Questions and Topics We Can Help You To Answer:
Paper Instructions:

Written paper Assignment

•    Introduction
•    Methods, 
•    Results, and Discussion
SAS code in a separate file

Total < 15 pages, < 4 tables, citations, 
This assignment IS graded.
Please see below instructions:
For this project, students may choose one of four publicly available datasets: 
1) The 2017 Community Health Survey (CHS), conducted by the New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene. CHS is a cross sectional telephone survey conducted annually by the NYCDOH. Students interested in using this dataset should use the most up-to-date data (2010). The data in SAS and documentation is available online at: https://www1.nyc.gov/site/doh/data/data-sets/community-health-survey-public-use-data.page. The data are available in SAS. 
2) 2013-14 NYC Health and Nutrition Examination Survey is a population-based cross sectional study among a sample of non-institutionalized New York City residents age 20 or older. It was modeled on the national NHANES and includes data from interviews, physical examination and laboratory tests on a number of health behaviors and outcomes. The data is available in SAS at: http://nychanes.org/data//. Note the weights used vary depending on the variables you include in your analysis. 
3) 2017 Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YBRS). The Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS) has been conducted by the National Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in odd-numbered years since 1997. The surveys' primary purpose is to monitor priority health risk behaviors that contribute to the leading causes of mortality, morbidity, and social problems among youth in the USA. Students complete a self-administered, anonymous questionnaire that measures a variety of behaviors, including tobacco, alcohol and drug use, and violence, sexual behaviors, dietary behaviors, and physical activity. The data is available online at: https://www.cdc.gov/healthyyouth/data/yrbs/data.htm. The data is provided as an ASCII file or an Access file and SAS code for opening the data is also provided (although sometimes quirky). 
4) The Global School Based Student Health Survey (GSHS) from the World Health Organization & the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). GSHS is a school-based survey conducted in various countries primarily among students aged 13–15 years that aims to provide data on health behaviors and protective factors related to the leading causes of mortality and morbidity among children. The data and documentation (code book, etc.) are available online at: https://www.cdc.gov/GSHS/ The data are available in SAS (as well as other formats). You should probably focus on one country if using this data, and you might want to choose a country with more recent data so that your analysis is more relevant. 
**All four datasets have population weights, which should be used to apply the descriptive statistics and analytic results to the total population rather than just the study sample, and were collected using a complex sampling scheme that needs to be taken into account during analysis. The weighting and sampling scheme can be taken into account in SAS for most statistical tests you would want to run. More complicated analyses might require SUDAAN, which is beyond the scope of this class. Note that it is also possible to analyze this type of data in STATA, R, and, if you have the complex sampling module add-on, in SPSS, but for this course we will be using SAS. The websites for the data sets have instructions for how to analyze the data and students should refer to those instructions when planning and conducting their analyses. 

Instructions:

Describe the dataset you will use for your paper, what outcomes and exposures you want to look at specifically description of:

1.Planned paper topic and data set to be used for project and 

2. Structured argument justifying paper topic with citations:
Briefly describe what you found online about the
•             Study participants (eligibility, recruitment, participation rate, consent)
•             Data collection procedures
•             Data management procedures
•    Ethical considerations

3. Choose an outcome, a key exposure, to propose a hypothesis for why you think the outcome would be related to the exposure and in what direction, and what other variables to consider impacting the relationship with exposure and outcome.

4. Describe how your outcome and exposure variables are coded, their frequency (unweighted) and what recode, if any, you might make.

5.Based on the frequencies in the code book, what are your outcome and primary exposure(s)?  Do these variables have (1) sufficient variation for analysis, (2) any small cells, and (3) will you recode the variables?  If so, how?

Please see the rubric below to help organize your thinking and research plan.  

It would help moving forward to make much more explicit your:
1) outcome of interest
2) exposure of interest

Generally, it would be best for you to work with one outcome and one exposure. If you do one exposure and two outcomes or two exposures and one outcome then you would need to do two sets of analyses. You are welcome but not required to do this double amount of work. Similarly, if you did two exposures and two outcomes you would have to do four analyses; I strongly discourage this as it would be too much work proportional to the time available in this class. 

3) your hypothesized relationship between your exposure and outcome (with directionality)

4) specify several key covariates and a clear reason why each should be examined as covariates

5) your denominator for your outcome and the numerator for your outcome 

6) the numerator and denominator of the exposure (either yes/no or distribution if not dichotomous) 

7) specify the population this numerator and denominator of exposure and outcome apply to

Remember that your document must adhere to the following guidelines:

•    Use Microsoft Word
•    Double-space
•    Paginate
•    Include your name on each page either in the header or footer
•    Use 12-point font
•    Use 1-inch margins
•    Use EndNote for references
•    Include Table(s) in the manuscript Word document after bibliography or as separate Excel or PDF file(s)
•    Include data cleaning and statistical analysis syntax (SAS syntax, well-organized and labeled) after Tables at the end of the manuscript as an Appendix or as a separate file
•    The manuscript should be formatted for a specific journal where the manuscript could theoretically be submitted 
o    If no preferred journal is identified, format for AJPH (https://ajph.aphapublications.org/authorinstructions)
o    You do not need to include extra-manuscript components such as highlights, funding, acknowledgements, or conflicts of interest
o    You may include an abstract if you choose to  

