Questions and Topics We Can Help You To Answer: Paper Instructions:
How have advancements in technology affected our social relationships with others?
The goal in this section is to write a coherent, well-crafted essay that demonstrates your understanding of the writing process and the skills necessary to produce clear, effective expository prose.
The essay will be evaluated on the basis of: 1. Thesis statement 2. Argument (logic, development, evidence, organization, introduction, conclusion) 3. Grammar, punctuation, style and spelling 4. Quotations and documentation
write a well-crafted essay response of six or seven paragraphs.
All citations must be properly documented in terms of both in-text citations and reference/works cited at the end of your paper. Any style will be accepted as long as you are consistent.
Questions and Topics We Can Help You To Answer: Paper Instructions:
Write a short compare-and-contrast essay that defines and explains three distinct perspectives on the evolution of technology. As you write, imagine you are talking to a friend who has no knowledge of this topic. In short, write the way you speak, using a conversational tone.
Paragraph 1 It will contain an overview of what you have to say in comparing and contrasting the perspectives of Gerhard Lenski, Leslie White, and Alvin Toffler with respect to the evolution of technology.
Paragraph 2 to describe the perspective of Gerhard Lenski.
In paragraph 3, you’ll write about the perspective of Leslie White.
In paragraph 4, you’ll describe and discuss the perspective of Alvin Toffler.
Paragraph 5 is your summary and conclusion. Here, you’ll compare the three perspectives to show how they are, or may be, similar. You’ll contrast the three perspectives to describe how they’re different. You’ll end this process--and your essay--by expressing your view as to which of these theorists (one or more) offer the most useful insights into the evolution of technology, in your opinion.
Questions and Topics We Can Help You To Answer: Paper Instructions:
Evaluate the way that social manners have changed because of cell phones and other technology. What has changed? Is this good or not? https://dailystar.com.au/how-is-technology-affecting-modern-manners/ https://tmb.apaopen.org/ https://today.duke.edu/2017/05/more-technology-use-linked-mental-health-issues-risk-adolescents#:~:text＝Technology%20use%20tied%20to%20increased%20attention%20and%20behavior,issues%2C%20a%20new%20study%20from%20Duke%20University%20finds. https://www.cleverism.com/understanding-technology-and-its-influence-on-human-behavior/
Questions and Topics We Can Help You To Answer: Paper Instructions:
This anthology has a homepage that allows the reader to easily see all the pieces contained in it. There is a navigation bar at the top and then images below that function as buttons, linking to pages in the anthology. This type of home page uses a combination of imagery, fonts, and background images to create a unified feel to the anthology. These stylistic choices are carried through to the subpages of the website as well. As media creators, consider the audience and purpose for your anthology. The audience in this case is your teacher, and your purpose is to showcase your ability to analyze literature and communicate your ideas effectively through writing, speaking, and media creation. How will this audience and purpose guide you in choosing the organization, look, and feel of your anthology? Works have been grouped according to the type of text, which isn’t mandatory, but in this case, it made it easier to organize. Each text has its own page. You will note that the navigation bar shows a page has been created for the annotated bibliography. Although you have already submitted your annotated bibliography, you should include this as part of your published anthology since your analyses will have parenthetical citations. If you clicked on Poem 1 in the navigation bar, or the “Dulce et Decorum Est” button on the main page, you would get to the page below. Note that the entire poem has been made available for the reader in this example. While this is not always necessary, you do need to ensure your reader (in this case, your teacher) is able to access the text you are referencing. The easier you make this for the reader, the better. The next example includes an excerpt of a longer text, and then a button that links to the original source so the reader can access the entire text. Unlike the example above, the entire text has not been reproduced. The analysis in this example is actually just placeholder text, but you can see how you might lay out your analysis in relation to your text. Additionally, the analysis included is in video format. The video was uploaded to Youtube and then added to the site. Remember, not every selection in your anthology will have a full analysis, but you should still include the brief explanation from your annotated bibliography. You will also need to think of an effective way to present your text either in its entirety, or as an excerpt, with a link to the rest of the text.
Questions and Topics We Can Help You To Answer: Paper Instructions:
Technology has allowed even the smallest organization to operate internationally. Along with this amazing opportunity comes many challenges. I would like for you discuss a few of these challenges from an organizational behavior standpoint, meaning challenges within the organization itself. You can either discuss the company you currently work for, or you can discuss a company that you are familiar with in some way.
Questions and Topics We Can Help You To Answer: Paper Instructions:
A reflection paper is not a summary of the information presented, it is a discussion of your thoughts and response to the information presented.
Please write a reflection paper to Mark Zuckerberg's Georgetown speech on Free Expression. This paper should express your thought on his position on Free Speech and whether Facebook has any accountability for what is put on its open platform. Please take into consideration all of the information that has been presented. Link to the speech:
Globally, technology is spontaneously advancing, bringing about new possibilities. One of the recent advancements is in the use of technology in the healthcare system. Following the increase in information data and challenges in data management and storage, there has been a thought seek for a solution that employs the use of technological devices. One of the most thoughtful and researched devices that have been highly debated, to use when handling patients' information is the radio frequency implantable device (RFID), commonly referred to as a chip. The latter device is a wireless system comprising of a tag and a reader, whose operation is through the transmission of radio waves. The reader has antennas whose role is to emit the waves and the tag receives the signals (Islam et al., 2017). Commonly used tags use radio waves to communicate their identity as well as other information to the nearby readers, either actively or passively depending on the sources of their power. For the patients’ health records we would prefer the use of passive RFID tags as they are powered by the reader, to store a range of information concerning patient’s privacy issues such as patients identification, and maintenance of a complete and accurate history of disease processes and medications.
