually good to correct the situation using an exterminator otherwise the insects might increase. On the other hand, DIY repair is usually done through the application of putty wood that is designed to be used externally.  All the small cracks are filled easily and sanded which ends with painting so that the repair can match with the exterior cover. However, the larger parts can be replaced completely but this requires basic work dealing skills.

Broken pane is an additional common repair.  The replacement of smaller panes tends to be easy averagely as it involves the removal of just a single frame part the removal of the damaged putty and glass and replacing it. On the other hand, broken seals can be replaced professionally when the seals can no longer operate and lead to blow windows. I humid climates woods are bound to experience sticking that is caused by expansion. In addition, paint can also lead to the sticking but can be fixed with ease through the removal of excess paints or cleaning of this tracks in general.

Our specialist team will diligently assist you in all of your home window issues ranging from rotten wood repairs, the replacement of glass, mechanical repair, reglazing and defogging. We shall ensure that with give your windows a new life and save you a significant amount of the replacement cost.

The Need for Wood Maintenance

The leading cause of early wood frame failure is due to inadequate or lack of maintenance. In every two or so years the exterior part of where the meeting point of both the glass and the wood needs to a painting of the frames and caulking. This is because the failure leads to the seal failure because when the rain drops on the glass and flows the wood the seal that is located at the bottom is exposed to rotting. This failure leads to the development of fog, haze and mineral deposits on the window. In addition, any particular component that subjects heat to the window lowers its life span. Rather than using interior drapes, the windows can best be protected from the effects of heat through the use of external sunshades.

Article 7

From Agro Glass to IGU Units

Glass insulation units are usually comprised of a number of panes that are held and sealed in a structural manner in their respective IGU which in typical nature consist of a number of glass panes that are usually sealed in the glass edge location.  The primary function of edge seals is to separate panes in distances that are equal while still offering a limit to preventing water vapor infiltration of air amid the panes. IGU is usually exposed to a number of loads that are generated by addressing the wind, temperature changes as well as barometric pressure. These loads result in unit deformation the sealant is usually stretched, flattened and then sheared.

Low-quality IGUs are usually associated with a number of common issues. Reflective, clear, laminated and tempered glasses can be generated as IGU but regardless of the chosen glass, it should be of high quality. While most of the companies buy cheaper glasses that are produced in China so that they can maximize their gains our company ensures that it outsource its goods from the manufacturer who is involved in the provision of more quality glass that is produced by in USA and Canada. Our corporation does not also utilize 1/16 window glass on the grounds that it does not contain energy efficient features and is very fragile.

The primary role of the space bar is holding the panes at a distance that is adequate and fixed from one another, therefore, establishing the inter-pane space size.  Most of the companies normally utilize cheap or low-quality spacers that get destroyed because of changes in temperature ranging from increased temperature in the summer period to the low temperature during the winter time thus the main functions are lost. In this structure, the IGU is exposed to damages since the seal is broken thus increasing moisture issues.

Our company utilizes the best materials that are durable and of high quality and has been successful continuously inconsistent manufacturing procedures of composite thus providing longer life to your home windows.

The seal and that is utilized the edge seal bonds the glass structurally by bonding the spacer bar and the panes in a connected mode while still offering high moisture vapor level as well as gas diffusion confrontation. Sealants can be vital forces for an extended period. The function of sealant is to enhance the structural bond that exists amid two or additional glass lite, providing spacer Union and prevent the existence of moisture amid the glass lite. Our corporation utilizes special silicone rather than rubber seals. This is a fresh technology that involves the fabrication of seal failure with lower risks. The capability of the respective sealants in accommodating the deformations under the additional humidity exposure, UV radiation, as well as the heat, is effective in determining the service span of all the IGU. The early failing of IGUs is normally the result of manufacturing errors or the generation of poor sealant quality. Quality insulation fabrication of the glass units is usually dependent upon an existence of appropriate materials. The option of appropriate materials, as well as equipment, will possess increased bearing on the unit’s quality.

The reputation of our company depends highly on the provision of high-quality IGUs to our consumers and this can only be achieved by beginning operations with the most appropriate materials. 

Introduction

It is in the 21st century that the business community is facing the stiffest competition in spite of the transformative advent of technology. Even though globalization has created many opportunities that allow companies to expand to other regions, it has presented the challenge of stiff competition since firms are no longer barred from seeking to operate from other countries. To withstand the unique challenge, companies have to keep checking their external and internal environment, assess their strategies, and other impactful factors. In light of this atmosphere, it is imperative to assess the internal and external environment of JPMorgan Chase while offering relevant recommendationsn ways to address the changing situation.

 Impact Mission, Vision, And Primary Stakeholders On Its Overall Success

The success trend that has been witnessed at JP Morgan Chase bank over the years is attributable to the company’s mission, vision, and primary stakeholders, specifically the employees and customers. According to Kotter (2012), a company’s mission and vision usually set a specific culture which is subsequently embraced by employees. If such a culture is strong, it not only improves the business performance but also motivates the workers while making them loyal. Consequently, the workers serve customers satisfactorily, thus elevating the brand image of a company. Interestingly, the above claims have been manifested in the case of JP Morgan Chase bank. The company’s vision statement is "At JPMorgan Chase, we want to be the best financial services company in the world. Because of our great heritage and excellent platform, we believe this is within our reach" and it its mission statement is “to be the best financial services company in the world”.

(JP Morgan, 2013). To achieve such a high standard and to help the business grow tremendously, the company has motivated employees to work excellently.

In fact, the company’s ecent growth and success trends would not be possible without its strong mission, vision, and primary stakeholders, especially the employees and customers. For instance, the company was ranked first among the companies that embraced diversity in the US (Pramuk, 2016). Additionally, JP Morgan (JPM bank) has been reporting an exponential increase of profitability and revenue as evidenced by the 2016 annual report that showed the company’s net revenue increased from $93 million in 2015 to $95, 668 in 2016; the loan book grew to $894, 765 from $837 million in 2015 and more customers continued to deposit at the bank (“Annual Report”, 2016). In essence, the overall success at JPM bank is due to a motivating vision and mission which ignite the passion for customer care among the employees whose prowess and commitment usually culminate in customer satisfaction and loyalty.

Five forces of competition

Notwithstanding the tremendous success and incredible resilience the JPM bank has demonstrated in years, it faces the inevitable five forces of competition.

Supplier power

The industry in which JPM bank operates is shaped by the low supplier power in almost every area. The corporation ensures costs and efficiencies in the process of supply.  Low supplier power increases profit  and this is achieved through   educating buyers  on the product,  ensuring availability of  substitutes and  creating  low forward  integration. The management creates a strong supply chain which makes the company to survive and strive in the competitive markets. The flow of services is done by implementing a systems approach which provides the framework on business requirements. The company ensures effective internal operation and quality customer services.

Buyer’s power

Nonetheless, it is different with buyer power as there many options from which customers can choose. Additionally, the buyers’ power often manifests when they decide not to borrow loans or deposit at the JPM bank. Also, buyers can negotiate the interests for their deposit without much resistance from the bank. Furthermore, the switching costs for most buyers are so low that they can opt for other competitors without any hurdle. Consequently, the bank’s profit margins drop as evidenced in 2015 when the bank decided to increase the deposit rate to the clients whom it deemed as influential and whom it feared could opt for competitors (Krouse, Trichur, and Ensign, 2015). Due to competition, JPM bank’s buyers have immense power.

