Questions and Topics We Can Help You To Answer: Paper Instructions:
Choose ONE interesting scene (one image) from Grilled and Basted Edo-Born Playboy (1785) and briefly discuss all of the following: what is going on in the scene? What specific pleasure quarter custom or contemporary assumption about romance is made fun of? What exactly is the humor in the scene? Don’t forget to indicate the page number of the scene you discuss. Use footnotes for all citations. 20. Indicate page numbers for all citations. 21. Your citations should adhere to the notes and bibliography system outlined in The Chicago Manual of Style. Chicago-Style Citation Quick Guide: http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/tools_citationguide.html The Chicago Manual of Style Online (HKU Library subscription): http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/ER/detail/hkul/5071489
Questions and Topics We Can Help You To Answer: Paper Instructions:
For the final project of the certificate in arts program, I would like to present a program curriculum that can potentially be used to bring Jewish arts to Devon Avenue in West Rogers Park. In my presentation, I would reference and gather resources from both Jewish sources as well as civic tools, such as the Chicago cultural plan (http://accelerateculture.org/cultural-plan) as well as opportunities presented by the City of Chicago.
I’d like to suggest that you add some structure to your proposal as an organizing framework.
1. Rationale and overview: Why is this important, who is it for, what scale do you have in mind? 2. Plan for 6 months, year, 18 months, 24 months. 3. Budget needs, personnel, space, permits 4. Budget sources 5. Political background work such as alderman, neighborhood groups, parks groups and timelines necessary. 6. Projects and events. Specific models to be used, new ideas, uses of social media, uses of traditional media. Will this be outdoor/indoor? 7. How it fits with larger plans such as City of Chicago Accelerate Culture below. 8. Means of assessment
This presentation can be either in PowerPoint or written form.
According to the Center for Disease Control and Prevention(2018), "34.2 million people of all ages had diabetes". Diabetes is defined as a condition where the body does not properly process food for energy. The pancreas which makes the hormone insulin either is deficient in producing insulin or makes none at all. Insulin helps the body to move glucose through the body and into the cells(Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2020). It is crucial that diabetic patients take insulin properly to effectively manage their diabetes. This paper will review insulin administration safety and how insulin administration impacts the care of patients.
There are several steps when safely administering insulin to a patient. The nurse should use The six rights of administration, which include right patient, right medication, right dose, right time, right route, and right documentation. Before the administration of the dose of insulin it is recommended to do a proper glucose test, from the results of this test is how the proper amount of insulin is to be given. Some common errors in insulin administration include inaccurate dosing, improper injection of medication and inaccurate timing of the medication.
Introduction.
Insulin administration is associated with the diabetes condition associated with the blood sugar levels where the pancreases fail to produce insulin completely or fails to produce the right amount. Diabetes is controlled by administering insulin in the patient's body as the patient cannot get a long-lasting treatment. This causes the condition to be a lifelong condition controlled through ongoing medication on the patient and the patient being involved in the self-management through measures that enable them to survive the condition. The diabetes condition is of two types: type diabetes one and type 2; type 1 diabetes is controlled through insulin therapy through the administration of insulin in the patient's body. Type 2 diabetes is given to patients who fail to control insulin introduction, diet, and life modification therapy. The insulin procedure requires safety measures on the administration, timing, dosing according to the condition, lifestyle-based therapy, and medication changes.
Type 1 diabetes is involved in the lifelong ibn therapy associated with the insulin administration done through the self-monitoring of their blood sugar levels. In case the patient calls for long-term management on the condition, trained medical personnel is involved in insulin therapy. The administration of insulin in the type one patient requires the patient to have at least two doses per day according to the dose's strength (Garg, et al., 2017). The insulin is introduced in the body through an injection or through the subcutaneous insulin infusion to restore the insulin kinetic profile physiologically (Bergenstal, et al., 2017). Food ingestion in the patient causes the basal level of insulin secretion as the secretion is at the peak when food is ingested. The recommended dose of insulin should be observed to reduce increased blood sugar levels and the advancement of the condition to type 2 diabetes; thus, the patient should ensure they maintain the self-observation measure.
In the type 2 diabetes patient, the key aspect is to reduce hypoglycemia through the optimum insulin therapy that plays a role in the improvement of glycemic control. This condition can be controlled by administering insulin in the patient's body by first determining the insulin application procedure. In the case of administering the basal insulin, the physician or the patient in the self-management procedures should understand that it requires once daily dosing, unlike other forms of medication that require two (Davies, et al. 2018). The management for diabetes type 2 is thus done by observing the insulin level to maintain the glycemic control and the change in the therapeutic goals reducing the cases of hypoglycemia. The failure of maintaining the glucose blood level is associated with the hypoglycemia that is caused by insulin omission on the patient.
In type 2 diabetes, where the patient fails to maintain glycemic control by administering oral antidiabetic drugs, insulin initiation is made necessary. The proper administration of insulin is known to cause and reduce glucose poisoning, thus improving glycemic control and slowing its effects (Demir, et al. 2021). The patients receiving the basal insulin are associated with the need for additional treatment of the condition through the additional mealtime insulin that can be attained by changing the medication to premixed insulin. The medication's fear is associated with the complex procedure in applying the medication for type 2 diabetes. The basal insulin is known to have both the mealtime and the physiological Insulin response from the later medication but has additional injections, including three to five injections per dose.
The failure in medication with the type 2 patients with diabetes calls for the switch from the insulin administration to the rapid action insulin administered before, the application of two injection doses, or the switch to the premixed insulin. Insulin degludec is a component in insulin administration made up of the rapid-acting insulin and the ultra-insulin in the solution form enabling the drug to enhance glucose control quickly (Glastras, et al. 2020). The drug is associated with the advantages of low injection burden. It is considered flexible in its administration timing. The risks of hypoglycemia are reduced, making the case easy in changing the medication. The medication advantages make the case too good in controlling diabetes as the long effects make the disease control easy and manageable. The treatment using the improve medication reduces the cases of added injection associated with the basal insulin medication.
The following of the dose and medication in the insulin administration is involved in both the patient, through the self-observation procedure where they monitor the level of blood sugar in their body, case, and physician's case. The type 1 diabetes medication is easy, and administration of the insulin easy as it lacks the complex procedures associated with type two insulin administration. To ensure safety in the administration, the patient should ensure they understand the medication and the frequency of administration as different medication takes different patterns in reducing hypoglycemia, especially to type 2 medication. The changing of medication is done after an observation by both the patient and the doctor on the previous medication's failure to provide the effect; thus, diagnosis is done to determine the right medication of the insulin. The lifestyle-based medication also associates the medication on diabetes in reducing blood sugars, especially to the type 1 medication patients.