Currently, some countries are already producing chips to make this technological evolution in the healthcare and other sectors a success. For instance, the use of chips has recently been used in Sweden, where over 4000 citizens used microchips implanted in their hands, but in this case to store information concerning emergency contacts that enabled easy access to homes, gyms, and offices. The same technology can, therefore, be used to store health information. For human implantations, we preferred the use of passive readers who rely on power from the readers. By this, it means that the information can only be read when an individual or the health provider has a receiver nearby. Primarily, our concern in this paper is on individual’s health information and accuracy in achieving the information. Additionally, in this paper, we will discuss the pros and cons of using RFID, ethical, legal, and social implications of this device safeguarding patient privacy as well as future recommendations.
Pros and Cons of RFID Technology
New inventions or discoveries based on technology come with some advantages and disadvantages. In conjunction with these technologies related to human health; they may positively or adversely affect individuals. It is for this reason, therefore, that we need understand the pros and cons associated with the introduction and implantation of chips in the body of patients. Below are some of the benefits and disadvantages of RFID technology. This technology can be harnessed in hospitals, labs, and entire supply chains to offer real-time traceability of every blood sample or pallet of medication, and also providing real-time visibility into an individual’s inventory (Paaske et al., 2017). It also enables hospitals to monitor the temperature of heat-sensitive drugs throughout the supply chain, which makes it possible to take the necessary measures to maintain.
In the healthcare organization RFID provides immediate and real-time tracking and management of staff across all types of patient care environments, making it easy to track productivity in busy hospitals. Also, the use of proximity cards offers a secure way of accessing specific areas, without demanding pins now and then. Other advantages of this chip, especially the passive one are that they are of low cost and small, giving them the capability to be attached on small devices. These tags are also, able to tag many items at once and also track assets and other items in areas without internet connections. Overall, this technology helps patients to receive the correct medication within a matter of minutes.
More importantly, RFID has enabled healthcare organizations to realize patients safety, tracking, efficiency in care, and provider satisfaction. The use of tags has helped in reducing misidentification issues in healthcare and thus eliminating medical errors. Also, accuracy in patient tracking is essential in improving patient safety in many instances, it has led to improved ability on hygiene tracking practice and compliance preventing possible hospital-acquired infection (Paaske et al., 2017). Collectively, these measures have made it possible to improve the efficiency of care and healthcare provider services.
Contrary to the benefits, the RFID has been associated with some disadvantages. Despite being a promising strategy in the healthcare industry, some limitations are found in the implementation of the chip, these challenges are either, technical, organizational, or legal. Some of these include the ability to gather the right data, privacy concerns and safety of the patients, monitoring and tracking limitations occurring as a result due to human error. Another issue that stands out as a barrier is the cost of the system and other technical limitations, depending on the tag readability, interoperability with other health information technology, and interference with medical equipment (Paaske et al., 2017). Also, the system has raised some issues based on acceptance within organizations, privacy and security concerns are also disadvantages that need interventions.
Moreover, for this system to work an individual RFID needs to be installed with the readers and antennas in the hospital. The initial installation of the chip is time-consuming as it requires comprehensive entry of inventory, which has to be done manually for the item or the drug to be identified. Another disadvantage is that the device takes people to tags the item or purchase mere expensive pre-tagged medication. The tags at times might be damages and indefinitely they do not read. Commonly the use of tags is not easy as the labels are expensive, associated with interference problems and the lack of a means to track damaged labels.
As stated in the pros, the use of chips, especially RFID, would be so essential in improving the safety and efficiency of healthcare. This would ensure that information is obtained in the right procedures and thus used to address the right problem. Although this process works with everyone, a special group of patients can highly benefit from this mechanism. One of these groups that highly demand the use of this chip is in children, who have had issues of getting lost or interchanged unknowingly (Al Osaimi et al., 2017). This makes it possible to address all the issues concerning the children, especially on data, and that the right medication will be given and the right parents. The healthcare providers, always upload children's information into the Electronic Health Record (EHR) from where the information can be accessed by the clinicians. However, with the aid of chips and the receivers, it is thus possible that the chip is integrated with devices such as smartphones, tablets, or laptops.
Implications
When incorporating this chip among patients it is always good to ensure that their privacy is at the forefront. Privacy in this context is precisely on the medical information that it does not land in the hand of the wrong people. These implications are either, ethical, legal, or social, which in other words are referred to as policies, which an organization needs to set in place to safeguard the patients with the RFID. Based on ethical issues concerning RFID technology, it is the role of healthcare to ensure that patient’s right to life is protected as per the law (Tanwar et al., 2019). It for this reason that we need to understand the no one should be deprived of their ethical obligations. These ethical issues include privacy issues, that no one should be violated of their privacy by the use of this chip. This can be achieved by ensuring that the patient’s information is not used for any other purpose apart from the prescribed. Another issue is that RFID is harmful to the human body, especially through injection of the tags, which affects the body, and lastly, government policies, where the government is in a position to understand the movement of people.
