Utilizing Technology in Research

During the past research that I have conducted, I have relied on different sources to get information regarding the topic I am researching. The most effective method while conducting research is using the internet whereby I use different search engines, for example, Google and other online libraries belonging to various colleges and universities that I attend at that time. The internet is full of articles, sites, and books that have information on every topic you choose. It is therefore of importance to check the source of article or information to ensure that they can be relied on. Using a variety of different sources is important because it is hard for you to miss any important point. It also gives you a wide range of information, facts, and ideas about your topic. A research paper requires you to demonstrate a strong knowledge of your topic and that is the reason for using a variety of sources, to make sure that you address every requirement of the research topic.

In research, sources are important because they act as the supporting evidence for your research and that is another reason why it is important to get a reliable source. Most colleges and universities completely dismiss the use of sites such as Wikipedia which are not reliable and their information could be altered hence giving you the wrong information. I use scholarly or peer-reviewed journals while conducting research. This is because, for peer-reviewed articles and journals, they have been written by experts and reviewed by several other experts in the particular field. This is done to ensure that the article is of quality. Peer-reviewed journals for me work perfectly because of citing purposes which is a requirement in research. For web searches, I use google scholar, google books, and online journal search engine. Google scholar has better results because it is an academic search engine from the house of Google. It is designed to search for scholarly literature and enables you to explore many sources such as books, journals, articles, and abstracts from different academic publishers, universities, and other relevant websites. Google Books is a search engine that has a variety of books and you read them at no cost. The online journal search engine is also free and has a variety of journals, articles, research reports, and books that are scientifically published. Getting an effective web search engine gives you effective results.

From the information I got from all the sources that I used, I noted the information that would be useful for my research paper. I documented all the sources that I searched from and this included the author, title, and the other important information that I would need to develop a bibliography later on after finishing the paper. I then began by organizing the information that I had, having in mind that I needed an introduction, body paragraphs, and a conclusion. I identified the themes and the major points I wanted to put across. I used the themes and points as headings and wrote brief notes on what I wanted to include in each heading. The point of these headings was to help me with the paragraphs in the main body. I organized my notes from each reference that I had according to the points I had identified. After finishing the draft process, I confirmed that I had covered all the major points that the topic required.

 For the introduction, I took the information that helped me introduce my topic, including the major points that will be in the main body and this helped me develop my thesis statement. I then began writing the paragraphs and using my draft it was easy to connect and know how to organize them. In the body paragraphs, I used the evidence that I got from the sources to develop and make my point. The information I got from the sources also guided me on exploring the topic while putting down my points and my arguments. The variety of sources that I had gave me enough evidence to understand exactly what I needed to discuss. Having enough evidence to support the idea in every paragraph is important to be able to fulfill the purpose. In my conclusion, I restated my thesis statement and summarized the main points of the essay. A conclusion is a summary of what the reader has read and so I returned to the ongoing conversation and emphasized on it intending to leave my ideas resounding in the mind of the reader. I then read throughout the essay to see if the ideas and the paragraphs connected as they should and where they did not I rectified. I proofread the essay to make sure the punctuations, grammar, and tenses were correct.

In conducting market research, two types of data are collected and this is the primary and secondary data (Zikmund, Carr & Griffin 2013). Primary research is the information that is directly from the source and this is the potential clients. Secondary research includes gathering studies, reports, and any other relevant data from other organizations. Secondary research is mostly used and there is plenty of information on the internet and your local library. Librarians in the public and university libraries are of great help when it comes to this research. Other sources found online that connect industrial buyers and sellers can also be very helpful. The good part is that they can be found in most libraries as well as online. These sources help in targeting businesses in a certain industry, get information about the competitors, or even find manufacturers for your product.

 Government agencies are another source of business research. This is through the government publications that show the statistics in a specific area. Most of this information is available online whereby the government has an official web portal that is another reliable source. Businesses also use maps for research whereby they show the main areas of commerce and can help in making a judgment about the accessibility of different sites. Local colleges and universities are valuable sources of information (Zikmund, Carr & Griffin 2013). Students in the business departments that are eager to work in the real world and are willing to gather information and do research at no cost. Community organizations can provide useful information at no cost and assist with selecting a site, demographic reports, and directories of local businesses. They also offer marketing seminars and relevant topics that help in the research. The internet is the most used method of business research nowadays, entrepreneurs conduct their research using their computers. The online services and information provides access to business databases and here you can find all the information that you need. The online sources give the most accurate and cost-effective information in very little time.

When conducting business research, it is important to first define and understand your kind of customers. Out of the customers that you have, you should identify a portion of them that you will engage with to find out their characteristics, challenges, and buying habits. When choosing the customers to engage with, it is of importance that you select people who have bought your product and your competitor’s product to be able to get their response from both points of view. When engaging the research participants, pull out a list of customers who recently made a purchase and those that did not. Participants from social media will give sincere feedback on why they did not purchase your product. It is also wise to get information from your co-workers, friends, and every other connection that you may have (Hair 2015). This will increase the feedback given and this will be a success to your research. Choosing an incentive for motivation is important for the participants and the research. To ensure that you get the most out of the conversations that you intend to have with the participants, you should prepare your research questions. After getting opinions from the research participants, you should now list your primary competitors, identify the industry competitors. This will help determine what you need to improve on and know the products and services that overlap with yours. By now you have all the information you need and you now need to summarize what you found.

References

Hair, J. F. (2015). Essentials of business research methods. ME Sharpe.

Zikmund, W. G., Carr, J. C., & Griffin, M. (2013). Business Research Methods (Book Only).

Cengage Learning.

Impacts of Technology in the Workplace

Introduction

Technology is the branch of cognition that is concerned with the development and use of technical means and their interaction with life and society. It is a summation of skills or methods that are used to produce services or goods. It can also be used to accomplish objectives for example scientific research. Technology impacts how different people communicate, think, and gain information. It helps to determine how people relate to each other playing an important role in the workplace and society at large. Technology in the global world that we live in increases the productivity of goods and services, replaces humans with robots and automated machines which leads to social inequality.

A new wave in the society that has been brought by the use of technology has provided a platform for a remarkable change in the way we work Holland &Bardoel (2016). These changes have helped to develop a revitalized interest in how work is designed and this is the smart side of technology. The dark side is when the advances of technology can provide an unusual level of electronic tracking and surveillance of work and workers both in and out of the workplace. This can bring up dangerous unions when associated with human resource practices that are made to create trust and commitment relations. This can bring about a negative impact on the employees and their work. These changes have an impact on policies and practice while companies look towards competitive advantage through workers who are traversing new ways to work through technology.

According to Parry & Battista (2019), the development of technology will cause changes in the workplace that will disintegration of traditional employment relations. It will also lead to the use of artificial actuality instead of travel and humans will be replaced with robots and artificial intellectuals. Currently, robots are being used to automate very simple activities and also make complex verdicts for example making a diagnosis in the medical sector. This means that many people will lose their jobs as a result of technology. There will be a new generation of employees with different attitudes compared to the previous labor force. For the employers, they will have to use large financial incentives to automate their systems that are normally handled by people. This automation will eventually have an impact on the nature of the job. It is upon the employers also to consider how the employees can be trained with new skills that are a result of technology for them to be able to retain their jobs.

Technology has helped to increase flexibility in terms of place and time. This is in the sense that organizations can meet employees’ needs and reduce the costs that are connected to a physical workplace. Internet technologies have made it possible for people to work remotely and even outside the normal office hours. It is also noted that besides technology, increased numbers of women in the workplace and pliable pension plans have also increased the flexibility in the workplace. Technology's impact on the well- being of the employee is that they are likely to overwork causing damage to their well-being.” For example, employees from Google referred to connectivity as an “electronic leash” that damages their wellbeing” Parry & Battista (2019). This happens because, with technology, work becomes nearer and can be easily accessed and at any time.

Technology can oppress or uplift people in the workplace. “Self-motivation and well-being are increased when autonomy, competence, and relatedness are satisfied and diminished when these needs are thwarted” Cascio & Montealegre (2016). A person should be able to control what they do, be competent, and feel connected to other people in the workplace. When technology leads to a lack of these things, people may become stressed, distracted, and have unproductive work behaviors. Technology impacts humans in several ways such as, how easy or complex it is to use, how efficient effective it is. People who feel that they are capable of using, learning new technology have no worries when new technology is introduced. Considering the role of social factors in accepting technology is significant. For example, if family and friends are using a certain technology, another person from that circle will easily adopt it.  

Despite the economic growth that has led to the development of jobs, there has been an income inequality that is existing globally. Inequality is a threat to social well-being because it goes past fairness Kharlamova, Stavytskyy & Zarotiadis (2018). Technology helps to empower automation, helps in the production of new products and services, and improves markets and at the same time, new ones opened. Social and personal progress is enlarged due to international trade. However, the development of robots and other automated machines through increasing labor productivity is a threat to the labor force. Workers who are not skilled are the most affected by technology because their work is replaced by robots, automated lines among others.

Conclusion

Technology in the workplace helps to increase productivity, saves time, and physical space. It affects traditional employment relations and replaces humans with robots and automated machines. Technology has the power to oppress or uplift people in terms of how usable, effective, or efficient it is. It helps to strengthen markets and helps to open new ones reducing the labor force. This leads to the loss of jobs for humans who their work is replaced by the different forms of technology. 

References

Cascio F.W & Montealegre R. (2016) How Technology Is Changing Work and Organizations

The Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behaviors online

atorgpsych.annualreviews.org.

Kharlamova, G., Stavytskyy, A., & Zarotiadis, G. (2018).The impact of technological changes

on income inequality: the EU states case study. Journal of International Studies, 11(2),

76-94.

