Overview of the Corporation

Freddie Mac, also known as, Federal Loan Mortgage Corporation started in the year 1970. The main aim of founding the corporation was to find the equality between the State’s mortgage markets and spread the chances for domestic possession.  The company started with 18 members and 13 selected partners where the United States President chose five of them. The company has a unique connection with the administration scheme.  The main function of the Company is to buy home mortgages from the American government and later sells them to investors.  The company buys mortgages from mortgage lenders including the National banks and other financial organizations, repackage them as debt securities and later bought by investors.  It earns income from the cost deduction of the money that the government spends and from the money gained from selling to the investors.  Therefore, the Company is a secondary market that conducts business between mortgage lenders and investors (Khan, 2004). 

Reviewing the financial declaration and finding the existing curvatures are the processes of studying the accounting indecency. The Freddie Mac Company revealed their increasing income of 2000-2002 that were higher than their original earnings.  The Company’s problems seemed different from other companies since their case were not of prowling of the company by its managers.  The company breaks laws and does not have business ethics, which diminishes the honesty of the Company (Khan, 2004). 

The company gives false description of their incomes.  This is because they had earlier lost their status with future shareholders and creditors. They also provided their managers with motives so that they engaged with insider trading.  The company thought that the business unit has lower income and could lessen their stock price and the bond price.  The Company executives are aware of the fraud, know that the earnings flow is higher, and can get profit through conducting fraud. This is how the company conducted fraud to earn income (Khan, 2004).      

Reference

Khan, M. (2004). The Scandal in Home Mortgage Financing.

 Retrieved May 4, 2017, from http://www.corp-research.org/e-letter/scandal-home-mortgage-financing

Case study 3

Sturbucks Corporation

Sturbucks is a corporation company that deals with a wide range of products specifically selling coffee to consumers. Some of the products line that Sturbucks’ deals with is at least 30 variety and a particular kind of coffee, blended beverages, the espresso, teas, also deals with bottled coffee drinks and the Sturbuck shots. Sturbucks offers home machines, grinders and brewers, the fresh pastries, ice cream, chocolates, salad, sandwiches, mugs, compact discs, accessories, and the various gift items. Sturbucks offers a very successful Sturbucks card which is a reloaded store-value card that allows customers to prepay their order.

McDonalds Corporation has increased its sales volumes and the profits by offering a high-quality type of a coffee compared to the Sturbuck coffee (McGraw-Hill, 2006). Sturbucks has concentrated its efforts in opening up new stores all around the world and this gives McDonalds Company to move up its scale by concentrating on offering the best services not opening up new stores. The rapid growth in the number of stores at Sturbucks fueled the growth in expenditure as well as the earnings making it a common place, not a special place. The opening up of more sandwich stores and at the same time offering coffee beverages to consumers made the store seem like a fast food rather than a coffee shop (McGraw-Hill, 2006). McDonald Corporation concentrated its efforts at offering only coffee-related products making it a coffee shop determined to retail coffee to its consumers. Reducing the quality of a product to offer more differentiated services to consumers makes Sturbucks a store instead of a coffee shop.

Sturbucks Corporation became a more successful corporation for its mission in ensuring a clean clear environment for the members of a society it had its stores in. Sturbucks shared its information with partners thereby creating customer service for the store (McGraw-Hill, 2006). Understanding issues that affect a common individual create a liking and a successful business for both parties. Offering flexible and innovative solutions to customers enabled corporation growth. For example, Sturbucks card which allows customers to prepay their order on the various products that Sturbucks offers. The card has been a huge success in selling more than 27 million cards in the first quarter of the year 2008. Sturbucks Corporation concentrated on buying, selling and using environmentally friendly products in its line of business which made it a more preferred company than the others (McGraw-Hill, 2006). Sturbucks recognized that the fiscal responsibility is vital for the continued of business as it is a way to save the environment for future generation. Being responsible for the measuring and monitoring the projects to the society also increased the level of the corporation being successful in business. Encouraging various members in the society to share the vision that Sturbuck possessed creating a business that catered for the environment and ensuring that success at the end of the day was the outcome.  Sturbucks Corporation also concentrated at offering the best services when it comes to its employees. Sturbucks corporation employees were assured of a good future since the company had guaranteed and paid for various services such as the health care, benefits, vision coverage, dental care, medical care, and good bonuses. Most employees are motivated to work if a company considers their wants (McGraw-Hill, 2006). Offering comprehensive bonuses is such a good way to improve employee morale, therefore, the work they are employed for will be done happily and the customer service will be excellent.

Strategic factors that allow the company to have a future in business are the fact that the company has opened more than enough stores in the world. By the year 2008, Sturbucks Corporation had opened at least 15,000 stores in only 44 countries and had a vision of opening twice the number in the world. On a single day, the Sturbucks Corporation had the capability to handle more than 33 million customers in its various store in just one week. This dedication to offering best services to its customers increased consumer awareness of Sturbucks Corporation. Stores for the company are located at strategic locations specifically to attract customers to its stores (McGraw-Hill, 2006). In the United States, statistics show that there are more than 166 million individuals who are coffee drinkers. This data shows that the many numbers of stores the company has opened will increase the earnings for the company, therefore, a marketable business.

Advantages of having the Sturbucks Corporation cards to customers is the fact that, one can reload money whenever they want and not necessarily at the company premises. It is a convenience customer service to every individual since the cashless system is safer although there are no discounts if one uses the card or cash at the store (McGraw-Hill, 2006). Sturbucks card can also be used by individuals at the Sturbucks.com site to cater for customer needs more conveniently. To Sturbucks Corporation, the cards offered a simple way to conduct business as the cards had brought in more than $400 million in the first quarter of 2008. In countries like Greece and Japan, where the initial rollouts had been launched, international recognition was inevitable.

Sturbucks Corporation can have a more successful business if they concentrate at offering coffee services instead of mixing the business. In most successful business in the world such as Samsung, concentrating on a single line of business is very vital in order to beat out the competitors (Michell, 2010). Diverting creates a notion in customer’s mind that reduces their interest in whatever solution one is offering (McGraw-Hill, 2006). Sturbucks Corporation had a successful business when they only offered coffee to customers. On mixing the coffee shop to retail sandwiches diverts the minds of its customers from being a special coffee shop to being just like any other business in the town centers. Integrating the business with other companies such as the Pepsi-Cola company which has a wide market creates consumer awareness of the products offered at Sturbucks Corporation. Many companies that have tried to offer differentiated services have lost market since mostly in America, people love differentiated and specifics instead of a variety. Sturbucks Corporation should now vision establishing and maintaining its brand as a coffee shop instead of other business like being a retailer of sandwiches (McGraw-Hill, 2006).

According to the company’s mission statement and guiding principles, Sturbucks Corporation cares about the needs of the society as the environment is what assures an individual of continuity. Conserving the environment is very important since the hazards that might be created once there is a destruction of the environment will ultimately affect the earning capability of the business. Getting the best standards to project the best is essential for success and Sturbucks Corporation has established that in its line of business. Sturbucks Corporation contributes to better the society and the living standards of its employees thus a company that many will prefer to work at compared to others which don’t offer similar services.   

Reference

Marketing Management. (2006). S.1: McGraw-Hill.

Michell, T. (2010). Samsung Electronics and the struggle for leadership of the electronics            industry. Singapore: Wiley.

Case study on gender-related topic

Transgender and employment

Introduction

The modern business workforce is perceived to have evolved to the extent of becoming more and more diverse. An example of this mushrooming diversity is the willingness of transgender employees to openly identify themselves as being transgender at their workplaces (Bender, 2011). In most cases, it has been noted that employers do not ensure that they have practices or policies which assists in addressing numerous of considerations which evolves when worker is identified as transgender. As a result of that workers end up finding themselves in some reactionary position i.e. caught unaware of such crucial issues which may be at times be difficult for either the employer or the workers to handle. This in return makes it hard for them to pass on positive message concerning the core values of the company regarding inclusion and diversity (Sheridan, 2009).

On the other hand, this then indicates that our contemporary business organizations have a lot to do when it comes to the inclusion of transgender individuals in workplaces. Although currently few businesses have tried to champion this issue through instituting practices and policies which embraces diversity, still a large number of them have to adopted gender transition principles, gender identity protection, and so on (Bender, 2011). This then means that by ensuring that transgender workers have been treated with respect and dignity mainly demands accommodations which the majority of workers have not yet taken into consideration. Furthermore, many business owners or employers are not sure of the legal issues of their country or the jurisdiction that they operate in (Andrea, 2015).

Background research

According to the researches which have been carried before, it is illustrated that there exists no explanation or reason as to why individuals are transgender. Often the diversity of transgender experience and experience argues against any form of unitary or simple explanation offered about it. It is believed that various biological factors are the main contributing factors to the development of transgender identities (Bender, 2011). Issues regarding transgender have extensively triggered policy discussion in the recent past. This has been fostered by high-profile of individuals altering their sexual characteristics or identification. Typically, gender identification entail the sex with which an individual indentifies. Thus gender expression involves how an individual expresses his or her gender identity through voice, clothing, behavior, and other means (Andrea, 2015).

Nevertheless, it has been noted that transgender individuals often do encounter discrimination in their workplaces and public facilities like schools. This then illustrates that this is where human resource manager plays a significant role (Sally &Tam, 2010). Contrary to that, with the increasing ongoing and inconsistent changes regarding HR practices and policies concerning gender identification, HR managers have been faced with a lot of challenges in maintaining and creating a fair working environment for the employees (Köllen, 2016). This, therefore, presents a unique challenge to the human resource departments.

An individual needs to take into consideration the controversies concerning dressing room and bathroom issues in business organizations so as to understand the fanatical attitudes surrounding this subject. The role of employers and HR manager entails staying enthusiastic about ensuring equal and fair treatment of all workers. This is achieved through ensuring that their organization is adhering to the laws and regulations which govern employees (Andrea, 2015).

Additionally, several countries and cities have varying laws which prohibit transgender discriminations. Moreover, although others are yet to take that into considerations, others do not conform to any sex stereotype theories regarding gender identity. This has made employers to be reluctant to take into consideration the anti-discrimination laws and regulations which applicable to their businesses. Although this issue still remains to be more complex, the only remedy which has been advanced is looking at the willingness of employers to accommodate transgender workers in their business enterprises (Bender, 2011).

Methods

I began researching legal issues related to women in business by using the Westlaw Campus database and browsing for cases related to labor and employment and using the search word ‘gender’. I found several interesting cases but ultimately decided to focus first on the case of a person fired for having a medical diagnosis of gender identity disorder (Glenn v. Brumby, 2010). In the notes of that case, I found several other court cases that brought up similar complaints against businesses and colleges. This led to me investigating gender stereotypes and how large companies are handling non-normative gender presentations by employees. Now I am interested in knowing what companies are well-known for inclusive business practices toward transgendered individuals.