Threat of Rivalry

Besides, the buyer power threat, JPM Bank faces the threat of stiff competition from major banks include the HSBC, Barclays, Bank of America (BAC), and CitiGroup. Due to their infrastructure, customer loyalty, and brand image, the four banks usually limit the dominance of JPM bank not just in the US but also elsewhere. For instance, as of 2015, JPM bank’s market share was 13.34% compared to 10.12% for BAC and 9.86% and 8.72% for Wells Fargo and Citibank respectively (Cox, 2015).  In essence, the threat of rivalry makes it somewhat hard for JPM bank to achieve either oligopoly or monopoly.

Threat of substitution

While the banking industry was thought to be immune from substitutes, the advancement of technology has proved otherwise. JPM bank faces substitute services such as Paypal, Apple Pay, peer-to-peer lenders advanced by companies such as Lending.com and Prosper.com, and the availability of prepaid debit cards by different companies. A case in point entails Paypal which apparently has more clients than 20 US banks, yet it is not a bank itself (King, 2012). As a result of these substitutes, JPM bank has lost the opportunity to expand its operations especially the online customers.  Even though the threat of substitute in banking industry has increased but JPM  has  found a  unique position  by creating  small business spending and digital wallet services.

 Threat of new entrants

The threat of new entrant has not affected the corporation since new entrants are obstructed by the high capital, financial services and government regulations. To operate on the same level as JPM bank, a substantial amount of financial capital, years of brand image, and loyal clientele are needed.  Due to these cumbersome entry requirements, JPM bank enjoys a sense of dominance and this success is evidenced by the rising number of customers. Between 2014 and 2016, JPM bank reported the highest number of customers in the industry, and the trend may continue with the introduction of other services (“Annual Report,” 2016). In short, the tedious entry process works to the advantage of the bank.

SWOT analysis for JP Morgan bank

While there may be other SWOT related factors, the oners mentioned in the table are the most crucial. For instance, strong brand image, loyal employees, innovation, and reliable distribution network form the backbone of JPM bank. Similarly, the opportunity for online customers is due to the advancement of the internet; the credit market is also expanding due to globalization while diversification is inevitable as competition rises. Then, cyber security issues, mergers, and substitutes are the most impactful threats at the moment. Also, over-dependence of the US market and the instability of the mortgage markets affect JPM bank’s progress.

Strategy to address the SWOT analysis

In light of the SWOT analysis highlighted above, it is imperative for the JPM bank to craft a strategy that will address its weaknesses, mitigate the threats, utilize its strength, and seize the current opportunities.  Such a strategy ought to target every area of operation to ensure that unnecessary inefficiencies are eliminated. Specifically, JPM’s strategy ought to target the following areas: innovation, customer satisfaction, smaller banks, and IT security. In the innovation, JPM bank should increase its spending on the Research and Development (R&D) department. Additionally, the company should link innovationnew packages for online clients to mitigate the threat of PayPal and Apple as well as other new entrants. Then, the company needs to hire the best IT specialist to address the threat of cyber security since such an occurrence would sabotage and jeopardize the objectives of the company.  In essence, this strategy is meant to tacitly address the threats and weaknesses while capitalizing on opportunities and strengths of JPM bank

Various levels and types of strategies

While the current environment does not appear to be friendly to JPM bank, the company could still maximize competitiveness and profitability through the application of various levels and types of strategies. The first strategy which JPM bank has to utilize is the functional approach which considers the human resource, R&D, and marketing for its corporate objectives. Specifically, JPM bank needs to ensure that the R&D department is focused on the external and internal factors that may inhibit the company’s goals. Additionally, it is imperative for the department to create products that target other markets such as the online customers after which vigorous marketing is essential.

Business level strategy

Furthermore, JPM bank needs to improve on its business level strategyo ensure that other competitors do not capitalize on its weaknesses. Typically, the business strategy focuses on three crucial areas: setting specific goals for performance; monitoring the competitors’ actions; evaluating the actions and decisions necessary for the attainment and maintenance of competitive advantage (Kotter, 2012). In this case, JPM bank needs to recognize companies such as PayPal and Apple as serious competitors whose actions deserve close monitoring and precise response. In conjunction with this approach, JPM bank needs to ensure that its operational level strategy is effective. Specifically, the bank has to use its resources such as experienced workers, financial muscles, and reliable distribution network to achieve its objectives. The company should use business-level strategy in creating the business goals, competitive advantage, minimizing cost and controlling expenses.   Under business-level strategy, the company should focus on;

Cost leadership

 The company should   implement unique set of actions which are related with the production of quality goods and services with low prices. To be a cost leader, the business should focus on minimizing cost, create production control and ensure efficient facilities.  Cost leadership will maintain profitability by developing substitutes, creating barriers for   new entrants and avoiding the price war (Kotter, 2012).

 Differentiation

The company should apply the differentiation strategy and ensure unique features, customer’s services and more. The Company should show commitment and high performance in order to maintain the competitive edge (Kotter, 2012). To ensure differentiation, the company should adapt to the changes, implement new technologies and   implement core competencies in the production of quality products.

Corporate-level strategy

The company should apply corporate-level strategy and in this case, it should focus on uniting   business units.  For example, the company may focus on portfolio management and conduct diversification and acquisitions. The main purpose of corporate-level strategies is to expand the business in global level and become globally efficient. In addition, corporate-level strategy will assist the company in creating standardized products and develop innovations internationally. The company should   think on how to accomplish the long-term goals.  In this case, it is important for the company to focus on knowledge of competitors, company structure and business segmentation (Kotter, 2012). Under corporate-level strategy, the company focuses on the following;

 Market expansion and penetration

The rising number of players in the industry implies that competition is inevitable, meaning that profit margins may decline. To prevent this occurrence, JPM bank ought to expand to other regions such as Asia. According to Kinkyo, Matsubayashi, and Hamori (2013), Asia offers a lucrative opportunity for the players in the banking industry due to the infrastructure needed in the continent as in the case of Japan. The same opportunity has been reported in Africa, where foreign participation has increased exponentially in the recent years (Gekonge, 2014). Such opportunities would result in improved competitiveness and maximized profitability by JPM bank while easing the burden of over-relying on the US market. It is important for the company to expand internationally and compete internationally in order to enjoy high profitability.   The latter will be achieved through gaining new opportunities and understanding the global customers.

Acquisitions and diversification

 The company should focus on investing in different areas in order to minimize the risk and achieve financial goals.  This is an effective way of avoiding downturns   and survive lengthy decline. The company will also build stability and avoid company risks. 

Also, JPM bank has to consider acquiring other companies that pose a serious threat to its operations. One target that JPM bank should target as part of its acquisition is Paypal due to the high number of customers the company commands coupled with the magnitude of a threat it poses. Currently, PayPal acts as a platform of substitutes, thus weakening the competitiveness and profitability of JPM bank. Besides PayPal, JPM bank needs to target other companies since acquisitions have been found to neutralize competition while boosting the chance of oligopoly (Geiger, 2010). All the above strategies would ensure that the weaknesses and threats identified earlier are addressed effectively, thus improving the competitiveness of JPM bank while assuring it of increased profitability.

