Select one of the following issues: • Racial profiling Write a 1,050- to 1,705-word paper addressing how your selected issue affects the criminal justice system as a whole. (Racial profiling) • Describe some of the change(s) the criminal justice system as a whole has made in response to the issue you selected. • Include your opinion on whether the changes are sufficient. Should more changes be made, and if so, what changes? Format your paper consistent with APA guidelines.
Write a 1,050- to 1,450-word paper discussing policing practices and operations. Include an assessment of the following: • The relationship between traditional organizational structures of policing agencies • Communication patterns both within and outside the policing agency • Current trends in the approach to the policing function Identify any existing issues with the partnership between law enforcement and community. Recommend any necessary changes to improve partnerships between law enforcement and community. Format your paper consistent with APA guidelines.
Create a 3-4 slide presentation in which you discuss current issues related to policing. Select one of the following issues: •Use of technology by officers and the community Include the following in the presentation: •Explain how your chosen issue impacts the way policing agencies complete their function. * Include speaker notes with each of your slides.
Identify one (only one) positive example of social media that has impacted (or interacted with) global criminal justice systems. Create a 6-8 - slide presentation in which you address the following: •Describe the impact/interaction the form of social media had upon the criminal justice system . •Explain the effects of the positive impact/interaction and suggest additional ways in which the criminal justice system can use this form of social media.
Identify the current crimes and criminal issues that impact the criminal justice system on a global basis. Write a 1,400- to 2,000-word paper that addresses the following: •Describe what worldwide criminal justice systems are doing to address the criminal issues you identified. •Find and summarize a news story covering either a cybercrime or a terrorism-related crime that occurred within the last 2 years that had a worldwide impact. ◦Discuss how worldwide criminal justice systems handled the crime. ◦Provide your opinion on the effectiveness of the systems' response and include suggestions for future responses to combat or prevent these crimes. Format your paper consistent with APA guidelines.
Topic: • The continued abolishment by individual states of the death penalty as a sentencing option Write a 700-1,000 word paper describing your selected issue and how it has evolved to its current status. Include the following in your paper • Explain how the issue will affect correctional populations. Format your paper consistent with APA guidelines.
Write a 2-3 page paper that addresses the following: ◾Identify and describe the advantages and disadvantages of consolidating the municipal and superior court systems. ◾Recommend the action you think the court administrator should take regarding consolidation. I Format your paper according to APA standards.
Select one of the following issues that court administrators face: • Volume of cases in the court system Write a 700- to 1,000-word paper to describe the efforts that court administrators have made to address or solve the issue. Have the efforts been successful in addressing the issue? Part B: Write a 700- to 1,050-word paper in which you summarize the current state of victims' rights in your state (Florida) (including identifying the existence of any victims' rights laws) and assess their impact on criminal law proceedings. Include a description of one change you would make in the criminal court system regarding victim's rights. 2 sources per par. APA
Research existing community-based correctional programs in your area. (Florida) Create a program that the court could offer as part of a sentencing option that you think would be effective when given to offenders enrolled in the program. Part A Use the Brochure Builder tool to design an informational 1- to 2-page brochure explaining your program. Part B Create a 5- to 7-slide presentation in which you address the following: • Explain the issues you identified while researching existing community based programs. • Describe your proposed program. • Explain why you designed the program the way you did and explain what you hope the program will accomplish. Include detailed speaker notes with each slide. Format your paper consistent with APA guidelines.