Parry E and Battista V. (2019) The impact of emerging technologies on work: a review of the

evidence and implications Emerald Open Research 2019:5 for the human resource

function [version 1; peer review: 2 approved, 1 approved with reservations

Peter Holland & Anne Bardoel (2016) The impact of technology on work in the twenty-first

century: exploring the smart and dark side, The International Journal of Human Resource

Management, 27:21, 2579-2581,

How technology contributes to the degradation of morals in society

Introduction

            Since the industrial evolution, Humanity has made various technological inventions that seek to make life safer, more convenient and suitable for people in different aspects of society. In an attempt to enhance the efficiency of processes, technology has been incorporated into various aspects of society such as education, manufacturing, transport, medicine and even the military to mention a few. Doctors rely on machines to diagnose patients while the transport and manufacture industry rely on different types of machines to make the processes smoother, safer and more convenient for human beings. New inventions and innovations are developed on a daily basis as human beings seek out more ways to use technology to better their lives. However, despite various measures and research being conducted to ensure that the incorporation of technology into human activities yields positive results, there are occurrences where the different inventions achieved through technological advancements have negative outcomes either intentionally or by accident. The various technological advancements have also exposed society to vices that would otherwise not have occurred if the technology had not been adopted in society. The negative outcomes are often as a result of the misuse of technology, exploitation by individuals seeking to cause damage or through poor implementation and adoption of technology. Although technology has a lot of advantages, its use in society has led to the degradation of morals as it exposes people to harmful and immoral content and environments, they would not have had access to without the intervention of technology.

Problem statement

            The negative impact arising from the use of technology in society is as a result of the access and convenience that technology creates not just at the community level but on a global scale. Through technology, people can communicate across geographical barriers that made such interactions difficult in the past (OECD, 2016). The fast access is facilitated by the world wide web, a means of communication that links people through devices such as smart phones, tablets and computers. The fast access makes it possible for someone in a remote place such as developing countries in Africa to reach someone in a country as far away as Asia or Europe. The connection usually occurs instantly and this allows communication between the parties involved both through video and audio. The access to information and people that is established through technology has made it easier for people to spread their influence, both good and bad, and this is the major reason why technology is major contributor of degradation of morals in today’s society (Westera, 2013). The negative impact of technology is however as a consequence of how people choose to use the technology, they have access to. Whenever technological advancements occur, a lot of emphasis is placed towards bringing people closer together to aid in communication and human interactions. This however has a negative outcome especially in cases where people use technology to share ideas and spread propaganda.

The degradation of morals is also as a result of the content that is made available through the various forms of technology. Since technology is incorporated into different aspects of technology, its impact is different depending on the form of technology used (OECD, 2016). The correlation between technology and degradation of morals will therefore focus on the different forms of technology and how their use in society has led to the degradation of morals and the spread of unethical behaviour.

• The Internet

The internet is one of the greatest technological advancements in society today. Its use was made popular by the dominance of computers and innovation of smartphones and laptop computers (Westera, 2013). Computers have changed how society functions as the devices are found in almost all sectors in the community. Hospitals, schools, hotels and different industries rely on computers to handle basic tasks such as keeping records and compiling data. With the introduction of the internet however, their functions extended to other parts of society such as business, entertainment and communication. Their popularity is as a result of the fast access that they provide, making it possible for people to communicate in real time regardless of the distance separating the two parties (Gordon & Burckhart, 2014). The internet offers an unlimited amount of information which is greatly helpful to students, doctors, and various professions as the information is readily available over the web.

      Before technological interventions, learning in developing countries often occurred in schools where content was carefully filtered before being made accessible to students and teenagers. Elders, parents and caregivers bore the responsibility of sourcing research materials such as books (Valkenburg & Piotrowski, 2017). Learning therefore focused on helping the youth gain more knowledge and acquire skills needed to become successful citizens. The absence of communication also meant that interaction was engaged in at a community level and interaction across different countries was rare. With the introduction of computer technology however, learning has taken on a rather freelance approach where students can access information they originally got from their parents and peers by searching on the internet (Valkenburg & Piotrowski , 2017). Through computers, the youth no longer need guidance from their parents or caregivers as the information is readily available on the internet.

The negative outcome is therefore as a result of how easily people can access content from the internet. Unlike in the past where immoral publications could be destroyed and access to such information curtailed by parents and teachers, the internet gives unrestricted access to sites that offer misleading and immoral content such as pornography. Access is further enhanced through the various devices that can be used to access the internet (Dutton, 2013). Devices such as laptops, tablets and smartphones are used to access the internet. People are no longer limited to physical locations as the information can be accessed on the go through these devices.

• Music and films

Degradation of morals resulting from the use of technology is also as a result of the content that is found in music and films. Technological advancements have made it possible to share music and videos across different parts of the world. Since different countries have varying definitions of what is considered ethical or immoral, the ability to share such content has led to degradation of morals especially in regions that cannot control what material citizens have access to (Luppicini, 2013). In countries like the United States, issues related to nudity and public display of affection are common. Such behaviours are however unethical and are considered immoral in countries that practise Islam and other religions that are against nudity and provocative behaviour. Since different countries practice different beliefs, geographic barriers ensure that customs and practices from another country do not cross over and influence people in a different country (Luppicini, 2013). While safeguarding a people’s culture is relatively easy within the country, influence from other countries makes it difficult and this attributes to the degradation of morals.

Some of the content in film and music entails content that is only acceptable in one country but would be considered immoral in another. While such content was kept internal due to geographic barriers, the introduction of technology made it possible for people to influence each other’s culture on a global scale (Edgar, 2002). A song produced in the United States for instance can be accessed by an individual in Kenya provided that the individual has access to a computer and access to the internet. Although there are restrictions on the kind of content that is acceptable for release as music in the United States, the criteria for determining this may differ across geographic boundaries (Hargrave & Livingstone, 2009). Some forms of nudity may be acceptable in the United States but be deemed immoral and unethical in Kenya. However, the organizations that determine the ethics behind music do not necessarily take into consideration the criteria used in other countries because their authority is limited to the country, they operate in.

However, since it is possible to access the same music across the world, the content is exposed to regions that have higher moral restrictions. Nudity is one of the greatest concerns and it is common in both music and films. Music videos from different parts of the world display a lot of nudity and indecent exposure. Films on the other hand are riddled with sex scenes and acts of violence that could be detrimental to the public (Hjorth, 2008). The exposure to music is intensified by the ease of access and the frequency in which the content is made accessible to the public. Since most videos and films contain a lot of sexual content, it communicates to the audience that engaging in such acts is acceptable.

• Video games

The content in video games also has a negative impact on what is considered moral or unethical.  The negative outcome is as a result of the different variations that are used to determine whether specific content is suitable for the public in different countries. While there are games that are designed to entertain and educate, the nature in which the games are played could have negative ramification on their audience especially in games that target teenagers and young adults (Hargrave & Livingstone, 2009). Some games tend to be violent in nature and could influence the individual to consider violence as a solution to conflict in real life. As is common with most products and services offered through technology, most games are designed to mirror issues that occur in society. Although some exaggerations are used to make the game more captivating, games are designed to be a reflection of what happens in society or events that could occur in the near future.

             Although the decision to make video games resemble society is meant to capture the user’s attention and immerse them in a real-life setting scenario, the approach is greatly to blame for the vices that come about as a result. There are occurrences where users extend their gaming to the real world. The violence instigated in video games has been attributed to the tendency of users to engage in violent acts even in the real world (Hargrave & Livingstone, 2009). Advancements in technology have led to the introduction of virtual reality where the user is immersed into the gaming world to make the experience more real. In the case where the user’s mind is not yet fully developed as in the case for children and teenagers, the influence could be extended to the real world as they are in an age that makes it difficult to differentiate the two. Users could result to using violence to settle disputes similar to how they do in games (Hargrave & Livingstone, 2009). In cases where games have promiscuous and sexual content, the virtual reality makes the impact more severe as the user is immersed in an environment that appears real but in the safety of a videogame. The freedom created allows the user to engage in unethical and immoral act without fearing the consequences of the real world (Hargrave & Livingstone, 2009). However, since the games mirror what happens in society, the influenced over prolonged use could create a scenario where the user engages in a way similar to the video game even when dealing with real; life situations.

Solution

The correlation between technology and the role it plays in degrading morals in society is greatly as a result of the access that people have. The ability to access unlimited content from sources spread out across the world makes it difficult to regulate the content in the information shared, this is especially because different countries operate under different ethical guidelines and moral considerations (Bahloul & Graham, 2012). Since an act may be deemed acceptable in one country and immoral in another, the solution to reduce the role that technology plays in degrading morals should be one that controls access to the products and services made available through technology.

The most ideal solution to reduce the impact that technology has on degradation of morals is to enact a universal code of conduct that governs the use of technology. The degradation of morals is mainly because different countries have a different definition of what qualifies as moral or immoral. While attempts are made to ensure that technology is used in ethical and moral ways, the restrictions are mostly meant to protect the interest of people in a specific country. Game developers for instance take into account the needs of the target audience in the country or market that they operate in (Hargrave & Livingstone, 2009). Since different countries have different customs and beliefs, some games may contain content that is acceptable in one region but deemed unethical in another. The same applies to music and film where some lyrics and video may be acceptable in one country but come out as vulgar and immoral in another region.

A universal code of conduct is an ideal solution as it would take into account the ethical implications of how technology is used and factor in ethical considerations of different regions before making a products or service available through technology. A similar approach is used to safeguard human rights. Although countries have different laws and regulations to govern themselves and their citizens, there are universal rights that are protected for all individuals regardless of what country they come from. Under the universal rights and freedoms, crimes such as rape, murder and racism are treated with the same intensity regarded of geographic location. The universal protection further protects people from oppression not only in their country of origin but also when visiting other countries. The same approach can be used where the universal code of conduct is used to determine how technology is used and then stipulating guidelines to ensure that the products and services attributed to technological use do not degrade people’s morals.