Communication plan

To effectively communicate to its various stakeholders, JPM bank requires a communication plan. In communicating with different stakeholders, JPM bank ought to change some methods of communication. For instance, the company ought to use memos when communicating with its workers on issues to do with the strategies mentioned above. A case in point includes acquisitions, diversification, or expansion, where the company should not use the internet due to the hacking issues, which may affect the process; currently the company utilizes the emails and internet for most of its communications.  Such a communication ought to come from the top management to avoid any misunderstandings.

Conversely, communication with the government needs a different approach; official letters would suffice. Typically, companies have to notify government agencies when a decision on mergers and acquisitions is made. Again, using the internet is not recommendable, but letters would ensure the information reaches the intended department without an intrusion on privacy. The person responsible for the task depends on the responsibilities assigned, but the top management is typically mandated with the duty.

Contrastingly, all communications pertaining to customers ought to happen through the mainstream media since such as method would give the company the much-needed publicity. It is improper for the employees to learn about the company’s plans through the media but that is the only appropriate medium for the customers. In essence, JPM bank needs to utilize official letter as the medium for communication with some stakeholders, specifically the government, but use internal mechanisms such as memo when communicating to employees and the media to the customers.

Corporate governance mechanisms

Since the banking industry is prone to unethical practices such as insider trading, the JPM bank has strived to employ different corporate governance mechanisms to control the managerial actions. Currently, JPM bank utilizes the collaborative and multi-stakeholder (MSM) governance mechanisms in controlling the managerial actions. Typically, the collaborative governance mechanism entails constant communication between an entity and the government as well as the community it serves while the MSM gathers the relevant stakeholders to ensure dialogue and decision-making work to address any issue affecting the industry.  The MSM is perfectly employed at JPM bank as evidenced by the annual assessment of all the managers by the Board including the quality of information flow in the company. The MSM mechanism has, for instance, enabled the company’s board to access the management at any time and report anything that may appear to contradict the company values (“Corporate Governance Principles,” 2016).  As a result, managers have to adhere to the stipulated ethical standards and rules both by the government and the company.

Similarly, the collaborative mechanism is applied at JPM bank as seen in the collaboration with the relevant stakeholders including the government, community, and employees to safeguard the privacy and confidentiality of all the customers and other personnel. Additionally, the Board reviews the Chairman’s and CEO’s performance each year while working with the employees in crucial decision-making initiatives (“Corporate Governance Principles,” 2016).  Such mechanisms, if maintained, could have significantly positive impact on the company since corporate governance mechanisms usually help firms to achieve the much-needed value-addition (Nikoskelainen & Wright, 2007). As a result of embracing these mechanisms, JPM bank has managed to overcome many hurdles in an industry that is often prone to financial scandals.

 Effectiveness of leadership

For a long time, the leadership at JPM bank has been effective as evidenced by the success trends witnessed in years. According to Humphrey (2014), effective leadership is characterized by strong personality traits, emotional intelligence, high skills, and unmatched competencies. These qualities have been manifested at JPM bank in years as seen in the quality of the employees it hires, the level of motivation among the workers, and the loyalty of its customers. Subsequently, the company has remained at the top of others in the industry for a long time.

However, it is imperative for the leadership at JPM Bank to focus on the major factors that help in the business sustainability. While the company has been resilient amidst stiff competition, the level of innovation, coupled with the emerging trends among buyers, requires a different approach from the one JPM bank has maintained in the past. Specifically, the firm needs to have a leader with unmatched skills and focus on sustainability to address the new challenges in this era. Metcalf and Benn (2013) asserted that a sustainability-oriented leader demonstrates unique abilities to predict complexities and engaging workers to adapt and have “the emotional intelligence to adaptively engage with their emotions associated with complex problem solving” (p.369). Unless such a leader is installed at JPM bank, the competition and ever-changing consumer trends may have a negative impact on the company.

Ethical corporate citizen and its impact

Considering the sensitivity of the financial industry, JPM bank has strived to uphold the ethical values of the industry. For instance, the company has a strict code of ethics tackling almost all areas of operation. The financial officers and other employees are expected to always maintain ethical conduct while complying with all the legal requirements “even when it not the easy thing” (“Code of Conduct,” 2017, para.1). The company proved its commitment to this code by dismissing some employees in both the US and UK who had cheated about the accountancy results (De Graaf, 2015). Consequently, such actions help the company’s bottom-line by portraying it as an organization with a high level of integrity.

Nonetheless, the company does not fully embrace these values, particularly when it is operating in other regions, and this trend may have an adverse impact on its bottom-line. A case in point entails the scandal that was exposed in 2016, where the company tacitly hired employees who parents had political influence in China as a way of winning business opportunities; in the aftermath of the revelations, the company opted for a $264 million settlement (Protess & Stevenson, 2016). Subsequently, the company suffered not only financial implications but also reputational crises, meaning its bottom-line was inevitably and severely affected.

Conclusion

In summary, JPM bank has remained successful in years, but that success and dominance will be affected by innovation, competition, and substitutes unless specific strategies and measures are implemented promptly and effectively. In leadership, the company needs a sustainable-oriented leader with the ability to predict complexities and prepare for the same accordingly by motivating employees to act proactively. Secondly, the company has to be fully committed to the ethical governance code to avoid a repeat of the scandal exposed in China. Lastly, JPM bank ought to employ diversification, acquisitions, and market development to counter the rising competition. Once these recommendations are implemented, JPM bank may remain dominant for another century.

References

Cox, J. (2015, April 15). 5 biggest banks now own almost half the industry. Retrieved from http://www.cnbc.com/2015/04/15/5-biggest-banks-now-own-almost-half-the-industry.html

De Graaf, M. (2015, October 23). Goldman Sachs and JPMorgan grads fired for CHEATING on basic math test | Daily Mail. Retrieved from http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-3285807/Dozens-junior-bankers-Goldman-Sachs-JPMorgan-laid-CHEATING-basic-math-test.html

Geiger, F. (2010). Horizontal acquisitions, merger rents, and non-price competition – a case study from the machinery industry. Mergers & Acquisitions in the Machinery Industry, 11(2), 81-111.

Gekonge, C. O. (2014). Emerging business opportunities in Africa: Market entry, competitive strategy, and the promotion of foreign direct investments (p. 138). New York: IGI Global.

Humphrey, R. H. (2014). Effective leadership: Theory, cases, and applications (pp. 31,117). Los Angeles: Sage.

JPMorgan Chase & Co. (2016). Corporate Governance Principles. Retrieved from https://www.jpmorganchase.com/corporate/About-JPMC/ab-corporate-governance-principles.htm

JPMorgan Chase & Co. (2016, December). Annual Report and Proxy. Retrieved from https://www.jpmorganchase.com/corporate/investor-relations/annual-report-proxy.htm

King, B. (2012). Branch today, gone tomorrow: The case for the death of branch banking. Singapore: Marshall Cavendish.