Describe the positive aspects of the collaborative initiative
The community-based initiative was started in order to ensure justice was maintained in the thirty-six states where crimes were experienced. Many people attended the community meetings where youth programs and other important programs were started in order to educate people on ways of minimizing crimes and maintaining justice. The initiative ensured that police hours were added to the known crime hot spots and that more police officers were employed in order to combat crimes. The initiative was established to ensure a census was done. This showed the number of people in those affected communities. The initiative educated members of the public on ways of eradicating crimes and reporting lawbreakers to the authority. The initiative helped many people who were affected by both domestic violence and other external crimes. This showed the importance of the initiative to the people. The youths were educated and trained in order to educate other people on the importance of justice. Many youths were employed to work at the known hotspots in order to eliminate major crimes. The initiative brought positive changes to the known states where crimes occurred. They came up with policies on how to combat crimes by involving the affected people thus discovering problems faced by the affected people. Since the initiatives were introduced, the crime rate decreased which included property and violence crimes. Most crimes as per the study were caused by drug related cases. The initiative had started a policy on educating people the negative effects of drugs especially the youths. The consumption of drugs decreased which led to decrease in the crimes since many youth participated in crimes because of drugs.
The initiatives realized that juvenile crimes were mainly conducted after school since kids were not closely supervised. They came up with ways ensuring kids were supervised and given tasks right from school in order to ensure they had something to do. The initiatives provide an after school program where youths and kids involve themselves in recreational and educational facilities thus they are not idle. Members of the community and of the initiatives act as good mentors to the youth and as role models for youths to emulate. These programs from the initiatives have helped in crime reduction since most youths are involved in crimes since they are not supervised and guided accordingly. The initiatives through community policing ensured that there exist good relationship between the people and the police force. The police officers based on community are friendly to the people and are able to discover the problems faced by the people in that local community. They come up with common solutions for the discovered problems in order to help the affected people. The community police officers work for more hours in order to ensure the people are well protected through carrying out patrols. The local people joined hands with the in initiatives since they were friendly to the people and helped people. The initiatives were successful since they involved the affected people without discrimination and bias.
What partner do you feel is less essential to the initiative and why?
State police officers are less essential in the initiatives. The initiatives are supposed to train the youths instead of employing the state officers. People fear police officers and thus problems will not be discovered accordingly. The government police officers who have been employed to combat crimes have not been able to solve the problem. Thus, they should not be involved in the community-based organizations since they have already failed to attend their duties well. Police officers are not friendly to the people and most people fear them. Problems cannot be solved in the midst of fear. The initiatives should train the members of the community who understand the communities better. For example, Easton Hotspot initiative came up with ways of helping the youths find alternative ways of living without use of drugs. The initiative did not employ police officers but looked for alternative facilities for youths to enjoy and learn instead of involving themselves in drugs. This shows that crimes can be combated without use of police officers. Most crimes are caused by youths who abuse drugs. Thus educating the youths on ways of eradicating drugs lead to decrease in crimes. The youths should supervised and exposed to educational and recreational services. The initiative did this, which led to crimes reduction rate.
What criminal justice entity do you feel could have enhanced the success of the initiative?
The state criminal justice board and commission could have been useful in this initiative. This commissions and boards are aimed at advising members of the public on ways of eliminating crimes. The commissions also provide funds to those local initiatives in order to support youth and kids development. Funds are important in order for the initiatives to run smoothly (Ross, 2009). They ensure justice is done by coming up with policies and program on juvenile justice. The state commissions ensure that justice is efficient and that criminals are sentenced accordingly. They ensure that funds are available in order to support the minority groups and youths. The initiatives through these state commissions would become more successful since the main aim of the initiatives in maintaining justice by combating crimes. The youths are the most affected since they are involved in crimes because of drug and substance abuse. The commissions would ensure that funds are available for the youths to enroll themselves in other activities rather than drugs and crimes (Ross, 2009). The state is responsible to take care of its people thus the initiatives should work hand in hand with the state for success to be achieved.
What NON-criminal justice entity do you feel could have enhanced the success of the initiative?
A criminal justice and information service is an example of a non criminal justice entity that the initiative could have used. This aims at taking the fingerprints of the community people and recording them for the purposes of ensuring that criminals are sentenced and discovered easily. It aims at maintaining security and thus ensuring justice (Senior et al, 2007). The service is aimed at keeping people’s records in order to ensure that information is retrievable at any given time concerning a particular person. Information should be safely recorded in order to ensure that criminals do not escape unpunished. The initiatives through using such commissions are able to get successful since they will information regarding each member of the community. This will help to solve crimes more easily and punishing those people working against justice. The information services ensure that justice is maintained since information is recorded without discrimination and bias (Senior et al, 2007). The information services ensure that members of the public are educated on their rights and get knowledge on justice related issues. The community-based initiatives through using such initiatives are able to become more successful and educate people more easily.