Implementation

            The universal code of conduct can be implemented by the government in different countries and organizations responsible for technological innovations and inventions. Since most of the technological innovations occur in the developed countries, they are in a position to enact laws and policies to implement and regulate the universal code of conduct (Faust, 2019). Organizations responsible for inventing the technology can also come up with ways to regulate the use and the ease in accessing sites that degrade morals such as pornography sites. The policies enacted in the universal code of conduct should factor in the customs and traditions of the regions that will be able to access the technology and services provided through it. The policies should then be structured in such a way that they limit access to sites that are restricted in specific regions and also filter information to ensure that the ideas that exist in one country do not negatively impact people in a different nation.

            The proposed solution is however likely to face challenges in the implementation phase especially when determining what is moral and unethical in different countries. This is especially in cases where the technology itself is nor responsible for the negative outcome. A lot of research will be required in order to come up with a universal code of conduct that pays attention to the ethical and moral considerations of different regions (Faust, 2019). The challenge is further intensified by the reality that some of the morals and ethics are determined by stereotypes that are not necessarily true. The information required to come up with a universal code of conduct to govern over the use of technology is likely to be immense and a lot of research will be required before a universal code of conduct is reached.

Benefits

            Although establishing a universal code of conduct will require a lot of manpower and research, it will create an environment where technology is used for its intended purpose and limit the spread of influence. The code of conduct will make it difficult for influence to spread from one country to another as the content transferrable from one country to another will be determined by the governments involved. Countries will be in a better position to prevent inappropriate content such as violent games, indecent content and nudity from being easily accessible in regions that are against such content. The code of conduct will also ensure that companies responsible for designing content such as video games and films are aware of the restrictions that exist in the region, they intend to make their products available. In addition, the universal code of conduct will raise accountability as each region will be responsible for the content it makes available. Inventors will operate under guidelines that ensure that the end product achieves its intended purpose and there is lesser likelihood that technology can be used to degrade morals.

Conclusion

            The positive impact of technology is watered down by the negative outcomes that result from its use. Although computers enhance communication and improve the efficiency of processes, they also make it easier to access pornographic content and other forms of nudity. The ease in which technology offers access to such information is the reason behind why technology is a major contributor of degradation of morals in society. Through it, people access more information and content that is immoral and this has attributed to the degradation of morals. However, since the use is the problem rather than the technology itself, a solution that seeks out to control the content shared across countries could help remedy the problem and this can be achieved through the enactment and implementation of a universal code of conduct to govern the use of technology and content shared through it.

References

Bahloul, M., & Graham, C. (2012). Lights! camera! action and the brain: The use of film in         education. Newcastle-upon-Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Publishing

Dutton, W. H. (2014). The Oxford handbook of Internet studies. Oxford: Oxford University          Press

Edgar, S. L. (2002). Morality and machines: Perspectives on computer ethics. Sudbury,   Mass: Jones and Bartlett Publishers.

Faust, D. R. (2018). The positive and negative impacts of computers in society. New York:           Power Kids Press

Gordon, J.-S., & Burckhart, H. (2014). Global ethics and moral responsibility: Hans Jonas          and his critics. Surrey: Ashgate.

Hargrave, A. M., & Livingstone, S. M. (2009). Harm and offence in media content: A review       of the evidence. Bristol, UK: Intellect.

Hjorth, L. S. (2008). Technology and society: Issues for the 21st century and beyond. Upper         Saddle River, N.J: Prentice Hall.

Luppicini, R. (2013). Moral, ethical, and social dilemmas in the age of technology: Theories        and practice. Hershey PA Information Science Reference

Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, (2016). 21st Century Technologies: Promises and Perils of a Dynamic Future. Paris: OECD Publishing.

Valkenburg, P., & Piotrowski, J. T. (2017). Plugged in: How media attract and affect youth.        New Haven; London: Yale University Press

Westera, W. (2013). The digital turn: How the internet transforms our existence.   Bloomington, Ind: Author House.

MEMORANDUM

TO:  THE INSTRUCTOR

FROM:

DATE:

RE:  BUSINESS REPORT ON ADOPTING RADICALLY DIFFERENT TECHNOLOGIES.

After a close examination I heavily suggest a business changes that can be implemented to effectively manage the business.  Major and minor changes are important for a business. Technology has been an important aspect of our business, technology infrastructure affects the culture, efficiency and the relationships of a business. Technology is at the forefront of affecting the security of confidential information. With time technology is changing and it has become highly important to update business technologies.  Implementation of new technology enhances the efficiency of departments. New advanced technology is the ultimate solution to increase business productivity.

Benefits of adopting radically different technologies include, enhanced business operations. Technology helps a business understand the cashflow needs and preserve precious resources such as time and space. With proper advanced technology in place the business will be able to save time and money by holding meetings over the internet instead of gathering at cooperate headquarters (Avadikyan, et al., np).  Technology facilitates the creation of a dynamic team within the business since employees in different locations will be able to interact effectively. Technology helps eliminate cliques and social tensions that often hinder business success.

            Just like any business our business too is subject to security threats and vandalism. Technology is utilized to protect the business from cyber security threats.  The business will be in a place to utilize advanced technology to protect confidential data and other proprietary information that can threaten the success of the business if exposed (Ciobanu et al., np). Advanced technology helps facilitate advanced research that in return create new ideas for development this helping the business stay ahead of competition. New technology will allow businesses to conduct market research without engaging with customers on a one on one basis. Customers are an important aspect of any business, adapting different technologies that can enhance the firm’s ability to communicate with its clients is important. Technology will help the firm gain a competitive advantage over large firms.

            When implementing technology, it is important to have in mind that every technology comes withs its own disadvantages; therefore, while implementing new technology it is important to ensure that the advantages outweigh the disadvantages (Ringberg, et al., n.p).  Among these disadvantages is the frustrations of those who will be affected by the new technology. To avoid frustrations, it is important to be transparent as possible when it comes to implementing new technologies since it will only frustrate the employees further. Getting technology endorsers will be effective when easing the process of implementing new technology in the firm.  It is  also important to consider hosting training sessions that will educate employees on the use of new technology, with training employees and stakeholders are likely to be less frustrated with the implementation of new technology (Srinivasan et al., np).  Lastly, it is important for the employer to be patient with the employees, embracing change can always be hard and employees might be reluctant. This, includes being patient with all the people involved in the project keeping in mind that innovation does not happen overnight.

I propose the implementation of new technology with a focus on improving the productivity of the business, increase efficiency in various departments as well as enhance the security of business confidential data. The business will have to significantly go through a few steps to test and adopt new technologies. Failure to keep up with technology is a major cause of missed growth opportunities since businesses must utilize technology to gain market tractions and ensure the growth of the business. I hope to receive feedback on the report. The following sources will be used to support the recommendation.

Works Cited

Avadikyan, Arman, Stéphane Lhuillery, and Syoum Negassi. "Technological innovation, organizational change, and product-related services." M@ n@ gement 19.4 (2016): 277-  304.

Ciobanu, Oana-Georgiana, and Daniela Mihaela Neamţu. "The impact and importance of new     technologies in business development in context of economic diversity." Proceedings of            the International Conference on Business Excellence. Vol. 11. No. 1. De Gruyter Open,       2017.

Ringberg, Torsten, Markus Reihlen, and Pernille Rydén. "The technology-mindset interactions:   Leading to incremental, radical or revolutionary innovations." Industrial Marketing     Management 79 (2019): 102-

Srinivasan, Raji, Gary L. Lilien, and Arvind Rangaswamy. "Technological opportunism and        radical technology adoption: An application to e-business." Journal of marketing 66.3       (2002): 47-60.

The impact of electric cars and how It will change the future

Introduction

According to Hussein Dia in the article “This is how electric cars will transform our lives” Electro-mobility is inevitable but the impact of these cars will be profound.  According to global statistics China is the number one manufacture of cars, the country is scheduled to stop the production of fossil fuel cars by 2030, India was the second nation to declare its intentions to do that.  Most of the countries in Europe, including Germany and France plan to end the production of petrol and diesel vehicles by the next two decades. Automotive manufacturing companies to include, Jaguar, Volvo, Mercedes, Audi and Land Rover have promised to release electric models before the decade is over.  A future that is dominated by electric cars is inevitable but the consequences will be dire.  One of the direst impacts of the production of these cars will be the disruption it will cause in the oil industry.  The manufacture of electric cars will place considerable budgetary stress on major oil-producing countries and radically change the geo-political map, the production of electric cars will largely impact employment distribution in automotive manufacturing countries.  It is my belief that oil manufacturing giants might be at the verge of collapsing with the rise of electric cars in the market.  

Literature Review

To successful complete the research I  will be exploring databases for information on the impacts of electric cars, the primary source of data will be the article by Hussein Dia, “This is how electric cars will transform our lives” the Scholarly article “The impact of electric vehicles on the outlook of future energy system” by Zhuk and Buzoverov will prove to be a great source of data when it comes to deeply understanding the impacts of these cars to the oil-producing countries. I Also found a blog written by Christopher McFadden, “7 Ways Electric Vehicles Are Set to Change the Future”. I will be able to draw from this blog and explore the ways electric cars are set to challenge the future.

Methodology

 In addition to drawing from secondary sources, I hope to interviews the Manager at Mercedes, a company that has already introduced its first electric car, The Mercedes-Benz EQC. From the interview with the Manager I hope to learn about the functioning of the car and what drove the company to manufacturing an electric Benz model, the challenges that comes with the manufacturing of the car and the impacts the car is likely to cause.  The second person to interview will be my sister who is a proud owner of a Tesla, an electric car, from her I hope to gain insight on the users experience and the reason she chooses to purchase an electric powered car instead of a fossil powered car.

Results

Primary Research question;” Are the profound and dire impacts of electric cars likely to be remedied in the long run?”  Also, “Why are people interested in electric cars more than fuel cars and what drives people to purchasing electric cars?” I want to understand the impacts of electric cars more clearly and what the future holds when the automobile market will be dominated by only electric-cars, fossils cars gone and forgotten.  Also understanding the first and foremost impact of these electric cars will be important in remedying the impacts electric cars will have on oil production.