Based on laws, the RFID is not guided by licenses but operates under regulations. For instance in the US federal communications commission (FCC) has put in place some regulations that regulate RFID. It is from these legal laws that the tags can be readily read and that the non-compliant system would be shut down and thus any violations should attract fines. Also, the device should not cause harmful interference, and that there is no interference protection from other wireless operations. From a social perspective, the chip should meet the communities' set standards that govern information sharing. It is also essential to observe community values and beliefs on the introduction of foreign chips into their bodies. Any violation of the set rules and community is a source of a societal problem.
Conclusion
In conclusion, RFID is useful in providing health records or information about a patient’s history and other issues related to medication. RFID has been found to have many advantages that make it a topic of debate among many people. This chip would also help address health issues among the children, whose records help in identification to eliminate increased mixed-up. Additionally, it is also essential to observe to ensure that human privacy and security are the main issues that make us concerned with chip technology. I would therefore recommend that future researchers, engage in informed study to help in the elimination of all the barriers that are associated with the adoption of RFID. This would make it possible to promote health and deliver safe patient care.
References
Al Osaimi, A. A., Al Kadi, K., & Saddik, B. (2017, February). Role of radio frequency identification in improving infant safety and the extent of nursing staff acceptance of RFID at King Abdulaziz Medical City in Riyadh. In 2017 International Conference on Informatics, Health & Technology (ICIHT) (pp. 1-7). IEEE.
Islam, M. T., Alam, T., Yahya, I., & Cho, M. (2018). Flexible radio-frequency identification (RFID) tag antenna for sensor applications. Sensors, 18(12), 4212.
Paaske, S., Bauer, A., Moser, T., & Seckman, C. (2017). The benefits and barriers to RFID technology in healthcare. On-Line Journal of Nursing Informatics, 21(2).
Pang, Y., Ding, H., Liu, J., Fang, Y., & Chen, S. (2018). A UHF RFID-based system for children tracking. IEEE Internet of Things Journal, 5(6), 5055-5064.
Tanwar, S., Tyagi, S., Kumar, N., & Obaidat, M. S. (2019). Ethical, legal, and social implications of biometric technologies. In Biometric-based physical and cybersecurity systems (pp. 535-569). Springer, Cham.
The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) is a non-regulatory federal agency in the United States Department of Commerce. The agency was founded in 1901 and was called the National Bureau of Standards up until 1988 when the name was changed to NIST (NIST, 2021). The agency’s mission involves enhancing measurement science, technology, and quality standards as a way of promoting innovation and encouraging industrial competitiveness. Its activities greatly help to improve economic security in the United States as well as improving the quality of life for all its citizens.
The National Institute of Standards and Technology affects my life in that, it determines the nature of competition and level of innovation that exists in the United States. The agency provides the government, different individuals, and organizations with standard reference materials containing information and guidelines on what procedures to use; standards for processes and measurements; and quality control (NIST, 2021). If well implemented, the information can help organizations, the government, and individuals to innovate their products and services, allowing them to take advantage of the various opportunities that exist in the environments they operate in. The agency therefore greatly influences the innovation and production of new products that I depend on every day.
Another effect is tied to how NIST influences industrial competitiveness. Organizations that operate in the same environment rely on features like the quality of products, pricing, and level of innovation to encourage customers to pick their products over those from competitors (Sargent, 2020). By promoting positive industrial competitiveness, customers get to benefit from high-quality products set at reasonable prices. As a consumer, I am provided with access to high-quality products at reasonable prices. Another advantage is that the organizations keep innovating their products and services and this makes it easier to satisfy the customers' needs and wants. The products and services that are made available to me as a consumer are usually respective to my needs and have relevant value.
One change that I would like to see in the National Institute of Standards and Technology has to do with the nature of the standard reference materials. Oftentimes, the laboratory programs provided by NIST are too complex for small businesses. The programs, therefore, favor big organizations more than small businesses because they have the resources needed to act on the guidelines provided. Since innovation greatly relies on access to information fast and with ease, the programs give big organizations a competitive advantage (Sargent, 2020). They also make market entry because large organizations are assisted to be more innovative thus forcing new business ventures to either keep innovating their products or close shop. To remedy this, NIST could design programs that target both large and small businesses. Providing different laboratory programs for small businesses will give them a better chance to remain competitive as the guidelines provided will be tailored to the scope of their abilities.
The products and services provided by different organizations greatly influence how people live their lives. Innovations are important because they push companies to constantly improve their products and services to make them more efficient. Encouraging competition further ensures that organizations are constantly seeking better ways to attract new customers and this, in turn, improves the ease and lowers the cost of accessing them. The input from the National Institute of Standards and Technology, therefore, promotes innovation while still ensuring that a respectable standard of quality is maintained.