References
Ross, D. L. (2009). Civil Liability in Criminal Justice. Burlington: Elsevier Science.
Senior, P., Crowther-Dowey, C., & Long, M. (2007). Understanding the modernisation in criminal justice. Maidenhead: Open University Press.
Using concepts related to groups and group dynamics, explain what happened in this situation
Group dynamics aims at understanding the behavior and characteristics of a certain social group. It is able to tell the extent of discrimination and racism faced by the social group. Officer Barton joined the police force after getting trained but was not familiar with the lifestyle of the city. He entered the police force and was able to adapt the culture of solidarity and being secretive. All the new trainees had different cultures and lifestyles as well as attitudes and behaviors. They were all able to adapt to the culture of the police officers and slowly absorbed in to the culture of other officers. Barton wanted to be a good officer who would protect and fight for rights of his people which was not the case since he adapted to the behavior of other police officers and his trainers. He learnt how to protect his fellow officers instead. Barton and his crew were given a task to eliminate a gang which terrorized people. Instead of getting members of the gang, the officers terrorized people and arrested people who were not associated with the gang. As a member of the police group that was to arrest the gang members, he was unable to protect innocent people even though he remained neutral.
When does group cohesiveness cease to be positive and become pathological?
Group cohesiveness cease to be positive when almost all other members in the group are in agreement to do wrong instead of doing the right thing. For example Barton as a new officer was taught bad behaviors and morals. He was ready to help the public and fight for the rights of the public but was enrolled in a group which did not maintain good characters. Many members in the group come to agreement and support rules against the given standards. Police officers work hand in hand together and are able to protect each other since their subcultures are important to them. They are able to work together in achieving bad characters instead of working together to protect the public.
Are subcultures in police work inevitable? Explain
Subcultures in the police work have turned to be inevitable. The trainees are able to get those cultures from trainers and other old members of the police force. This always goes unasked since even the police bosses are involved in these subcultures. New police trainees are assimilated in these subcultures. Barton wanted to be a good police officer but was not given a room to exercise the right to help his people. Instead he was given a group which did not give him a chance to exercise his duty as police officer. His fellow group members terrorized innocent people and worked in hand with the members of the gang. They arrested innocent people and released the gang members. This shows how the police force is faced with cases of discrimination and corruption by arresting innocent people and setting free the criminals. Subcultures cannot be avoided since police officers work as a group and protect one another. Failure to protect a fellow officer will lead to serious consequences. In most cases they do not help the public but work to achieve their own interests. These subcultures are initiated by the police trainers who train new officers to adopt such negative subcultures.
What steps might you take, as a police administrator, to prevent this from occurring?
As a police administrator, I would employ other new trainers who are not aware of the subcultures in the police force. New trainers will train police officers towards safeguarding rights of the public instead of allowing their interests first. I would supervise the training period in order to ensure that the new police officers are trained according to the set standards and disciplines of the police force. I would administer punishments to police officers who do not follow the given rules, regulations and standards of the police force. I would ensure that police officers whether new or old follow the set rules and regulations of the police force. I would reward those good police officers in order for them to become motivated and thus motivate others. Giving rewards to those officers who perform well in their duties is an important strategy which ensures that performance is maintained high.
Is it in the best interest of society to jail and deport mothers?
First, improvements should be made to deal with this problem of imprisonment where various organizations should come up to assist children whose parents are imprisoned as a way of helping those children grow and develop well (Reitmayer, 2009). In some cases the society is not ready to take care of the children and they end up being raised behind bars by their imprisoned parents which is a discouraging thing in the societies. There are many other groups and organizations that help children who witnessed their parents commit crimes and saw them being imprisoned. This is a trauma to the children and the organizations help such children to do away with that stigma and trauma.