The ABI/INFORM Collection database led me to the opposite information. When searching for transgender and business the second article was about employers’ unwillingness to accommodate transgender employees. I decided this would be a source of companion material for my case study: what not to do.  

Result analysis, findings, and conclusion

From the investigation carried above, it has been noted that the issues concerning transgender workers or those who are transitioning their gender are evolving and complex. Business owners as well as HR managers are the ones who need to be in the frontline in ensuring that bias does not play any role in job assignment, promotions, recruitment decisions, as well as the general access to facilities like toilets (Andrea, 2015). With respect to that, establishing clear understanding of all the issues affecting transgender individuals is significant in curbing discrimination and enhancing good business.

Similarly, the result of this research indicates that the majority of transgender individuals do encounter inconsistent amounts of gender discrimination in all spheres of life, particularly during hiring process. At least 80% of the transgender job seeker and employers have reported having experienced harassment, mistreatment, and invasion of privacy, discrimination, and so on not only in their society but also in their workplaces. As a result of that, this information underscores the role of human resource department in creating safe and respectful working environment for all workers (Taylor & Haider, 2014).

Moreover, it was realized that during recruitment process, the majority of the recruiting managers or supervisors do not remain to be sensitive to the fact that some of the applicants might have transitioned. Normally, during employment process, name and gender of the application’s credentials ought to match with the current legal or usage status. Contrary to that, suitability or background checks can in return reveal a sex which is not similar the existing gender of the applicant. In such circumstance, recruiting manager becomes reluctant in inquiring further (Taylor & Haider, 2014). This in return denies them the chance of getting employed in the organization of their choice.

In addition to that, it was noted that the majority of business employers are compelled with several questions regarding the manner in which they will effectively manager transgender workers in their workplaces, especially during transition process so as to reflect a person’s gender identification (Sally &Tam, 2010). Conversely, it has been recognized that leading by example is the effective means that managers makes use of in setting a tone in an office or in the employees working places. Respecting and treating gender non-conforming and transgender workers enhances good business relationships. For instance, in case a worker starts to transform form one sex to another i.e. from male to female and vice versa, employers usually become reluctant in responding to such issues. The reason for that is because of the fear of escalating curiosity in their business organizations (Köllen, 2016).

Summary and recommendations

To sum up, communication and training concerning the aforementioned issues have been proved to be the ultimate means of mitigating inherent challenges facing business owners, transgender workers, and workmates in their workplaces. In return, such efforts not only protect the privacy and safety of transgender workers but also assist workers not to violate transgender applicable laws and regulations in their workplaces (Sally &Tam, 2010). Regardless of the fact that there might not exist any single solution in every working environment, employers and transgender individuals ought to collaborate so as to be in the position of establishing policies and other work related-practices which are safe, respectful, and reasonable to transgender workers (Taylor & Haider, 2014).

In accordance to that, it should be noted that gender identity discrimination in not only working environment can affect any individual. Similarly, policies and regulations which hinder gender discrimination have been noted to have the capacity of protecting individuals who identify themselves as transgender or express their sex in a non-conforming manner  (Köllen, 2016). Likewise, it has the potential of protecting other people, particularly co-workers against gender stereotyping. An example of this is the case of men who some individual perceive as being too feminine or women whom they regard as being too masculine. This is to say that, employee policies barring harassment and discrimination on the basis of individual gender ultimately protects employment seekers and workers from form denied promotion or recruitment, harassment or subjection to adverse treatment (Taylor & Haider, 2014). This is because of the fact that they might be perceived as not conforming to the societal sex expectations.

Therefore, to be in the position of avoiding workers relations issues as well as discrimination claims, employers ought to be well prepared to deal with one’s gender identity. Ideally, they should be able to prepare transgender-associated policies and principles before any worker/s announces their transition (Köllen, 2016). Conversely, updating the prevailing policies as well as establishing guidelines for transgender identity is crucial in setting a tone of mutual respect and acceptance. Furthermore, employers should train, educate, and communicate with transgender workers, management authority, supervisors, and co-workers about their gender policies (Sheridan, 2009).

In accordance to that, employers should dedicate time to revisit some of their anti-discrimination policies and regulations so as to make it easier to include prohibition discrimination of transgender workers including gender expression and identity.  As compared other anti-discrimination policies, business owners should ensure that have placed such policies in employees’ handbook so as to reflect and communicate their anti-discrimination views about transgender issues (Taylor & Haider, 2014). This is to say that, the polices which ought to be taken into consideration includes when and how to communicate gender transition to co-workers, dressing codes, rules and regulations governing the use of dressing rooms and bathrooms, changing of the worker’s name and so on (Sheridan, 2009). Similarly, in the process of advancing transgender identity policies in their business enterprises, employers should be able to proactively implement programs and policies which are absolutely inclusive to the transgender society. 

References

Andrea N, (2015). Global inclusion. Changing companies: strategies to innovate and compete: Changing companies: strategies to innovate and compete Casi e studi d'impresa. FrancoAngeli Press

Bender-Baird, K. (2011). Transgender employment experiences: Gendered perceptions and the law. Albany: State University of New York Press.

Glenn v. Brumby (United States District Court, N.D. Georgia, Atlanta Division. Westlaw [July 2, 2010]).

In Köllen, T. (2016). Sexual orientation and transgender issues in organizations: Global perspectives on LGBT workforce diversity.

In Taylor, J. K., & In Haider-Markel, D. P. (2014). Transgender rights and politics: Groups, issue framing, and policy adoption.

Sally, H, &Tam S, (2010). Transgender Identities: Towards a Social Analysis of Gender Diversity. Routledge Press

Sheridan, V. (2009). The complete guide to transgender in the workplace. Santa Barbara, Calif: Praeger/ABC-CLIO.

BUSINESS ANALYTICS

1)  In the Airline Baggage Complaint Case Study, your team calculated Baggage%.  Explain why it was necessary to introduce this as a variable into the original data set.  How was it calculated (provide a formula)?

It was crucial to introduce baggage to the original data set so that it will be easier to access the exact amount of the customer complaints

Formula, Baggage % = {(Hand baggage – checked baggage)/cost} x 100

2)  a) Describe/define time series analysis.  b) Go to Google.com and type in the phrase “DJIA today” and write down the closing value of the Dow Jones Industrial Average on the day you submit this test.  DJIA is a “real world” average.

Time series analysis refers to the gathering of quantitative observations which are timely spaced and measured successfully. Its objective is to identify trends or seasonal variations, predicting any short-term drifts from the preceding patterns, data modeling, quality control, and so on. This is to say that time series are mainly analyzed so as to understand the nature and structure which produces such observations.

Moreover, in order to make sound investment, time series analysis assist in tracking the movement of data points, for instance security price for certain duration of time. Thus, there is no single minimum or maximum duration which ought to be included.

Dow Jones Industrial Average (closing) = $ 20,949.89

3) Explain the statistical procedure called “multiple regression.”  Use the handout on multiple regression to help you answer this question.

Multiple regression is basically an extension of linear regression through which several independent variables (X) are used for the purpose of predicting single dependent variable (Y). The variable to be predicted is regarded as being a linear transformation of the independent variables. The reason for that is to ensure that the square deviations of its sum of the value to be predicted are minimal. Moreover, the interrelationship which exists amongst these variables, it is essential to take them into consideration in terms of the weights which are assigned to each one of them.  Conversely, in some restricted situations, multiple regression is used for the purpose of inferring causal correlation between the dependent and the independent variable.

4) What is multicollinearity?  Use the handout on multiple regression to help you answer this question.

Multicollinearity is a type of regression which mainly occur the independent variable or the predictor variable in the model correlates more highly with the predictor variables as compared to the dependent variable. This regression does not impact the regression formula in case the purpose of the research was aimed at predicting the dependent variables from the independent ones. In addition to that, multicollinearity exists only when more than two predictor variables in the regression model are highly or reasonably interrelated.

5)  In the Housing Prices Case Study, the summaries for each of the simple regression models for the variable, Price, are presented at the bottom of page 2.  List the summaries for Price for each of the models.

            Bedroom @ $77,200

            Bathroom @ $106,900

            Individual squire foot $135

On page 3, comparing the multiple regression model to the three simple regression models reveals that the coefficients have changed. List the coefficients of the new model:

            In the multiple regression model, each bedroom rose from $77200 to $1785

            The price for each bathroom rose from $106,900 to 79900

            In the multiple regression was noted that the value of each squire foot was $21 while in the simple             regression model, its value was $135 per square foot.

Texas Issues

Texas is currently being faced with a lot of issues, which have mainly been attributed to poor budgeting, hence limiting the types of the services offered to the public. The county is currently experiencing a health crisis and an education crisis, which have mainly been attributed to the states poor budgeting. This paper is therefore going to look at the health issues and public school funding issues being experienced in the county.

Health Issues in Texas

The residents of North Texas are at a very high risk of suffering from stroke, heart diseases, cancer and even lower respiratory conditions, as compared to the residents who in other areas within the state. The appropriation of funds within the rural and urban areas in the state has therefore become an issue, which leads to reduced health services. In a recent research conducted between the 2004-2015 periods, it was discovered that while other areas in the state experienced a 10% drop in death rates, the Northeast Texas experienced 3% decrease in the number of deaths (Jessica, n.p). The main cause of the deaths, was mainly attributed to tobacco smoking. In addition, in the year 2016, it was discovered that 47% of expectant women did not have a prenatal visit, during the first three months of their pregnancy. This therefore led to the doubling of pregnancy related deaths in the state.

Half of the total of population of the northeastern region of Texas, are rural dwellers. These areas are therefore affected with factors such as low educational attainment, poverty, and insecurity. These factors have therefore affected the provision of healthcare services in the area, since most people cannot be able to access medical support due to the lack of finances. Moreover, the healthcare providers have been moving in these areas, in order to support the residents while in their homes, but their efforts have not borne fruits, due to the high cost of treatment (Jessica, n.p). The state has therefore been discouraged by such factors and it has therefore been allocating little finances to cater for health services in the region. Different groups of residents are therefore complaining about the issue blaming it on the poor allocation of funds by the state. On the other hand, the state shields itself from such allegations, saying that communities within the northeast region of the state do not want to be involved in healthcare issues and matters.

Public School Financing Issues in Texas

            Public schools are currently experiencing financial crises, and this has mainly been attributed to the $27 billion shortage in the states recent budget. This therefore forced the state to increase taxes, in order to be able to deal with the issue (Collier, 54). Due to the financial shortages in the state, the legislators therefore decided to cut off $5.4 billion from the public schools. In addition, the legislators also went forward to cut very huge financial support on different programs in public schools. The state has therefore blamed the crisis on the reduction of taxes imposed on property by a third, by the state legislators. This has therefore seen the state not being able to cater for the educational needs, due to the increase in the cost of living in the country and the state in general.

