Per the text, approximately 81% of suspects in criminal cases waive their Miranda rights. Discuss two (2) factors that contribute to the low number of suspects who exercise their Miranda rights. Take a position on whether or not it is ethical for investigating officers to attempt to obtain a waiver of Miranda rights. What is your rationale? Review the factors listed in Box 6.4 “The Innocence Project” in Chapter 6 of your textbook that contribute to a false confession during a police interrogation. Research a police department (maybe one in your area) and state one method they use to lessen the instances of false confessions. Remember to consider the factors stated by the Innocence Project.
Assignment 1: What Is a Gang? How Does a Gang Differ from a Fraternity?
Due Week 3 and worth 180 points
Fifteen years ago, Esbensen and Winfree published an article in which they challenged the stereotypical image of gang members, specifically with regard to race/ethnicity and sex. In the ensuing years, a number of other publications have reported findings similar to those reported by Esbensen and Winfree, especially with regard to the sex composition of American youth gangs. Studies from Europe have also reported gang member demographic characteristics similar to those reported in the United States. The current article replicates Esbensen and Winfree’s research by examining the sex and racial/ethnic characteristics of self-reported gang members in a seven (7) city study. In addition, the article explores these characteristics across five (5) years of data, examining the extent to which gang member demographics remain constant as youth age. Furthermore, given the attention to immigration, the article also assesses the extent to which gang membership is linked to immigration status. More important, the article also explores the extent to which offending rates vary by these demographic characteristics of the gang and non-gang youth.
The following article will be helpful in structuring your presentation and it is titled, “Who Are Gangsters? An Examination of the Age, Race/Ethnicity, Sex, and Immigration Status of Self-Reported Gang Members in a Seven-City Study of American Youth”, and can be found at http://ccj.sagepub.com/cgi/reprint/28/4/465?ijkey=09fuCMBIn7zOM&keytype=ref&siteid=spccj:
Using the supplied article and readings from your textbook, create a ten to fifteen (10-15) slide presentation in which you research a gang in your city or state:
Create ten to fifteen (10-15) slides that explain the definition of a gang and compares and contrasts three (3) public’s perceptions of gangs. Describe three (3) reasons why the public’s perception of gangs defines fraternities as gangs. Compare and contrast three (3) significant features found in female and male gangs. Note: This could be crimes, activity, demographics, etc. Compare and contrast three (3) behaviors of both fraternities and gangs. Next provide two (2) recruiting and initiation rituals for both fraternities and gangs then in your own words describe the significance of using these rituals within both fraternities and gangs. Justify your response. Use at least three (3) academic references besides or in addition to the textbook. Note: Wikipedia and other Websites do not qualify as academic resources. Your assignment must follow the following formatting requirements:
Use a maximum of 15 slides—using this rule of thumb helps to make your presentation effective. Make your titles headlines—not descriptions-each slide is a prime piece of real estate, adding information or insight to the story you’re trying to tell. You’re wasting valuable real estate if you only use pictures, or your slides are filled with just words. Close with and ask—Leave your classmates thinking, that’s what research is about. The specific course learning outcomes associated with this assignment are:
Critically analyze the historical rise in power of gangs and gang affiliation. Critically analyze the historical rise in power of organized crime families. Distinguish the difference among Italian, Irish, Asian, Russian, and other crime syndicates. Use technology and information resources to research issues related to drugs, gangs, and organized crime. Write clearly and concisely about the impact of drugs, gangs, and organized crime using proper writing mechanics. Click here to view the grading rubric for this assignment.
Chapter 1 of you textbook provided a historical account of gang emergence and institutionalization in large cities. We see that the emergence of street gangs in the United States can be explained by a series of social and historical events and urban conditions. During this week’s reading, Chapter 5 discusses several key factors of the five-stage theory of gang formation, expansion, and associated violence. Using your textbook and outside resources provide a 200 to 500 word critique of the five-stage theory of gang formation, expansion, and associated violence. In your response be sure to cite three (3) strengths and three (3) weaknesses of this theory. The social disorganization theory has received substantial empirical support. The central thesis of this theory is that ethnic heterogeneity, low socioeconomic status, and residential mobility reduce the capacity of community residents to control crime. Using the Internet and Strayer databases review three (3) instances where social disorganization theory can be attributed to modern-day gangs. Next, based on your research do you believe that social disorganization theory explains the hot spots for gang activity and set space influences on gang violence. Provide support for your response.
Developmental theories have achieved widespread acceptance because they explain onset; escalation; course maintenance; de-escalation; desistance in individuals’ delinquent and criminal careers. Developmental models help to map the offense-based pathway to gang involvement. The developmental framework, in a simplified manner, depicts key stepping-stones in the gang member pathway. Using this week’s reading from your textbook, determine three (3) key propositions of developmental or life-course theories that you find most relevant to the onset of adolescence criminal groups. Next suggest two (2) ways for each of your selected key propositions of development or life-course theories that we can use to alter the outcomes of the gang member pathways to reduce gang activity. Using the Internet, Strayer databases, and your textbook propose four (4) common misperceptions about gang involvement, persistence, and desistence that can be debunked. Next, of the four (4) misconceptions you proposed which debunked misconception surprised you the most. Justify your response.