References

Dia, H., 2017., “This is how electric cars will transform our lives”. Retrieved from;             https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2017/10/three-ways-electric-vehicles-will-change-our-   world

McFadden, C., 2019., 7 Ways Electric Vehicles Are Set to Change the Future”. Retrieved from;             https://interestingengineering.com/7-ways-electric-vehicles-are-set-to-change-the-future

Zhuk, A., & Buzoverov, E. (2018, February). The impact of electric vehicles on the outlook of     future             energy system. In IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering        (Vol. 315, No. 1, p. 012032). IOP Publishing.

 Introduction

            As much as technological advancement is concerned, the aim of this research will entail examining some of the strategies that the Maryland Technology Consultants can use to be in the position of improving their employee recruitment programs as well as their decision-making process. As a result of that, it will be vital to take the opportunity of identifying the manner n which IT system has the potential of the decision that the organization ends up implementing. Accordingly, it will be vital to evaluate the modern IT systems that have been realized to have the potential of improving decision-making process in the majority of the firms and the manner in which it aid in improving the economies of scale of such firms. In so doing, it will be vital to recommend the paramount applicant tracking system which can assist in improving the organization’s instant hiring of workers. The reason for that is because the prevailing information indicates that MTC, as one of the recently developing business organization, cannot have the capacity of affording full-time recruitment. As a result of that, it will be vital to recommend the best employee recruitment process that will be relatively cheaper and efficient to the company.

1. Business strategy

            According to the information collected, the company is currently using hiring personnel for the purpose of recruiting workers. This in return has the negative effect of making the recruitment personnel to do a lot of work that entail identifying experienced and qualified individuals to fit the positions of the firm. The reason for that is because such an organization ultimately requires individuals who have the capacity of meeting out the tasks to be assigned to effectively as well as enabling the company to achieve its goals (Belangerc& Van, 2012).  Ideally, the recruitment rate has ended up becoming extremely slow. Therefore, to be in the position of resolving this problem, it is important to integrate modern technology in enhancing or easing the employment process.

            With the usage of such technology, it means that the rate of employment will increase hence limiting shortages. Moreover, it will be possible to indicate all the qualifications that are required by the organization. In the process of sending qualifications, the use of such technology will enable the organization to have the organization to take little time in identifying qualified individuals (Paul, 2015).

1. Competitive advantage

            As much as proper business management is concerned, the use of the proposed technology will enable the organization to have a competitive advantage. The reason behind that is because it will be easier to employ workers within a short period of time. What this implies is the fact that with the presence of qualifies workers, it will be delivery of services will be faster hence enabling the esteemed customers to be satisfied with the services that they will be receiving (Carr, 2004). 

            On the other hand, the use of modern information technology (IT) will enable the organization to have the ability of retaining its customers as well as attracting others who desire the services it offers. Ideally, it is vital to ensure that the customers have been satisfied before they embark on seeking such services from other companies found in the same industry (Rao, 2016). What this implies is the fact that the use of this technology will have the ability of enabling the company to have the potential of identifying qualified workers just with a short period of time. In return, it will be easier for the management authority of the company to be in the position of preventing some instances in which clients are not receiving quality information as a result of shortage of workers (Paul, 2015).

1. Strategic objectives

In the process of implementing the use of this technology, it is important to come up with the main objectives that the company desires to achieve at the end of the day. They include;

1. To increase the capability of MTC through offering high-quality consulting services required by the esteemed customers
2. To be in the position of increasing the competitive advantage of the company through using highly qualified consultants
3. To be in the position of increasing the business development or the economies of scale of the company through winning qualified new consultants in all areas dealing with information technology consulting
4. To be in the position of building a cadre of organizational consultants who can aid in fostering analysis support and remote researches internationally.

            After achieving all that, it implies that the management authority of the company could have managed to implement the use of this technology successfully in the process of hiring workers. 

1. Decision making

            In the process of making any decision in the business, there are various factors that have to be taken into consideration. The reason for that is because they are the ones that can enable the management authority to have the ability of achieving the goals of its establishment. In the process of gathering enough information, it will be easier for the organization to have the ability of making sound decisions that can assist the organization to realize its objectives (Howard & Hargiss, 2017). 

                                                            References

Belanger, F., & Van, S. C. (2012). Information systems for business: An experiential approach. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.

Carr, N. G. (2004). Does It Matter?: Information Technology and the Corrosion of Competitive Advantage. Boston: Harvard Business Review Press.

In Howard, C., & In Hargiss, K. (2017). Strategic information systems and technologies in modern organizations.  Hershey, Pennsylvania IGI Global

In Iyamu, T. (2015). Strategic information technology governance and organizational politics in modern business. Hershey, Pennsylvania IGI Globa

Paul, G. (2015). Beyond E-Business: Towards networked structures. Routledge Press

Rao, C.B. (2016).  Technology and Competitive Strategy: Perspectives for Innovators, Differentiators and Followers. Notion Press

Introduction

            Misconceptions are the incorrect views based on faulty thinking and understanding. There is the misconception among adults concerning teenagers and technology. The adults are thinking that the teenagers are being ruined by technology. They are usually thinking that what the teenagers are doing in the social media is mainly sending dirty images among their friends and other non-constructive activities. Adults also think that the teenagers are less hard-working as the adults are simply because they seem not to care at all. They never think that a teenager can set and work on goals and do constructive activities. That is not how it works as the new generation is advantageous due to the technology. It should be clear that the teenagers have a certain goals and they usually work hard to manage them as the adults do.

            The easier accessibility of cell phones among the teenagers is an issue that is facilitating to exchange of dirty images. The adults have the feeling that there is a lot of exchange of sexualized photos through the cell phones. The parents do also not understand about the message content that is being exchanged by the teenagers through the cell phones (Blair, Sampson, Patricia & Samuel, 382). It is only the fears of what the teenagers are doing with their cell phones that are making them think that they are exchanging negative and harmful messages but it is not evidence-based. This not how it works as the members of the youth culture are nowadays valuing frequent and quick communication. The texting during the adolescent and teenage period has been enabling youths to adapt to the fast and frequent communication which is basically essential among the new generation where almost every aspect of life as being carried out through internet.

            Adults believe that watching television is highly facilitating to development of crimes. They believe that the individuals who are addicted in too much watching of the television are having the highest chances of watching crime videos. This is eventually developing fears concerning personal safety and crimes among the television viewers (Bryant, Jennings & eds, 56). This is not how it works as the television viewing is enabling them to achieve a lot of skills in reading and they are able to acquire many scripts of numerous social situations as a result of watching the television prototypes. They are also in the position of getting knowledge concerning occupations especially those who are not schooling due to various reasons. They are in the positions of getting jobs easily through watching job advertisements.

            The adults believe that the adolescents have no privacy by exposing their lives in the social media like the face book. This is not the way it works as what the adults perceive to be private is not necessarily what the adolescents view as private. The adolescents believe that maintaining privacy in internet is a matter of deciding on whom should see their information and who should not (Walrave, Michel, Koen, Ellen, Jacques & Barbara, 145). They disclose the information in different manner depending on the kind of social network, for example through the use of email versus instant message, they reveal their information in instant messaging when they are having the feeling of being less restricted.   

            Teens and adolescents are addicted to social media as they are online during most of the hours. The adults who are seeing this tend to think that phone addiction has taken part in their minds. This is not the way it works as majority of the individuals who are shy express their feelings among their friends through internet. They have the difficulty in building face-to-face relationship due to their shyness (Zheng, Robert, Jason and Clifford, 5). They are able to interact with others without being much conscious of their saying which has been enhanced by the flexibility, multiple interaction and anonymity of the internet. They are also in the position to safe-guard their self-image.  

            Social media is putting teens and adolescents at greater risks to sexual predators. The parents are having fears that their children are at risks of meeting with sexual predators through the social media. They are worried that the sex offenders might end up contacting their children and harm them. This is not how it works as molestation is most likely to be associated with close friends, relatives, teachers and priests more than the strangers (Sanders, 487). People who know the teenagers well and have been interacting with them severally are the ones who get the courage to molest them. This is because they are having the knowledge on where to access them and at what time. They also know their likes and dislikes hence they are in the position of making tricks on them and end up trapping them easily. They are aware that the adolescents know them and even their parents know them and they cannot be having any doubts about their security. For example, the fact that the parent trusts the pastor very much, she or he cannot even think that he can turn out to be a sexual predator.

Conclusion

            Many of the things that the society thinks about technology and adolescents or teenagers are just misconceptions. Many people tend to think that the usage of cell phones is mainly concerned with exchange of dirty messages and pictures. Contrary to this perception, the teenagers are in the position to adapt into the youth culture which is all about technology. The technology is also enabling the teenagers who are schooling to acquire much information from watching television. This information is important as it is facilitating to improvement of their performance in school. There has been a misconception that the teens who watch television more are at greater risks of performing crimes. The adults are misjudging that the teenagers are exposing much of their personal life but the fact is that they usually expose their lives to only to the intended ones and they do so when necessary. The teens that tend to communicate much through the internet are being perceived to be addicted to social media but the fact is that these individuals are trying to make their communication effective. Lastly, the parents think that social media is exposing their children into the world of sexual predators and child molesters. They are having fears of the probability of the sex molesters catching up with their children through the social medial and end up harming them. This is a misconception because most of the times the close trusted people are the ones who end doing the inhuman on the children. Therefore, it is possible to say that the technology is advantageous among the youths and as the adults have their goals, so does the teenagers and adolescents have.

Reference

Blair, Sampson L, Patricia N. Claster, and Samuel M. Claster. Technology and Youth: Growing   Up in a Digital World. Bingley, U.K: Emerald, 2015. Internet resource.

Bryant, Jennings, and Mary Beth Oliver, eds. Media effects: Advances in theory and research.     Routledge, 2009.