References
Bergenstal, R. M., Bailey, T. S., Rodbard, D., Ziemen, M., Guo, H., Muehlen-Bartmer, I., & Ahmann, A. J. (2017). Comparison of insulin glargine 300 units/mL and 100 units/mL in adults with type 1 diabetes: continuous glucose monitoring profiles and variability using morning or evening injections. Diabetes Care, 40(4), 554-560.
Davies, M. J., D’Alessio, D. A., Fradkin, J., Kernan, W. N., Mathieu, C., Mingrone, G., ... & Buse, J. B. (2018). Management of hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes, 2018. A consensus report by the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD). Diabetes care, 41(12), 2669-2701.
Demir, T., Turan, S., Unluhizarci, K., Topaloglu, O., Tukek, T., & Gogas Yavuz, D. (2021). Use of Insulin Degludec/Insulin Aspart in the Management of Diabetes Mellitus: Expert Panel Recommendations on Appropriate Practice Patterns. Frontiers in Endocrinology, 12, 77.
Garg, S. K., Henry, R. R., Banks, P., Buse, J. B., Davies, M. J., Fulcher, G. R., ... & Strumph, P. (2017). Effects of sotagliflozin added to insulin in patients with type 1 diabetes. New England Journal of Medicine, 377(24), 2337-2348.
Glastras, S. J., Cohen, N., Dover, T., Kilov, G., MacIsaac, R. J., McGill, M., & Fulcher, G. R. (2020). The clinical role of insulin degludec/insulin aspart in type 2 diabetes: an empirical perspective from experience in Australia. Journal of clinical medicine, 9(4), 1091.
Buddhist Art in China from the 4th Century to the 13th Century
Over the years, Buddhism has extended from the Sramana tradition from the eastern part of Ancient India. Since the establishment, there has been a change in dynamics and the focus away from Historical Buddha Shakyamuni. As a result, there has been the incorporation of various divine Buddha and bodhisattvas mandated in plaiting instructors and defenders' roles. There have been two principal bodhisattvas in China, namely Avalokiteshvara (Guanyin) and Manjushri (Wenshu) (Ch'En, 2015). The Former was the epitome of the prudence of sympathy, whereas the latter was a representation of significant, profound wisdom that is affiliated with spirits. The existence of these two Buddhas by the 10th century led to a perception that there was a need to show them in the scope of structures. Therefore, the art depicted the Avalokiteshvara as a woman. This explains and clarifies the early Western impression of this godliness as female.
In China, Buddhism was a commonly known religion even before the second century B.C. There were Monks from other countries who acted as educators and interpreters, and they have been in China continuously in the 2nd century A.D (Wong, 2018). these claims can be quantified through the early portrayals of Buddhas once in a while found in burial chambers dating to the second and third hundreds of years. In any case, there is little proof for broad creation and utilization of pictures until the fourth century. During this time, there was China's division, especially the north, which was regularly heavily influenced by non–Han Chinese people from Central Asia. Notwithstanding available figures, various pictures were also carved at temples, such as Dunhuang, Yungang, and Longmen. This indicates that China had embraced Buddhist Art by the fourth century. It was easy for the Chinese to promote it because the Monks had taught them, and it was being embraced.
Therefore, the period between the 4th and 10th centuries was set apart by the turn of events and blooming traditions known to the Chinese. Some of these traditions included Pure Land that cantered around the Buddha Amitabha and the Bodhisattva Avalokiteshvara, and Chan (or Zen). The tradition advocated for dedication and having faith as the significant enlightening aspect. On the other hand, Chan highlighted contemplation and care during day-by-day exercises. Notably, the two customs are additionally predominant in Korea and Japan.
The period between 4th and 5th centuries were overall scholarly mature on the art. It was a time of incredible scholars, for example, Socrates and Plato, Confucius and Laozi. In India, it was the Buddha's age, after whose passing a religion built up that in the end spread a long ways past its country. Siddhartha, the sovereign who was to turn into the Buddha, was naturally introduced to the illustrious group of Kapilavastu, a little realm in the Himalayan lower regions. He had a divine conception and supernatural birth, at which sages anticipated that he would turn into an all-inclusive winner, both of the actual world or men's psyches (Lee, 2020). It was the last triumph that happened. Surrendering the delights of the castle to look for the genuine reason forever. Siddhartha initially attempted the way of extreme austerity but tarnished it after six years as a useless exercise. He plunked down in yogic reflection underneath a bodhi tree until he accomplished the kind of enlightenment he wanted. Therefore, he was referred to as the Buddha.
The Buddha's incinerated relics were isolated into a few segments and set in relic coffins buried inside huge hemispherical hills known as stupas. Such stupas establish the focal landmark of Buddhist religious buildings. They were the source of explorers' attraction from all over the world who encounter the concealed presence of the Buddha (Tremblay, 2007). However, these areas were regarded sacred, and they were accessed through doors at the four cardinal focuses.
The subsequent Gupta period between the fourth and 6th century A.D occasionally alluded to as a Golden Age in northern India. The period is perceived to have produced the perfect picture of the Buddha. This was accomplished by joining chosen attributes from the Gandharan region with the seductive structure made by Mathura artisans. Gupta Buddhas have their hair organized in small individual twists. The robes have an organization of strings to recommend curtain folds or short sheaths similar to Sarnath. With their descending look and magical emanation, Gupta Buddhas turned into the model for people in the future of specialists, regardless of period or regions they existed (Berger, 2003). Explorers along the Silk Road likewise took Gupta metal pictures of the Buddha to China.
Other types of Buddhism elaborate a growing pantheon and more intricate customs throughout the next centuries. This later Buddhism presented the idea of great bodhisattvas just as goddesses, of whom the most mainstream was Tara. Nepal and Tibet have been the custodian of the art, with wonderful metal pictures and canvases being delivered. New divinities were made and depicted in both sculptures and drawn parchments. Pictures of a more elusive nature, portraying god and goddess in a hug, were delivered to show the mystical idea that salvation came about because of the association of shrewdness (female) and sympathy (male).
Moreover, after the eighth century, new Indic and Central Asian practices were likewise found in China. These included a dedication to the heavenly Buddha Vairocana, new and unique appearances of bodhisattvas. A good example was Avalokiteshvara that utilized infinite graphs, for example, mandalas. A significant number of these practices were proposed to secure the country and offer apparent advantages. For example, the focus was on the wellbeing and riches, to the decision of world class. Others included complicated ceremonies and types of dedication intended for highly ranked professionals.