Importance of the Jury" Please respond to the following:
Discuss two (2) emotions that the symbol of Justitia (in Figure 7.1 in Chapter 7 of your textbook) invokes in you regarding the notion of justice. Support or criticize the common statement “justice is blind.” Justify your position. Use the Internet or Strayer Library to research one (1) case in which a grand jury was convened from your home state, and one (1) case in which a petit jury was convened from your home state. Next, explain the major distinctions between the two (2) cases you chose. Finally, compare and contrast the fundamental differences in size and function between a grand jury and a petit jury. My home state is Missouri .
"Assessing Juvenile Offenders" Please respond to the following:
Review the Juvenile Justice System Structure & Process case flow diagram on the U.S. Department of Justice website, located at http://www.ojjdp.gov/ojstatbb/structure_process/case.html. Which aspect of this system of this system do you find to be the most significant in working with juveniles? Remember to keep in mind early intervention, and the purpose of the system. Research the juvenile system in your home state--what do methods do they use to rehabilitate or intervene with the youth. Can you support its effectiveness? Compare this to the 3 types of prevention interventions mentioned in the text.
Girls have been active participants in U.S. gangs since the late 19th Century. From this week’s reading determine three (3) reasons why gang research was so slow to notice the active involvement of girls in gangs. Next, do you believe that female gang involvement is increasing or decreasing as a result of increased gang research? Provide support for your response. Using the Internet and Strayer databases research three (3) instances of serious criminal activity committed by modern-day female gangs. Next, determine whether or not your selected instances were treated the same or different than crimes committed by male gangs. In your response provide one (1) examples for each of your instances supporting whether a crime committed by a female gang was either treated the same or different than the same crime committed by a male gang.
Effective Policing" Please respond to the following:
According to the text, the Joint Committee on Police Psychology Competencies has identified four (4) general domains of proficiency that include the assessment domain, the intervention domain , the operational domain, and the consulting domain. Determine the key activities involved in each domain and discuss whether or not you could rank these domains in the order of importance. Justify your position. Per the text, social media has become a mainstay in reporting both the commendable and deplorable behavior of police officers. Take a position on whether the presence of social media is having a mainly positive or mainly negative effect on the way in which officers carry out their duties. Provide a rationale for your response
According to media reports, police officer Darren Wilson shot and killed 18 year old Michael Brown on August 9, 2014, in Ferguson, Missouri, a suburb of St. Louis. The disputed circumstances of the shooting of an unarmed man, the resultant protests, and the civil unrest due to racial undertones of the case have received considerable attention in the United States and abroad. In this case study, you will explore how police psychology impacts the future outcome of this case and the likelihood of criminal charges being brought against the officer.
There is no uniform nationwide timeline of street gang emergence in the United States. As discussed in Chapter 1, each of the four (4) major geographic regions saw uneven development of gangs in the history of this country. Serious gangs first emerged on the East Coast in the 1820’s followed by the Midwest (Chicago) and West (Los Angeles) regions a century later, and in the South after another half century. In the more recent era, gang activity in America appears to exhibit a more uniform pattern. The National Gang Center (NGC) has tracked U.S. gang activity since its first emergence on American soil. After reading Chapter 7, suggest three (3) reasons why the presence of youth gang activity varies across cities of different sizes. Next, propose three (3) ways we can reduce gang activity in cities that are drastically affected. Which of your proposed methods do you believe would be most effective? Justify your response. Using your textbook, Internet, and Stayer databases state three (3) features of cities that best explains the rise in youth gang trends. Next, hypothesize two (2) reasons why these factors matter then evaluate the significance of your two (2) selected factors on youth gang activity.
Corrections and Psychology" Please respond to the following:
Ascertain the importance of each of the four (4) basic categories of risk management activities discussed in Chapter 10 of the textbook. Next, select two (2) of these categories, and provide one (1) real-world example of a forensic psychologist or criminal justice system professional effectively carrying out an activity from that category. Be specific and detailed in your real-world example.
During this week’s reading we examined the gang presence in larger cities. Using your textbook and this week’s reading, compare and contrast three (3) reasons why some gang problems become increasingly more serious in some cities while in others they do not. Next based on where you currently live, research the nearest large city near you and its various gang problems then provide a 200 to 500 word response describing how your city compares and contrasts to one (1) other city of similar demographics. Read the case study titled, “Drugs, Guns, and Disadvantaged Youths: Co-Occurring Behavior and the Code of the Street” found here. Based on this case study, name three (3) distinctive features of gangs within cities then propose two (2) features you believe are most relevant when depicting gangs in cities. Justify your response.
Prior research has established that there is a cumulative effect of risk factors on both youth violence and gang membership and as a result risk factors in multiple domains increase the probability of youth violence and gang involvement. Using your textbook reading from Chapter 9, speculate three (3) effects of cumulative risk, including risk in multiple domains, on youth violence, and gang membership. Next provide a 200 to 500 word summary comparing and contrasting the extent of whether the patterns are similar or different for youth violence and gang membership. View the video titled, “Through Our Eyes: Children, Violence, and Trauma—Introduction” located at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z8vZxDa2KPM then in your own words describe three (3) risk factors that depict the extent of exerting violence in kids. Next debate whether or not the risk factors for youth violence are similar or different from those for gang membership. Provide support for your response.
This website is owned and operated by PFS Limited.
Company Registration office is at:
2875 NE 194st St 404, Miami, FL 33180
Edudorm.com provides writing and research services for limited use only. All the materials from our website should be used with proper references and in accordance with Terms & Conditions