Walrave, Michel, Koen Ponnet, Ellen Vanderhoven, Jacques Haers, and Barbara Segaert. Youth   20: Social             Media and Adolescence: Connecting, Sharing and Empowering. Cham:     Springer International Publishing, 2016. Internet resource.

Zheng, Robert, Jason J. Burrow-Sanchez, and Clifford J. Drew. Adolescent Online Social             Communication and Behavior: Relationship Formation on the Internet. Hershey, PA:       Information Science            Reference, 2010. Internet resource.

Sanders, Teela, ed. The Oxford Handbook of Sex Offences and Sex Offenders. Oxford University Press, 2017.

Technology comes with simplified means of conducting activities. There is no sector in the life of human not touched or influenced by technology. From the brightest minds in the Silicon Valley to a cave man, if there is any in the 21st century, all acknowledge the power of technology (DeVries, and Robert 190). Technology will not slow down anytime form now. One of the distinct benefits is in the health sector. However, it has a down side to it. An arm’s race signifies a prompt upsurge in the quantity or quality of mechanisms of military power. The first arms race occurred when France and Russia dared the naval dominance of Britain in late 19^th century. Germany’s attempt to outdo Britain’s navy triggered a world war 1. On the other hand, anxieties between America, Britain, and Japan caused the first arm limitation treaty.

 Importance of technology

From a historical perspective, technological alteration in the military sector was a gradual procedure. Nevertheless, technological variations in aeronautics, aviation, nuclear weapons current electronics and momentum as well as computer programming and communication infrastructure relied heavily on technological advancements. Therefore, the importance of evaluating technological roles in the military sector reveals planning, medical expertise during war among other issues (DeVries, and Robert 150). In Addition, one should note that engineers apply technological ideas in the military settings first before pushing or adopting them into the society. Besides, military is one of communal entities where manpower, drills, and technology interact in a singular system and hence the need for configuration to complete tasks and achieve certain set objectives.

 All through human history, military exploration entailed various theoretical and procedural tactics, highlighting dissimilar elements. Technological is singly one of the most critical elements in perpetuating human factors (Mackenzie 161). As technological advances at fast pace, becoming more sophisticated, it is evident for the military establishments to bring into line or match its skills with the technological knowledge. Most militaries put in place measures to ensure continuous improvement of the skills through the study of technological advancements.

 Technology and arm’s race

Technology infuses war to the point, where cannot separate war mechanisms and technological ideas, they both infuse into each other greatly. The underlying reasons for starting a war and the objectives of a war, the fighting mechanisms and how a war ends, all have one relationship and that is heavy reliance to technology (Mackenzie 164). The army and communities military aid or safeguard use, organize, plan and preparer intelligence with the use of technological gadgets.

As each and every sponsor of military investigations, modern military weapons improvement drive worldwide security issues and help decision makers come up with strategies of protecting people from harmful dangers such as extremist. On the other side rival nations try to outdo each in the in the race of acquiring modern military gears hence the arm’s race of  developing nuclear weapons and other sophisticated weaponry (Mackenzie 168). Therefore, armies push for technological advancement in to remains ahead of other nations hence having an added advantage. Due to military rivalry, it makes sense for scientists and engineers to make use of every resource and technology to enhance weapons and stay a shoulder above the rest of the militaries.

 The sarcasm of military qualitative arms race is the fact that no one needs to claim grand conspiracy theories against anyone as all the nations all over the world rush to achieve maximum and effective military infrastructure than other nations all over the world. To elaborately analyze the insatiable drive toward arm race is to achieve  power and control due to both political and regional reasons.

All contributors in weapon design and procuring may claim that In order for other nations to behave in a logical manner, acquisition of military equipment is necessary to take hold of or subdue other countries hence keeping the world safe from harm. For instance, The United States subdued countries such as North Korea and Russia as it pushes forward for peace rather than war. The only major key challenge is the personal decisions made which later turn into policies that influence national security (Gohardani 27). It is rare for military personnel to ask for advice from civilians on how to go about development of military gears through the application of technological knowledge hence they may end up making decisions from a military perspective assuming the communities will remain safe from harm. Therefore, technological advancement somehow drives arms race all over the world.

Scholars assert that the emergence of strategic weapons ideas derived from technological institutions generates various opportunities  which are narrow hence decision makers have no choice but to give military personnel the go ahead to experiment and go above and beyond the existing technological status thus driving change and pushing  boundaries into murky waters of dangerous weapons. Topical commentaries emphasize the similar concerns of military administrators using technology sole for strategy and development of powerful weapons that may affect the society (Gohardani 34). Some agree that the basic lesson learnt on the nature of arms race is technological feasibility of modern weapons without restriction or public knowledge. Deploying dangerous weapons for testing without necessarily needing them is a dangerous practice and the government needs to stop the arms race or may prove other countries who may initiate counter measures by creating weapons that are more dangerous to the upon deployment in the environment. United Nations should take the initiative and regulate the use of technology meant for the development of weapons even in times of peace and development of economics all over the world.

Impact of technology in the military sector and its activities

 In the recent year, the emergence of new technologies led to military empowerment. However, the technological breakthrough came with their fair share of challenges. For instance, nuclear power technology got a go head from the Queen herself when she permitted the first atomic power plant in London in 1956. People viewed nuclear reactors as a source of energy little did they know the same technology can be weaponized. The partial failure, which occurred in 1979, at Pennsylvania pushed Americans into embracing nuclear power as a means of safe energy (Golany et al 129). The source of all this changes starts with political good will but later turns into an insatiable appetite for resources and weapons so as to stay ahead of other countries in terms of military equipment and power. One of the main disadvantages of developing military weapons is the unnecessary attacks and full force whenever a country is under attack. For instance, most people hold the view that the attack on Iraq by United States was uncalled for.

It is vital to note that military technology varies from weapons, arrangements and automobiles utilized specifically for combat. In addition, it is inclusive of information needed for the manufacture and creation of weapons or other equipment meant for military usage, repair and renewal of old systems(Golany et al 130). Military technology occur under five grouped: weapons meant to harm the enemy, defensive ammunitions to keep off enemies of state. Conveyance technology facilitates movement of soldiers from one place to another; communication equipment manages the movement of soldiers and other military personnel and finally sensors spot forces and direct weapons. Hence it is not about combat always but facilitating good management skills.

 From ancient times, there always a relation between technology and military non-combative military operations. Psychological features put users into groups hence increasing combating success (Golany et al 139). Each group of soldiers can coordinate themselves easily and cater through the utilization of technological equipment. The management and functionality facilitated by military technology strengthened military abilities and improves tactics.

 The impact of technology on military can be either good or bad. The involvement is transferring military technological equipment into society is one of the positive factors of military technology (Golany et al 141). For instance, the Americans created the geographical locating systems, which can trace exact locations of individuals. Geographic positioning systems save time and make military operations more effective hence saving life in the long run.

 In terms of general considerations, military technology came along way. There are certain existing reasons for the dependence of technology in the military sectors. Moreover, agricultural technics developed more than military technology consequently people fed themselves and left out military technology but with emergence of various issues and reliance of human muscles led to concentration on development of military technology to ease off the burden from men (Golany et al 130). Therefore, geographic climatic conditions and landscape pushed people to enhance military technology so that people can live an easier life. Secondly, military technology coupled with the need for connectivity over long distances and mapping out vicinities created military ecospheres all over the community, which also affected military technologies.

 During the 1800s, development in transportation machinery enabled a breakthrough in many military sectors. First of all, it define geographical areas, watersheds and climatic regions hence impacting military ecospheres as well as strategies. Militaries sections with influenced the most with transportation technology was Japan and Europeans areas. Even though the Japanese had unique rational military technology, transport technology helped theme adopt better to their environmental conditions as they could cover vast distance for a short period of time consequently increasing concurred territories and acquisition of information. More transportation by horses challenged Europe and other areas such as China (Golany et al 145). Transportation saved time hence giving military personnel more time and energy to focus on other military phases such as weaponry. Later development of ships and gunpowder led to the exploration of the world and mining of minerals, which later led to industrialization. In the end, it is safe to say that military technology had a ripple effect on the society and affects trades, politics, and economic matters of a nation. Any country would want to expand its wealth and keep its people thus the reason governments all over the world prioritize technological advancement of military weapons.

Technology easily captures and transmits information on an opponent’s capabilities, movements, intents occupied terrain and predicting climatic patterns and matching operations with suitable weather patterns. Information gathered from communication devices can easily pass from one person to another effective and wait for strategy execution. More numerous volumes of information can pass from one place to another without detection and enable decision-making meant for research purposes (Hellström 99). Alternatively, people in charge of command and controls comprehend and execute information received through telecommunication means. Contemporary warfare, just like modern communities rely advancement of technology to make life easier and shorten tedious activities. As illustrated through the desert storm operations, technological resources come in handy if the military want to achieve useful missions without hypothetical theories.

After careful considerations of the relative preference of role of technology in military, experts claim that most armies do not spend their time on fields but in preparing for attacks(Hellström 100). The need for continuous development of communication, decision-making systems in preparation for attacks make the can take second place and government can focus their energy on upgrading other sectors of the community rather than the military alone.

Nature of military technology

 The common features of military machineries might impact organization designs, collection of critical information and decision-making procedures. Military operations fall under two groups due to computer related elements, which also give it most, its basic features. The characteristics of the second group relates to properties (Hellström 105). Even though fundamental scopes for military technology relies on its significance to users hence scientists generate military gears from a multiple approach, to cater to the dynamic needs of the markets and gives personnel the ability to use technological devices I different setting without it loosing relevance. In short, military technology is divert and one equipment can be able to meet various relevant purposes without the loss of relevance. In addition, the wide approach gives personnel more advantage and control over their situation.