The Chinese Buddhist model outlines trades among China and other Buddhist communities. Works with extraordinary physical make-ups and dainty apparel from Indian models, while figures those slender element bodies with thick dress show a Chinese colloquialism (Lee, 2020). Most artists blend these visual traditions. After the 11th and 12th century, when Buddhism vanished from India, China, and related focuses in Korea and Japan, just as the Himalayas was the central focus for the advancement of practices and symbolism.
References
Berger, P. A. (2003). Empire of emptiness: Buddhist art and political authority in Qing China. University of Hawaii Press.
Ch'En, K. K. S. (2015). Chinese Tranformation of Buddhism. Princeton University Press.
Lee, S. S. (2020). Buddhist Art and Architecture. In Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Asian History.
Tremblay, X. (2007). The spread of Buddhism in Serindia—Buddhism among Iranians, tocharians and Turks before the 13th century. In The spread of Buddhism (pp. 75-129). Brill.
Wong, D. C. (2018). Buddhist pilgrim-monks as agents of cultural and artistic transmission: The international Buddhist art style in East Asia, ca. 645-770. NUS Press.
Transformation Care for Winterbourne View Hospital
Abstract
The cases of the oppression and discrimination of people with mental health disorders and autism have become a common occurrence causing the need for the transformation. The research aims to test for the response transformation care at winterbourne view hospital which is associated with health care services for the mentally disable and people with autism. They aimed to improve the services provided to the patients to ensure that the services provided to the patient with mental disability and autism patient-centred. The research involved qualitative research where questionnaires were presented and interviews to the patient health workers and visitors. The results indicated among the challenges for the implementation were poor and inadequate staffing of the hospitals, poor leadership among other factors, and cases of oppression on the patients by the health worker which translated to a poor culture of the hospital. Cases reported indicated that the oppression and discrimination involved the beating and hindering visitation of the patients by their relatives. In conclusion, the main cause of all the issues at winterbourne view hospital is associated with lack of management which translated to poor staffing and poor-quality services to the service user. This has led to the recommendation on the improvement and adoption of high-performing managers in the management to ensure good project management in implementing the policies. Also, pry preparation for the program before implementation to ensure that the success of the program.
Executive summary
The lack of leadership in the winterbourne view hospital was one of the big failures that lead to the failure of the hospital to implement the transformation policy. The bill required the facility to adopt the patient-centered where the services to the patient are prioritized.
The sensitivity of the abusive case created an avenue for change where the patient care and protection were changed by the service provider. The health care workers who were to give the services to the patient were the ones offering abusive services to them.
The facilities could not take the reformation needed to have developed structure and specialists that are to need from the transformation of the health care services. The change to patient-oriented services provision creates new opportunities that require specialists.
The use of abusive means created a wider picture as it involved going against the human right that restricts the use of force on patients, this case was representative of what patients go through in the other care providing facilities.
The human right policy grants all the citizen the same right to be free from oppression despite their condition making the case on winterbourne an abstraction of human rights. The abusive means used in the hospital by the health caregiver exposes them to the threat of closure for abusing patient.
Implementation of the transformation requires the hospitals to have:
Infrastructures for use by the patient.
Good management,
Trained personnel for the arising opportunities.
Qualified and high performing staffs.
Recommendation.
The policy must put into place all the measures essential for the transformation where all the funds required are provided to avoid the delay in the implementation.
The policy should also provide specialized health care officials to cater to the need arising from the transformation starting from the training institution for future references.
Transformation of health care is an attempt to rearrange the delivery system to the patient as the receiver of the services from the services providers who are the health care officers. The program aims to have the services delivery change to assume a customer-centric focus, where they are more concerned about the services they provide to the patients. The transformation requires health care to acquire a leadership that can take the risk in change the system through, first changing from the traditional values by involving non-traditional partners. Secondly, directing the improvement of health care services to be high quality and affordable to the clients to enhance the delivery of the services. The creation of a strategic identity where all the efforts in the development strategies are directed towards achieving the goal of transformation achieved through good communication across the facilities. Also maintaining and building trust in the health care can be achieved through ensuring they change from facilities where data is placed for safekeeping to a centre where confidence in the system is built through the providers and the protocols among other commitments to changing the system.
The transformation of health care has led to the rethinking of the roles of most health care professionals as the market is shifting and change becomes inevitable. In response to change the development of the Affordable Care Act of 2010 provides the facilities with the entity, where the development of new roles is based in response to change. New roles and opportunities for the health care officials will be used in the attempt to increasing the quality of the services provided to the patient as the system is transformed into a patient-centred system. The transformation in health care is deeply dependent on the government policies in place to control the change as well as the leadership in place and their response to change. The transformation has so far led to the development and evaluation of the high quality and technologically developed hospitals, the care for chronically ill-being coordinated with that of the elderly in an attempt to improve the services to the customer among other achievements.
The transformation was driven by winterbourne's view of hospital cases where discrimination that the patient was experiencing was too high to be ignored. The closure of the hospital was to ensure that services are provided to the patient in an environment free from all forms of oppression by the health workers. In doing so the program was to change the existing culture where the value of the patient was degraded through the use of abusive words and phrases indicating the existing system required to be changed for the betterment of the services. The long period that the patients were staying at the hospital was the cause of the congestion that was reported in the hospital and was the cause for the call for changing the hospitals to have patients served at home to reduce those cases.
The quality of health services given at winterbourne view hospital was considered poor and thus unhealthy to the extent where the prescription was done without cases of diagnosis. The cases reported on a patient with the mental disorder being given anti-psychotic and antidepressant drugs without the following and administering the prescription ware numerous. Similarly, cases of restricted visitation of the patient by their family members created an environment where the degradation of the services provided to the patient as no observation was done on the quality of service they were offering. The degradation of the services was the failure of the management to meet its goal in the management of resources, but the failure of the hospital to have management was the cause of the failures as they lacked someone to monitor the progress of theirs resources, staffs, and health workers. The transformation aims to improve the quality of the health care services to the patients in an attempt to change it to patient-centred.