Secondly, a policy should be put in place to make sure that children regularly visit their parents who are behind bars. Imprisonment of the parents is seen to cause more traumas than other types of separation. Many children who often visit their children are seen to have reduced traumas as compared to those who are totally separated. This is a policy that imprisoned parents should be visited by their children.
Thirdly, the prison rules should be made less restrictive and communication between children and the parents made easier. It is true that from research done mothers in prison keep in touch with their children than the fathers imprisoned. African American imprisoned parents of both genders keep in touch with their children more than other ethnicities in the United States (Kanstroom, 2012). Communication between children and their parents is hindered by prison rules and restrictions, distance involved and trauma experienced by children after the visit. Imprisonment of ladies and girls only expose them to drug abuse cases, mental illnesses and physical and sexual abuse (Kanstroom, 2012).
The fourth recommendation is that better services should be provided in the jails unlike traditionally by both the government and non governmental organizations. Very few numbers of women and girls get the services they need and thus end up being abused physically instead of being molded. This makes the prisons unnecessary places to expose the women to since they are not only separated to their children but also faces traumas and abuses thus causing mental illnesses in them (Kanstroom, 2012).
The fifth recommendation is that other forms of punishments should be used instead of jail terms for example community cleaning projects rather than serving jail terms .Other forms of punishments can replace being jailed which will enable parents perform their roles responsibly(Reitmayer, 2009). Children whose parents are unauthorized are not medically insured and suffer illnesses causing problems to them therefore they should be properly medicated.
Conclusion
Policies supporting mothers’ jail terms should be abolished since the children are left to suffer which should not be the case. Parents should always remain responsible to their children and the society should not support bad policies such as parents’ deportation and imprisonments and instead should come up with better policies rather than imprisonments. Most mothers deported are deported for several reasons including racial discrimination cases and the mothers who are financially unstable thus leading them suffer thus leading to suffering of the whole society at large. The mothers are mostly concerned with taking care of their children and thus when they end up in prisons many children are left suffering mentally, physically, spiritually and psychologically which is causing a lot of suffering in the society. It is actually true that children whose mothers are imprisoned are likely to suffer serious problems and end up being imprisoned too. Majority of children who suffer are those who have their mothers in jail unlike those with their fathers in jail. This is a negative trend in the society which brings separation not only to the parents but to the minors who are the children and which should be abolished.
References
Kanstroom, D. (2012, July 15). Deportation Laws Destroy Lives. Retrieved December 10, 2013, from SALON: http://www.salon.com/2012/07/15/how_can_they_do_this_to_us/
Reitmayer, E. E. (2009, n.d n.d). When Parents Get Deported Citizen Children Fight to Survive. Accessed on December 10, 2013, Retrieved from; News21:http://asu.news21.com/2010/08/children-of-deported-parents/
Breed specific legislation is the prohibition and limitation of certain breeds of dogs which are said to be dangerous and harmful for example dogs known as German shepherds. Most of the countries and states are asking the municipal governments to enact laws that protect them from those dangerous dog breeds. The dogs cause attacks to people which is an alarming case in most countries and states. Many people view breed specific legislation as a good method of reducing bites and attacks from dangerous dogs which are not the case since the circumstances leading the dogs to behave so are the ones to be investigated instead. The breeds are of less importance in this case and their main cause should be clearly investigated.
Disadvantages of breed specific legislation
Breed specific legislation does not seem to work
The use of pathos describes the feelings of the people being attacked by the dangerous dogs. Breed specific legislation does not look at the cause of the dogs being dangerous but emphasizes on means of reducing the rate of harm caused by the dogs. The root cause of the problem should be analyzed instead so as to find for the best solution (Rigney, 2010). The people involved suffer sadness and are affected physically, emotionally and psychologically by this issue. The laws interfere with the way some people handle their pets since there are some people who control and love their dogs and who do not affect the surviving of others. The legislation does not cater for such person who is very unfair since everybody is entitled to rights that should be respected (Rigney, 2010). Breed laws are not the best to enforce and are very hard since it is time consuming to identify every type of dog.