Comprehending the interdependence between technology and military operations is not something new. It is similar to machinery and economics or the rise of weaving and emergence of textile industry. More so, technological advancement gave soldiers a fighting chance by mapping out various paths for manufacture if better equipment and setting certain guidelines for the military grade operations and daily activities (Hellström 107). Thus, technological dictates numerous military aspects and later integrates with into all military operations. In the end, military cannot do without technological advancements.

The intensity of arms race relies on variety of weapons. Some ammunition depends chiefly on the security roles and functions and the mechanisms of attaining security through effective means (Austin 34). Some ammunitions are highly intimidating hence affecting or minimizing the comfort of other nations with less developed weapons. In addition, most countries do not take into account the cost of making highly dangerous materials such as nuclear bombs and heavy round of ammunition guns.

 Under normal situations, the conclusive factor is that if two or more nations take part in an arm’s race, none should threaten the security of the other country. Hence, regulation of acquisition of weapons ensures safety measures and ability to oversee any kind of danger. Military operates under a dynamic and one of the ways of showing the enemy strength and dominance is the utilization of technology to achieve the impossible and redirecting energy into some sort of power and shaping authority (Austin 55). Technical advancement portrays financial might hence it signifies a deeper ability to overpower and take over a situation easily than the rest of the nations which lack the financial muscle and willingness to apply various technological knowhow to their military departments.

It changed the society by turning it into a global village. Internet is the most powerful advancements in the world of technology. The connectivity that comes with it changes many things. The convention way of carrying out military procedures entirely altered due to internet. Initially, advertisements existed only on print media, but the presence of internet makes it possible to advertise products anywhere. In addition, social media makes sharing of information easier and cheaper (Austin 79). One can communicate with other people from faraway places. The work environment changed corresponding to the dynamic technological world. Technology led to the emergence of online working and teleconferencing. This means that one does not need to be physically in the office, as traditionally expected.

How can society manage emerging technology?

Technology is expanding at an alarming rate than and if one cannot contain it through management; it can wreak havoc within the society. Emerging technology has come with lack cybercrime and destruction of the environment due to the natural resources consumed in their manufacture. Companies, or this context, the military need to come up with policies that will enable them come up with strategies to safe guard people from other criminals that might steal their information (Austin 89) .Obviously tech companies have stipulations that protect the consumer but the measures should extend to other service providers such as salespersons. Moreover, tech companies can raise awareness on the ways one can manage technology and use it for the good of the society

Cohesiveness is factor that influences the whole dynamism of a team. Cohesiveness between team members builds commitment and the motivation required to achieve the objectives of the team. Cohesion takes a toll on the manner in which group members treat one another and get along (Austin 280). A highly cohesive team is more dynamic and works effectively together toward the objectives of the team. Hence an administrative analysts need to bring out the firm of the

Communication is tool that transmits signals within the team. (Austin 89) A team’s strategy and goals are only achievable if the members communicate effectively with one another. The ability to move together as one team depends on the interpretation and understanding of the intention of the group. Therefore, a team with good communication skills is more likely to be more effective and dynamic than a team with no effective communication. Team dynamic boils down to relationships and attitude of group members among themselves and application of various technological aspects to military operations and infrastructures.

Works cited

Austin, Reg. Unmanned aircraft systems: UAVS design, development and deployment. Vol. 54. John Wiley & Sons, 2011.

DeVries, Kelly, and Robert Douglas Smith. Medieval military technology. University of Toronto Press, 2012.

Gohardani, Amir S. "A synergistic glance at the prospects of distributed propulsion technology and the electric aircraft concept for future unmanned air vehicles and commercial/military aviation." Progress in Aerospace Sciences 57 (2013): 25-70.

Golany, Boaz, et al. "Resource allocation in an asymmetric technology race with temporary advantages." Naval Research Logistics (NRL) 59.2 (2012): 128-145.

Hellström, Thomas. "On the moral responsibility of military robots." Ethics and information technology 15.2 (2013): 99-107.

Mackenzie, Donald. “Technology and the Arms Race.” International Security, vol. 14, no. 1, 1989, pp. 161–175. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/2538768.

Alternative fuels

Annotated Bibliography

Ramadhas, Arumugam S., ed. Alternative fuels for transportation. CRC Press, 2016.

 The book gives background information on alternative fuel by stating that today, the world is facing an energy crisis and environmental pollution. The author asserts that these are the biggest problems that the world is combating since the demand for energy is high and the supply of petroleum oil and natural gas is low. Almost all of the transportation sector and automotive industry rely on petroleum products but recent research has shown that the petroleum products will only be sufficient for a few decades. In giving the background information about the alternative fuel, the author introduces the second problem the world is facing which is environmental pollution. He asserts that vehicles are causing air pollution through the emission of greenhouse gases such as carbon monoxide, hydrogen, nitrogen, and other poisonous gas.  As these gases are released to the environment, they pollute the environment and cause global warming. Given that these are the most significant problems facing the world, the U.S have tried to control these issues. In the 1960s, it created and implemented laws to control the emission of harmful gases and supported the increase in operating costs. However, the increase in operating costs has increased the price of oil and some refineries do not produce acceptable fuel specifications. In general, the U.S or rather the world at large is still facing the challenge of short supply of fuel, environmental pollution and a higher price of crude oil.

 The author asserts that due to the issues of the energy crisis, environmental pollution, and related issues, the world has a plan of using renewable alternative fuels to promote the energy security, automotive technology and more importantly, control the environmental issues such as global warming. Note that the transportation sector demands more than 67% of oil and the more the oil used the more the air pollution is the environment. The pollutants such as carbon monoxide, methane, chlorofluorocarbons other gases and particulate matter have a devastating effect on the environment as well as to the health. The author asserts that to reduce the vehicle emission and air pollution, the energy researchers, vehicle manufacturers, engineers and other individuals interested in the area of alternative fuel sources should think about alternative fuel choices. The author divides the book into thirteen chapters. Each chapter contains important information about the significant problems of petroleum products and the need to shift to alternative fuels.   the chapters do not only support the use of alternative fuel but they highlight the testing methods and production methods of biodiesel properties, alcohol in internal combustion engines,  dimethyl ether production,  liquefied petroleum gas,   and clean fuel hydrogen. The chapters discuss the effects of properties, engine performance and how alternative fuel is a practical solution is associated with efficiency and environmental benefits. In writing a persuasive project, the book will be applied in my argument and it will serve an important giving the background information about the alternative fuel and reasons as to why the energy researchers should improve the transportation technologies and explore to build a cleaner future.

U.S Congress. "Replacing Gasoline: Alternative Fuels for Light-Duty Vehicles." Washington, DC: US (1990).

 The book provides arguments offered by the U.S Congress on the topic of alternative full. The U.S. Congress offers an alternative perspective despite the world's strategy and the U.S in addressing the energy challenges and achieving climate and energy goals.  This report is given by the Office of the Technology assessment and it introduces by asserting the   U.S Environmental Protection Agency and others have promoted the use of alternative fuels to combat the air pollution and control the global climate change. The proposed alternative fuels are liquid and gaseous fuels such as liquefied natural gas such as propane and hydrogen. In general, U.S Congress refutes the use of alternative fuels by arguing that the power plants which produce these alternative fuels will pollute the environment through the emission of harmful gases. For example, hydrogen-fueled vehicles will lead to the emission of toxin such as nitric oxide (NO) and also Methanol is highly toxic and it had devastating effects on human health. Ethanol production is expensive and it is more corrosive thus damage the fuel systems. The book also provides important information that the suggested alternative fuels such as liquefied natural gas have already been used in Italy, New Zealand among other nations. In the U.S alone, 30, 000 vehicles use compressed natural gas and over 300, 000 vehicles use liquefied natural gas and a billion gallons of ethanol are used on a yearly basis. The research on the use of alternative fuel in the U.S finds that the new strategy is associated with high fuel cost. In addition, there is a highly developed technology that strengths or empowers the production and distribution of gasoline.  This acts as a barrier to the production of alternative fuels since it is difficult to compete with the already developed technology and the availability of gasoline.  Another barrier is the huge amounts of capital, engineering time in engine modifications, and consumers' resistance to change since they have used gasoline for a long period.  These are formidable problems that will hinder the production and distribution of alternative fuels.  Another thing that will be required in the alternative fuel is the manufacturing of vehicles using alternative fuel.  There is a difficult transition problem due to low energy density compared to gasoline and this will result in low production of alternative fuel vehicles. However, this problem can be addressed by using dual-fueled vehicles or flexible-fueled vehicles or in other words vehicles with both electromotor and internal combustion engines. Unfortunately, the use of alternative fuel will remain a challenge since multi-fuel vehicles will be costly and they will not achieve the expected benefits of alternative fuels. 

 In offering an alternative perspective or argument against the use of alternative fuel, the   U.S Congress puts emphases on the challenges in the introduction and acceptance.  He asserts that ethanol and methanol require a huge amount of capital for pipelines, filling stations and other infrastructures. In addition to the high cost, the electric vehicles will face the challenge of high first costs, inferior range, and refueling capabilities. This will pose another challenge in the retail markets due to low sales of vehicles that alternative fuel. In general, alternative fuel is associated with many challenges due to the high vehicle costs, lack of technology development, lack of fuel storage space, among other important requirements.  The author argues that it is important to consider all these effects that are associated with the actions.  In doing research and writing the persuasive project, I will apply this source in my argument as it will help in understanding not only the new strategy of using alternative fuel but also the negative consequences associated with the actions. It is important to consider both sides in order to evaluate the uncertainties and the benefits.

Fan, Yueyue, et al. "Geospatial, Temporal and Economic Analysis of Alternative Fuel Infrastructure: The Case of Freight and US Natural Gas Markets." Energy Journal 38.6 (2017).