1.1 Literature review
The previous research on transformation forms a key aspect to the program on Winterbourne view hospital. According to, Taylor, et al. (2017). On the effects of transformation of health care and consideration of the safety and effects the policies of transformation will have on [people with disabilities. The policy on the transformation lacks investment in the community where despite the lack of knowledge and clinical complexity that is associated with tackling and taking care of patients under the intellectual mental disorder (Taylor, et al. 2017). This patient usually displays offending and non-offending behaviours that usually have them restrained under the health act but the transformation is ensuring that most of the patients are discharged with reduced cases of readmission. The policy ensures the provision of the services to the patient by the community to reduce the lengthy stay in the hospitals as well as strengthen community service to individuals with intellectual disabilities (Newman, et al. 2018). The effect of the policy is the failure to strengthen the community service as most of these services require specialized personnel to tackle them. The discharge of this intellectually disabled character is exposing the community to the risk of damage of properties, sexual offenses, use of violence, and the property damage associated by the intellectually disabled people.
According to, Marshall-Tate, Chaplin, & McCarthy, (2017). The cases of an individual with intellectual disability and autism are common as the cost of implication where the training of the health care workers was not meet. The issue was accelerated by poor staff training leading to the acquisition of little knowledge to tackle the patients challenging behaviours and the challenge of service commissioning where the health workers were separated from social workers. (Fylan, et al. 2019) The admission of the patient with mental health issues indicated that they have additional mental health needs that required special attention to reducing the case of mental breakdown. The development of autism policy and TS policy was aimed at the betterment of the services provided to this patient in the transformation program where all the facilities were to adapt to a new style of a hospital. The case of winterbourne on restraining and offensive practice were all working against the policies. Despite this, the TS policy aimed to reduce the bed for autism and intellectually challenged disabilities patients despite the challenges which advocate for increased bed (Alderwick, & Ham, 2017). The support from the UK government of twenty-five million dollars helped in pushing the process of disposing the patient into the community where the special services they required were not available.
According to Washington, Bull, & Woodrow, (2019). The transition of intellectual disability patients from the health institution to community-based care should be supported through adequate allocation of resources to support the program. The WHO, 2011 advocates for the support of the program through service infrastructure through the development of new services as the transformation calls for the development of new roles for the health care staff. Due to the development at Winterbourne view hospital, the England government and the department of health (DH) come up with guidance on supporting people who are discharged from the program with the local community care. In the development of the transformation program, the processes that used to take a long period like admission, assessment, and the procedural treatment measure were converted to the modern form. The reduction of the patient with autism being reduced to take thirty-three months in Scotland unlike the four years and three months taken in England.
According to Barnoux, (2019). The barriers to the transformation program are the aspect of poor staffing where the new programs lead to new roles, inadequate staffing of the hospitals, and ineffective teamwork affecting the effectiveness of the program. The barriers are the cause for the prolonged stay for the patients in the hospitals as the care unit needs more time to handle all the patients as the service users, considering the cases to prioritize on, provision of high-quality services to the users, and other difficulties. In the call for transformation and the health care can adopt a multi-agency approach where the teams in the health care unit should be locally accessible for the patient, effective in their service delivery thus high performance and should adopt a patient-centred approach in offering the services to the users. With the change in the health care unit the need for specialists, the community will need high quality and specialized services for the mentally challenged and autistic patients to be able to tackle them.
Chapter 2 Results/findings
The research incorporated qualitative research and analysis. From the research, the winterbourne view hospital was conducted through questionaries and interviews it was conducted on doctors, staff, nurses, and other health care staff, patients, and their relatives.
Number of visitations
Quality of services
Time is taken for medication
Cases of discrimination
Patient
3
Poor
4 years
Relatives
3
Poor
4years
17
Questionnaire for patients and relatives
Availability of managers
Adequately staffing
Cases of used force
Doctors
No
No
Occasionally
Nurses
No
No
Occasionally
The result from the worker's questionnaire
The case of lack of manager was reported in all cases of the questionnaire with cases of health care officers using force being reported from the patient and their relatives. The visitations were restricted and reduced to at least three times for the patients despite the cases of using force on them increased. The time of the patients to take medication was increased to four years and some more than four years.
Chapter 3 Discussion.
The ideology affecting the transformation of winterbourne are issues associated with inadequate staffing and lack of resources to implement the current transformation measures in place. The situation is under the fact that to ensure that the hospital bed for the patients with autism and mental disability is reduced the England government needs to develop a strategy. (Taylor, 2019). The strategy needs to have the community developed through the investment in the community to enable them to be able to handle the patients as they need special care. The program needs to ensure the reduction of the beds for the patient is achieved through the community being able to take care of the patient by equipping them with specialist required by the transformation (Williams, et al. 2019. Despite the effort made in achieving the change the report on the National Audit Office claimed that the funds for ensuring the measures in place are made have not yet to be released making the program dormant (Taylor, et al. 2017). This makes the main cause to be the lack of infrastructures to enable them to transform to the next level of reducing the beds in the facilities. Due to the high requirement of the specialist the by the programs calls for more health care personnel’s as the program creates new positions for them as it transforms the health care to be patient-centered.
The change requires the management to take part in the coordination of the resources to achieve the change and gain the benefit required. The lack of a management body in the winterbourne view hospital acted as one of the key failures of the hospital in the implementation of the program.( Piroozi, et al.2017). The work of the management is to control the activities in an association and ensure that quality services are provided to the customers to their satisfaction. The lack of a manager in the hospital was the cause of the poor-quality service provision where the staffs had no one to check on the quality of services they were offering to the patients (Fyson, & Patterson, 2020). The aspect of the patient being patients being abused is the failure of the management to have the culture of abuse extracted from the hospital and have the culture of the patient protection from abuse in place. To ensure that the system does not affect the patient’s existence in the hospital the management should have developed a good culture earlier and prevent the development of a poor culture where the patients are oppressed by the health care workers (Okuyama, Galvao, & Silva, 2018). The lack of adequate measures to ensure that the services provided to the patients are increased especially the ones with disability due to poor management has led to more cases bring attention to the program and calling for the services to be patient-centred. In the protection measure, the human rights call for the measure where the articles restrict the use of force and calls for the adoption of appropriate measures to achieve control rather than the use of force (Joyce, 2020). In return, the adopted measure should use proportionate force but only when appropriate to address the problem concerned.
The patients reported the calls for help that they made where the excessive force and restriction to visitation were initiated but the management failed to attend to them. The failure of the management and others, that is, the commissioners, regulators, and other bodies associated with the control of the activities of the facility in attaining its goal of rehabilitation (Chester, et al. 2018). The management is responsible for most of the activity in this hospital where the transformation cannot take place as the hospital is having many defaults including inadequate leadership. The provision of low-quality services is an indication that the failure of the management. According to an article on the united nation convection, in the giving the right to the disability, it includes the right to people with disability to be free from any form of violence (Laing, J. (2017). This acts as a restriction on the means the health care officers to maintain a healthy environment where they don’t use force for the treatment and rehabilitation of people with disabilities. The act controls the facility's functioning but failed to restrict the activities in the hospital indicating failures to other bodies.