Breed specific laws are costly for the community
Ethos explains in details the author’s knowledge of the topic which clearly enhances arguments to be valid as in this case of breed laws which are viewed as very expensive laws to the community. Community people can abandon household dogs as a result of shelter matters (Dog law, 2011). Enforcing and implementing the laws is cumbersome and very hard since the required budget is costly for both the community and animal agencies. Many rural areas are affected by these rules since the fund is not available to form the animal agencies for regulation and control of breeding dogs. The funds are not available so as to employ the necessary manpower required in that whole process of identified the unnecessary dogs in the communities (Dog law, 2011). For example it was very expensive for Maryland to maintain pit bulls which make many states go against the rules and laws of breed specific since it a very expensive project. Many countries have therefore supported the bun of these specific breed laws and regulations since they are of disadvantage to the community and the society at large (Dog law, 2011).
Breed specific laws fail to withstand authorized and permitted challenges
The laws are seen as unconstitutional in the society since the animal agencies are not specific on the kin d of breeds that are considered dangerous and harmful. Eliminating dogs could be termed as unconstitutional since it is seen as termination of the properties without the owner’s permission (Palika, 2006). It is unconstitutional and thus the rhetoric aspect of logos is portrayed here since there is no logic in performing such actions that are causing trouble to other people instead of actually developing them. These laws are seen to contribute negatively to the community and are greatly opposed by people. Proper identification of dogs that are dangerous and harmful is challenging which makes it an expensive mean of controlling breed types in dogs (Palika, 2006).
Solutions to the specific breed laws
Using animal control laws
Animal control laws should be enforced especially the leach laws which will deal on how to handle and maintain the harmful dogs (Alexander, & Earle-Bridges, 2007). The communities should support the animal control laws and support them by funding and providing resources for such laws to be implemented.
Public awareness and education
The public should be educated and made aware of how to deal with dangerous and harmful dogs and especially train children and teenagers who are prone to such attacks when playing with pets (Alexander, & Earle-Bridges, 2007). Adults should closely supervise their kids when playing with pets so as to avoid unnecessary bites from dogs.
Spraying the dogs
The people should start a policy on spraying male and female dogs. People should consult their veterinaries so as to reduce cases of bites and injuries from dogs both dangerous and good ones. The services provided by veterinaries should be of affordable costs so as to maintain good relationships between pets and their owners instead of actually eliminating them (Alexander, & Earle-Bridges, 2007). Pets are good and should always be maintained since they can also protect the people from unwanted persons.
Possible disadvantage of these solutions
The public might become very arrogant in getting education on methods of controlling their pets which could end up causing serious problems to children especially (Alexander, & Earle-Bridges, 2007). The enforcement of animal control laws is also very expensive and can be ignored by the public and thus the problem of dog bites may continue.
Conclusion
Breed laws are not acceptable to the people from the above point of view and it is evidently observed that they are followed by a number of disadvantages. Dogs should be protected instead of eliminating hem thus enacting animal control laws instead of breed specific laws since they are time and money consuming. Thus the public and especially adults should take good care of their pets and control them to avoid them from hurting their children.
References
Alexander, C., & Earle-Bridges, M. (2007). Bull terriers: Everything about purchase, care, nutrition, behavior, and training. Hauppauge, N.Y: Barron's.
Dog law: Breed-specific legislation, wolf-dog hybrid, pet passport, animal control officer, Dangerous Dogs Act 1991, dog licence, one-dog policy, Dempsey, dogcart, Dogs Act 953. (2011). Memphis, TN: Books LLC.
Palika, L. (2006). American Pit Bull Terrier Your Happy Healthy Pet. Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons.
Rigney, D. (2010). The Matthew effect: How advantage begets further advantage. New York: Columbia University Press.
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