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Work-Related and Real-Life Based Project


In cases involving bloodstain patterns, bloodstain pattern analysts must make their interpretations of bloodstain patterns at a crime scene based on scientific principles. Observations and interpretations are based on a general understanding of biology, physics, and mathematics.

You are called as an expert witness for the prosecution who wants to introduce your interpretation of bloodstain patterns found at a crime scene. The following types of bloodstain evidence were identified and documented:
•The victim had evidence of petechial hemorrhage as a result of the attack.
•There was evidence of sharp force trauma to the victim as evidenced by apparent stab wounds.
•Other signs of trauma included lacerations to the head and apparent defensive wounds to the hand.

The prosecution needs you to articulate the following in regard to the various types of injuries sustained by the victim:
•What could have caused those types of injuries?
•Why was there minimal external blood found at the crime scene?

The prosecution also needs to prepare to rebut foreseeable defense motions. Discuss why bloodstain patterns are an accepted scientific discipline under both Frye and Daubert rules. Cite some case laws in your report.

The defense wants to argue that the victim was intoxicated and that the victim was attacking his client—the defendant—and that the injuries sustained were survivable if it were not for the victim's history of alcoholism. Prepare an argument on the effects of alcohol on bloodstains for the prosecution.

Prepare your answers in 1–3 pages, using the template provided.

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Impact of White-Collar Crime

White-collar crime differs from street crime in many ways. One of these differences concerns victims. (Keep in mind that the victim of a white-collar crime can be a person, a business, or even the general community). By understanding the characteristics of the victims, we can better understand how white-collar crime is committed and how we can defend against it.

For this assignment, prepare a 4- to 5-page report in Microsoft Word that examines the victims of white-collar crime. Your report should cover these points:
•Discuss the impact of white-collar and economic crime on individuals, businesses, and the community in general.
•Explain why it is so difficult to measure the extent of white-collar crime. (One reason is that many white-collar crimes go unreported–discuss why this is so).
•Describe the kinds of economic crimes that affect the whole country. Give an example and show how it affects everyone.
•Often, a crime victim does something to make the crime easier to commit. This is known as “victim facilitation.” For example, someone who leaves a purse on the seat of the car while she goes into the store is making it easier for a thief to steal her purse. In what ways might victims of white-collar crime be facilitating the crime? (Consider individual victims as well as businesses.)
•Are there certain groups of people who are more likely than others to become victims of some of these crimes?
•Describe some ways that citizens can help protect themselves against white-collar crime.

Support your responses with examples.

Cite any sources in APA format.

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Environmental Fraud

Visit the Web site of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). That site includes the National Priorities List (NPL), which identifies locations where environmental damage is being corrected. For example, if a pesticide company was found to be dumping harmful chemicals into a lake, the NPL would document the case and the status of the cleanup process.

Review the NPL and choose a location that is near your area of residence. Summarize the case, and provide your analysis, being sure to include the following:
•Type of pollution in the area, the environmental fraud responsible for it, and any company or organizations involved in the fraud.
•Threats to human health, if any, from the pollution at the site. 
•Laws related to the case.
•How the situation was investigated by EPA or other related agencies and any criminal charges filed.
•Status of any cleanup effort.

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Bloodstain Types


Bloodstains are categorized into passive, spatter, and altered bloodstains. These categories are further sub-categorized. The nature of the bloodstain is dependent upon volume, distance, and surface texture.

Based on your understanding of the topic, answer the following question:
•What are the effects of free-falling blood onto concrete?
•Does the stain from free-falling blood onto concrete differ from free-falling blood dropping onto other porous, rough-textured surfaces? Why or why not? Discuss.
•Elaborate with the help of descriptions of the physical characteristics of each type of bloodstain.


View an image of a bloodstain on a porous surface.

Image attached

In regard to the image, discuss the following:
•How would you determine the distance fallen for each of the three stains?
•Why are the three stains different from one another?

View a photograph: attached

Bloodstain Photo

Discuss the bloodstains depicted in the photograph.
• What is your opinion on the category of stains present?