References
National Institute of Standards and Technology, (2021) “About NIST” United States Department of Commerce, retrieved from, https://www.nist.gov/
Sargent F, (2020) “The National Institute of Standards and Technology: An appropriate overview” Congressional Research Service, retrieved from, https://fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R43908.pdf
The transition from analog and mechanical technology to digital electronics is called the digital revolution. However, it is important to understand that advancement and development in technology come with both negative and positive impacts on society. The digital technology growth rate is accelerating across the globe as they affect how people and businesses interact and work together. Digital entails the use of online technologies and platforms to improve services and businesses offered to individuals. In this age, advancement in technology has influenced healthcare, education, communication, and businesses across the globe. In this discussion, we will evaluate the new Dark Age that states that technology is interrupting our understanding of the world we live in, and this makes the world more dangerous. This study also focuses on the history of technology, and the future as well as the communication revolutions happening currently. In addition, we will also focus on how technology, activism, and justice manifests in the digital age. Therefore, this study focuses on the potential impacts of technology on human progress, cooperation, and emancipation. On the other hand, the Dark Age entails division, conflicts, and misery among the individuals in society. This paper focuses on both the positive and negative impacts of technology on society. At times advancement in technology affects our relationships with it and with other people in society. Technology has remained to be our best hope of solving social and sustainability problems. This paper also emphasizes the relationship between engineers, and how they developed solutions using technology. Technology affects the learning process, communication, and how people think. It is more of interaction and collaboration. The positive and negative impacts of the technological revolution will be discussed in this paper in detail.
Discussion
As far as technology is concerned, we suffer the challenges, as we tend to underestimate or overestimate the impacts and roles of technology in society. We assume that technology is the only answer to our problems and that it also provides remedies to unknown dangers. John G. McNutt introduces us to technology, activism, and social justice in the digital face that seeks to explain the ways technological revolution enhances social change. He also demonstrates how traditional advocacy procedures have been modified through technologies. There exists a relationship between technology and social change (McNutt, 2018). Technology has greatly affected and completely changed and reversed the way individuals interact, meet, work, travel, and transact business and worship. In addition, the rapid growth of technology has led to the exponential increase of information that needs to be stored, retrieved, and communicated.
Computer technology has influenced how and where people work from, that is, employees may work full-time or part-time and not necessarily from the office (telecommunication). Telecommunication has allowed employees to work from home and in different countries. This kind of employment has helped disabled individuals who are unable to move and also employees who stay away from the workplace. The internet being the world’s largest computer network has led to a revolution in electronic networking. Internet access is unlimited as individuals can communicate, chat, read articles, contact business online and from home, conduct research, take online college courses, and even earn certificates of degrees.
However, the internet has a dark side that affects society negatively. Young children and teens access the internet and download pornographic materials. This poisons their mind and leads to addiction that cannot be easily handled and taken care of. Young people engage in dirty sexual chats, pornographic photos and videos, sexual conversations, playing erotic games and this has greatly demoralized social values in society. In addition, it has led to the existence of misery, social isolation, destruction of family relationships, plagiarism in education, and reckless dissemination of inappropriate information. On the other hand, biotechnology has improved the health of people through advancements in the medical sector. In the medicine industry, technology has been employed in sex preselection, reproductive methods, parenthood surrogating, and genetic engineering practices. This has helped doctors to treat fertility by use of fertility drugs, artificial insemination, in vitro fertilization gamete intrafallopian transfer, and services of a surrogate mother. It has played an important role in improving human progress and cooperation despite the rise of political, ethical, and moral questions.
A book was recently written by James Bridle, “New Dark Age,” states that technology clouds our understanding of the world around us and this has made it even more dangerous. The purpose of the internet is to combine high-speed computation and global networking and this makes it a tool for data mining and massive surveillance. The internet has not been corrupted since it operates according to its principles and imperatives, and this is what causes the clouding of our understanding of the world. Bridle writes, “Computation is both a victim of and a contributor to climate change.” For instance, weather forecasting is done through technological predictive computation through the assumption that the past reflects on what happens in the future (Bridle, 2018). It employs data from the past to predict the future. In this case, computational forecasting may be termed inaccurate at times due to rapid variations in global climate changes. And this is the reason the author refers to it as the “New Dark Age,’ as it incorporates assumptions about the way things happened in the past, to predict the on hoe things should be. He further indicates that the main cause of problems is computational thinking. It assumes that accurate information about the past should be synthesized to be assessed to make informed decisions about the future. The Dark Age period clouds us from seeing the true understanding of the present and future as it makes decisions basing on the past occurrence of events. Therefore, we need to learn and understand that different things exist between our relationships with technology. We therefore should not wait for technology to synthesis the past information to predict the future. Overdependence on technology will lead to more conflicts and miseries in the environment we are living in.
As the world changes, engineering also adjusts to the current world situation. An interview was conducted on engineers about their research priorities and they identified that technology should address problems such as climate change, energy crises, health, urban and security threats such as terrorism and online cyberbullying (Van der Vleuten, Oldenziel, & Davids, 2017). Engineers have played an important role in ensuring sustainable energy, use of smart electronics, urban planning among others. The historical aspect looks at the interaction between engineering, social, and environmental challenges and explains how engineers developed remedies to the past problems and the consequences of the solutions provided. This helps in ensuring a well-established social environment and curbing sustainability problems. Engineering has led to human progress, cooperation, and emancipation in society.