            This move therefore saw the state increasing cigarette and business tax, but the taxes collected on these commodities have not been able to cover the shortage of funds currently being experienced in the state. As economists term it, this is a structural deficit, since the economy does not have anything to do with the shortage of funds being experienced in the state. Even though the state may be able to recover the finances through imposing huge taxes on different products, this problem will persist for a very long period of time (Collier, 54). Immigrants in public schools within the state have therefore not been able to receive equal funds as those of the natives. The state has therefore decided to use all means in order to be able to deal with the financial crisis. The public therefore blames the state of poor planning and budgeting, which leads to such issues.

            On the other hand, the state has also dealt with issues of scholarships, where they have been done away with, as a way of making the state stable, hence being able to cater for the issues of public schools. The legislator reduced the finances allocated to immigrant students within the state, as a means of being able to reduce immigration in the state (Collier, 55). Moreover, the legislature blamed the growing numbers of students in public schools to immigration. Hence, in order for the state to be able to cater with the current public school financial crisis, it will need to reduce the number of immigrant students in the state.

            These issues have therefore been able to make their way through the Texas government, through the use of interest groups and the media. Interest groups therefore to the state government, where they air their grievances (Collier, 56). On the other hand, the media which is also the voice of the citizen, has been used as a means of passing the information from the public to the state office. Interests groups and the media have therefore helped in making the state to become accountable hence it has started working on the means of dealing with the issue. This issues have therefore not in any way been affected by post-factual political arguments (Practicing Texas Politics, 36).

Work Cited

Jessica Hamilton. How Texas Ranks in America’s Worst Health Issues. Houston Chronicle. 2016 print.

Practicing Texas Politics 2017-2018. Wadsworth Pub Co, 2017. Print.

Collier, Kenneth E. Lone Star Politics: Tradition and Transformation in Texas. , 2014. Print.

Individual Reflection: Blueprint for Professional and Personal Growth–Your Future as a Manager, with Executive Summary of Class and Collaboration Skills

Abstract

This essay is my ultimate analytical theorem regarding my blueprint of professional and personal growth from the main course learned in class “Managing People & Promoting Collaboration”. In this context, the paper offers a brief breakdown or introduction regarding the path I will take in order to become the manager I have been inspiring to be, the manner in which my relationship with workmates, work, and family can be the main root for my happiness (Rivera & Bueno, 2011). Detail explanation concerning how sure I am in maintaining my personal uprightness or integrity of ethics and/or morale within my working environment is also explained.

Additionally, the paper equally gives an executive summary which is aimed at showing or illustrating how the course managed to impart leadership knowledge to me as well as the way in which it have assisted me in identifying my strengths or weaknesses as an upcoming manager (Martin, 2005). Moreover, the summary illustrates how the course have given me adequate insights or strategies regarding the means of building a functional team, managing it in virtual work environment, developing team character, and so on. Similarly, in order to supplement the knowledge and skills I have gathered from other previous courses, democratic management style is the main plan of action which I intend to use so as to realize my professional and personal development or growth (Martin, 2005).
Executive Summary

Throughout the entire course, managing people (employees) as well as promoting excellent collaboration have not only educated be but also enlightened in four leadership aspects. First, one is how to be able to manage people. The second one is how to be in the position of building successful team. The third one is how to effectively select a strategy or strategies to use in fostering a positive working environment. Lastly, entails creating and sustaining an influential culture in the organization (Martin, 2005). Nevertheless, the management of people in an organization can either be as a result of the acquired or natural skills. Because of the human nature which keeps of evolving and changing each day, the management of people also needs to change and evolve so as to make it easier to accommodate dynamicity (Rivera & Bueno, 2011).
Moreover, as this lesson exposed me to several management and leadership theories, strategies, and concepts for building successful team, enhancing collaboration, and so on, I had the opportunity of identifying my strength and weaknesses as a future team leader. The reason for that is because strengths and weaknesses can either assist or hinder my future potential of managing people (Martin, 2005).

Thought-inspiring topics which we managed to cover within eight weeks, the points of consideration were discovering an effective manager, handling complex discussions, enhancing efficient communication in an organization, purpose, and strategies for personal and team motivation, selection and formation of team/s, and provision of effective feedback. Moreover, from the course, I learned about the means of creating a team charter, successful teams, management of diverse members and their teams, my responsibilities as an effective collaborator, establishing sustainable organization, ethical challenges and/or legal risks of the management authority, concepts, theories, and strategies for promoting a positive working environment.

Vulnerability based trust and effective communication are the main elements which ultimately assisted me to improve my understanding about how to manage people as well as foster collaboration amongst them. The means of enhancing effective communication to all members of a team is basically in the context of the manager’s information. This is to say that it is essential for all members to ensure that they are aware of when, where, what information to give so as to realize efficient and effective outcomes. Likewise, a team which has creative behaviors assists in creating an environment which compels team members to work with fortitude (Rivera & Bueno, 2011). Being in the position of making difficult task appears to be a fun game i.e. the capacity of challenging the idea of others so as to generate a new idea and to make it more innovative.

By instilling an energetic persons or voice within the team enables the team to remain in rhythm hence allowing members to make unprompted decisions. Normally, energetic individuals have the ability of convincing and communicating to other members their opinions with acuity and openly (Martin, 2005).

Strategies

Management becomes a personal conviction matter as well strongly believing in a cause of aim, whatever it is. At times management comes to leaders in life, and this cannot be regarded as being a bad thing. There exists no true obstacle to individuals who desires to become managerial leaders in case management is to be approached with adequate integrity. As much as everyone has the potential of becoming a teacher, management is performed in various styles (Malhotra, 2000). The reason for this is because usually different managers do adopt different styles depending on a given situation. 

Different styles of adaptability are increasingly becoming complex and dynamic. The reason for that is because objectivity stems from adaptability hence the need of having emotional and security maturity as a leader.  All of these parameters remain to be dependent on education, processes, or skills of an individual. Typically, effective managers keenly understand the relationship which exists between complex systems and teams.

As a result of that, managerial position becomes an avenue of conceptualizing the role and motives managers in guiding teams during the journey. The same way an athlete does, true business individuals understand the delicate balance which lies between the methods of becoming effective manager. Giving others the opportunity of acknowledging the objectives of people means realizing the needs of the people the company serves (Malhotra, 2000). As a result of that, it should be noted that objectives, inspiration, operational oversight, as well as other administrative services are usually born by administrative staff.

In order to be an effective manager, therefore, it will be crucial to have the capacity of prioritizing the objectives of the firm hence offering guidance which entails achieving the overall vision of its establishment. This means management continues to be a systematic approach which expands the performance capacity of workers in managerial roles (Rivera & Bueno, 2011). As comparable to other organizational approaches, I will achieve this via a single stage. The whole journey as an upcoming manager will entails executing the roles of a corporation which later induces effective team management.

On the other hand, this implies that there exists no single way or method of leading others. Regardless of that, systematic approaches which enhance leadership have greatly proved to be more effective to many corporations, working towards achieving preferred outcomes through a wide range of leadership approaches (Naoum, 2001). This implies that the role/s which I will be executing as a manager will take into account the several differing expectations and unique organizational practices. This is what will enable me to develop a particular system which allows the organization and other teammates to function at peak competencies.

Business insight also enhances leadership development. The vision and role of a manager remain to the positions within an enterprise which assist in advancing the general implementation of its strategies. Thus, in order to achieve that, I will ensure that I have established the means, created alignments, and the winning mindshare of all workers (Malhotra, 2000). Although such roles can be perceived as being formal, giving others the opportunity of making decisions as well as taking responsibilities in executing the roles, vision, and mission of the organization results to an overall improvement of organizational leadership. The same lateral peer needs to listen and negotiate with their managers through personal influence. Consequently, the practice of management development ultimately extends to any person who fits this kind of supervisorial definition (Naoum, 2001).

The core components of managers relates to efficient management of managerial position which enhances succession planning.  Conversely, competency map becomes an extremely useful tool to all members of the organization whenever they are trying to evaluate their development efforts (Malhotra, 2000). In short, in the process of ensuring that I have mapped my management attributes assist me to identify as well as understand explicit managerial behaviors which are detailed in organizational competency. In return, such an understanding is what will enable me to effortlessly develop leadership competencies through the use of appropriate attributes.

Individual and organizational assessment offers a comprehensive 360-degree evaluation which aids in informing individual supervisors and managers about their managerial roles and attributes (Naoum, 2001). In so doing, I will ensure that I have first focused on the strength and weaknesses of the firm. Additionally, as a manager, I will ensure that I have understood the context within which the organization lies. Therefore, this stage includes specifications of the manner in which I will be offering value to my esteemed clients and team members (Malhotra, 2000). The unique and culture as well as the expectation of managers usually collaborates the objectives of an organization. An effective manager team up with upper management on the preliminary plan associated to their individual development, such as, documenting the objectives of the firm and any other foreseeable challenges which would hinder success (Naoum, 2001). Experimental learning has been noted has to have the capacity of showing greatest rate of achievements or success in transforming potential leaders into higher functioning managers

Action plan

Democratic style _ this style is basically found in theories which deal with participative management or human resources management. By definition, democratic managerial style entails the distribution of power and authority amongst managers and workers so as to be able to involve employees in matters relating to decision making (Moynihan & Titley, 2001). In order to be able to exercise my democratic management style, essentially I will ensure that democratic consideration has taken place whenever team decisions ought to be made. This illustrates that as a future manager, I will be expected to serve as the facilitator and mediator of the team members, ensure that all members are psychologically well, and provide a respectful environment to all members (Cynthia, 2016).

Additionally, the key concept here is allowing the subordinate staff to participate in matters relating to decision-making. This will, therefore, be achieved through building a mature team which comprises of cooperative and mature people. This will give all team members the opportunity of making better decisions as well as supporting the goals of their team even though their ideas may not be adopted. Conversely, I will ensure that each employee is given the opportunity of taking an emotional interest in the growth of their departments so as to aid in crafting departmental process and policies (Simon, 2015).

Nonetheless, from the course, I realized that any department which makes use of this model yields employees with high motivation level, morale, and ready to provide creative solutions.  This establishes an atmosphere of mutual aid and team spirit. Furthermore, employees are not only able to set achievable goals but also be able to create plans with their leader which assists in evaluating their performances (Moynihan & Titley, 2001). Likewise, in the process of supporting employee promotions, as a democratic leader I will ensure my management style have pushed them to grow on the job.