In 2006, Mr. Ross Gardner published a study regarding the diameter of the smallest parent stain produced by a drip.

View the published study: attached

Gardner Doc 

Based on your understanding of the study, discuss the following:
• What is the significance of Mr. Gardner's findings?
•How has Mr. Gardner's findings improved the analysis of passive bloodstains? Discuss.
• What probative value does this research have in the overall analysis of this type of bloodstain?

Create a 2- to 3-page detailed report in a Microsoft Word document addressing the above questions.

Support your responses with examples.

Cite any sources in APA format

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You will write approximately a three-page paper.  In this paper, you will first include a general introduction to the topic area assigned ( Juries ). An excellent resource is your textbook.  This section should be about half a page in length. This first section should also include why you chose this topic as something that sounded interesting to you.  

The remaining portion of this paper will be a description of a current state or federal case that has recently (since 2011) addressed the topic area you were assigned.  (1) You will need to describe the facts of the case, (2) the issues before the court, (3) the decision the court made, (4) the rationale for their decision, (5) separate opinions (concurring or dissenting), (6) and your analysis of the importance of this case.  The analysis portion of the assignment should include your insights into why this case might be important for the particular topic area and where the court might go from here.  

The paper should be approximately 3 pages in length. You must also attach a copy of the case to your paper.  You must not use the same case as the other person/people assigned to your topic area! 

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Judges fail to deliver appropriate sentences as they are ‘out of touch’ with community attitudes towards sentencing. Discuss.

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U.S. Contract Law:

Knowledge and Understanding of Substantive or Procedural Law  
•    Understand U.S. Contract Law as it relates to substantive law governing contracts and commercial disputes in the U.S.
•    Understand the history of common law contract doctrine and the evolution of contract law principals in the U.S.
•    Understand the relationship between common law, the Uniform Commercial Code and Restatement of Contracts in contract law doctrine
•    Understand the application of contract doctrine to real world issues

Also please to include paragraph about agreements in dispute without going to courts

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Types of White-Collar Crime

For this assignment, you are going to become a white-collar criminal! Using the proper terminology, write a 4- to 5-page report in Microsoft Word describing how you would orchestrate one of the following types of white-collar crimes:
•Bait and switch
•Telemarketing fraud
•Ponzi scheme
•Charity-based fraud

Your report should clearly demonstrate your understanding of the type of crime you have chosen. Be sure to complete the assigned reading. Your report should cover the following points:
•Define and describe each of the four types of white-collar crime listed above.
•Select one type and describe what your goals would be if you were to engage in this crime.
•Provide detailed descriptions of the methods you will use to carry out the crime.
•Mention who your victims will be, why you selected these victims, and how you will approach them.
•Identify which law enforcement agency or agencies would have responsibility for investigating your crime, and describe the challenges they will face in doing so.

Support your responses with examples.

Cite any sources in APA format.

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Different Crime Scenarios

As a bloodstain pattern analyst, you report to a homicide crime scene in a room at Legends Hotel. The appearance of the scene makes you to suspect that the criminals have cleaned up the bloodstains from the crime scene.

On the basis of your understanding of the scenario, discuss the following:
•How would you determine whether the bloodstains have actually been cleaned up or not?
•What method would you use to visualize the presence of blood at a crime scene and why would you choose this method over other methods that are available? Support your opinion by discussing other methods available for bloodstain identification.
•Identify the household chemicals that give false positives with the method of identification chosen by you? Discuss.

Forensic photography has also been done to reproduce the crime scene in the hotel room. This would serve as an important part of evidence collection. It can also be used to document the results of presumptive tests for bloodstains.

Based on your knowledge of photos and the results of presumptive tests, discuss the following:
•How does forensic photography help in photo documenting the results of presumptive tests for blood?
•Can there be any challenges of forensic photography on photo documenting the results of presumptive tests for blood? If yes, how can a crime scene technician overcome the challenges of photo documenting the results?
•What steps would you carry out to photo document the results of presumptive tests for blood?
•Which type of presumptive test is best for use in the field from a forensic photography point of view?

Create 2- to 3-page report in a Microsoft Word document covering both the above scenarios.