Questions and Topics We Can Help You To Answer:
Paper Instructions:

If you had unlimited time and funds, describe how you would use a community-based participatory research project to design an intervention that could improve management of obesity among your community members. How would you get your community members involved in the project? How would your project fit into one of the six fundamental areas of Wagner’s Chronic Care Model? How would you evaluate the outcomes of your project? USE below website and videos:
http://www.ihi.org/resources/Pages/Changes/ChangestoImproveChronicCare.aspx
Edward Wagner: The Chronic Care Model and Integrated Care (13:26)
https://youtu.be/K-z6HjRkKSc
• The Primary Care Team Guide’s Why Practice Team-Based Care (1:31) and What Does Team-Based Care Look Like (2:06)
http://www.improvingprimarycare.org

Questions and Topics We Can Help You To Answer:
Paper Instructions:

option #2: Creating Change for the Emergency Department using Force Field Analysis
Scenario: The CEO, Emergency Department Director and you having been reviewing the data concerning ED throughput. There has been a significant rise in ED patient visits from 32,000/year to 45,000/year as well as the patient acuity has risen requiring the use of additional ancillary services (e.g., radiology, laboratory services) which is creating much bottleneck in patient flow. As a result, patients are leaving without being seen, increasing the rate from 3% to an all-time high of 10%.

The CEO would like you to perform a force field analysis to identify the factors that will lead to creating change and getting the ED stabilized with the new volume of patients. The CEO has requested that you provide a presentation to the ED Steering Committee (e.g., ED physicians, ED Director, charge nurses, and staff members) about your force field analysis findings. The ED Steering Committee’s will be essential in creating change for the department.

Guide: You can use the data from the case study that preceded Chapter 1 in the textbook in assisting you in the force field analysis.

Requirements:

The presentation should be 8 slides in length, excluding the title and reference slides.
Each slide must provide detailed speaker’s notes that are a minimum of 100 words. The notes must draw from and cite relevant reference materials.
The presentation must be submitted as a PowerPoint file (.ppt) – do not submit the presentation as a PDF file.
Use terms, evidence, and concepts from class readings.
You need to cite at least 3 sources for this assignment, outside of the textbook. The CSU-Global Library (Links to an external site.) is a great place to find resources. Your paper must be formatted according to CSU-Global Guide to Writing and APA Requirements. (Links to an external site.)

Questions and Topics We Can Help You To Answer:
Paper Instructions:

Read the Article and briefly Talk about it: https://khn.org/morning-breakout/clean-needles-important-injected-heroin-use-might-explain-rising-rates-of-hepatitis-c-study-finds/

The Topic I picked was: Clean Needles Important’: Injected Heroin Use Might Explain Rising Rates Of Hepatitis C, Study Finds

Questions and Topics We Can Help You To Answer:
Paper Instructions:

Environmental Assessment/Survey 

-Go to Scorecard.goodguide.com and enter the zip code of the community in which your chosen family resides. -01028 east long meadow Massachusetts USA

Review the pollution scorecard for your chosen family’s community.

*****You will answer the questions below each in APA format and then additionally complete a Narrative. Write up your assessment including the following:

-How your chosen family’s county stacks up. (Look at “rank counties”). 

Apply your findings to your chosen assessment family’s community. 

1) Discuss the community and the issues for your chosen assessment family’s community as it compares to other counties. 

2) Identify the “top” polluter in the county in which your chosen family resides and discuss interventions that can be used by your family to guard against the effects of the pollutant.

3) Identify one “top” chemical released in your/family county and how this chemical can pose health risks for your family. 

4) Discuss interventions that can assist your chosen assessment family to maintain health.
% of houses with “high risk” of lead hazards. 

5) Discuss the age of your family’s home as well as possible lead hazards in the home. Discuss interventions that can help the chosen assessment family
***Age of house is 1831


Then After answering one through five in APA format: Write up the narrative that is separate of your family environmental assessment as follows: In 200-250 words summarize your findings and potential health impact on your chosen family.

Questions and Topics We Can Help You To Answer:
Paper Instructions:

Use five or six  of this vocabulary on the essay

Vocabulary for Unit Five
These are the vocabulary words for Unit 5.  Remember to incorporate them into your Discussion Board in this unit.
Plausible      Objectivity      Substantiated
Integrity        Effusive          Superfluous
Sanction      Fabricated      Ambiguous
Ambivalent


Writer's Notebook 5.2
For your final Writer's notebook in this course, you will create an outline for the argument essay. Use one of the outline templates provided in the previous lesson "Basic Argument Essay Structure."  You can then use the outline to help you focus and organize the first draft of your argument.