The challenges for the implementation of the program were attained through reinforcing the management of the hospital where the manager is to take full responsibility for the facility. The management will in return control the services, quality of services they offer which will make them hire high qualification professionals thus improving the services and enhancing the transformation (Wang, et al. 2020). In return, the service user gets good services that help in their rehabilitation and thus get the services from home where they effectively recover. The health care workers take the specialized role in moving around while checking the condition of the patients and progressing their medication. This transformation will reduce the workload as the nurses will serve a given number of patients reducing the workload for them.
Chapter 4 Conclusion
The transformation policy will help in rendering the services of the patients by the health workers making their treatment and recovery fast. This in return will reduce the time they spend in the hospital for medication helping in the program implementation. Making the program effective will reduce the cases of discrimination and biting experienced by the patients in winterbourne making the program more conducive for the patients and the service providers the process easier and effective. Changing or having a good manager in the hospitals will in return improve and control the quality and treatment of the patient by the health care workers. Also, the coordination of the factors associated with the health centers will help in improving the services to the patients as well as making their recovery faster.
Chapter 5 Recommendations
The policy must put into place all the measures essential for the transformation where all the funds required are provided to avoid the delay in the implementation.
The policy should also provide specialized health care officials to cater to the need arising from the transformation starting from the training institution for future references.
Reference
Alderwick, H., & Ham, C. (2017). Sustainability and transformation plans for the NHS in England: what do they say and what happens next?. Bmj, 356.
Arnetz, J., Hamblin, L. E., Sudan, S., & Arnetz, B. (2018). Organizational determinants of workplace violence against hospital workers. Journal of occupational and environmental medicine, 60(8), 693.
Barnoux, M. (2019). Community services and transforming care: reflections and considerations. Tizard Learning Disability Review.
Berghout, M. A., Fabbricotti, I. N., Buljac-Samardžić, M., & Hilders, C. G. (2017). Medical leaders or masters?—A systematic review of medical leadership in hospital settings. PloS one, 12(9), e0184522.
Burke, D., Godbole, P., & Cash, A. (Eds.). (2019). Hospital transformation: From failure to success and beyond. Springer.
Chester, V., Devapriam, J., Alexander, R. T., Atkinson, D., Beebee, J., Cross, G., ... & Kitchen, D. (2018). Restrictive Interventions in Inpatient Intellectual Disability Services: How to Record, Monitor and Regulate.
Fylan, B., Marques, I., Ismail, H., Breen, L., Gardner, P., Armitage, G., & Blenkinsopp, A. (2019). Gaps, traps, bridges and props: a mixed-methods study of resilience in the medicines management system for patients with heart failure at hospital discharge. BMJ open, 9(2), e023440.
Fyson, R., & Patterson, A. (2020). Staff understandings of abuse and poor practice in residential settings for adults with intellectual disabilities. Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 33(3), 354-363.
Gabutti, I., Mascia, D., & Cicchetti, A. (2017). Exploring “patient-centered” hospitals: a systematic review to understand change. BMC health services research, 17(1), 1-16.
Joyce, T. (2020). Challenging behaviour, inpatient services and governance in England. Tizard Learning Disability Review.
Keasberry, J., Scott, I. A., Sullivan, C., Staib, A., & Ashby, R. (2018). Going digital: a narrative overview of the clinical and organisational impacts of eHealth technologies in hospital practice. Australian Health Review, 41(6), 646-664.
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The Parthenon Marbles - Stay in Britain, or Go Back to Greece?
Name
Institutional Affiliation
The Parthenon Marbles - Stay in Britain, or Go Back to Greece?
I believe that the marbles should stay in the British museums and Lord Elgin is a hero. First, it was perfectly legal to save the marble from destruction. Note that Lord Elgin was a responsible man in that during the Ottoman upheaval, he made a wise decision of exporting the marble from Greece to the British Museum (Lewis & Lewis, 2019). Marbles were the most precious artifacts and Lord Elgin rescued them. If Lord Elgin did not remove the marble, everything could be destroyed. This is because, Turks hide the gunpowder in the Parthenon but unfortunately, the Venetians discovered and caused exploration that ruined statues and artifacts (Lewis & Lewis, 2019). Thus, Elgin was a hero as he was trying to rescue the marbles.
Secondly, Elgin obtained an official degree or a royal mandate from the Ottoman Empire. This means that nothing restricted him from excavate artifacts. Elgin had a noble intent or in other he based his decisions on moral principles and thus, his actions are justified (Lewis & Lewis, 2019). Lord Elgin obeyed the legal authority and therefore the process was entirely legal. Rather than allowing the marbles to suffer damage, the British museum protected them from irreparable damage
Another point is that the role of art was to provide cultural values. It also promoted cohesion and the idea of nationhood and reinforced power structures (Lewis & Lewis, 2019). However, the art did not reflect the truth or in other words it did not meet its primary objective. This is because, in 1802, Elgin noted that the marbles were being ruined and he acted as a nobleman by seeking permission to start the excavation (Lewis & Lewis, 2019). Today, the marbles in the British museum play a cultural role and visitors come to see the objects. Art has promoted cultural understand and shared value. These cultural values could not be achieved if the marbles were sent back.
Needless to say, the marble should stay in the British Museum because the removal of the sculptures was a creative act. Rather than asking for Marble, Greece should praise the British Museum for protecting their valuable arts and heritage (Lewis & Lewis, 2019). Rather than focusing on the cultural benefits of the art, they should reflect on the situation that made Lord Elgin to make such a decision. Another important point to consider is that, the items of the art are needed to be put together to make a complete art (Lewis & Lewis, 2019). Therefore, asking for the marble does not make sense since the British took about half of the sculptures.
Another argument is that the British museum is accessible than the Acropolis Museum. There is much difference in size and presentations and this attracts more visitors. Even though it would be better if the marbles would be well presented while in the original building for viewers to understand the theme and facilitate a better understanding, removing the marbles from damage is a justifiable action (Lewis & Lewis, 2019). Thus, the cultural property dispute should end and negotiation should be made to promote peace.
Finally, it is not possible to change the Turkish government mandate. Note that when the marbles were being moved, the Greeks did not express their sentiments (Lewis & Lewis, 2019). Why should they ask for their ancient artifacts yet they did not care about the removal? They should know that Lord Elgin had good intentions to protect the marbles from damage. His intentions were also to support artistic learning since many artists could come to view the classical work of art.