References

Cynthia L. G, (2016). Entrepreneurship: Ideas in Action. Cengage Learning, 2016

Malhotra, Y. (2000). Knowledge management and virtual organizations. Hershey, USA [u.a.: Idea Group Publishing.

Martin, J. (2005). Organizational behaviour and management. London [u.a.: Thomson Learning.

Moynihan, D., & Titley, B. (2001). Advanced business. Oxford [u.a.: Oxford Univ. Press.

Naoum, S. (2001). People and organizational management in construction. London: Telford.

Rivera, H. O., & Bueno, C. E. (2011). Handbook of research on communities of practice for organizational management and networking: Methodologies for competitive advantage. Hershey, PA: Business Science Reference.

Simon, T, (2015). An Analysis of Big Companies and their Management Styles. diplom.de, 2015

Multinational corporations' impact on north and south relations- in the case of Starbucks

Introduction

Multinational Corporations (MNC) have really affected the relationship between developed countries and developing countries. This is because of the types of impact which MNC posts on both developed and developing countries all over the world. MNC’s may therefore impact the relationship between developed and developing countries either positively or negatively. On the other hand, most MNC’s have consequently impacted developing countries positively, a thing has really helped in improving the relations between developed and developing countries. However, there are MNC’s which have also impacted both developed and developing countries negatively, a move which has led to differences between developed and developing countries. MNC’s are supposed to strengthen the relations between the north and the south, and it is required of the companies to strive in order to strengthen this relations.

Starbucks has been on the forefront in making sure the company is able to maintain a good relationship between developed and developing countries (Sen, Bhattacharya & Sen, 2016). This is consequently because, the company has really improved the condition of most developing countries, a move which has consequently motivated developed countries to start trading with such countries. In addition, Starbucks is offering coffee farmers from developing countries loans, whereby they can be able to repay the loans in form of coffee beans (Gillespie & Hennessey, 2011). This has really helped the coffee producing nations to be able to grow economically. Moreover, the company works with coffee producing countries, in order to make sure that they produce the best coffee. In so doing, Starbucks is able to provide high quality coffee to its customers, a thing which consequently attracts most customers.

In a country such as Ethiopia, which is a developing country, and at the same time it is also one of the coffee producing countries, Starbucks has been able to work with the country, thus enabling it to be able to grow economically (Sen, Bhattacharya & Sen, 2016). Coffee exports in the country constitute 31% of the country’s foreign exchange. This therefore means that Ethiopia earns a lot of foreign exchange through the export of coffee with its main marketing partner Starbucks. In the previous year, the country exported 206,654 tons, where it earned $879.6 million (Gillespie & Hennessey, 2011). It is estimated that the number will double this year, due to the increasing demand of the product.

The economy of the country therefore heavily depends on trade of coffee (Dhanda & Young, 2013). Out of Ethiopia’s total population, it is estimated that about 15 million people are involved in the coffee business, either directly or indirectly. Provision of farm loans by Starbucks to such countries is therefore very significant, as it enables the country to be able to grow its economy, hence impacting the lives of its citizens positively. In addition, Starbucks offered to support the Ethiopian Intellectual Property Office (EIPO), in coming up with a national certification system. The national certification system therefore aims at enabling farmers in being able to protect their coffee, and to also be able to market their own coffee (Gillespie & Hennessey, 2011). This comes after the Ethiopian government realized that middlemen tend to rob off farmers their coffee, through buying the coffee at very low prices and selling them at very high prices to companies such as Starbucks. This move will therefore help in protecting the farmers from being robbed off, their coffee, hence they will be able to reap huge gains from their hard work (Brock, Thomas & Raby, 2012).

Starbucks has therefore enabled the country to be able to deal with the problems which it hard been earlier on facing (Gillespie & Hennessey, 2011). Moreover, due to providing a good market for the Ethiopian coffee and also coffee from other countries such as Brazil and Vietnam, the countries have been able to get along with developed countries, whereby they have stroked deals which have helped the developing countries to move forward (Sen, Bhattacharya & Sen, 2016). In addition, countries such as China are working with these countries in order to provide them with farm machineries, thus increasing the yields. Furthermore, Ethiopia has been able to come up with the standard gauge railway, which has really helped to ease transport and communication in the country. Farmers can therefore be able to transport their farm produce from their farms to the airport for export, through the use of the railway.

Ethiopia stroke a deal with China, whereby China sponsored the construction of the Standard Gauge railway in the country (Dhanda & Young, 2013). This move was majorly undertaken by the country in order to be able to improve its trade. The movement of coffee to the airport is now smooth, and farmers can also be able to enjoy the developments that the country has after the development of the transport and infrastructure system in the country (Gillespie & Hennessey, 2011). The relations between Ethiopia and China have therefore been strengthened, since the country has been able to partner with China in order to improve the flexibility of coffee produce from the farms to the market. The key player in this developments and relations therefore is Starbucks, even though the company was not been involved directly in the deal between China and Ethiopia.

More investors have also started moving to Ethiopia, due to the improvements in the transports systems, thus making the country an economic hub. The country has now started growing due to the number of investments in the Ethiopia (Sen, Bhattacharya & Sen, 2016). For instance large motor vehicle assembling companies have moved into Ethiopia, since the company has shown the capability that it has when it comes to developments. Ethiopia also entered into the Common Market of Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA), which is a marketing block (Gillespie & Hennessey, 2011). Ethiopia can now be able to negotiate with developed countries on the trade of different commodities through the trading block.

Starbucks has not only impacted the relationship between Ethiopia and developed countries, but it has also impacted the relations between developing countries and developed countries (Gillespie & Hennessey, 2011). Brazil, which is the leading producer of Coffee in the world, trades with Starbucks. Starbucks has therefore put the country in the world map, whereby each and everybody who drinks Starbucks coffee, asks where the coffee is from. The answer is usually, Brazil, Ethiopia or even Vietnam. Most developed countries have also started exporting coffee from Brazil, with China being one of the Brazilian coffee exporters (Brock, Thomas & Raby, 2012). In addition, when developed countries start trading with developing countries, this brings about trade agreements between different countries (Dhanda & Young, 2013). For instance, China started exporting Brazilian coffee, after which it realized that Brazil also produces dairy products. The two countries then stroke a deal whereby China exports coffee, dairy products, and steel from Brazil. On the other hand, Brazil exports vehicles, electronics and technological equipment’s from China (Bair, 2009). This move, which was brought about by Starbucks when it started exporting coffee from Brazil, has therefore made China and Brazil to be very good trading partners.

Brazil exports vehicles and electronics from China, a move which has made other developed countries such as the US to strike trading deals with the country. The relations between Brazil and developed countries has therefore been further strengthened, and more countries are moving into Brazil in order to invest in the country (Sen, Bhattacharya & Sen, 2016). Moreover, different countries such as Germany have also moved to Brazil, whereby they have promised to work with the government in order to improve technological advancements in the country hence improving the production of coffee (Gillespie & Hennessey, 2011).

There is no doubt that due to Starbuck’s success, most developed countries which trade in coffee have been able to depend on the sale of the product (Dhanda & Young, 2013). This is consequently because the company has been able to create a very wide market for coffee, thus making most of the coffee producing countries to be able to benefit. In addition, the company has therefore seen the rise in Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of most of its coffee trading partners rising, due to the huge tons of coffee that the company exports in order to be able to cater for its customers in different parts of the world. Due to the rise in the GDP in these countries, most developed countries have therefore invested in such countries due to the availability of cheap labor (Gillespie & Hennessey, 2011).

Most developed countries are now investing in developing countries, since developing countries have been able to grow economically thus creating a market for manufactured goods (Herring, 2015). Motor vehicle assembling plants from developed countries have not been set up in these countries. In addition, due to the huge market which Starbucks provides for coffee producing countries, this consequently helps in allowing the countries to be able to increase their supplies (Sen, Bhattacharya & Sen, 2016). Increase in supplies consequently leads the countries to corporate with developed countries, in order to get market for their increasing supplies. This move therefore allows developing countries to be able to   enhance their relations with unions such as the European Union, whereby the countries can be able to get a very huge market for their products (Gillespie & Hennessey, 2011).

In addition, Starbucks stroke a deal with its coffee producing nations, whereby it wanted the countries to produce more coffee in order to reduce the prices of coffee in the world (Dhanda & Young, 2013). This is another way through which developing countries can seek support and advice from developed countries, in order to be able to boost their production. This therefore leads to talks between developed and developing countries, whereby developing countries can be able to come up with the farming techniques which can enable the developing countries to be able to boost their production of coffee, hence leading to a drop in the price of coffee all over the world (Gillespie & Hennessey, 2011).

Starbucks, often makes developing countries to strive in order to be able to produce high quality coffee, since the company has multiple supplies from different parts of the world. This consequently makes its supplying countries to conduct a lot of researches in order to make sure that the quality of their produce remains the same regardless of the climatic conditions (Sen, Bhattacharya & Sen, 2016). These researches are usually conducted with the help of developed countries, whereby they help in providing farm mechanisms and in coming up with drought resistant varieties of Arabica coffee (Brock, Thomas & Raby, 2012). Developing countries therefore benefit from such deals, since the countries can now be able to avoid losing money due to droughts and harsh climatic conditions. A good example is Brazil, which was hit by drought, but the country was able to conduct a lot of researches and within no time, it was able to control the situation (Gillespie & Hennessey, 2011).

Starbucks also allows developing countries to be able to improve the living standards of its citizens, and in so doing it leads to developments in the country (Dhanda & Young, 2013). Most coffee producing countries such as Vietnam which trade with Starbucks, have been able to also look for other means of sustaining their economy. Vietnam has therefore really invested in agriculture, since the country is not very much industrialized (Gillespie & Hennessey, 2011). Investing in agriculture has consequently enabled the country to be able to trade with developed countries through exporting its farm produce to developed countries.

Conclusion

Starbucks has really helped in improving positive relations between the north and the south. This is through putting the coffee producing nations on the map, hence making developed countries to invest in such countries. In addition, most countries such as Brazil and Ethiopia have been able to increase their market for coffee and other products in developed countries. Moreover, Starbucks has provided these countries with a very good market for their produce, a move which has consequently helped in improving the GDP of these countries. Most countries such as Ethiopia have been able to improve their transport and infrastructure systems, hence being able to transport their farm produce from the farms into the airport within the shortest time possible. In general, Starbucks has really helped in strengthening the relationship between developed and developing countries all over the world.

Reference

Sen, S., Bhattacharya, A., & Sen, R. (2016). International perspectives on socio-economic development in the era of globalization. Hershey, PA, USA: Business Science Reference.

Dhanda, K. K., & Young, S. T. (2013). Sustainability: Essentials for business. Thousand Oaks, Calif: SAGE Publications.

Gillespie, K., & Hennessey, H. D. (2011). Global marketing. Mason, OH: Cengage South Western.