Advancement in technology has led to a revolution in communication. Bill Kovarik, an author observed a transition in the mass media platform. He puts more emphasis on mass media and communication history (Kovarik, 2015). He elaborates on the impacts of the visual revolution, photography, advertising, public relations, the first electronic revolutions (telegraph and telephone), and the new radio world. He establishes a relationship between the past and the present technology. Besides, the author explains the relevance of television, the digital revolution, computers, and the global culture to human progress. Technology hassled to division among individuals in the society as some are financially able to access and use the technology over others. Technology has impacted social change through improved education, as students get to educate themselves on the free internet sites. It also helps in addressing human needs and coping up with environmental hazards and disasters. Technological advancements have assisted in the prevention of corruption through computation and analysis of data. The change will always occur since human beings desire to change. The regular changes in society have been influenced by the introduction of new technology.
On the other hand, it is also associated with negative effects that include; dehumanization, which leads to online hostility and bullying, social isolation (reduction of social interactions between people), lack of privacy, issues among others (Kovarik, 2015). Communication technology has created threats to children's safety, the privacy of information stored in the computer, cybercrime (hackers activities like email phishing theft and fake banking websites and spying tool). In general, to appreciate technological advancement, individuals should focus on the present issues concerning society. We should not always depend on past experiences to predict the present and the future. This may lead to a delayed response to the problem that needs to be solved urgently or even lead to the formulation of inaccurate procedures. This will help in ensuring human progress and cooperation in society.
References
Bridle, J. (2018). New dark age: Technology and the end of the future. Verso Books.
Kovarik, B. (2015). Revolutions in communication: Media history from Gutenberg to the digital age. Bloomsbury Publishing USA.
McNutt, J. G. (Ed.). (2018). Technology, activism, and social justice in a digital age. Oxford University Press.
Van der Vleuten, E., Oldenziel, R., & Davids, M. (2017). Engineering the Future, Understanding the Past. In Engineering the Future, Understanding the Past. Amsterdam University Press.
Advantages and disadvantages of mobile payment systems in developed countries and developing countries.
In the contemporary world, mobile technology is on the rise. It is for this technology that a lot of transactions are done via mobile. Thus the introduction of mobile money, which makes it possible to transfer funds, pay bills, save or even borrow via mobile. These possibilities among others are the advantages of mobile money systems. However, the significance of mobile payment systems varies from developed to developing countries. In the developed countries mobile payments services have the following advantages: Mobile payments systems get a direct link to the banks and incorporation of Near Field Communication (NFC) in smart devices, which is a principle making people make their payments for products and services on site (Kshetri & Acharya, 2012). However, in the developed countries many companies are providing this payment system thus raising the issue of compatibility across the system.
Additionally, in developing countries, mobile payment systems have the following advantages, one of them is the use of short message services eliminating the problem of compatibility among devices. Also, the system allows its users to transfer money to friends and families regardless of the distance. However, the system is characterized by a couple of limitations, one being that onsite payment is not implemented yet and the complicated procedures that are used on the registration on these systems.
What are the key factors that differentiate the different mobile payment systems? Which factors do consumers care most about? Which factors do merchants care most about?
Various payment systems have existed all along, but of late following the invention of mobile phones and mobile money forms transactions have changed. Using the United States as our example and study case, before the introduction of mobile payment systems financial transactions were performed by merchant banks and credit cards such as Visa and MasterCard, where transactions were completed without contact. In addition, using PayPal customers could finish their transactions by entering phone numbers and PINs or use magnetic stripe cards (Sinha et al., 2019). With mobile phones, payment systems individuals are in a position to carry on the transaction even with or without bank accounts via the short message service (SMS). This has made customers ensure contact in transactions and enjoy convenience advantage, which is an aspect that merchants care much about.
Are there forces that are likely to encourage one of the mobile payment systems to emerge as dominant? If so, what do you think will determine which becomes dominant?
Some forces encourage the adoption of the mobile payments system. One of the major factors or dimensions that greatly encourage the use of this system is convenience. It is via this system that consumers simply type on their devices their location codes, and products and services get delivered everywhere. This system has also an advantage as it supports peer-to-peer transactions.
Is there anything the mobile payment systems could do to increase the likelihood of them becoming dominant?
However, to increase the likelihood of adoption and making this system dominant it is important to assure clients' security. This is a concern as for merchants, fraud has been an area of concern, where transactions are not guaranteed by a third party. Addressing the issue of fraud in the mobile payment system would lure many people to the system and thus becoming dominant.
Importantly, apply as many of the COs (Course Objectives) as you can to the case.
In this case study, some major objectives have been presented. The objectives are to understand the impacts of the mobile phone around the world. The concern is to point out the advantages and disadvantages of using the mobile payments system both in developing and developed countries. In the same effort, examining how the adoption of the new system can dominate over the existing modes of payments such as PayPal that have been by merchants in the purchase of products and services.
What Responsibility Do People Have When Developing New Technology?
Introduction
Attention grabber
According to technological experts, human evolution and survival are pegged on the pace of technological developments.