Reference
Lewis, R., & Lewis, S. I. (2019). The power of art. Cengage
The Dutch Golden Age was a period where Europe and the world experienced economic, political, and cultural expansion. First, the economic transformation led to a new social structure that was characterized by a high standard of living (Spielvogel, 2012). People gained cultural achievement and a sense of purpose. Note that as a result of economic and cultural propriety, middle and merchant class had the power to enter into in the market to do painting as a way of depicting the Dutch life and identity. It is important to note that artwork had shifted from religious subjects to secular subjects. Artists focused on realism art or in other words, they avoided artistic convention and they focused on subjects that reflected the everyday life such as an individual's position within the community, the worldly and spiritual gap and the need to maintain a proper balance, the life of Dutch citizens, and more (Spielvogel, 2012). It is also important to note that artists were interested in the structure of the burgher society and they focused on portraying the secular everyday life. For example, the painting of Rembrandt van Rijn is a good example of a painting that depicts materialism and secularism. For example, the burgher society was characterized by material objective wealth, social class differences, and other features. In his painting, Rembrandt painted secular pictures, mythological themes, and scenes (Spielvogel, 2012). Another artwork is by Johannes Vermeer. In his painting, he depicts Dutch society by portraying luxury of merchantmen. It is also important to note patrons increased the market for art in that foreigners were visiting the Netherlands and they were pleased by the Dutch picture, For example, cobblers, blacksmiths, and bakers could collect images of extraordinary quality and this was a way to support the art.
Discussion 2
I like Rousseau's enlightenment debate. He focuses on the religion of the citizen which is also known as the civil religion, and the religion of the man. The civil religion gives services to a single country by communicating love, obedience, and martial virtues. The religion of man is a true religion since it is concerned with heavenly things (Cheah, 2012). He is against philosophy as he believes that philosophical thinkers have self-interest and they deprive human beings their freedom and destroy their authenticity. In his argument, Rousseau connects to the Aggrandizement art, or self- aggrandizement which depicts that science and philosophy have contributed into inequality and ignores virtue. Philosophy destroys the virtues such as esteem and benevolence and hence every person focus on fulfilling personal interests.
References
Spielvogel, J. J. (2012). Western civilization. Australia: Wadsworth/Cengage Learning.
Cheah, P. (2012). Spectral Nationality: Passages of Freedom from Kant to Postcolonia
During the 3rd century C.E, the Sogdians benefited from the Silk Road in terms of urban development and cultural growth. Since the Sink Road connected many countries, the intermingling enabled the Sogdians to receive Western artistic ideas such as wall painting (Naymark, 345). In general, the Sogdians artistic tradition improved as a result of Western cultural influence. Note that traditionally, the Sogdians had few artifacts and little archaeological research. However, Sogdians joined the Hellenistic world, and it gained economy and social stability. The Silk Road influenced the commercial network, and during the 3rd century, Sogdians merchants had gained the capability to participate in political negotiations (Naymark, 345). The Silk Road caused significant impacts in improving the economy and world cultures. Today, countries that used the Silk Road enjoy abundant natural resources as well as cultural stability. Countries also improved art, language, religion, and commerce trade.
The Silk Road was not a single road but many roads started from China to other parts of the world. The roads contributed to great civilizations in parts of the world as a result of the exchange is ideas. For example, many cities gained power and wealth (Naymark, 350). People from different cultural backgrounds interacted, and the interaction led to the development of cultural and artistic centers. The routes were used to transport goods from China to other parts such as Asia, Central Europe, North Africa, and more. The routes were strategic importance since many countries could use these trade routes. The Silk Road routs were not only economic routes, but they were connected with a cultural and social aspect. For example, Buddhism religion spread in China and later, the branches of silk routes influenced the spread of Buddhism to other areas such as Khotan, Kucha, and more (Naymark, 356). However, economic activity was the main factor that connected China with other countries. The Silk Road brought new economic development and connected the international community. For example, Southeast and Northeast Asia, and Europe promoted economy integration which enhanced agricultural trade and agricultural technology.
Naymark (356) talks about the arts of the road and asserts that the Silk Road was a commercial route and Sogdians people mastered painting skills. It is important to note that Sogdia was a geographical location in Western Turkestan. In the Western Turkestan, traders used the Silk Road to execute the commercial activities. However, Western Turkestan boosted the economy through agriculture. Today, Sogdians people have shaped their culture through archaeological discoveries. This indicates that the Harvest Festival Painting was an initiative that was established to strengthen agriculture.
Baba-ye Dihqan wall painting connected the Islamic and Iranian origin. These origins believed that Baba-ye Dahqan was the first farmer, and therefore, the image presented the status in Panjikent. This painting is unique and exceptional in that it includes peasantry (Naymark, 361). It excludes merchants and lower classes, and this indicates that they focus on secular images. In historical perspective, the image of peasant guild represents the Islamic saint. In the wall painting, some figures did contain the name Baba-ye Adam to represent man. In general, China and other countries flourished as a result of Silk trade. However, the Silk Road caused expected innovations of material culture. This means that silk routes also acted as cultural routes in that there were exchange of ideas and countries gained cultural significance.
Work cited
Naymark, Aleksandr. "Sogdiana, its Christians and Byzantium: A study of artistic and cultural
Connections in late antiquity and early Middle Ages." (2002): 2608-2608.
The Hajj is a journey made annually to the Kaaba by the Muslims in the sacred city of Mecca in Saudi Arabia which is the holiest city for the Muslims. It is the second-largest meeting for the Muslims around the world. The Dome of Rock in an Islamic shrine that was the first-ever to be built. It is one of the oldest remaining works of Islamic buildings. The Hajj and the Dome of Rock help to commemorate Islamic history and origin.
According to Amanullah, the main purpose of the Hajj is the remembrance of the origin of Islam. The event acts as a reminder of the relationship between the believer and the divine. It represents the peak of years of spiritual preparation and once the Muslims complete the event, they are given the respectful title pilgrim. It allows pilgrims to show their strong belief in Islamic teachings and commitment. During the event, the Muslims are relieved of their worldly possessions and for the women, they wear loose-fitting clothes and a covering on the head. The men wear white clothes that are not sewn. They follow the same rituals in the immense gathering and this is done to show that they are all equal.
The dome of Rock is considered to be a place where Prophet Muhammad ascended from into heaven. In remembrance of his ascension, the Dome of Rock was built. According to Macaulay (2014), the dome of the rock is considered to be the place where Abraham wanted to sacrifice his son from. It is also believed to be standing directly over the area where Solomon and Herod’s temples were situated.