Brock, D. R., Thomas, M. P., & Raby, R. (2012). Power and everyday practices. Toronto: Nelson Education.

In Herring, R. J. (2015). The Oxford handbook of food, politics, and society.

Bair, J. (2009). Frontiers of commodity chain research. Stanford, Calif: Stanford University Press.

Blueprint for Professional and Personal Growth

Executive Summary

The content of organizational culture and leadership and the managerial assignments really helped me in being able to understand managerial skills. I was therefore able to understand how a leader can be able to encourage the employees in an organization to be able to work very hard in order to be able to reach the organizational goals. In addition, I was also able to understand how a leader can be able to improve the employee turnover rates in the company, hence enabling the company to be able to get the best services from its employees. This content will therefore help me in being able to spearhead the organization in being able to reach its future goals. Moreover, I will also be able to encourage the employees to work very hard, through enabling them to participate in decision making within the company.

The content and the assignment has helped me in being able to understand what managerial role is really about. I have also been able to learn how a manager can be able to easily motivate the employees in being able to work hard hence allowing the company to reach its desired goals. In addition, I was not familiar with the managerial skills, and so I believed that to be a manager, one needed to be very harsh towards the employees. I now understand how one can be able to manage a company without necessarily having to be very harsh towards the employees. This will therefore enable me to be able to work freely with the employees, and as a manager, I will also be able to motivate the employee and to also allow them to support me in setting the goals of the organization.

The content in this course has therefore helped me in being able to understand how simple managing an organization can be, particularly through collaborating with the employees. In addition, I have also been able to know how a manager can be able to rely on the techniques of the employees in order to improve the performance of the company. Moreover, since the employees better understand the challenges that they face each and every day, they are best people who can set the goals of the company. The manager can therefore ask for their opinion after which he can be able to evaluate and choose the best goals for the company.

Personal Strategy

            In order to be successful in my career, I will first and foremost conduct a lot of managerial practice, thus being able to fully understand how I can be able to manage an organization. I will also work very hard and make sure that I understand my employees, thus being able to understand the types of techniques and strategies that I would use in order to be able to manage the company (O'Toole, 2012). In addition, I will also make sure that I understand the skills which each and every employee possesses within the organization, hence being able to understand how I can group them as a team. Secondly, I will also work within my principles, whereby I will not allow anyone to drag me behind, particularly if I have decided to work hard in order to enable the company to reach a certain level. I will not rest until I have reached the goals that I want the company to achieve (Levin, 2010).

            In order to ensure that I enjoy my role as a manager even when working under a very challenging environment, I will maintain a close relationship with my employees. This will consequently allow me to be able to encourage them to provide the best services for the company, a move which will definitely make me to enjoy working as a manager in the organization (Shadle, Meyer, 2010). In addition, I will also work closely with the human resource department, in order to make sure that the hard working employees are rewarded. In so doing I will be able to easily encourage and foster hard work and accountability within the organization. This will therefore allow me to be able to work at ease and to also enjoy working at the organization.

Thirdly, I will incorporate my motto, which is never give up into my work. I will therefore work very hard without giving up even though someone within the organization might be trying to limit me from working hard (O'Toole, 2012). On the other hand, I will connect my work with my family, whereby I will allow my family to advice on the ways through which I should manage the company, in order to be able to avoid any obstacles which might come way. Moreover, I will motivate myself particularly if I achieve my goals. This will therefore allow me to work very hard and to also avoid giving up. Finally, I will respect my work, and the employees, and in so doing, I will also enable them to be able to respect me hence maintaining good relationship with all the staff members in the organization.

Action Plan

            My personal and professional goals will be improving interpersonal skills. This is because, improving interpersonal skills will enable me to be able to maintain a good relationship with all the staff members in the organization. In addition I will also be able to foster proper communication between the management of the company and the employees. This move will therefore help me in being able to easily encourage the employees to work hard (Shadle, Meyer, 2010). In addition, I will also be able to provide solutions to their problems, a move which will enable the employees in being able to feel free while working in the company. Moreover, through improving interpersonal skills, I will be able to reduce employee turnover rates, thus allowing the company to be able to easily achieve its goals.

            I will also be able to understand my skills, thus being able to incorporate them in my work. Furthermore, I will also be able to understand the skills of the employees, hence I will be able to easily form employee groups within the organization (O'Toole, 2012). Forming employee groups will consequently enable me to be able to assign each and every group the tasks which I know they may be able to accomplish. After accomplishing the tasks, I will be able to easily come up with the results on why the company has not been able to achieve certain goals. Moreover, I will also be able to point out the challenges which the organization is likely to face, hence coming up with solutions in order to avoid making very huge mistakes.

            This goal will also enable me to be able to understand the ways through which I can be able to beat other companies (Shadle, Meyer, 2010). This will therefore be done through communicating with different employee groups, whereby I will be able to ask the group members to provide me with the ways through which I can be able to foster developments within the organization. In addition, I will be able to develop new skills, these skills may include listening, and learning. I will also be able to learn from my mistakes and the things which I may do, which are likely to hinder the performance of the company. As a leader, I will also be able to work hard, in order to act as an example, since the employees will be looking up to me in case of any problems, or any challenges which they are likely to face while working for the organization.

            The main objectives of this goal will therefore be to foster developments within the organization, and to also maintain a good working relationship between the employees and the management of the organization (Shadle, Meyer, 2010). Fostering developments will enable me to communicate freely with the employees thus encouraging them to work hard in order to be able to improve the performance of the company. This will also see me being able to improve the interpersonal skills of the employee within the organization. Maintaining a good working relationship between the employees and the management of the company will therefore allow me to be able to allow the employee to easily work hard, and in so doing enabling the company to be able to reach its goals. This objective therefore easily allow me to be able to support my goal.

Reference

Shadle, C. C., Meyer, J. L., & American Animal Hospital Association. (2010). Communication case studies: Building interpersonal skills in the veterinary practice. Lakewood, Colo: AAHA Press.

O'Toole, G. (2012). Communication: Core interpersonal skills for health professionals. Sydney: Churchill Livingstone/Elsevier.

Levin, G. (2010). Interpersonal skills for portfolio, program, and project managers. Vienna, VA: Management Concepts.

Shopping center audit

Richardson Square Mall is retail shopping center which was opened in 1977 and was initially located in Richard, Texas.  It is currently located as an outdoor retail center in its place Richard Square.  The revitalization of City of Richard has seen few expansion of retail business with the new Richard Shopping center, where more than 10 retailers having been remodeled, redeveloped, changed ownership with new retail centers being expanded or constructed. After the demolition of the Mall in 2007, Sears remained as the only retailer to become part of the new Richard Shopping Center.   The mall occupies a large chunk of land and its size is about 400,000 square feet with retail centers, forming a large community or neighborhood (Washington Prime Group, n.d).  The center’s strong daytime employment is the driver for restaurant   retail with and is experiencing more growth of multi-family units and demand for additional retail-related options continues to increase.  The remodeling and renovation of the place give it a good appearance and the addition of new business units gives it an updated look. The landscape consists of grass fields that are trimmed, with 11 parking lots, outside walkways and sidewalks being well maintained (Washington Prime Group, n.d).  

Location

The shopping center is located in the city, but this location is generally way from the reach of many due to it’s out of reach for the Dallas- Fort Worth traffic. This means only those who lived near the Richard Square Mall. It is almost 5 miles and some few traffic lights from 1-635.  Other than inconveniences stemming from the far distance, the center has various parking lot entries and exists for customers that are convenient places which allow for easy entries and exists. The customers can easily enter or depart from the mall shopping center.  The shopping center is also located among other shopping malls and retailers in the city and with many hotels around it (Washington Prime Group, n.d). The various shopping centers surrounding Richard Square include the The Shops at Promenade, The UPS Store of Richard, Curtis Culwell center that serves as a conference center  , and various restaurants such as  Frankie’s Gianino’s Grill &Bar , Scottie’s Pub House ,Delta Queen Port of Call and TGI Fridays – St.Louis.  The shopping center exist among other retail centers in the   vicinity including the Neiman Marcus, 2shea Baby, Eastside Richardson and Galleria Dallas among other shopping centers in the entire region. These includes  outside shopping centers, indoor malls , conference centers and even lifestyles centers within the  vicinity if the city and near the Richardson  Shopping .

Since the shopping center is near the city traffic, it is rightly located where shoppers can access the retail businesses. It is distinctly located from local business trips or down town and its building seems to have been planned to allow tenants interplay in the merchandizing units. The family units’ location also seems to be a destination for family functions and outings given the various family units that can be found within the center.   The site seems to have been selected for easy access of customers who can easily manage to drive enter or leave the place given the spacious and well planned parking lots.  It has various on-site parking that allows such customers to carry seek services from the various retail outlets within the center and the amount of this parking is related directly to the retail area of the place. The sidewalks can also ensure that customers can park and then walk to their destined places in relative speed and safety.  The atmosphere created in this place has great appeal and shopping comfort which makes its intended purpose to be a destination for local   customers and its renovation leaves various family units.  The retail market is bound to change with change in customer preferences which means that retailers must adapt to these changes and target more customers in the process. This involves shifting the retail mix in order to attract more customers from the vicinity even if the shopping center is a destination.  This involves developing the right mix through a retail strategy that is based on an overall marketing plan of the firm.  The retail mix is therefore a strategy that the shopping center management will use to attract more customers especially from the vicinity.  The retail mix should involve the tenant of this shopping center where key factors are considered in deciding the marketing decisions aimed at targeting more customers.  Using the 4 Ps can rightly explain the right strategy that can be used to target more of the local customers and thereby increase their flow into the shopping center.  The product decision will involve leasing the spaces to retailers who will provide commodities with brand names, packaging and guarantees that meets the needs of the local customers.  The provision of various products should also involve identifying and even meeting the various needs of customers from the vicinity (Levy, Weitz & Grewal, 2014). However, development of a retail mix strategy should take into account the various factors that define a business including the personnel, product, promotion, presentation, and price in addition to place.

Retailer composition

The main anchors for Richardson Shopping center include the Sears, Ross Dress for Less, Super Target and Anna’s Linens.   Sears, Ross Dress for Less and Anna’s Linens are departmental stores while Super Target is a hypermarket located in the shopping center.  Other retailers include the Pizza Hut Express, home improvement store for Lowe and  Panda Express m Whataburger MA Chick-fil-A that are mainly  restaurants located inside the shipping center.  The later are mostly small retailers that form the big number with large retailers making about 50 percent of the overall businesses. The higher percentages of the retailers are not locally with many having their presence in other locations. However the shopping center has various vacancies where other retailers can establish their business to add on the intended retail mix.  Sears and Ross Dress for Less offer different products including accessories, apparels, home fashions and footwear.  Ross Dress for Less offers products at prices of 20-60 % off the regular prices especially to middle income earners or households and discounted regular prices for customers from those the households that have moderate income.  Sears offer a collection of stylish clothing’s for all customers irrespective of their age   , various home appliances, including electronics and kitchen products.  The retailers in the shopping mall offers various brands of the products whether clothing and other appliances with different prices in order to cater for all the customers with different purchasing powers.