Background
In the current world, technological advancement has been used to cure diseases, alleviate poverty, and even for educational purposes. Despite the numerous advantages experienced through the development of technology, there is a certain level of responsibility tied to the usage and advancement of technology. In the context of 'Frankenstein' written by Mary Shelley and 'the immortal life of Henrietta lacks' by Rebecca, technological advancements should be highly regulated.
Thesis statement
Technological advancement, if not checked can become a risk to human existence. Human survival make-up usually seeks security due to the uncertainty connected to the future.
Body
Link sentence to the first body paragraph
Mary Shelley’s ‘Frankenstein' highlights the link between human existence and nature.
Body paragraph
Frankenstein ends up killing Victor, his creator. Also, victor's brother does not escape the consequences of his actions. Frankenstein represents the dangers technology pose to human existence. In the current world, technologists are developing artificial intelligence robots that have replaced most human work. Consequently, most of the human work force remain unemployed due to the adverse effects robots have caused.
First main point
Advancing technology even when humans do not need it seems to be the new norm because humans end up having irrelevant technology which they cannot convert to good use (Shelley 117). For example, some smartphones can open fridge doors and even dictate sleeping patterns. These types of technology are not necessary and only serve to reduce human interaction with the natural world.
Sub point
That is the main reason technologists need to be accountable due to the extensive impact technology had on human existence. Also, humans need a deeper understanding to control technology.
Sub point
For example, the creator of Frankenstein did not have clue that his creation would end his life if he knew he would be more careful.
Sub point
In essence, the need to regulate technology advancement is tied to its impact on human life, if any technological development negatively human life then their future is insecure.
Link sentence
In ‘the immortal life of Henrietta lacks’ a woman's genetic makeup is used to explore the benefits technological advancement can have on people ad even an entire family. The ethical aspect of the studies done on Mrs. Lack makes one question the ethics that was applied behind them.
Sub point
First of all, some of her cells were taken out of her body without her consent. Despite her poor background, her cells could not compensate for her poor life. For instance, her cells were vital in the development of the polio vaccine, the creation of clones, and genetic mapping One of the most ironic thing about Lack’s life is that she could not afford medical fee at Hopkins, the medical institution responsible for extracting and examining her genetic makeup, ‘she like most black patients, only went to Hopkins when she thought she had a choice' (Skloot 15).
Sub point
It is vital to note that Henrietta Lacks lived at a time when the Black Americans were segregated from the rest of the white Americans hence should only have access to the 'colored' part of Hopkins medical facilities where the medics offered inferior medication (Skloot 109).
Sub point
The fact that in the quest for technological advancement, a scientist can ignore the plight of someone and even go-ahead to extract cells from her body without her knowledge is distasteful to technological advancement (Nemitz 78).
Link sentence
One of the ways that can justify the advancement of technology is the observation of ethical norms accompanied by technological advancement (Nemitz 216).
Main point
In the medical world, it is wrong for someone to take genetic makeup from a patient without his or her permission. It is also immoral to benefit from one's Lack's genetic makeup without benefiting the person from whom the genetic material was collected.
Sub point
Ethical norms protect the general public from exploitation and unwarranted tests and trials (Nemitz 102). For instance, whenever, there is a good work ethic. All the issues governing the research and development of new technology have to be systematic.
Sub point
This way, it becomes easy to monitor the ongoing of a certain technological advancement if the initiators of the entire research adhered fully to the regulations set in place (Nemitz 415). This way, human lives are secured from technology that could harm them in the future.
Sub point
There are numerous underlying reasons for adhering to ethical norms while advancing technology (Nemitz 101). One of the reasons is that ethical norms ensure that any technological progress supports human life. No technology should harm human life. Also, researchers in the medical field should be able to explain the background of each of their findings.
Link sentence
Technology enables the adaptation of human life to the ever changing environmental. Therefore, it enables human to survive and existence (Nemitz 118). Consequently, the need to regulate it so that it might not come to harm human beings.
Conclusion
In summary, advancement in technology should be highly regulated. The role of technology should be the improvement of human life. As exemplified in Frankenstein, humans should understand technology beforehand. Otherwise, it would harm the human existence. Human dignity should be respected and upheld whenever people come up with new technology. For instance, Lack's should have been informed that her genetic content was extracted from her body. This way, it could have been easier to monitor the entire process.
Work cited
Nemitz, Paul. "Constitutional democracy and technology in the age of artificial intelligence." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 376.2133 (2018): 20180089.
Advancement in technology has made it easier for businesses to reach their target audience and make their products readily available to their customers. Different organizations have established unique ways to incorporate different forms of technology into their organizational culture to assist employees to perform their tasks better and also increase the quality and speed of production. The Coca-Cola Company for instance relies on the Internet of Things and other developments made through technology to expand its market share, improve the decision-making process, and offer better quality products and services.
Internet of things
The Internet of Things refers to the different physical products that exist in society and across the globe that are connected via the internet and assist in collecting data and sharing information. Advancements in the manufacture of affordable and efficient computer chips combined with the efficiency of wireless networks enable different organizations to connect devices as small as Bluetooth headsets to something as large as an airplane (Coca Cola, 2018). The patterns created to enhance the wireless network functioning capability as well as providing more avenues for businesses to collect data and relevant information regarding their customers. The information can be used to assess the business's environment and anticipate areas that may create opportunities as well as prepare for future threats.