Kinkyo, T., Matsubayashi, Y., & Hamori, S. (2014). Financial Globalization and Regionalism in East Asia (1st ed., p. 121). London: Routledge.

Kotter, J. P. (2012). Corporate culture and performance. Boston, MA: Harvard Business Press.

Krouse, S., Trichur, R., & Ensign, R. (2015, December 28). J.P. Morgan to Increase Deposit Rates for Some Big Clients in January. WSJ [NY]. Retrieved from https://www.wsj.com/articles/j-p-morgan-to-increase-deposit-rates-for-some-big-clients-in-january-1451330440

Metcalf, L., & Benn, S. (2013). Leadership for Sustainability: An Evolution of Leadership Ability. Journal of Business Ethics, 112(3), 369-384.

Nikoskelainen, E., & Wright, M. (2007). The impact of corporate governance mechanisms on value increase in leveraged buyouts. Journal of Corporate Finance, 13(4), 511-537.

Pramuk, J. (2016, April 26). JPMorgan Chase named top US company for diversity. Retrieved from http://www.cnbc.com/2016/04/25/jpmorgan-chase-named-top-us-company-for-diversity.html

Leadership and Management

Task 1

The development of an operational plan necessitates a number of elements and steps that help in the establishment of what is needed by the team, the goals to achieve, the resources and the procedures that are required and how the acquired performance can be measured and monitored. In other words, it is utilized in outlining the strategic operations of a company’s daily operations over the following’s year course (Daft, 2011). This is usually intended as defining the manner in which physical and human resources are to be allocated so that the short-run goals can be achieved since they support the large strategic aims. The success of the operational plan must, therefore, begin with the development of a strategic plan. This strategic operation helps in the establishment of the company’s weaknesses, abilities, potential growth, vulnerability areas and the specific position within the market. This works in ensuring that the set goals have been achieved without failure. In addition, the primary and measurable aims should be created in a close relation. In that, the objectives that fail to offer support to the company’s strategy should be avoided. The goals should be those that can be measured to understand whether the corporation is making any development. In addition, these goals should be set within limited and accountable timelines. In that specifications should be made on who should accomplish the objectives in a stipulated period. Financial assessment is of importance in understanding the expected financial performance impact (Daft, 2011). Effective actions to any of the established barriers should also be identified with the company of regular progress assessment.

An operational plan contributes highly towards the business strategic plan. In that the strategic plan mainly involves setting different directions for the company, inventing goals and purposes and the establishment of strategies range that are to be pursued in order for the organization to achieve its strategic goals (Griffin, 2012). On the other hand, the strategic plan can be described as a management guide based on goals and urgencies of the stakeholders. In this case, a guide in reference to how the daily operations should be accomplished is not provided which is accomplished by the operation plan. The operational plan, therefore, facilitates the achievement of strategic plan goals because it is purposed at providing the organization personnel with a clearer picture of responsibilities and tasks that are connected with the strategic plan’s goals. In short, it is the general plan in regard to strategies implementation which is held in the firm’s strategic plan (Griffin, 2012). The management is responsible for the operational plan components in ensuring that everything has been accounted.

The leading managers are highly involved in tasks planning, offering support to employee’s teams as well as providing the needed reports for the progress. Teams and stakeholders are engaged in fruition via the development of corporate plans that normally outlines the strategies and directions that should be utilized in achieving set goals. Based on the plans every section, team or departments then set their specified goals as well as creating plans in the identification of how the company’s goals can be achieved. This is achieved through the identification of suitable personnel’s, time lime identification, budget allocation, setting goals as well as developing action strategies to counter all the arising issues during the progress.

Task 2

Operational planning is usually guided by the company’s strategic plan and therefore managers are expected to outline clear strategic plans for the effectiveness of all the operations. In achieving the set goals all the daily operations should be defined where supervisors, team leaders, and managers are involved. Team leaders and supervisors play the role of assessing manpower needs by establishing the players required and the skills that each should own (Kurtz & Boone, 2011). In addition, they are also involved in scheduling and communication so that the operations can be smooth. After addressing human resources needed a schedule is set on the grounds of achievement needs as timing is an essential thing in avoiding delays. Delays affect the company’s ability because much time can be required in catching up. Communication is the most prominent role played by team leaders and supervisors during all the operations plans. In that, the members need to understand the required actions, processes and the goals to be achieved for efficiency to be acquired. Communication, therefore, refers to offering clear instructions, duties, expectations as well as feedback. Their last role is termed as an oversight (Griffin, 2012). The best leaders are those that understands the position of their projects and work to ensure that tasks and deadlines are met.

In the successful implementation of an operational plan, several skills should be possessed by the team members, supervisors, team leaders and managers. One of the most significant skills required is communication. In that, the goals, strategies, operations, and procedures should be communicated to the involved persons clearly to avoid any confusion and to create free flow (Kurtz & Boone, 2011). The leaders should be realistic and efficient by setting achievable and time limited goals so that quality can be achieved. This means that they should not only focus on attempting to increase production because the quality is of great significance. In addition, they should be able to relate well with those involved because the corporation is highly significant because the operations require the effort of everyone thus proper relations are necessary. The team works by setting specific goals that are to be achieved in the shortest period (Kurtz & Boone, 2011). This involves choosing the right number with the required skills in accomplishing the specified tasks. The supervisor is involved in the monitoring, management, and evaluation of performance so that all the arising issues can be identified and solved adequately.

References

Daft, R. L. (2011). Understanding management. Mason, OH: South-Western Cengage Learning.

Griffin, R. W. (2012). Fundamentals of management. Mason, OH: South-Western Cengage Learning.

Kurtz, D. L., & Boone, L. E. (2011). Contemporary business. Hoboken, N.J: Wiley.

Job offer or further education

There are variations between the need to take available job opportunities or to continue with further education in a job market where the number of employees with undergraduate degrees and master degrees is rising. A problem arises while trying to choose a job opportunity or further studies.  Problem solving requires a person to follow through decision making process where nothing will be overlooked (GDRC, n.d).

Defining the problem

In the current job market, it can be quite disheartening to be [passed over for a specific promotion despite deep conviction that a one had firm grip for a position. So there is a need for me to access promotions in my profession and avoid any lack of motivation in my field that I have worked for 1 year.  Just because one has been flawless in the current position does not mean he poor she is the right candidate to be promoted. I may have the broad array of skills that are highly developed but if the position I am aiming at demand a specific qualification, I do not realistically expect to have the promotion. In this regard, the key to being ahead of others lies in acquiring the right qualifications for the intended post and hence, there is a need to explore training opportunities that will ensure that I fit in. this forms the basis for acquiring a Bachelors degree whose aim is to help in expansion of my knowledge base and improve my versatility. Further education is needed as one of the factors that will enhance growth in my career since it will help in improving my skills and open more chances for promotions in my organization.

On the other hand, lucrative job opportunities with better payments and terms of employment are hard to come by and once an opportunity is lost, it may take long to find another one. Therefore, choosing to take up the position in the competing company with better salary, a car allowance and even relocation expenses will mean that I have to forego earning the degree. This needs clear and strategic decision making that is based on possible outcomes a head. In addition, taking up this position means that I have to dealing with other supervisors who have Master’s degree qualification, and this may present a problem especially when working a team. In addition, the education cost has been rising which makes me think twice about pursuing further education, which means that I need money for covering the tuition, books, rent and even food.  If I choose to go for further studies, the additional qualification should assist me in finding a good job that equals or surpass the offered supervisory position in the competing form.  So when deciding the various financial needs that I have it is easier to decide taking up the position.