 The difference in brands and prices assist the retailers in positioning in this local market which has many customers with varying needs and preferences and even different levels of income.  The retailers’ offers already manufactured products while acting as the link between the producer or wholesaler and the ultimate final customer.  Since the prices offered for different products are generally less than in other shopping areas, it means these products were bought in bulk and sold in small quantities that the customer can afford to buy. Given the variety of products offered at varying prices, the target market appears to be the local consumers. The shopping center largely serves the local area or people who do not reside far away from this place of business. In addition, the products are properly displayed in the retail shops within the stores, which is a strategy adopted by retailers in order to attract more customers into buying the products. By providing a variety of products to customers in a limited area, retailers normally aim at meeting the needs if the local customers and therefore, maximum satisfaction.  Customers normally feel comfortable knowing that retailers will offer convenience in regard to location of the retail shops with various ranges of products that can be accessed easily.  In addition, the various product varieties enable customers to have a selection of products that suits their needs (Levy, Weitz & Grewal, 2014). The retail relation to the target market is enhanced by the choice provided for the consumers at appropriate quantities and reasonable buying prices.   The pricing strategy adopted by the retailers is also simpler than the one used by other vendors like wholesalers and, hence are able to target a single local consumer segment in an area. 

Customer Traffic

Richardson Square shopping center appeared to have generally fewer shoppers than expected in a highly performing shopping mall.  A larger number of the people in the shopping center were just walking around with a smaller number inside the mall which is an indication that the place is not busy.  Shoppers are just seen congregating in a few stores while majority of the stores had limited traffic of customers and those congregating could not be found at the counters paying for the products selected. In addition, the traffic appeared imbalanced with the parking lot cramped around those stores that offered necessary perishable products like foods or drinks.  Generally, majority of the stores appeared to have smaller customer traffic, signified by the large unoccupied parking lots.  Fewer customer visits in shopping centers or malls is an indication that the retail is not performing well or is not growing.

Facilities

The Richard Square shopping center exits and entry points are located in convenient places including for the major anchor stores that allow for easy access by customers.  The shopping center has both indoor and outdoor trashes receptacles that enable the place remain and appear clean everywhere. The trash cans are generally in good conditions with enough empty space for waste.  The center has been renovated with the floors, walls and railings appearing in good conditions and   in overall, everything appears to be maintained with few places requiring repair work.   Even though the restrooms cannot accommodate a large group of customers, they are clean and even easily accessible. In addition, there are no specific fixtures that are in bad condition in a manner that could hinder the ability of shoppers to walk around the center easily.  The surroundings of the center appear in good conditions with the lighting system, the doors and even the escalators are in good condition, with nothing repelling anyone interested in shopping from the place.

SWOT analysis

The strengths for the shopping center emerge from the maintenance of the facilities which can have long-term effects on the entity and thereby addition value to it.  Good maintenance across the entity can lead to overall reduction of cost and this will enable the attraction of more retailers and customers (Levy, Weitz & Grewal, 2014). Maintenance and renovation will enable the organization to compete against the surrounding shopping centers since customers are attracted by an appealing environment.  Adequate parking space, availability of restaurants and availability of various large retail stores gives the center an advantage against the surrounding shopping centers since customers are attracted by the convenience aspect.   The shopping center has various weaknesses which includes lack adequate restrooms which mean that a large number of customers cannot find enough waiting areas. Furthermore, the location of the Richardson Square is such that   it favors only those individuals who are driving while living out those who could use public means or taxis to shop in the various retail centers. This could be the reason why the center is experiencing low customer traffic as the local consumers are not being drawn into the shopping center in comparison with the competing shopping malls in the vicinity. 

There are also opportunities available for the Richard Square to improve customer service, quality and hence more profit .  The entity should lease more of the available space to retailers who will store more product variety and hence make the center a one-stop shopping place targeting all the local customers.   The management of the entity can also take advantage of the large population by liaising with public service providers to provide transportation services to local customers who are not driving and thus increasing the traffic into this center.  A major threat facing Richard Square are the many shopping malls in the vicinity and offering similar retail services or more, representing high competition faced by the entity. This coupled with a past history of shutdown is a risk to the performance of the entity.  

Recommendations

 In order for the retail center to improve its performance ,  it will  should implement strategies aimed at meeting the needs of relevant target customers , building of competitive advantage that is sustainable and improving the image of the centers.  In order to meet the customers need, the management of the entity has considered the stores that are likely to provide products that meet the needs of the customers (Levy, Weitz & Grewal, 2014). Choosing the appropriate stores to be located in the development is important given that customer traffic will depend on various factors among them being the availability of desire products or services.  Building competitive advantage involves including of centers within that offer additional services that cater for all households in this area an example of which is lifestyle centers. Such places will include all the demographics including the families with kids and people who would like to hold various functions in the place. Improving the image of Richardson Square will involve redesigning the floor to include more retail occupancy, and bring in more services or product that can increase the traffic of the customers in the Mall. 

References

Washington Prime Group, n.d. Richardson Square. Retrieved from: http://richardsonsquare.com/

Levy, M., Weitz, B. A., & Grewal, D. (2014). Retailing management. New York: Irwin/McGraw-Hill.

 Labor Relations and Global market

Abstract

The purpose of this paper the critical exploration, discussion, and examination of the controversies, developments in the labor relations sector, it highlights and explores vital issues about labor relations. The paper explains some of the emerging and trending issues touching that transpires in the faculty of labor relations about globalization. Expansion in the global market goes hand in hand with globalization as well as liberalization, and the whole process is exacerbated by the growth of international trade as well as technological advancement due to the rapid transaction of funds and resources. Nonetheless, technological progress has brought a lot of controversial and disruptions in some of the key areas of production and ruining the perfect relationship between the management and the workers and erosion of standardizing and stable production. Furthermore, the erosion of stable and segmented production is brought about by the sequent attempts to improve quality of the product using technology and innovation   

Introduction          

Primarily, labor relation or industrial relation is the study of giving management to unionized employment condition especially under an agreement such as collective bargaining. Moreover, in academic terms, the term labor relations stands for a sub-class found within industrial relations and a subclass within the faculty of human resource management in practice (Chaisson, 2006). Furthermore, the courses concerned with this program of labor relations always cover labor organization, bargaining, labor history, contract administration, labor law and other relevant but contemporary topics. On the other hand, the global market directly implies the process of conveying product or service to the international community or worldwide after a conceptualization with the aim of reaching the international marketing community. Notably, an efficient global market can raise the company to the next level of commercialization especially if the company deals with goods and services of international demand (Colling & Terry, 2010). Global marketing is important to those businesses that provide product or services with international demand such as food and automobile as well as human resource service. Therefore, this paper seeks to underscore as though discussion of the various elements involved in labor rations and global market.

The concept of labor relations

The word labor relation is a two-word term labor and relations. It is also referred to as an industrial relation. The two terms stand for any productive activity a group of people, employees or a person, employee, engage themselves or himself into respectively. Therefore, it means that the word labor relation is a collective word that elaborates the kind or the relationship existing between management, which emanates directly from the union-employer relationship and the workforce, the employees (Oakley, 2002). Precisely, in the olden days, the concept meant the relationship between the employers and the employees working in an organizational environment, but with the contemporary society, the meaning advanced to even involve other official documents and deliberations such as collective bargaining agreements. Furthermore, the concept nowadays has a broader outlook incorporates other interactions and professions such as human resource management and employees relations.

Importance or the need for labor relations in the global market

Labor relation is an essential tool in management and decision making in both an organization and global market at large. Organizations, which are serious in commercializing their products and build their reputation has no choice but to engage in labor relations affairs. Therefore, some of the main advantages or advantage the process has to the organization and the global market typically includes the following. Labor relations improve employee productivity as well as lowering the turnover cost in the organization, which always reflect even in the world market. Moreover, the labor relations also increase the service and product quality.

Employee productivity

Over the past decades, evidence from reliable sources of information asserts that the unionized organization has high rates of productivity than nonunionized organizations (Colling & Terry, 2010). The productivity among some of the key unionized organizations as well as manufacturing business is ten times greater than those nonunionized firms and properties with that in education sector being 7% percent higher among the unionized employees this is according to a research study done in 2003. Hence, the lobar relation is necessary for the organization and even in the international marketing to increase the rate of productivity.

Lower turnover cost

Notably, as a result of the many factors such as the demise of employees, search for higher salaries, reshuffling and resignations, many employees leave organizations. In such a scenario, the organizations usually incur costs replacement and separation of employees. For the unionized, the unions chip in to help reduce the turnover because of the detrimental effects this process brings to the organization always cater for the cost incurred. Some of the consequences of this cost include the greater cost of communication between the employee and the management and job loss. Thus, the labor relations are supportive and critical to the organization in solving organizational problems such as high-cost settlement (Chaisson, 2006).

Workplace health and safety

Over the years, the primary mandate of labor unions has been the good working conditions for their members. Most labor unions across the world ensure safer working condition to the workers and are responsible and seriously involved in reducing worker fatalities in organizations such as the manufacturing industries. In addition, the unions are determined to ensuring a safer workplace because of the benefits the condition has to the members. Some of these benefits entail the reduction of compensation cost, health insurance cost, abstinence, and productivity (Oakley, 2002). Moreover, the unions demand greater safety and health training and that the unions themselves have significant effect and influence to the organizations. A good modern example is the scenario of International Brotherhood of Electrical workers and their safety program of Alabama power 2013 called the target zero that reduced the accident in the organization by 9 percent annually.

Product and service quality

In a case when employees are committed to giving, a greater input in the process of production of services and good the quality of those goods and services increases. The increase of quality of the products and services is articulated to the greater commitment of the manufacturer and delivers of the products. Active labor relation in the global market facilitates the interaction and communication between the management and the workforce which is very instrumental in detecting organizational problems before they happen as well as improving ideas to for better and quality production.   

In totality, labor relations are a paramount organ in both local and intentional markets. Labor relations mainly defend worker’s interests in various issues such as the salary and wages increments, as well as seeking the perfect working condition to maximize the output production. Different employees in the various regions of the world in different organizations are concerned with social security measures as well as the employees’ democratic right to participate in management.