Conclusion
The hajj is a journey that commemorates the origins, teaching, and commitment of the Muslims. It is an event that represents all of them being equal even with how they dress. The rituals they perform at the event are performed together. The Dome of rock is a historical shrine that commemorates the ascension of Muhammad, and a place where the son of Abraham was to be sacrificed from. It is also said that it sits on the site where Herod’s and Solomon’s temples were. This represents in-depth the Islamic history and where it originated from.
References
Amanullah, S. (2009). Hajj 2.0: Technology's Impact on the Muslim Pilgrimage. Georgetown
Journal of International Affairs,10(2), 75-82. Retrieved May 8, 2020, from
www.jstor.org/stable/43133576
Macaulay.L.E (2014). The Dome of the Rock (Qubbat al-Sakhra) Retrieved from
https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/ap-art-history/west-and-central-asia-apahh/west-asia/a/the-dome-of-the-rock-qubbat-al-sakhra
In the Olympic Games, it was rare for women in Greek to be allowed to participate in sports. The only exception was in Sparta where it was believed that tough and strong mothers would make to be great soldiers. The winning girls were allowed to devote painted portraits of themselves in the arcade of the temple of Hera. According to swaddling (2011), women were religiously conservative and this played a big role in them not participating in sports. Another concern for the women was appearing naked as the men did if they were allowed to take part.
The role of women in Greek society as reflected by the restrictions from participating in sports is, getting married and bearing children and preferably a son. This is because the only people allowed in the Olympic Games were prostitutes and unmarried women with the purpose of finding a husband Kemp (2009). They could only compete or participate amongst other women and not allowed to indulge with men. Men could only be allowed to watch their games only to promote marriage and for reproduction purposes. Women’ s roles were running the household and never given a chance to win because it was believed that fame is good for a woman who’s winning is least known amongst men. Women were seen as inferior and weak and could not make any decisions.
The restrictions that women face today begun from ancient times. Women today still face gender inequality. They are still seen as inferior and hardly allowed to make decisions even in society. They still encounter unemployment based on their gender and if employed they are not given the senior positions Blain (2019). Women are still discriminated against and denied leadership roles even in the political world.
Conclusion
The women in Greek were restricted from attending or even participating in the Olympic Games. Their responsibility was taking care of the household and the children. They were not supposed to even go and support their children who participated in the games. Laws were put to stop women from attending the Olympics and highly discourage them. To date, women still face gender inequality and discrimination.
References
Blain N. K (2019). What Are the Biggest Problems Women Face Today? Retrieved from
https://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2019/03/08/women-biggest-problems-
international-womens-day-225698
Kemp M (2009). Ancient Greek Women in Sport. Retrieved from aculty.elmira.edu/ dmaluso/
sports/greece/greecewomen.html
Swaddling J. (2011). Ancient Greek Olympics Gallery. Reviewed from http://www.bbc.co.uk/
Paul Mpagi Sepuya is known for his tendency to focus on the social relationships that exist between young gay men in his social circle as the subject for his photographs. He however maintains a somewhat formal aspect to his work and this, combined with the innovations he has made in the filed of photography has made his work worthy of note. Pauls work often involves photographs of his subjects either in full or parts; printed photographs; drapery, all presented amidst mirrors to create an image that appears fractured and folds foreground and background. The approach Paul uses in his work creates the impression that his images are alive and paints a picture of not just the present, but also past moments and the emotions evoked all into a single plane.
Like most artists, Paul, through his work, creates art that evokes various emotions from the audience and while the artist tries to leave the interpretation to the audience, his work is greatly influenced by the experiences he has had and his own personal life (Abrams, 2017). His photographs for example, comprise of a cast of friends, most of whom are gay and through these photos, he is able to create interpersonal conditions that makes it a performative representation of people’s experiences in society. It further elaborates on his idea of how the boundaries between friends and lust are not always clear in the environment in which he, and artists like him live in.
An example of how this is portrayed in Paul’s work is evident in ‘The Conditions’. The artist uses sets that are made using wood, mirrors and black velvet drapery to create photographs that are carefully composed (Abrams, 2017). The images featured consist of an image of the artist’s camera, parts of his body and his entire figure that is reflected through the mirrors to create one image. The piece is evident of Paul’s desire to oversee the two sides of the gaze and this is evident in his blending of the portrait and self-portrait, a crucial element in his photographic practise. One of the parts that make up ‘The Condition’ is A Portrait and it features an androgynous white individual with curly hair. The individual is dressed in a sleeveless top, white in colour and a black shirt on top (Sepuya, 2019). The individual is seated sideways, revealing torn white socks as he is seated in front of a black curtain. From behind the curtain, one can see multihued vertical ribbons that draw attention to the manufactured nature of the photograph (Gilbert, 2019). Paul achieves this through a collage technique that mainly involves taking photos of reflections from photos he had previously taken and using them alongside one another. Pauls tendency to include himself in his work is also evident in the form of a knee that is seen poking into the lower right-hand side of the image.
‘The Conditions ‘can also be said to be a set of images that are carefully created with the intent to shed light on how social constructs influence issues such as race, gender and identity. The artist uses a complex blend of black and white colours combined with patterns to create a style that he has been identified with over the years. Thake the case of a darkroom mirror for example (Gilbert, 2019). A white hand is seen is seen reaching around a black curtain alongside a darker skinned hand to take a picture. Although the artist uses black and white together, the art is presented in such a way that the two colours are in contrast thus making them distinct. Through this, the artist is able to introduce the concept of race and sexual orientation and all this is achieved through the photographs (Howe, 2019). Paul is further able to create an impression of falling apart and calls attention to the fleeting nature of most things in society. Through the pieces, the artist draws the audience’s attention to the collage used and further employs the use of tape and binder clips. The use of tape and clips is a reflection of how things can be easily taken apart despite appearing intact.
Paul Mpagi places a lot of focus on the camera in ‘The Conditions’. The artist started off with a reputation for using straightforward shots of his friends, acquaintances and lovers with an inclination towards the gay culture as a result of the influence from the artist’s life in New York. There is however a shift from this and it is reflected in the piece. While in graduate school, Paul started creating pieces that were more self-reflective as is evident in ‘The Conditions’. While incorporating his camera in almost every image in the piece does not have that big of an impact on its own, it is another example of how he incorporates himself into his work and also how much his experiences influence his pieces (Howe, 2019). The artist is able to sometimes portray people’s sexuality as something that is both contemporary and also something that is rooted in a people’s history similar to how the camera has been part of photography throughout history.