Problem analysis

Attaining the Bachelors degree is important since qualifications reveals more about someone that just their academic strength.  The benefits of attaining a degree can affect the entire sphere of life including intellectual, ethical, personal and social aspects and so much more. Choosing to earn a degree will enable me to meet future qualification requirements in my profession given that the current position being offered may not be permanent. In most cases, recruiters place job advertisements that highlight degree as a requirement for any job and the job market decision is made on such a point. A major problem is that other people who are more qualified may be given promotion at my current firm and I be left out due to lack of a bachelor’s degree. In addition, with increased automation of roles in organizations, more jobs require working with one’s brain while fewer may require manual skills.  A degree is at times considered a basic working life while follow experience.

However, deciding to take the position means acquiring more experience which is needed in any profession for a successful a career. Taking up the opportunity means that I will have to pay the tuition fee from the higher salary that I will be earning. Given that supervisors at the new position have attained Master’s degree, I will have to acquire the same qualifications so as to remain competitive for future promotions in managerial roles. It is also possible for working experience to be considered a priority in future as more people are acquiring bachelor’s degrees with no real work experience.  For going this opportunity and pursuing education does guarantee promotion in my current firm, and when offered, it may take too long.

General options

There are various two available in solving this scenario; remaining in the present workplace and continue learning using the refundable tuition fee, taking up the new position and learning overtime given the salary increment. These options represent the different courses of action that I have to take to make a decision.

Analyzing the solutions

Choosing to remain in current position will provide an opportunity to use the refundable tuition fees in acquiring the Bachelor’s degree. The current position does not have forthcoming promotion opportunities that can justify the additional qualification, meaning that I have to wait for new opportunities to emerge. Even though this option may take little time to implement, there are foreseeable great opportunities in form of career growth since few people are considering furthering their education. However, taking up the new position means higher salary and allowances which will add to my income basket. Having more people around with degrees will be a motivating a factor for me to learn all the way to a Master’s level. However, the opportunity does not provide tuition fee for acquiring further education while being promoted will be difficult due to many supervisors with Master’s degrees.

Decision making

After looking into the various factors for the two possible solutions, the best option is to accept the new supervisory position since having such an opportunity is not easy in the current market. The new opportunity will increase my managerial experience and skills. Working alongside people who are more qualified will act as a motivator to continue leaning and reach the Master’s degree level. The higher salary will enable me cover the required education cost. Remaining in the present position may not provide such an opportunity or may take a long period for a promotion position to be available.

Implementation and reflection

 The adoption of the chosen option will involve few months to settle after relocation and while getting acclimatized with the new position and roles. At the same time I will look into the best institution to enroll in, and then apply for a part-time degree program and start learning immediately.

Reference

GDRC, (n.d).The Problem Solving Process. Retrieved from: http://www.gdrc.org/decision/problem-solve.html

Accounting & finance for managers (apple)

Section I

Apple is an American public and multinational firm that was incorporated in 1977 and is among the most recognizable consumer electronic products in the world (Khan, Alam & Alam, 2015). The company’s operations involves designing , manufacturing and marketing an array of  products including mobile phones, personal computers, music players and even media service.  It was named the most valuable firm globally in 2011. The firm’s icon brand iPhone was launched in 2007, a device that involves a combination of mobile phone, touch control and internet connectivity.  The company also sells various related services, accessories, software, accessories and third-party digital applications and  content. The firm has its presence across the world and its segments comprises of America, Japan, Europe, China and other Asia Pacific regions (Apple Inc., 2016). The products portfolio for Apple include iPhone, Apple Watch,  iPad , Mac , Apple TV , various software applications including OS X , iOS , iCloud  and   some services and accessories(Apple Inc., 2016). The company’s business model, therefore, involves writing and designing proprietary software while offering its own operating systems that are compatible with all its devices.  Over the recent years, the company has also included information service and entertainment as part of its business operations through online streaming of video, retailing of music and software solutions like smartphone applications (Apple Inc., 2016).

As the largest American technology firm with global presence, Apple operates in mixed economic environments of different countries and markets.  The conditions of the local and world markets are major factors that affects the business operations of the firm considering its international presence .These markets have differing economic conditions in terms of recession, inflation and health of various currencies .Factors such as recession really influence the performance of the company as observed during America recession of 2008-2009 when the industry was affect by the prevailing hardships in the economy (Khan et. al 2015). During inflation, the purchasing power of customers in the U.S and global markets decreases which means that its sales are bound to decline. In moments when the U.S dollar has lost its value, the firm has been forced to take various measures in order to reduce the impact of inflation such as purchasing foreign currency. This way, their revenue in from the international market will be more. Its international presence means that it’s exposed to different situations in the market such as increased cost of labor, low middle-class incomes that remain stagnant in emerging markets and developed markets (Khan et. al 2015). Increased labor cost in major markets like China can jeopardize cost advantage of its products while stagnation of incomes may results to shrinking of potential market for its higher end consumer products.  

In addition, when the U.S dollar value increases, the exchange rate increases and this make Apple’s products to be expensive or doing business becomes expensive in the major markets such as China and Europe and other emerging economies. The presence of Apple in the International market means that it feels the heat of any financial risks that may be present across the world. The company was affected considerably by the global recession in terms sales and overall growth (Khan et. al 2015). When the growth of economy is slow, like in 2012-2013, it affects the consumer electronic industry and reduction in sales is felt across board. Issues such as unemployment and fiscal problems have the potential to influence the performance of the firm. The firm operates in the consumer electronics industry, and the firm has been growing as an emerging power with adequate promise to remain at the top.  This industry has a high level of competition among the major firms whose products compete directly with products offered by Apple Inc. This competition in the market is majorly driven by continuous technological innovations and advancement. The firm competes directly with Samsung, Google, Inc., and Amazon, Inc which are among the major competitors. Hence, the competitive force in this sector is very high, especially due to switching cost that is quite low.

  A consumer wishing to switch from Apple’s products such as iPad to Kindle offered by Amazon does not need significant investment. The company is exposed to such market competition risks and which it deals with primarily by continually unique and new products so as to strengthen its market share.   Moreover, the threat presented by entrants onto this market and which can adversely affect its market share is quite low. (Khan et. al 2015) This is fundamentally because of extremely high cost associated with establishment of a new firm and the high cost of introducing a brand name. For a new entrant into this market of smartphones and personal computing, they need to have large amount of capital which have to spend on innovation and in manufacturing of the product portfolio before selling such products to the market and generating income. The market also has a weak bargaining power among the suppliers since there are a huge number of them for the company’s supply (Khan et. al 2015). Moreover, the firm switching cost from one supplier to another is quite low and does not present a considerable obstacle.