Reasons Followed By Counterarguments
I. Introduction
        Necessary Background
        Thesis
II. First Reason
        Topic Sentence
        Evidence & Explanation
        Wrap-up / connect to the thesis
III. Second Reason (same as above)
IV. Continue with more reasons
V.  Refute Counterarguments (Counterargument
paragraphs can go anywhere, but they often go
toward the end)
VI. Conclusion
          Might include a call to action
          Or a statement of the implications    Reason/Counterargument
I. Introduction
          Necessary Background
          Thesis
II. First Reason
          Topic Sentence
          Evidence
          Wrap-up
III. Refute counterarguments (if necessary)
IV. Second reason (same as II.)
V.  Refute counterarguments (if necessary)
VI. Continue with this pattern
VII. Conclusion
          Might include a call to action
          Or a statement of implications

Guidelines for Essay #3 – Argument

Argument Essay Assignment
Assignment Description
For this essay, you should choose a topic from the Gale resource on Opposing Viewpoints (see below) and write a 4-5 page essay that argues a clearly defined position about that topic. The essay should have an introduction that has a clear thesis statement and demonstrates the relevance of your topic, several body paragraphs that each make focused claims, and a conclusion.
In upper level courses, you will often be asked to demonstrate your ability to converse with other scholars in your field. Your job is to change the reader’s mind about a particular subject and persuade the reader into believing your argument. Your paper must be written so that it is accessible to readers from a different perspective. In other words, be fair and unbiased when acknowledging what others say about your topic, but then prove why they are wrong using logical reasons and credible evidence. In this essay, you must synthesize various sources while persuading the reader to accept your viewpoint. You do not want to simply report what others are saying, but engage in a dialogue with them.
Purpose and Learning Objectives
The purpose of this assignment is to practice persuasive writing and synthesis of sources. You will increase your critical thinking skills by analyzing yours and others’ assumptions, evaluating multiple perspectives, and developing a clear position. Writing, research, and eloquent written expression are vital for a successful future. You will express all of these skills in this assignment. This essay will be used as the English department assessment for the Texas Higher Education Coordinating Board’s mandated core curriculum assessment of Student Learning Outcomes (SLO). This essay will address the SLO objectives of critical thinking and written communication.
Your research paper should demonstrate the following learning objectives:
•    Awareness of the audience to whom you are speaking
•    Awareness of the purpose of your argument
•    Ability to enter into a scholarly conversation
•    Ability to write a qualified and narrow argumentative thesis statement
•    Ability to synthesize information from various sources
•    Ability to craft an argument with different types of relevant, credible, and detailed support
•    Ability to research  and identify academic sources
•    Ability to summarize, paraphrase, and quote while citing correctly in MLA to avoid plagiarism
•    Ability to converse in standard, academic English
Minimum Requirements
•    1,200-1,500 word essay (4-5 pages)
•    An interesting and informative title
•    A clearly stated thesis in the introduction that articulates your position and what you want to argue in your paper.
•    Logical and clear reasons supporting your argument
•    A document formatted in correct MLA format
•    5 sources (peer-reviewed journals, books, and reliable web sources)
o    One of your sources must disagree with your argument and be used to create a counterargument. A counterargument occurs when you show what the opposing side claims and then refutes that side. For instance, if I am arguing that public schools should require children to be vaccinated unless a documented medical reason prohibits vaccination, then I might cite a source that argues that vaccinations are dangerous. I would show one or two main reasons the source gives and then show why those reasons are invalid as I prove my point about the need for vaccines.
•    A refutation of opposing arguments (in the counterargument)
•    A synthesis of sources; do not simply summarize your source material, but show how they are connected and respond to them.
•    A works cited page in MLA format with corresponding in-text citations. The works cited page should be included in the same document as your essay.

Questions and Topics We Can Help You To Answer:
Paper Instructions:

Outline the process of cell necrosis, and describe the cause and explain the effect of an external factor that induces necrosis’

Questions and Topics We Can Help You To Answer:
Paper Instructions:

Develop a professional product to improve care or the patient experience related to the identified health problem with a 2-4 page summary of intervention findings, evidence, and best-practice basis for the professional product.

Questions and Topics We Can Help You To Answer:
Paper Instructions:

Discuss how your microsystem (See attached) is organized and financed, and the effect on client care. For example, what impact does public and private reimbursement policies and mechanisms have on client care decisions.

Questions and Topics We Can Help You To Answer:
Paper Instructions:

Please use APA
reference and citation format


Listen to this TED talk about poverty by Mia Birdsong:

https://www.ted.com/talks/mia_birdsong_the_story_we_tell_about_poverty_isn_t_true 

In the video, the speaker gives several examples of people who are working hard to improve their circumstances and improve their communities.

QUESTIONS TO ANSWER 

(1) Think of some challenges that these people may face in accomplishing their goals. Give one example of a program or policy that we could create or improve that would help them overcome these challenges. Be creative and think big!

(2) How would your proposed change affect child health and well-being, either directly or indirectly?

Questions and Topics We Can Help You To Answer:
Paper Instructions:

“Newborn screening and haematopoietic stem cell transplantation, have made a major impact on the diagnosis, and management of severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID)” 
Discuss the full implications of this statement.  Discuss whether, in your opinion, the statement is a reflection of the current immunological awareness and practice in this area of study, or whether you have an alternative view.