Labor relations, globalization, and liberalization

Liberalization being the reduction or the removal of barriers or impediments that affect the exchange of goods and services among the nations freely, in is very efficient for effective international working relation since it not only stop the restriction in labor but also removals constraints such as nontariff obstacles (Oakley, 2002). Nowadays, liberalization and globalization are the marketing activities that manage employment relationships in both industrializing and already industrialize nations.         

Following the significant advancement of information technology in various countries of the world, globalization, and extensive development in the international trade, liberalization has been inculcated into the more significant interactions in the global marketplace which intern has exacerbated what is referred to as the universal economic interdependency. In this case, the great propagator and perpetrator of liberalization and relations between employees and employers in the international market are the direct investment carried out in various countries, and the significant growth in international trade (Colling & Terry, 2010). Furthermore, the information technological advancement has also contributed to the promotion of liberalization and labor relations in the global market by facilitating changes in production and service location across h globe and facilitating faster financial transactions.

Concerning globalization and the increase in international economic interdependency, the traditional labor relations have been significantly disturbed in various ways. The national governments have confined the relations activities and arrangements, however, in the case of the global market, has considerably expanded the demarcations or the binderies of the marketplace. The extent or the rate at which the information technological advancement has contributed in creating inter-enterprise networks and strengthening relationships with workers and employees across the globe eradicates the first labor relations (Blanpain et al., 2008)

On the hand, another driver in the change in the manner in which labor relations operates in the global market is the funders or the driving force for change are the multinational corporations. These multinational corporations also called the MCNs not only engage in foreign direct investment. These businesses from simpler initial business integrations they grow the global market and enhance complex business relations and interactions as well as production networks. Therefore, because multinational corporations control the world economic productivity and are also centers of mass communications they have a high impact global market beyond the jurisdictions f the countries they are located.

As one could expect, the expansion of this multinational corporation all across the world is a assure reason for increased interaction between different individual groups and companies across the world. It is also the center of the interaction between the various employers and employees due to t mass communication processes undergoing in such corporations. The activities of the MAC’s both in their local countries and the different branches abroad has influenced change and transformation in the sector of labor relations and with a subsequent erosion of the traditional labor relations (Blanpain et al., 2008).

In addition, it is important to highlight that the aspect of globalization, which is the expansion of markets and workplaces, have altered the two factor of production and that is capital and labor in all the countries. Due to the different in the characteristic of the two factors of production’s expansion of global market has brought some hitches in the operations labor relationships. Meaning that capital is readily more mobile, that is easier transferability in an open market environment, whereas labor is relatively immobile. This disparity in mobility of the factor of production implies that one factor which is capital is moving and getting roots in the international market with labor getting more disadvantaged in the sense that capital can employ labor in certain countries at very low cost. Moreover, this, in turn, compromises the welfare and the unionization of workers in the progress of employment in the country in question.

Another thing that makes the globalization about the labor relations controversial issue is the competitive markets caused by the increase in economic interdependence among the countries both by inter and intra-regional interactions. This issue is contentious in the sense that the competitive interaction may lead to building up of sufficient labor relation and unions between the countries due to the generation of new ideas and desire to be more productive. Nonetheless, the intense competition can also result in resistance towards convergence about various regional and national circumstance. The above statement then implies that instead of strengthening strong labor relations among the countries the globalization that is the widening of the market scope can lead enmity and bad relations between the countries involved as in the case of Asia and Europe.

Information technology and labor relations

In this modern contemporary society, it is impossible to talk about economic development in a given sector without the involvement of technology. The area of employment relation is more of social, economic interaction, therefore; it has been perpetuated largely by the information communication technology. With the technological advancement in the communication sector, a high impact and significant changes have been realized in the sector of labor relations that is the interaction between the management and the employees at both local level and international. Moreover, a substantial has been felt in the global market due to the faster rates of transactions and transfer of goods and resources making the world the so called the global village. The advancement in information technology has immensely promoted the development of some of the fundamental pillars of international labor relations, and that is industrialization and globalization.

The new technology has exacerbated stiff competition in both the local and the global markets. As a result, demand for more and better and more accurate items have also increased leading to shorter product cycle and higher products market volatility. Such as a state is a dangerous situation in the market and always require quick response and emergent operations to the changes in the market demand.

Significantly, it is important to highlight that with the increasing of new technology there is a relative increase in the flexibility of production process as well as social interactions. However, trade unionist and labor relations at larger have never embraced the advancement in technology due to the many technicalities it brings to the unions. A good example is the Uber taxis which have faced severe rejection from the unionists since the business gave the taxis driver a stiff competition and Eve paralyzing big industrial from speeding around the world.  

Different unions including one of the world leading labor unions such as AFL-CIO opposes technological advancement in industrial relations since they view it as a disrupter. They were in the forefront in fighting the so-called calling tech community, who were waiting for ease the hiring of international engineers.

Additionally, a considerable controversy has also been realized in the service output. The technological invention has made it that in the case where more services that are specialized are required; more limited and smaller production operations are needed. With the invention of new technology with the slogan of making, work easier, a job that requires a substantial number of workers can now be completed quickly even with fewer workers (Bonanno, & Cavalcanti, 2014). The scenario has made it possible for every worker to be in opposition to do any job, hence no distinction or clarity in the hierarchical and functionality of different jobs. The distinction between management and labor has also been blurred since every worker has the skills and the capacity to perform every job via the help of the technology. What the presence of fewer workers in the global market economy was experiencing today believed to have been caused by the technological attempts to improve products through innovation and pricing was accompanied by erosion of stable, standardized and segmented production process.

Technology has also affected activities of labor relations through the organization of work. Quick response and efficient response to market changes is the key to an achieving productive efficiency and flexibility. If anything at time forces for re-writing of a worker job description to the worker under the broader grouping of activities, taking and a accomplishing the whole task with a strong emphasis on teamwork. This disruption in the organization of work as well as worker’s job description is a big menace in the employee management hence some of the contrivances brought about by technology in the sector of labor relations.

Nonetheless, there has been an improvement and related changes to act as coping strategies or the adaptation measure to the many menaces brought about by technological advancement in the sector. Some of these coping strategies are geared towards improving the relationship between the employees and the management based on cooperation and consultation. With this regard, many enterprises, as well as unions, have been initiated to establish and maintain safe conducts as well as best practices and centralize organizational learning. The unions created this organizational capacity building strategies to bring back or restore good industrial relations such as the individual performance of both workers and managers, which were eroded by the technologies (Tiraboschi, 2014). The alterations made in this sector are geared towards achieving a good organizational structure that is management hierarchies. Workers to the enterprise also focus the unions to realizing devolution of operational responsibility as well as making the mutual relationship between employees and managers, and commitment.

In the adjustment process, different enterprise and unions have realized the importance of rationalizing their operations to strengthen their competitiveness in the global market. In achieving these affirmative actions, the various organizations have ventured into the process of defining the competitive edge and essential rational in ways possible to substitute technology and labor (Blanpain et al., 2008).

Some trending and emerging issues on Global labor relations

Today, labor relations is all about signing agreements called the collective bargaining agreement. The documents containing the terms of the accord is signed between the employer or the management and the workers or the employees. In the case of violation of any terms of the agreement then either party seek justice in court or by organizing strikes, picketing line or revising the collective bargaining agreement in what is called unionization campaign.

Nowadays, the unionization campaign is branded the name corporate campaigns, because trade unions do not only organize such campaigns only, but they are also orchestrated and hosted by politicians, community leaders politicians and religious groups. Most of these campaigns are against human right violations such as unsafe working conditions, child labor, human trafficking. The primary purpose of these campaigns to strengthen the union by increasing the membership which in turn accolade the company influence and power to be able to enforce policies into law to promote good labor relations both local and internationally (Tiraboschi, 2014).

The high shortage of union members has led to negative influences on different companies’ reputations as well as commercialization since the unions have gone hunting for members in businesses’ using the top bottom approach instead of the bottom, top plan. In this context, various unions have an alliance with NGOs and other organizations must be behind the strengthening and legitimacy. Due to excess alcohol intake, Oxfam saves the children that did focus more on their attention and resources on pushing an operations launch or effective campaign.

On matters about location and appearance, it is intuitive that corporate campaigns have gone global and more sophisticated and well coordinated than before. As a matter of fact, the management and execution of this companies plans are well calculated, and any blender in the operation of the business means falling into the trap of the trade union’s schemes. And if an individual has the interest to become a member, the union specifically higher researchers to scrutinize the recruit, for instance, the United Autoworkers and SEUI employ a group of the researcher to investigate new hires.

Union structures

Trade unions federations in a different sector of the economy such as sectoral, national or regional and industrial have developed as common characteristics of union structures. Many countries have one trade union federation this include country such as Singapore and China White a bigger number of countries having two to three federations. Nonetheless, other countries like Philippines, Thailand, and Pakistan have many.                       

The scope of bargaining

The older forms of both decentralized and centralized approaches of bargaining are becoming outdated, and everything is changing. Different countries across the world such as New Zealand have had and applied the use of the traditional approach of the centralized collective bargaining agreement with other nations which were the majority implement the decentralized approach at the enterprise and the industry levels.

Over a substantial period, different countries especially those with the union that used the centralized collective bargaining agreement approach which are countries such as Singapore and new Zealand began abandoning the centralized wage fixating. The states chose to give up the centralized bargaining approach due to its fixed nature to a more flexible one the decentralized approach of collective bargaining agreement considering the many competitive circumstances experienced by individual enterprises and industries (Clark, Delaney & Frost, 2002).

With the rapid global market dynamic, a lot of alteration is taking place in the international market and up to the different countries to change their systems of operation to adapt to the situations. Therefore, countries such as Mongolia and China, which has not yet, adapt to the current labor relations changes are undergoing legislative development as well as developing a Lao PDR to give a framework for the formulation of collective bargaining agreement.

Unfortunately, in a contemporary society of globalization and technological advancement, it is absurd for any country to be left behind both regarding technological progress and even the knowledge of the trending issues in the world. Workers and management in these regions that have not incorporated the collective bargaining phenomenon into their labor relations systems lack the concepts and knowledge and practice involve in the effective negotiation of collective bargaining agreement.

All over in the world, there has been a substantial difference between countries concerning this subject of collective bargaining. Different countries have their limit of issues that they submit to bargain or any form of mutual concern hence only embrace labor relations to a particular extent (Bonanno & Cavalcanti, 2014). For instance, have no such boundaries in the agreement and give permission to the parties to have a mutual concern or bargain in any issue. On the other hand, some countries such as Malaysia and Singapore have their boundaries and do not allow bargain in anything related to or falling within the management prerogative.

Moreover, in another different angle altogether, some countries require certification of collective bargaining that in most cases involves many precondition measures. As if those one are not enough, diversity is healthy and productive many people like doing things differently. For the event of countries such as New Zealand and Australia has permitted their industrial parties to come up with their individual bargaining agenda.