Section II

Financial analysis

Apple trade at NADAQ as AAPL, and has reported a constant increment in its revenue over the past five years; the revenue for the company increased from $156,508 Million from 2012 to $215,639 Million in 2016 although there was a decrease of about $18 million in 2016 .Its gross profit margin showed an improvement from 2014 to 2015, and then deteriorated slightly in 2016, not attaining the same level as 2014. The gross margin ranged from 43.9 % to 39.1 % from 2012 to 2016, with a yearly average of 38.4 % (Morningstar, n.d). There was an improvement in return on equity from 2014 to 2015 financial years but then reduced in from 2015 to 2016, and not attaining the 2014 level.  The firm experienced a net income of 115.5 B of shareholders’ equity average for the year 2015, which represented a 46.25 percent return on equity.  This ratio has ranged from 42.84 percent in 2012 to 36.90 percent in 2016 with an average of 34.57 percent. (Morningstar, n.d) The report shows a constant ratio for return on equity, with slight increase and decrease over the years, probably due to a financial leverage that was higher, and offset partly by a decreasing asset turnover. The firm is able to be a leader in relation to return on equity among its competitors and peers because it has sustained a broader net profit margin.  The company’s 46.25 % as return on equity indicates the highest value to be attained for any entire financial year of the previous decade. There has been a steady net increase in net income for larger part of Apple’s recent performance and history , and with 8.6 percent 3 year average growth, and another 44.6 percent average growth for 10 year period (Morningstar, n.d). The company’s book value seems to have an upward trend in the whole of the past decade, even though the shareholder’s equity growth rate has decreased over the previous three year period. Moreover, the adoption of a regular activity dividend and share purchase has brought about this trend and enhanced the propulsion of return on equity along its growth.  The firm has the highest return on equity among its biggest competitors in the industry, whose average return on equity ratio was 8.9 percent for the year 2015 (Apple Inc., 2016).

DuPont Analysis.
The company attained the highest margin in 2012, which was 26.7 % better than other recent financial years. The subsequent years have seen the net margin ratio ranging between 21. 19 % in 2016 and 22.85 % in 2015 financial periods, and the five year average being boosted by the 2012 performance. The high 26.7 % margin in 2012 created an upper bound in terms of material distribution higher than most recent value (Morningstar, n.d).   Even though this margin can explain the growth of return of equity in post 2009 period, it has not been a major aspect in driving this growth over the past five year period. Nevertheless, the company has a key advantage over its rival in the industry in terms of profit margin the main favor in the best return on equity. The company’s operating margin for the past five year has ranged between 35.30 and 27.84 percent for 2012 and 2016 financial years respectively. The ratio has been constant over the same period apart from 2012 which was the highest over the past decade. The EBT margin  for the past five year period has ranged  from 35.63 % to 28.46 %  for 2012 and 2016 respectively which means the firm attained the highest profit in 2012 . The assets turnover ratio in average ranged from 1.07 % in 2012 to 0.70 % in 2016 which shows a considerable decline over the five year period (NASDAQ, 2017).  In addition, the financial leverage ratio in average for the company for a similar period was 1.49 % in 2012 to 2.51 %, while debt to equity ratio ranged from 0.14 % in 2013 to 0.59 % in 2016 which indicates a steady increase over a four year period (NASDAQ, 2017).

The company’s turnover ratio for 2015 financial year was 0.89 %, being among the lowest value to be attained for whole of  the past decade , and can compared  rightly with 2013 and 2014 financial ratios . It also shows that asset turnover has reduced regardless of a constant and rapid increase in revenue as a result of the company’s rising assets book values.  The equity multiplier for Apple has increased constantly since 2012 fiscal year to 2.43 in 2015 fiscal year, an indication of highest value over a decade. Such equity multiplier was just 2.08 in 2014 financial year.

There was an improvement in Apple’s Cash Conversion Cycle for the 2014 to 2015 period and 2015 to 2016 periods. This metric is a measure of time needed for the firm to convert the invested cash to cash received from operations. The cash conversion ratio for the firm can be reviewed in terms of outstanding day’s sales and days inventory. The Days Sales Outstanding ratio ranged from 19.01 % in 2012 to 30.51 % in 2014, while Days Inventory ratio ranged from 74.54 % to 101.11 % for 2012 and 2016 financial years respectively (Morningstar, n.d). For Apple, cash position seems to be a major source of strength, since it holds cash or cash equivalents amounting to 13.8 billion dollars and even holds 11.23 billion dollars in terms of marketable securities whose conversion into cash is very easy. The company’s accounts receivables for the $ 10,930 million in 2012 to 17,460 in 2014 which indicates the highest sum, and for 2016 the receivables were $ 15.754 Million. This cash represent the amount of money owed by firms Apple carries out business with over different periods of time.  The highest amount of cash receivables was in 2014, the same year the company realized highest level of profit margin over the past decade. The trend shows cash receivables improving from 2012 and reaching the peak in 2014 and then declining in 2015 and 2016 financial years (Morningstar, n.d).  The long-term market securities seems to be a major asset for the company  as per the year 2015 ,  which also comprises of nearly 22 billion dollars in US Treasuries and 79 billion dollar in form of corporate securities.  Mover, the financial statements showed a good will of 4.6 billion dollars, which is an intangible asset representing an estimation of an upbeat consumer association of Apple’s brand name. For the 2014 fiscal period, the firm had a 2.2 billion in form of good will that was connected to its buying out of Beats Music for about 2.6 billion dollars. The current liabilities for the company as at 2016 were $79,006 million which is a decline from $ 80610 million including $35,490 million and $37,294 million for 2015 and 2016 respectively. The current ratios have remained above 1, an indication that the form has good liquidity.

Cash at hand for the company comprises of real cash and even cash equivalents, temporary and long-standing securities that are marketable. The firm has a large cash reserve and by 2016, it was raking in more from massive sales of hardware which gives the company lot money for potential acquisition. The firm has been spending much of this cash on research and development, and in 2016 the amount spent was 7.475 billion dollars for the same in comparison to 5.847 billion over the same period in 2015.  The firm is also involved in big investments, as seen in 1 billion dollars spent building the Didi Chuxing, a car-hailing application in China and this shows a diversification in the investment strategies. The firm is also continuing using the cash by giving back to investor (Apple Inc., 2016). The amount of dividend issued in 2016 fiscal year was $ 0.57 per share in the third quarter, 5 cents more than previous year.  The total dividend for 2016 was $1.61, in comparison with $1.46 for the fiscal 2015.  The firm also spent about 23.7billon dollars in 2016 in purchasing stock as in comparison with 22 billion dollars for fiscal 2015 (Apple Inc., 2016). The trend shows that Apple is increasing using stocks in research and development, paying out dividend to the shareholders and in building new products.

Section III

The steady growth in returns on equity indicates a future possibility for continuous growth over the next five years, that likely to be driven by increasing annual growth in earnings. The expected increase in return on equity is an indication that the firm will remain to be the largest   among its peers in the electronic device sector. In addition, the high profit margins indicate that Apple will retain its major advantage or edge over its rivals, a major contributor to the ROE in the industry.  The declining assets turnover is an indication that the company is utilizing its assets base in a less efficient manner in order to drive revenues, even though the present value can be compared to the rest in the industry.