The company also speeds up decision making and customer satisfaction through devices and services made available through the Internet of Things. The company has created a system where customers can inform the organizations when their vending machines are empty and need to be refilled (Coca Cola, 2018). The information not only ensures that the machines are readily stocked, but also provides information needed to assess customer preferences and also identify the products that are doing well in the market. Coca Cola can use the information collected when refilling to determine which of its products are consumed faster and thus help in deciding which commodities to stock when refilling (IoB, 2016). It also gives the company valuable insight when deciding which products to promote or innovate to have the desired outcomes.
Blockchain
The term Blockchain is used about the process where an organization continuously updates its digital records concerning processes and practices engaged within the organization and its market. The blockchain consists of important information regarding transactions that take place, the time and place the transactions took place as well as any other information that can be used to improve decision making and enhance the quality of products and services offered (Atkinson, 2018). The information is encrypted into what is referred to as a block and linked to other blocks to form the chain that helps speed up decision making and processes engaged in within an organization. At Coca Cola, the blockchains offer transparency and continuous reconciliation as well as ensuring that employees in different departments within the organization have access to the same information and operate under common goals and objectives. Blockchains make it difficult for hackers to access any sensitive information because the blocks in the chain do not have any form of a centralized system to initiate the hack from (Elias, 2020). The use of blockchains therefore helps the company speed up processes and decision making as information does not have to go through third-party verifications whenever a transaction is required.
The coca-cola company also uses blockchain together with smart contracts and the Internet of Things in its supply logistics which aids in tracking shipments and withholding payments until a delivery is made (Coca Cola, 2018). The company is therefore in better control of its products even when under the care of retailers and distributors. The information is used to track deliveries and ensure that they reach the target audience in ample time. The blockchains create a system where Coca Cola can follow its products in the different stages before reaching the target audience while distributors get help building strong relationships with consumers and retailers.
Customer Relationship Management
Customer Relationship Management refers to the different strategies that organizations use to manage how they interact with their customers as well as potential clients (Rouse, 2016). When implemented properly, customer relationship management assists businesses to streamline their processes and establish better and stronger relationships with their customers which in turn improves the quality of services offered and helps the organization to generate more profits from the increase in sales that occurs as a result.
For Coca-Cola, customer relationships management is used to collect and store customer information such as emails, contact information, and common purchases made. It also helps to track the company’s recent activity such as designs for new products, adoption of new technology, and other processes that can be influenced to improve the quality of products and services offered (Burgess, 2018). The customer relationship management systems then organize the information collected and organized in form of data that can be easily analyzed to determine the impact the organization’s activities have had on the target audience and what is needed to create more efficient relationships in the future. Coca Cola has utilized customer relationships management to create a platform where customers can interact with the company and share helpful insight on what possible changes can be introduced to enhance the quality of services offered.
Customer relationship management also makes it easier for employees at Coca Cola to track conversations that occur on different platforms within the organization. The company has created different platforms such as Twitter, Facebook, Instagram, and other social media sites where consumers can interact with one another and with the organization (Ranger, 2020). The sites are used to give testimonials, inform the target audience about new or innovative products in the market and also collect information about products and services that could be introduced or improved to the quality of products and services offered. With customer relationship management, the company can track issues shared on different platforms and follow up accordingly (Coca Cola, 2020). The feedback collected from the different platforms helps to track conversations and ensure that the customer is assisted regardless of what platform issues originate from.
Augmented Reality
Coca Cola has also employed the use of augmented reality in its bottling plants to improve the quality of production. The company uses headsets or glasses that are used to overlay computer graphics on top of what employees see while working in a real-life environment. The technology incorporated in the headsets enables technicians to view information about they work on while still getting help and tips on how to run diagnostics and fix problems efficiently (Marr, 2016). The technicians, therefore, get access to crucial information about how to go about running maintained in record time and thus make decisions faster and further reduce the risk of making mistakes attributed to human error.
The technology used in augmented also makes it easier for technicians to maintain and conduct repairs on machines that are too far away or in remote locations with ease. Since technology is connected through the internet of things, technicians can perform diagnostics on company equipment like vending machines in remote places without having to physically visit the locations (Coca Cola, 2018). Technicians can also share ideas and work on complicated issues together through the internet and this enhances the speed and efficiency engaged in when making repairs and enhancing the quality of service. The service is especially efficient when managing vending machines on planes and cruise ships during travel instead of waiting for the vessels to finish their journey before the maintenance team is dispatched to make the repairs as changes can be identified using the augmented reality technology and necessary corrections implemented fast and with great convenience.
The different platforms that Coca-Cola uses to interact with its customers assist in collecting data related to customer tastes and preferences as well as an identity in which products are doing well in the market. The company’s data-driven strategy relies on extensive research that extends to fields such as artificial intelligence in an attempt to capture as much information about customer tastes and preferences as possible to improve the quality of production (IoB, 2016). In 2017 for example, the company launched a new cherry-flavored drink that was influenced by information collected from a fountain introduced by the company with the added feature of allowing the consumer to mix ingredients and come up with a unique drink (Coca Cola, 2020). Coca Cola relied on the internet of things to equip the fountain with the ability to keep records of what ingredients were used and in what order as a way to identify a potential opportunity in the market. The data greatly aided in decision making as the company already had an idea of what ingredients to use as well as the type of product that was needed in the market.