In addition to exposing some of the contradictions that exist in stereotypes that define society, the piece further exposes vices such as racism. In the piece, the artist draws the audience’s attention to a dark cloth that resembles the black piece of fabric that is usually reserved in the background when it comes to photography. This can be seen as a representation of how those of African American decent are often held back while whites are seen in the foreground as is the case in the piece (Irvin, 2019). While the dark cloth is still somewhat overshadowed by other colours, it is held up by a metal clamp that is however attached to some unseen object. The artist may have left this to the audience’s imagination or, done it intentionally to show that ideologies, policies and stereotypes used to create the rift between people based on race and colour has no solid foundation (Irvin, 2019). This makes the piece more captivating in that; it exposes the vices in society; and also shows how baseless some of the beliefs are, making it easier to stray away from them not just through art, but in society.
The camera is given more attention in the Darkroom Mirror where one model is shown handling it gently. The body of the model is out of the picture frame and a woman who is mostly visible is seen making her part of the image, to some extent. There is also the image of two gay men engaged in sexual activities (Maraz, 2018). On their own, the incomplete images or those stretching out of the picture frame draw more attention to the camera which takes centre stage. The image can be seen as a representation of the artist’s depiction of the originality around art and his photographs. He chooses to feature different people, sometimes in part, other times in whole. There is also an over emphasis of the camera which is often presented in full (Maraz, 2018). This can be an indication of the artists ideology of how, art itself can never be affected by the subject of what the art is. Whether an artist chooses to focus on himself, a gay couple or pieces that tell a story, the impact should be from the art itself and not the images depicted. The piece can thus serve as a call to action, urging the audience to shift their focus from what influenced the artist to make a certain piece and rather focus on the piece itself and the impact it has on their lives.
The Conditions entails various images that Paul Mpagi uses to draw attention to the art itself. Similar to other work by Paul, The Conditions reveals a great deal of the artist’s experiences and style. Despite this however, the piece can also be interpreted as a call to action for art lovers to not let the artist’s beliefs and opinions affect the impact that a piece has. Instead of focusing on the content, the piece draws attention to the images themselves and thus allowing the audience to interpret it in their own way. It is this ability to draw attention away from the artist to the art itself that makes it a piece worthy of note.
Creativity has always had a way and the ability to transport the human mind to another dimension. The artwork discussed below was done by Banksy when he traveled to the West Bank in 2005, he painted the security fence at Bethlehem using a technique that makes the image exist in three dimensions. The painting falls within the landscape genre. The image is of a realistic place, the beach behind the wall is realistic enough to convince the human eye. Human images have been included in the artwork; the painting has two small boys one is holding a tin while the other kneels beside the wall with a bucket close by with a painting brush at hand. From their pose, they are painting the image at the center of the wall. They seem uneasy and are both looking at the same direction staring at something, none of them paying attention to the wall they seem to be painting. The swinging and bent palm trees are abstract elements that have been inspired by realistic form, the bending of the trees that are well spaced is a deliberate arrangement. The glittering beach on the other side gives one the illusion that some had dug his way to paradise.
The focal point of the picture is the beach behind the round hole in the concrete wall, Banksy makes the beach the focal point of the painting by placing it right in the middle of the artwork, the colors that are used on the beach also play an important part in making it the focal point since they immediately attract the attention of the viewer. At the foreground of the painting, there are the two boys, at the middle ground there is the concrete wall and a part of the beach, ocean and the palm trees, the background of the image is dominated by palm trees, an ocean that stretches to the horizon and is mostly blocked by the palm trees and the clear blue sky that is cloudless. The colors used in the painting greatly affect the mood of the picture, the color used to portray the two boys is a lighter shade of black, the color portrays these boys as troubled, the color is an illustration of troubled times, the colors used to portray the beach bring about a change of mood in the image, the mood transitions from a gloomy mood to a lively mood. The color blue waters and sky bring to mind a calming effect. Blue is a color of cool expansiveness and openness and creates a soothing mood. The color green used to paint the leaves of the palm trees brings about a feeling and mood of harmony and a calming effect that symbolizes hope, gentleness, and modesty.
This painting is the symbolic representation of light at the end of the tunnel. From a personal view I feel like the wall is a barrier to paradise, the wall stands in between two different places, one miserable place another lively place, digging through concrete is a hard task but it seems like someone finally broke down the barrier that stands between them and paradise and finally the person found the light at the end of the tunnel.
Graphic design is the art or process of combining pictures and composed texts to form visual representations of messages. Colors in graphic design are used to represent different feelings. For example happiness, passion, calmness, and sadness among others.
Vikova, Vik, & Minava (2015), state that color is very important for graphic designers because it can remarkably affect the relationship of artwork. Using the correct color helps in giving the correct directions. For example, the directions for hot or cold water in a water dispenser are shown by colors. Different people have different perceptions regarding color based on personal preferences and cultures. Graphic designers use color according to their feelings or emotions and therefore there is no standard rule for the correct color use. Color is capable of affecting someone’s mood and even impact them psychologically. Color changes people’s perception of the environment, for example, décors can change the look and the feeling of a place. The stop symbol used in the road signs puts more emphasis when the color red is added, increasing attention. Color choices in graphic design influence the choices to be made for lighting and the materials to be used. For example blue and red can be active and passive, meaning that red will be active since it draws attention and blue will be passive since it is less noticeable.
According to Vikova, Vik, & Minava (2015), graphic designers use pictograms to enable the exchange of information between people with different cultures and languages. A pictogram is designed to use shapes but when the color is added to the shapes it gives the shape a more elaborate meaning. This makes the user to easily understand the pictogram. Different cultures associate themselves using different colors, for example in the flags different colors are used to represent different countries and each of the colors has different meanings. For example, white would mean peace and green would be the environment. In the Czech Republic, people from the northern region use red color to represent the words stop, danger and hot. Meaning that color red represents a feeling of fear. A man is represented by a bright shade of blue. A bright shade of green represents the word go. A pale shade of blue represents the word cool and white represents clean. These colors are used for communication and being very precise they give the necessary attention.
Conclusion
Color has a powerful effect on the life of people. It affects how people perceive things, changes the mood of a person, and also makes symbols more meaningful. It creates personal feelings for individuals and it is the reason why most have their favorites. Graphic designers use color to enhance and add more meaning to their work.
References
Vikova M. Vik M. & Kania E. (2015) Cross-cultural variation of color Preferences: www.researchgate.com
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