Moreover, a higher level of equity multiplier shows that has better financial leverage and less of its operations are being used for financing equity.  Financial leverage seems to be the major factor that has been influencing the company’s return on equity over the past five year period. Apple’s financial position can also be understood by looking at the specific ratios which gives a clue on how the business operations are managed. The liquidity ratio and the trends over the past five years shows a healthy condition , with the firm having sufficient Current assets at hand to cover all current liabilities. The trend in debt-to-equity ratio indicates a conservative ratio that has been giving breathing room for management. The reducing cash in hand for the firm over the past 2 years ending 2016 indicates that the firm is starting to utilize  the large cash  ,  which serves investors interests. The company is likely to continue performing well in the industry, at least for the next five years.

References

Khan, U. A., Alam, M. N., & Alam, S. (2015). A Critical Analysis of Internal and External Environment of Apple Inc. International Journal of Economics, Commerce and Management, 3(6), 955-961.

Apple Inc., (2016). Annual report. Form 10-K. Retrieved from: http://files.shareholder.com/downloads/AAPL/4560892425x0x913905/66363059-7FB6-4710-B4A5-7ABFA14CF5E6/10-K_2016_9.24.2016_-_as_filed.pdf

Leadership and Management

Action plan

Action planning can be described as a procedure that is useful in creating focused and making sound decisions on the steps that should be utilized in the achievement of certain objectives (Krishnaveni, 2008). On the grounds that the team lacks confidence in performing their roles and are experiencing challenges when trying to work cooperatively in achieving the common purpose which is to offer to understand to an ordinary individual in relation to the complex nature that covers financial and retirement and improvement plan of their performance are a necessity. Some of the areas that require improvement are related to improving individual’s performance, improve relations among the three which will create a conducive surrounding for employees satisfaction and job adaptability. The goals are to increase adaptability, improve work quality, technical knowledge and skills, prioritizing tasks and work balance.

The team will be required to learn about financial services because their target consumers are a sensitive group that requires clear descriptions. The only thing that will be required from the employees is to co-operate and express their thoughts persuasively, concisely and clearly to create effective communication. The roles of the employees are to ensure that the ordinary consumers are made to understand the complexity of retirement and finances through the utilization of simplified English language. This, therefore, means that the employees are required to listen to the consumer's concerns and offer precise and clear responses that depict confidence. The training and monitoring will be objected at ensuring that the confidence and the self-esteem of the employees are developed by developing both their expertise and social skills. Cohesiveness and interdependence during work are usually essential as it results in improved performance, sharing insights and improves the ability to accomplish tasks (Wang, 2016). In order for an effective team surrounding to be created participation in team activities will be encouraged to increase the ability to work together. In addition, responses will also be acquired in recognizing contributions and acting on challenges.

Development Plan

While providing support to employees’ teams in the quest of assisting employees to achieve expertise goals a development plan is useful in improving the employee’s professional knowledge thus preparing them for better performance. For the call center team, the development plan that will be utilized is one that is grounded in performance. On the grounds that all the three employees are new in the corporation and works in achieving the same goal there is a need for them to work cooperatively. The approaches are best utilized in ensuring that the work together on their responsibilities will be encouraging knowledge and skills sharing as well as working to achieve collective rather than individual goals (Krishnaveni, 2008). When employees work together they tend to be more productive based on the ability to think collectively and evaluate thoughts. Mike has worked in the training administration call center and he has more skills and knowledge in relation to how communication between the consumers and employees works. On the other hand despite the fact that Jessica has not previously worked in the financial sector her previous role involved managing consumer services. The public sector where Dave came from is also essential in offering a number of skills. The team makes the most suitable combination that is characterized by varying skills and necessary knowledge. However, the team needs to learn how to work collaboratively in achieving similar objectives.

Trust and confidence are some of the fundamental skills in the working world today based on the emergence of uncertainties. In gaining trust and confidence from others I normally utilize a number of strategies which are generosity, flexibility and patient, openness, consistent and dependability. In reference to communication being open is essential with respect to the sensitivity of sharing thoughts even though they are not accepted by partners. Openness is usually effective because it diffuses any potential mistrust thoughts (Wang, 2016). In addition consistency in behavior helps in strengthening one’s reliability of the made promises. In short, one should be reliable in that I do not have the tendency of making any form of excuses and taking responsibility for these responsibilities. Being generous means that one should offer their idea so that others may gain the trust to share those they own. In order to encourage individuals to make participation, I achieve this by demonstrating the benefits of togetherness. In addition setting collective objectives and encouraging individuals to share and acquire some knowledge and skills is usually effective.

Development Activities

Succession training, confidence and skills training are the development activities that I will be utilizing. This will, therefore, involve identifying the different skills held by the employees and working on growing them. Employee development is an important part of growth but without incorporating professional development general success will not be acquired (Yost & Plunket, 2009). The development activities will work consistently in establishing and developing the needs of the team which lies on quality, confidence and working together. Conflicts among employees create a working culture that is unfavorable which leads to reduced performance and negative working relations. Working as a team necessitates collaborative skills and vast knowledge in regard to certain issues. In resolving conflict I usually encourage individuals to communicate and bargain about this issues more clearly to ensure that the existing relation is not destroyed. Peaceful confrontations are good because they encourage individuals to solve matters more quickly and effectively.

References

Krishnaveni, R. (2008). Human resource development: A researcher's perspective. New Delhi: Excel.

Wang, V. C. X. (2016). Encyclopedia of strategic leadership and management. Hershey: Business Science.

Yost, P. R., & Plunket, M. M. (2009). Real time leadership development. Chichester, UK: Wiley-Blackwell.

Leaders

Steve Jobs was the founder, chairman, and Chief executive officer of Apple Inc (Schlender & Tetzeli, 2015). He was not only successful in founding Apple Inc., but he was also able to steer different companies such as Pixar into success. Steve Jobs was hardworking, adaptive and visionary. While at Apple, Steve worked very hard, in order to see his company being able to achieve its goals. He was very successful, since he was able to grow Apple through hardworking, into becoming one of the best performing companies in the world. He was also a board member of Walt Disney Company, and this made him to adapt to different working conditions. Steve worked very hard at Apple Inc., in order to see the company advancing, through the visions that he had for the company. On the other hand, Steve was known to be very impatient, and would consequently lay off the employees who were slow in executing different tasks.  

Steve Jobs was a confident, adaptable leader, who acted with urgency. This consequently made to be able to grow a company which would be among the top performing companies in the world. He executed his own tasks confidently, and would consequently adapt to the new working conditions, in order to suit the needs of the company (Schlender & Tetzeli, 2015). In addition, he was known as a leader who worked with urgency, and would never wait for the right time to come. While at Apple Inc., Steve implemented new strategies according to the changes in market, and not according to the company’s goals. This consequently enabled him to be able to maintain the top performance, since he was able to deal with new situations as they came.

As a leader, Steve was determined to make sure that he impacted his customers positively, hence attracting more customers (Schlender & Tetzeli, 2015). In addition, he was also focused in making sure that he maintained a good relationship with the society, through providing products which were user friendly. Furthermore, as a determined leader, he was able to grow a company which no one could ever think of, into an international company. As a hardworking leader, Steve impacts most people in different ways, which include motivating people to stay focused, determined and be hardworking, in order to achieve success.