Instead of conducting market research and engaging in different activities to assess the market trends and come up with a new product. The decision was narrowed down to how to mix the ingredients favored by customers to launch a new drink. The company also relies on information collected from vending machines used in different parts of the world. The data is collected and transmitted through the internet of things (Ranger, 2020). It also enables consumers to set preferences that enable the vending machines to collect data on which products do well by keeping records of the frequency in which different commodities are restocked. The data collected from the vending machines helps to speed up the decision-making process as the organization already has access to actionable data on how to go about restocking the machines when to schedule maintenance and also what products to market more. The information from the machines reduces the time used up in the field interviewing consumers and assess the market for future trends (Coca Cola, 2018). Coca Cola can conveniently access the information and make informed decisions that enhance the quality of service offered as well as ensuring that the products introduced are relevant and able to satisfy the existing demand.
Coca Cola also utilizes social media data to collect information about consumer demographics, tastes, and preferences as well as the most ideal approaches that the company can use to attract and retain customers. The company’s online presence has created a digital platform where consumers share testimonials, ideas on new products, and services that the company could introduce as well as what changes could be introduced (Burgess, 2018). The data collected helps the company to decide what products to introduce in specific markets as well as what approaches to engage in depending on the demographics of the target audience. Social media helps the company to interact with consumers even in remote places and this greatly helps to identify potential markets that the company could venture into. The decision to expand into new territories is made easier when the company has access to information readily available as it assists in determining what approaches to take during market entry (Coca Cola, 2018). The information further helps in deciding the best method to use when launching advertisements and also how to go about giving incentives and special offers designed to encourage people to choose Coca Cola products and services over others in the market.
3.
Businesses that rely on big data in their operations are tasked with the responsibility of ensuring that the information collected remains private, secure, and used ethically. Since data collection also involves profiling and analytics, organizations end up collecting sensitive information about the consumers either intentionally or through cookies that track a client’s activity while online (Coca Cola, 2020). Coca-cola has the responsibility to maintain transparency and engage the public and other stakeholders in some processes as a way to demonstrate the activities involved before a product or service is made available to the consumer. The challenge however lies in giving enough information to be transparent while still determining which information should be kept private to protect the consumer and also the company’s operations.
The company must further ensure that any sensitive information collected is kept private and secure. The switch to the internet of things has exposed different organizations to cyber-attacks and hacks designed to gain access to a company’s sensitive information (Bennet, 2018). For Coca Cola, the large market share and dominance in the market makes it a target for hackers because of the high number of customers it serves. The company has to invest in different firewalls and security measures to prevent hackers from accessing sensitive information regarding the company or its clients.
Coca Cola must also enhance its confidentiality policies to reduce the risk of consumers’ identity from being revealed through re-identification. Data collected through different platforms may collect varying information about a consumer such as the location where they make purchases or the preferred mode of payment (Boyd, 2010). Continuous use in different locations can create patterns that can be analyzed to reveal sensitive information such as the consumer’s residence or place of work, name, banking information, and any other sensitive information that could be accessed by hackers. Coca-Cola must therefore invest in data collection methods that do not include information that can be used to track the user through re-identification to enhance the security of data collected.
Ethical considerations also come into play when determining the safety and security of the information collected by the Coca Cola company through big data. The organization must ensure that the information collected does not result in discrimination or determinism when determining what approach to use in specific locations. Although there are strong stereotypes that dictate the way people in society function, the data collected by Coca-Cola should in no way be used to determine how the organization functions in a specific location (Bennett, 2018). Coca Cola should instead rely on its demographics and market analysis to come up with ideal approaches to use to break away from stereotypes that could create a negative image of the market in question.
Another ethical responsibility has to do with the company’s approach when launching new products in the market. Coca Cola’s huge market share and market dominance make it easy for the company to spread its influence in the market it operates in. although new products are introduced following the company’s ability to anticipate the consumer’s future tastes and preferences, Coca Cola is also in a position where it can introduce a product and garner enough support to convince consumers they need the product even when they may not (Bennet, 2018). Coca Cola can create echo chambers where advertising is used to ensure that consumers are provided with information that intentionally confirms their attitudes. Coca-Cola must however ensure that its processes are influenced by the needs and preferences originating from the consumer to ensure that the products and services are intended to satisfy needs in the market rather than only helping the company to meet its objectives.
References
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Bennett S, (2018) “Big data, privacy and information governance: Incorporating and ethical based assessment” Sibenco, retrieved from, https://www.sibenco.com/big-data-privacy- does-your-organisation-need-an-ethical-based-approach/
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Marr B. (2016) “Coca Cola: Driving success with AI and Big Data” Forbes, retrieved from, https://www.bernardmarr.com/default.asp?contentID=1280
Ranger S, (2020) “What is the IOT: Everything you need to know about the internet of things right now” ZD Net, retrieved from, https://www.zdnet.com/article/what-is-the-internet-of- things-everything-you-need-to-know-about-the-iot-right-now/
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