 The article provides an economic analysis of alternative fuel to convince the readers the importance of shifting from oil-based diesel fuel to low-carbon fuel or in other words alternative fuel.  The article also conducts further research to investigate whether the natural gas will provide fuel costs savings and if it is possible to supply the natural gas to heavy-duty trucking sectors that are geographically located.  The article employs a modeling framework of special mapping and spatial network theory to examine the interstate highways, fueling infrastructures, and trucking routes. The author argues that recent studies and research on alternative fuel have focused on cost-effectiveness. The author introduces the arguments against the use of interactive fuel by stating that there is an interest of using natural gas in U.S transportation sector since it is inexpensive fuel associated with costs advantage compared to diesel fuel. Today, the production, as well as the demand for natural gas in the U.S, is high and vehicles that are increasing the demand are long-distance trucking and heavy-duty trucks such as transit buses and garbage trucks. There is also a high demand for new heavy-duty vehicles and this indicates that the demand for alternative fuel is increasing. Regions that are serviced by these heavy-duty vehicles suffer from air pollution and to address this challenge, there is a need for cleaner fuel.   The article finds that by 2025, the total number of new heavy-duty vehicles will be 76% and this predicts higher demand for natural gas. Today there is only 14% of vehicles using alternative fuels but in the future, there will be a significant market for both vehicle that uses alternative fuel and natural gas.

 In supporting the use of alternative fuel, the author asserts that there is a need for fueling infrastructure that would improve the distribution network and fueling stations. Note that in the U.S, there are 59, 739 and 121, 446 fueling stations for diesel and gasoline respectfully and these fueling stations serves 2, 542 trucks. On the other hand,  there are only 800 and 59 fueling stations for compressed natural gas and liquefied natural gas respectfully and they only serve 3, 600 trucks. Despite the gap, the article argues that there should be alternative fuels since they are less expensive and safe to the environment. In conducting research and writing a persuasive project, I will apply this article in my argument for various reasons. One, the article will discuss alternative fuel using an economic perspective in order to show the economic benefits. Second, the article will help understand the methods and strategy to apply in order to expand the alternative fuel market. These strategies include an integrated network, natural gas infrastructure, distribution networks, fueling stations, vehicles that use alternative fuel and other requirements.

The Role of Technology on Performance of Financial Institutions

Introduction

In the globalized world, technology is one of the critical economic success determinants for businesses across the different industries, numerous innovations have occurred in the recent years, and the most triggering and widely appreciated is information technology. Firms are today threatened by the widespread changes in the markets which are demonstrated by increased merging rate and authoritative competition. Under such settings, the conventional management strategies that center on the control of financial gains along the analytical planning strategies are ranged as inadequate for adequately enhancing the firms in the complex environment. Today, consumer satisfaction is mainly grounded on convenience, affordability, and quality of services. The rate of adaptation of smart gadgets ranging from mobile phones to computers and the full internet access has resulted in an upward development which represents E-commerce. Businesses similar to the respective industries have shifted their activities from the conventional strategy to the use of the innovational technology which is attributed to the increased income and the widening of market share. The trend is well reflected within the banking sector where banking services have been transformed in the recent through the utilization of information technology which includes accounts opening, transactions, and deposits.

Technology has offered support to self-service from the standpoint of the customers since most services can be carried out online with ease. The banking system and activities is appreciated as the wiring of banks in the financial industry as it encourages and supports the high performance of banks across the world. Based on the top and desirable results, there is a mandatory need to adapt information technology. It is on this ground that this research tries to investigate the effects of information technology with regard to the performance of financial institutions in country and beyond. Information technology plays a critical role in economic development, but the success of social development has the responsibility of technology increasingly to every day’s life. In addition, the general performance of processes within commercial banks has improved which has resulted in smooth, friendly and convenient bank with satisfying and superior services to the consumers (Melville, Kraemer and Gurbaxani, 2004 p.286). In this context, the innovation has facilitated the development of banking efficiency and effectiveness since less resources are used with maximum gains. Banking operations are becoming grounded on information technology due to the connection that is developed. It appears that the financial and banking sector is gaining adequately from technological advancement as it is observed in its application in all its operations. IT is not only needed in running banking operations, but it is also required in managing operations in general. The technology cannot be neglected by banks managers since it plays a crucial role in the modernized organizations. The utilization of IT concepts, approaches, practices and strategies implementation in commercial banking is thus a subject of essential significance given that it is linked to the operation of all banks across the local and international competitiveness

Problem Statement

IT is perceived to be the center of financial system in the globalized economy and this determines the economic success given that the development solely depends on the capability of financial institutions. The performance of the banking sector is not just remarkable for the investors but also for all those that are involved. Running the economy required adequate response from the financial institutions. The extensive advancement of technology has been applied in banks across the world and most of the institutions are currently taking advantage of the growth to offer enhanced customer and more effective services that will improve productivity. Competition has intensified globally, and for the forms to mitigate the threat of reducing their shares and revenue gain, IT has offered solutions that not only provide flexible and convenient services (Ravi, 2008 p.10). It is argued that, for financial institutions to be successful it has to be used as the leading system to reinforce the company’s strategies. Banking holds one of the largest market across the banks, however the industry is overcrowded by financing industries. Much competition is generated by the well-established companies that besides having the highest number of customers, the firms have enormous resources and finances to support their operations. The intensifying competition has alerted commercial banks to adopt innovation in the quest of retaining consumers and attracting new ones.

Banks are in need of efficiency and effectiveness to increase their performance and increased revenues. Innovation has played a crucial role in the development of the mobile application, websites, online banking and so on. The introduction of such aspects has enhanced the financial viability of businesses through marketing and operations management. In that, for instance, online websites make it easier for the customers to access information about a company as well as interact directly. Contrary to the traditional physical banking, customers are currently not required to visit the banks for simple services. They can open accounts directly and access transfer and deposit services in the comfort of their homes. In other words, it has enabled banking institutions to offer consumer-centered services by accounting for the needs of the customers first (Dincer & Hacioglu, n.d p.6). The use of IT within the banking sector is additionally linked to the fact that language-based challenges required curbing to facilitate more accessible and affordable communication. In the process to enhance the customer based relationship, improve consumer satisfaction, enhance operational efficiency, lower the operating expense, lower transaction period, provide a competitive positioning and sector’s investors profit needs. It is worth noting that since the financial institutions such as banks are the primary determinant of the development of the economy, technology has been crucial in enhancing growth. Substantial growth has been experienced in the recent past due to efficiency in the banking sector which facilitates the movement of money within the economy. In this context, technology is not only crucial to the growth of the economy but also enabling a stable society where the customers are satisfied. In other words, IT has brought about more competitive and development based strategies. In this context, the study will investigate the role of technology particularly information technology on the performance of modern banking.  

Research Question

To what level does technology affect the performance of commercial banks?

Research Objectives

The purpose of the study is to investigate the IT role in the performance of commercial banks. Based on the fact that banks play a crucial role in the development of the economy, the study seeks to establish the level in which technology has enhanced operations and the development of banking.

This study will, therefore, seek to fulfill the following objectives:

1. To establish the extent to which IT has contributed to increased banks productivity and revenue gain.
2. To determine the effects of technology on commercial banks competitiveness
3. To establish whether there is a rise in the rate of effectiveness and efficiency of banking activities since the initiation of IT and electronic innovation in commercial banks.

Significance and Scope of the Study

This study is focused on technology role in the performance of commercial banks. IT is a necessary driving factor in the development of businesses which has had positive effects on the economy. Technology is not only appreciated based on the efficiency that has come about in the banking sector but also based on its contribution to customer satisfaction and operations efficiency (Baptista and Oliveira, 2015 p.420). Within the banking sector, most of the companies are involved in the utilization of computers in daily operations for the provision of superior services to their clients through the utilization of modernized technology. Also, technology has also enhanced customer awareness about the use of technology in making transactions at their comfort. It is the same technology that has led to the effectiveness and growth of the economy through infrastructural, revenue and human resource development. The research will offer awareness and familiarity to the banking firms on how they can best involve technology in gaining a competitive position and increasing efficiency. Since the success of the banks is dependent on the ability to impress the customers through differentiated and quality services the study can act as a point of reference for those that need to compete effectively.

Literature Review and Theoretical Frameworks

In the globalized market, information moves very fast and thereby, it is deliberately essential to the management of technology that can change and enhance operations, procedures, products, and services for competitive positioning. According to Melville, Kraemer and Gurbaxani (2004) technology are essential for the success of businesses particularly financial systems for two primary reasons. To start with, it is necessary for banks to acquire success in all commercial based operations since the firms cannot be able to handle the intensifying competition without the use of technology. Also, in the current market, it is the technological innovation that leads to the stability of the business in the long run. The primary objective of using technology is not just to overcome competition but also sustainability is essential. About business operations, firms can benefit highly from the utilization of technology by fully differentiating, lowering their cooperating spending and grabbing economic opportunities (Martins, Oliveira, and Popovič, 2014 p.6). Banks typically provide services that are similar and thus what makes an organization better it’s the ability to offer differentiated services regarding convenience, friendliness, and unique experience. Also, to increase revenue gain, the operating expense must be deep meaning that with technology most of the services become self-based thus lowering the need for more employees.

Romdhane (2013) notes that Technology is a form of business innovation and investing in it will lead to the growth of the market, financial earnings and competitiveness. Based on the significance of technology on financial institutions performance, the managements are not only required to adapt but to also focus on the effective management of technology. In general the modern firms mainly the large banking institutions are focused on gaining efficiency and competitive positioning through technology (Sadeghimanesh & Samadi, 2013 p.2912). Within the financial sector, technology is an essential element in meeting the anticipations and needs of the clients. Overall, besides having to achieve the set organizational objectives, all the companies are needed to focus on the demands of the market. Most of the most successful companies within the financial sector usually adopt the use of IT in enhancing operations. This usually involves activities such as marketing and promotion activities were some of the conventional strategies have proved to be ineffective. For instance, the rising influence of the internet has forced most companies to set social media and online based websites to cater for the need of the segment. In turn efficiency and convenience as some of the drivers in the market has facilitated in the attraction of more customers.