Reference

Schlender, B., & Tetzeli, R. (2015). Becoming Steve Jobs: The evolution of a reckless upstart into a visionary leader.

Introduction

This is a case study scenario of the time during the field work in order to get exposure into the real world of business. The Menorah center is one of the best to work with or basically work for in the near future.

Section 1

The strength of the agency is that it has the capability of being in operation for the residents for 24 hours for the residents to experience immediate assistance.

Weakness about this agency is that there are too many residents who seek help making it difficult since the workload subjected to them is too much.

I would choose to work with this kind of an agency since the first hand experience obtained from it is the best. The field work is more exciting and offering to work with this residents and even impacting a difference to the vulnerable residents is a good experience.

I don’t like nursing but in case a friend is in need then Menorah will be the place to be except that some few details will have to be changed such as the involvement of the residents into activities like dances, choirs and many other fun activities.

Staff members do really encourage the residents to become more active and independent in what they do. This is one way of encouraging getting involved and concerned about the other person specifically those who need physical therapy.

The staff members are the best as they offer the best at Menorah and since the residents are of different cultural backgrounds, they observe that keenly. In terms of making a meal, they do it considering the different groups involved.

At first the staff members were so not helpful since they regarded us as being interns but with time after being involved and interactive friendship developed. Everybody should be given a chance to try something new without being judged and also in such a center there needs to be active communication with the patients.

Healthy programs involved the baking knitting puzzles trips which is helpful in keeping the residents minds occupied and eliminate boredom. The interns too are very interactive in nature and offer the help to the residents in terms of the daily walks and routines.

Most crucial lesson learnt is that being helpful to others will always payoff greatly.

Physical environment is comfortable for the residents as this can help in ensuring the physical and the psychological issues are well met in this facility.

The type of change needed in this facility is handling of the residents through issuing a work ethics study to all. Make the areas where the families stay more quiet which is a good strategy in making others live comfortably.

Section 2

Played some word puzzles which were enjoyable since it was just sitting having fun with the residents and this brought back the childhood times at school when there was a lot of music and exercising. 

It is enjoyable working with the residents as this is a good exposure that helps in working with other people from different ethnicities.

Working in groups is great as the center of attraction is not centrally on same person at time in challenging activities which needs combined efforts.

Challenges experienced include trying to navigate round the facility and also getting involved with the residents. The rude staffs also made it challenging enough. Some of the residents have things that are unique and this is the best thing to remember to prevent being discouraged by the acts of the staffs.

Memorable moments involve the first days of walking into the facility with no idea of what is expected but after the encounter with the professor everything became clear and open minded.

During the internship, I have learnt a great lesson on associating with other people for quality progress. Worrying of what is expected was also a good experience.

Am confident now since working with the residents ensured that the performance is more precise and on point therefore becoming more effective at work.

Group activities are the best act to help the aged be more active. This involves using the hands to push the balloon instead of using the legs. This becomes good way of exercising and making the body very flexible against any other kind of disease. 

The greatest strength in this part of field work is the ability to get involved with the residents and offering the best type of experience to both parties. Some might seem so difficult to understand but they all deserve equal and fair treatment.

Staff members offered the best and passionately in a well organized way since they understand what every resident needed. Having a clear guideline of what is expected is a good work ethics strategy to save on time and also resources.  

Completing the field study will be sad since the good relationship will disconnect but also a good thing since the interaction was sweet and lovely. The good relationship planted into the minds of the residents will be cherished always.

Section 3

Usual participation was vital in order to ensure that the good relationship with the residents is created for example when playing the puzzles. It is always very great to meet new people who might seem to have a word or two to exchange.

The kind of relationship created with the residents is so mutual and exceptional which will hard to forget at any one time. Having developed a good relationship type of trust, many other people will always admire what one has instead of shying away in shame.

Some certain strength that the residents possess is that of gratitude, courage, strength, respectful and resilience. Being quiet and peaceful is also a qualifying strategy to be strong. peace is the only answer to solving any issue.

The methods used are so successful since the residents are always happy about our encounter until the end of the session. The treatment was beautiful and of equal measure since they do not disregard any other person or community.

Working with the residents gave me an experience on how to associate with other people and also to appreciate what life has offered to us. It is not for granted that others have the advantage of being in the service industry while others are still struggling to get such services.

There were a lot of challenges especially with the residents but all was manageable since giving back to the society is not a hard task. All the challenges experienced are the same and which mostly involved the resident’s lack of understanding of minor issues which needed to be solved equally.

Memorable moments at work would be the facial expressions of the residents assigned to me during visits since they seemed delighted. Looking at people who seem happy to work with you is a great experience of a lifetime.

Goals for my assigned residents are that of having time and someone to talk to at all times. Listening to other people’s problems is beneficial and it makes it simpler to share. Sharing is the best medicine to curing boredom and it would be important to share with as many as possible.

The summer program will be of much entertaining since I agreed to come back and work with the residents. Over the summer instead of being at home doing a lot of nothing it is important to get involved in a good activity such as helping others.

It is only fair to say I will surely miss the involvement with the residents who are always happy and ready to associate with other people. Hope will and still remains that after a while we will meet and talk about a lot of details with the residents.

Section 4

It is the most strategic and structured type of course currently since it involved holding discussions with the professor. The kind of discussions held at the end of a session is good for creating a grasps and ensuring that the continuity of various study sessions.

Specifically, nothing needs changing since it is more exciting and confidence as it was a great experience in the course. Case study with benefits improves the knowledge and understanding of various fields of study.

Being able to participate in the group by expressing different views and listening to other ideas is enjoyable. The different views are a way of learning and knowing something new through the regular exchange of ideas.

Through participation one is able to learn some great methods of dealing with other residents. Also in the general world, such motivation and participation is required in order to learn and make a life.

The orientation was generally very helpful since it was successful on the part of associating with others. Living with others is a great thing and most preferred is when you are doing something more constructive in life and especially self.

Nothing needs changing since the professor is the best in this course. Choosing such a case study was bright and of use to many. Not every individual has the privilege of experiencing the kind of practical help we obtained from working there.

Section 5

The reaction is positive since it assisted in making every patient countable for every situation since we all have different backgrounds. The diverse backgrounds should always be there to make us strong and not break us.

The feeling is good since nothing was left unattended and spending time with others is important. Having some alone time with the members of the public discussing and hanging out with them is a beautiful experience. 

It is great having accomplished every goal during the field work. Not at one time I felt like the quitting since the experience is of quality and so precious to everyone in general who participated in making it a success.

The experience was very good and would love to do these most of the time and also include my friends. Working with the best people and in this case the aged and the young is enjoyable. The residents were such great people.

My passion is helping others and human service professional offered the best platform to learn. The experience I possess today is not as a result of having an influence but it is just the passion burning from the inside.

Working along with kids is great in the future rather than working with grownups. Children offer the best kind of company to most people and this makes them my preferred type of people to associate and work for.

Every part has been considered.

Conclusion

It was a great experience working for the residents who showed a lot of interest in the making the best out of the situation. The residents and the general staff engaged in a series of tasks which encourage everyone to jump in and have the same fun of helping others become netter in life.