The three level of labor relations both in the local and global market.

Primarily, in the framework below it is argued that the occurrence of labor relation in any given societal setting is determined by the actions of the government, economic context, NGOs, and international agencies. Moreover, the framework also asserts that there are three main levels of labor relations activities. Meaning the stages at which labor relations occur.

At the top is the first tier or level of public relations called the strategic level. At this juncture, the framework illustrates that this level entails structure and strategies that have long-term influence in work conditions as well as employment levels (Clark, Delaney & Frost, 2002). This phase emphasizes the centrality of business strategies as resource or bedrocks to effective labor relations. Business strategies influences product strategies and impact investment hence it is an active primary process a perfect relationship between different stakeholders.

In addition, the effective interaction between government unions, international agencies, and NGOs even as illustrated in the framework is made possible by the and perpetuated by the strong business organization. O the other hand government plays a very instrumental role in this stage of strategic level as a policy maker and employers. The government management in this case as an employer influences in private and public levels via the law and policies enacted to shape and facilitate the businesses.

In the second tier or the second stage is the functional level. This level entails the outcomes as well as the process of collective negotiations. Furthermore, this stage also involves the activities that accompany any modern labor relations and that the strikes, wage determination process, bargaining power, and bargaining structure. This event forms the primary tools and strength of the different unions of labor relations to maintain and ensure the good welfare of workers in the workplace as well as supports of good management-worker relationship.

In the third and the last level of this framework, illustration is the workplace level. This is the interaction stage. It entails the activities through which different stakeholders that are the workers the supervisors together with the representatives interact and relate to each other on a daily basis. On a daily basis challenges and problems emerges daily hence there is need to overcome those challenges to achieve the desired or the anticipated outcomes (Bendix, 2001). The day-to-day challenges at workplace entail conflict among the employee and even down or up the ladder. Therefore, sufficient resolution and dispute settling strategies are very essential at this stage of labor relations building.

Therefore, this framework posits that the proper coordination and interactions of the three levels of activities are imperative in labor relations building. The three tiers, workplace, functional and strategic levels are the primary components of the effective economic environment that foster good labor relations.                                        

Fig 1.1. The three-tiered approach to the study of labor relations in emerging countries

In conclusion, labor relations are very essential in the day-to-day organizational operations. It is critical not only because of it foster and maintains good management- worker employee but also enhancement of quality production. Labor relation is very vital in the society significant since it promotes the following in the economic world. Technological advancement especially in the sector communication has brought a lot or controversies and difficulties in the field of labor relations a good example being the Uber taxis that highly resisted by the unions.   

Reference list

Chaisson, G. N. (2006). Unions in America. Thousand Oaks [u.a.: Sage.

Clark, P. F., Delaney, J. T., & Frost, A. C. (2002). Collective bargaining in the private sector. Champaign, Ill.

Colosi, T. R., Berkeley, A. E., & American Arbitration Association. (2006). Collective bargaining: How it works and why: a manual of theory and practice. Huntington, New York: Juris Pub.

Oakley, S. (2002). Labor relations in China's socialist market economy: Adapting to the global market. Westport, Conn: Quorum Books.

Bonanno, A., & Cavalcanti, J. S. B. (2014). Labor relations in globalized food. Bingley, U.K: Emerald.

Blanpain, R., Tiraboschi, M., & Arellano, O. P. A. (2008). The global labor market: From globalization to flexicurity. Austin: Wolters Kluwer Law & Business.

Tiraboschi, M. (2014). Labour law and industrial relations in recessionary times: The Italian labor ties in a global economy.  Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2014.

Colling, T., & Terry, M. (2010). Industrial Relations: Theory and practice. Chichester: J. Willey & Sons.

Bendix, S. (2001). Industrial relations in South Africa. Lansdowne: Juta.

Elders as a human resource to a solve a social problem

            Resources include persons, organizations or equipments used to improve the life quality.  Elders have the experience and wisdom that other societies can benefit from.  Rather than neglecting them and making them depend on others, the engagement of elders can help in the survival and flourish. They can be the people that provide unity with tradition and join the conflicting agencies for special causes.  The elders are the most growing group and the underutilized resource. Humanity covers the problems that the elders can address.  In the use of the market economies where tasks must have monetary values, the contributions of the elderly to the society are not valued.  Re-involvement of the elderly into the society can save humanity from involuntarily adjusting into a technology driven society.  This makes the futurists predict an economy of robots that does work for each other.  Investing a little and involving the elderly in the communities can raise the health and fitness of the elderly and improve the existence of the community (Crone, 2011).  

            People experience social problems individually.  For instance, people are poor and unemployed.  We have heard of these persons and it is hard to take their problems as their own and blame their hardships.  Sociology has a different approach on this; it stresses that personal problems root from problems coming from the society itself.  On an elderly person approaches the use of social imaginations to understand the current social problems.  They stress the unemployment issue.  An elder person argues that unemployment can be due to the laziness or lack of good manners. This means that employment can be as a personal problem.  When people are not working, it becomes a community issue because the structure of the opportunities has failed.  The elders consider the economic and the political issues on solving a problem like this in the society (Crone, 2011). 

            Eating disorders is another social problem that the elderly explains.  They consider the eating habits as individual problems that basis from deficiency and lack of confidence. This explanation is clear though it does not aid us in accepting why people have individual difficulties that cause consumption conditions.  For instance in America, women have the highest eating disorders. This gender difference allows the elderly solve social problems on answering the questions on what it means by being a woman in the American community and what makes the eating disorders common (Crone, 2011). 

            Describing the disorders, the elderly looks at the beauty conditions for women and focusing on their slender body.  They continue to explain that if the cultural condition does not occur, less American females would suffer from the eating illnesses than on the current situation. However, because it now exists and even if every woman with a consumption condition cures, others would still develop the habit unless this cultural standard is changed.  They explain showing that eating disorders are public issues and not personal problems. In addition, they argue that Americans think that communal difficulties such as scarcity and joblessness root from individual faults of those experiencing the problems but not from physical problems in the society.  They claim that people should think of communal difficulties as individual rather than community matters and this will help solve the problems (Crone, 2011). 

            To help acknowledge the sufferer beliefs, the elderly considers why the poor children in urban areas learn little in schools.  They say that the parents of the children do not care about the education of the children and thus fail to teach them good learning habits and discourage them in taking schooling seriously.  This answer applies to some parents but does not engage an important reason that is the shape of the American countryside schools, which they say, are overcrowded and have poor learning equipments. In order to advance the schooling in urban areas, the elderly decides for school improvement and not only doing the parent promotion (Kreuter, De Rosa, Howze, & Baldwin, 2004).  

            This solution shows that blaming the victim gives answers to the social problems that are dissimilar from those proven by a physical method of the blame scheme.  If the subject suffers the liability, people can devote their incomplete money to cover the particular failures of people who struggle from poverty and other problems.  If we rather put fault on the scheme, we can therefore emphasize our consideration on specific social problems that cause these hardships (Kreuter, De Rosa, Howze, & Baldwin, 2004). 

            The sociological approach of these problems suggests that the final approach needs to help us compact successfully with the social problems that people face daily.   In response to this, the elderly argues that a strong society that demonstrates a strong social connection and rules to effective socialization need to protect social order from engaging. Without a strong society as warned, social orders diminish and violence and other signs of social disorders arise.  They continue to claim that socialization helps people understand the societal rules and the need to oblige as people end up approving on the important values.  As a result, social integration helps us socialize and integrate us into the society improving our lives (Andersen& Taylor, 2008). 

Reference

Andersen, M. L., & Taylor, H. F. (2008). Sociology: Understanding a diverse society. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth/Thomson Learning.        

Crone, J. A. (2011). How can we solve our social problems?. Los Angeles: Pine Forge Press.

Kreuter, M. W., De Rosa, C., Howze, E. H., & Baldwin, G. T. (2004). Understanding wicked problems: a key to advancing environmental health promotion. Health education & behavior, 31(4), 441-454.

Business Process Management

This is a systematic methodology of enabling an organization to be able to manage its workflow in a very effective way (Brocke & Rosemann, 2014). In addition Business Process Management (BPM) allows an organization to be able to work more efficiently hence adapting to the fluctuating marketing environment. BPM is therefore a set of actions which are geared upon accomplishing the goals of an organization. BPM therefore leads to a reduction in human error, and it also helps in managing miscommunications, thus focusing the employees and the stakeholders to work according to their stipulated roles. BPM is also a management tool which is mainly concerned with upholding and improving the organization’s main operations (Smith, 2013).

BPM is usually a link within an organization between the IT department and the line of Business. Employing the use of BPM in Enterprises Airways will consequently help in allowing the company to be able to have a proper communication system, whereby the management will be able to easily communicate with different departments in the company, thus ensuring that proper understanding and agreements are reached without any problems at all (Brocke & Rosemann, 2014). In addition, BPM will also enable the company in being able to redesign different processes in the company, thus being able to focus on the objectives of the strategy (Smith, 2013). Moreover, it will also help the company in being able to come up with very clear and measurable objectives, hence being able to achieve its long-term goals of expanding into an international company.

Enterprise Airways is currently facing poor communication and management and the transfer of information, which tends to make the operations of the company to be very slow. BPM deals with such issues, in the sense that it continuously monitors the business strategies which have been set by the company (Smith, 2013). In so doing, it ensures that the company is able to deal with problems that it had been experiencing, thus being able to reach its future goals (Brocke & Rosemann, 2014). Moreover, through monitoring the given strategies, the company will be able to have a follow up of how each and every strategy is helping the company in being able to reach its goals. In addition, the company will be able to understand the underlying problems which are hindering it from being able to achieve its goals, thus coming up with different techniques of dealing with such issues.

BPM contains different tools which are responsible for the provision of previous data, tables, charts, maps and matrices (Smith, 2013). This therefore helps the management of the company in being able to critically analyze and understand the marketing trends of Enterprise Airways Company, thus being able to understand how the marketing trends behave, and thus coming up with the possible ways of how to avoid facing the problems that it had been facing previously. This move will therefore help Enterprise Airways in being able to regain its market share, thus being able to gain profits. Furthermore, since the company is looking for possible ways of expanding its services, BPM will therefore help in coming up with such strategies (Brocke & Rosemann, 2014). BPM will therefore provide guidelines, which the company will be able to use in order to come up with very effective strategies which will enable the company to be able to budget and come up with a concrete decision, which will see it being able to avoid facing the challenges which is currently facing.

Reference

In Brocke, J. ., & In Rosemann, M. (2014). Handbook on business process management: 2.

Smith, R. F. (2013). Business process management and the balanced scorecard: Using processes as strategic drivers. Hoboken, N.J: Wiley.