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Area of Origin and Area of Convergence


You are a bloodstain pattern analyst assigned to a crime scene investigation team, and you have been called upon to analyze bloodstains at a crime scene. There are multiple victims who are deceased. One victim was struck by an unknown blunt object that has caused bloodstain pattern on a wall. Another victim appears to have gunshot wounds, but the police reported they may have been stabbed with a sharp object.

You are tasked to write a report that discusses directional analysis, types of injuries, and blood volume loss. Your task is to ultimately identify, select, document, and analyze bloodstains.

Create 3- to 4-page report in a Microsoft Word document summarizing your analysis regarding the area of origin and the area of convergence. The report must also include a discussion addressing a first responder report that one of the victims appears to have been stabbed.

View the bloodstains: Bloodstains

Your report must document the following:
•Directional Analysis:
◦Methodology used for stain selection and analysis
◦Calculations done
◦Formula used
◦Basis for your interpretation
◦References, if any

Note: If you decide not to use certain images, you will need to document the reason for doing so.
•Interpretation of the injuries and postmortem observations:
◦Examine the bloodstain and determine the type of bloodstain you observed.

View the image taken at the crime scene: Click here 
•Rationale for your conclusion.

During your initial search of the crime scene, you observe a large pool of blood with a void pattern where a body once lay. Investigation determines one of the victims is missing and through various records check, a possible victim is identified. Interviews and department of motor vehicle records indicate the victim's weight was approximately 135 pounds.

Your supervisor wants to know if the missing victim is alive or dead.

Based on your observations, answer the following:
•Calculate the amount of blood present in the victim given the weight in liters.
•Determine the amount of blood loss that would cause the victim to go in to shock.
•Calculate the amount of blood loss that could not sustain this victim's life.

Discuss what studies you would conduct to determine the amount of blood loss occurred at the crime scene.

Support your responses with examples.

Cite any sources in APA format.

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Investigation of Bloodstains

You are a member of a homicide investigation team. Team members have sent you digital images of a recent death case. As a trained and certified bloodstain pattern analyst, you have been provided with the following images for interpretation of bloodstain patterns found at the crime scene.

View the images:

Crime Scene 

Based upon your review of the aforementioned photographs, you recommended to your supervisor that there might be additional evidence at the scene. Upon arrival, you participate as a member of a crime scene processing team, and you have used luminol to enhance bloodstain evidence at a crime scene.

View the images of enhanced bloodstain evidence:

Crime Scene After Applying Luminol 

At the office, your supervisor asks you to write a report for the lead detective on this case.

Based on your analysis and interpretation of the bloodstain patterns in the above pictures, create a 4- to 5-page report in a Microsoft Word document addressing the following:
•Your initial review of the crime scene photographs.
•Your analysis on the bloodstain patterns in the pictures provided.
•Your interpretation of the bloodstains.
•Your interpretation of bloodstains developed with fluorescence.
•Determine if the bloodstains are passive, spatter, or altered.
•Sub-categorize the bloodstains, such as clotted, diluted, dried, diffused, etc.
•Methodology used to search the scene for bloodstains and use of chemicals for visualization of bloodstains.
•Methodology used for processing and collection of the various bloodstains.
•Summary of the data obtained from the photographs.
•Your hypothesis and the scenario.

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The ImClone Case

Research the ImClone case.

In the ImClone case, Martha Stewart was convicted of lying to investigators (obstruction of justice and perjury) and also charged with securities fraud for selling stock of a company called ImClone.

Based on your understanding of the ImClone case, answer the following questions:
•Why did this case come to the attention of the SEC?
•What were the specific crimes involved in this case?
•Should Stewart have been prosecuted? Why or why not?
•Did being famous make things better or worse for her?

Based on your study on stock answer the following questions:
•What are some of the factors that can make the price of a company’s stock increase or decrease?
•Do you own any stock? If yes, then what were the factors that influenced your decision to buy shares in a particular company? If not, what factors would you consider when buying shares? Note: You do not have to reveal which shares you own or any other personal information.

Are the executives of a publicly traded company required to report their stock transactions? Why or why not?