Despite the importance of technology of improved banking performance, the implementation is a complex operation that needs useful management instruments and procedures in the incorporation of transformation. The initiation of IT within the system should be integrated with a strategic approach. One of the determining factors is leadership. In that, the management must be determined to ensure that the approach works (Romdhane, 2013 p.96). Also, the organization’s culture must be one that encourages the move and motivates individuals to strive. The firms must, therefore, invest in human resources for the management of operations. Technology is a progressing process that changes rather rapidly, and thus companies are required to move with the pace. This means that the systems must be updated continuously to meet the changing needs. Innovation represents one of the most appropriate strategies for achieving success in the digital age. Based on Celik (2014 p.177) the effects of technology and commercial banks performance can be established by assessing the market, competition, external and internal factors. IT has played an enormous role in enhancing the stability of companies in general from the critical theory view. In that, the strategy is focused on improving the performance by ensuring that efficiency in running operations has been achieved. Currently, financial institutions have benefited from enhanced services, processes, modernized marketing as well as networking. The relationships with the customers have been developed in general.

Methodology

Introduction

This section offers a plan that will be used in collecting research data to answer the proposed research question. The researcher will provide the particular highlight of the research strategy, approach, data collection, ethical issues and limitation of the study. This section is essential since it will determine the success and reliability of the study.

Research Design/Philosophy

This study will seek to examine the role that is played by technology on the general performance of financial institutions a case study of commercial banks. The study that will be carried out concerning the thesis will be applied research that will seek to develop new findings. The study will begin by reviewing the existing literature regarding technology and its impacts on the financial sector. This will be followed by detailed primary research so that the findings can be boasted. A descriptive research design will be used for the study.

Research Method

For the fulfillment of the aims of the thesis, this study will utilize qualitative research. The primary features of this approach are that it is mainly suitable for a small populace, but the results are not quantifiable. However, the advantage is that it provides comprehensive research. The research was selected based on its ability to generate maximum information within the shortest period (Taylor, Bogdan, and DeVault, 2015 p.17). The method is also flexible and easy to use given that fewer skills are required. This will allow the researcher to conduct a comprehensive study without restricting the study’s scope and responses from the participants.

The study will adopt a case study approach to generate theories and conclusions drawn from the qualitative research. The reason for using a case study approach of commercial banks is because it is suitable for a small sample. The plan is therefore essential in providing reliable and accurate information.

Data Collection

Surveys and interviews will be used. This involved the use of individualized and unstructured surveys whose objective is to determine the real ideas of the subject. The benefit of using the instruments in the collection of data is the ability to generate real and verified information directly from the respondents. The structures will allow the researcher to interact with the respondents due to the flexibility involved. The aspect of convenience and flexibility will create the opportunity for generating in-depth details without deviating from the primary objective. Semi-structured questions will be used. The surveys and interviews will be conducted online based on the convenience of the respondents. The sample will be selected based on the expertise and knowledge about the relationship amid technology and financial institutions performance.

Data Analysis

Content analysis will be used in summarizing the data acquired from surveys. The method involves the categorization of data in themes so that comparison can be made. The main benefit of content analysis it that it assists in the reduction and simplification of the collected data (Taylor, Bogdan, and DeVault, 2015 p.12). The information can also be quantified using quantitative approaches. The aim is to ensure that the research question is answered fully.

Ethical Issues

The current research will be subjected to significant ethical problems. In this consent, all the respondents will be required to sign a consent form. The form will allow them to understand that the participation is deliberate and they can always quit at any point. Also, they will get to know that the study is an academic one and the responses will be used in that context and confidentiality will be guarded.

Scope and Limitations

Similar to every research the study will face several limitations. First, the sample size will be small thus meaning that the reliability cannot be established. Also, the qualitative approach fails to allow the measurement of the issue. Also, resources and time is also a limitation. This is because with the limited resources the researcher will struggle in meeting the needs of investigating.

Expected Significance

The expected significance is to improve the application of IT in banking institutions to improve performance.

Timeline, Resources and Contingency Plan

The study will require an estimation of 200 dollars to cater for the expenses ranging from travel, printing, food, and beverages. Some of the things that are likely to go wrong include delayed interviews. This is because the study will mainly be involving a sample populace of busy individuals and thus getting free time to answer the questions is challenging. Finances might also be a problem. The best way to mitigate the issues is through scheduling and focusing on the low-cost operation. The surveys will be conducted earlier to avoid any delays, and to lower the expenses, the surveys will be conducted directly.

References

Baptista, G. and Oliveira, T., 2015. Understanding mobile banking: The unified theory of             acceptance and use of technology combined with cultural moderators. Computers in    Human Behavior, 50, pp.418-430.Top of Form

Celik H. 2014.The Impacts of Information Technologies on Financial Institutions. In: Dincer H., Hacioglu Ü. (eds) Globalization of Financial Institutions. Springer, Cham, Pp. 175-183.

Dincer, H., & Hacioglu, Ü. (n.d.). Globalization of Financial Institutions [recurso electrónico] A Competitive Approach to Finance and Banking. Springer Science & Business Media.Top of Form

Martins, C., Oliveira, T. and Popovič, A., 2014. Understanding the Internet banking adoption: A unified theory of acceptance and use of technology and perceived risk application. International Journal of Information Management, 34(1), pp.1-13.

Melville, N., Kraemer, K. and Gurbaxani, V., 2004. Information technology and organizational performance: An integrative model of IT business value. MIS quarterly, 28(2), pp.283-322.

Ravi, V. (2008). Advances in banking technology and management: impacts of ICT and CRM. Hershey, Pa, IGI Global. http://www.myilibrary.com?id=103789.

Romdhane, S.B. 2013. Impact of Information Technology on the Performance of Tunisian Banks: A Stochastic Frontier Analysis with Panel Data. Asian Academy of Management Journal of Accounting and Finance. Pp. 95-125.

Sadeghimanesh, M. & Samadi, A. 2013. The Effect of IT (Information Technology) on Financial Performance of the Banks Listed in Tehran Stock Exchange. European Online Journal of Natural and Social Sciences, Pp. 2911-2919.

Taylor, S.J., Bogdan, R. and DeVault, M., 2015. Introduction to qualitative research methods: A guidebook and resource. John Wiley & Sons.

Reverse innovation

With the current rate of globalization, the world has turned out to be more competitive as the days goes by. As a result of this high competition, companies have shifted their focus from searching for deeper and significant changes into shallow and apparent ones. Reverse innovation is thus referred to as innovation that initially originates in the developing nations and subsequently flows uphill to the developed nations. This form of innovation is thus doing the opposite of the other innovations as multinationals are focusing on coming up with booming innovations in the emerging markets.  These innovation and knowledge is later exported to the developed world. This is a significant new development that has its most important implication for businesses and federal governments across all nations.

According to Govindarajan, (2012), the author indicates that this innovation has its own share of challenges. Companies that are involved in developing new ideas in an emerging market are required to rise above their prevailing logic and the institutionalized judgment that directs their actions. Typically, this form of innovation is regarded to be disruptive. This is because it involves the implementation of major changes. These changes are disruptive as they involve throwing out of traditional structures which are replaced with new ones. The companies involved are thus forced to start from scratch. They have to change the refurbishing product development and manufacturing approaches. They are also required to reorient their sale force. It is therefore important for multinational companies to understand how successful their innovation will be and how they will take place in the rising markets. This is because the introduction of new products may have the potential to be disruptive.

4.

Understanding radical change is essential for successful reverse innovation. Despite the fact that making these changes is time-consuming and costly it is important to incorporate them into the business. At the onset of innovation, it is crucial for the company to reconsider their location and their staffing. Global resources are the agents’ of change in multinational companies. The success of the innovation heavily lies in the ability of the human resource to run the project. Therefore, having a team of employees who are familiar with the emerging markets will be of great benefit to the company. Team building must be enhanced hence allowing collaboration amongst all employees. They must make use of all of the multinational’s assets and continually collaborate with the legacy unit. Having competent personnel who are aggressive in their thinking makes the innovation process efficient. As the team set audacious targets, they are able to remain focused on creating products that functions the same as the already existing systems but at favorably lower costs.

Companies should overcome resistance by making multiple attempts. While marketing products it is important to be persistent even when customers show reluctance. It is through this that the company is able to make known their innovated products to the local market before marketing to the developed nations. Forging a close customer relationship helps the company’s sales force to achieve success in delivering high-quality services. Multinationals have to rebrand their company future. This helps to change the mindset and the company’s culture. As all stakeholders involved in establishing new products change their mindset, bold actions are undertaken in achieving a bright future for the company.

5.

In a local market, scalability is driven by the careful integration of the innovative components and processes within the system that is well adapted to the challenges facing these markets. Bringing localized knowledge and new products to scale at global level demands largely relies on efficiency. Efficiency results in high sales and thus resulting in higher profits for the company. As a result, the profits outweigh the cost of production hence encouraging the efforts to scale up the local market. The cost of innovation can be used in multiple areas as it helps to determine the reach. For new products to reach a wide range of people, the cost of adoption for the consumer should be low. It is therefore important for the company to identify their efficiency core. This is the driving force that directs the company to effectively work in other settings. However, the company has to identify some of the adaptable aspects that they can effectively adapt. Doing this increases the company’s chances of scaling up from the local to global markets.

Companies may scale up using different forms of models. According to the contagious model, solutions, organization and supply systems often expands outwards from the original point of innovation. This scaling up method is driven by the increasing demand for new products.  However, scaling up through the distant replication model involves targeting of new markets in a given geographic area with a product that has already been replicated and adapted. Transfer and translation mode, on the other hand, has enhanced scaling up through the transfer and translation of knowledge to others. This is mostly used by non-profit organizations who share approaches to success with others.

References

Govindarajan, V. (2012). A reverse-innovation playbook. Strategic Direction, 28(9).