Banner Healthcare

Introduction

            Banner healthcare is an organization situated in Phoenix, Arizona, United States. The healthcare system currently operates 28 hospitals with other facilities across six states which offers specialized services, and it is one of the highest employers in Arizona and the United States with workers more than 50,000. The system offers a different range of services, which includes pharmacies, emergency, outpatient surgery, rehabilitation services, and primary care among others.

            Banner healthcare system provides Medicare Advantage insurance plan in two different categories which include University Care Advantage and a Banner University Family Care enabling it to serve its customers in the best way they want based on the insurance plan they take to cover their health needs.

Readiness in addressing future health conditions

            The aim of the Banner healthcare is in their mission, which aims in improving the life of its clients. Banner healthcare has enough resources in the facilities to cater for the health issues that might be common in the next decade, for example, the adequate staffing and assets it has puts it in a better position to address health needs that may arise (Savino & Latifi, 2019). Partnership with the other health organizations enabled then to address the rising cases of the cancer patients

            Banner health has also evolved to a full integration system that provides more services offered through Banner- University medicine, Banner Health Network, and Banner Medical Group. The services ensure that they offer are of convenient access to the communities they serve by setting up clinics (About Banner Health, n.d.). The Banner healthcare system has also invested in conducting researchers through Banner Research. The studies are done on clinical trials, Alzheimer, and other researches are done in Banner MD Anderson Banner Cancer Center Research and Banner Sun Health Research Institute. The studies enable them to discover new diagnoses, prevention, and treatment methods for diseases, which then allows them to provide evidence-based care to their customers (Burton et al., 2017).

            The rapid changes in the healthcare environment resulted in the development of Banner Telehealth. It is the innovation phase which enables them to provide services to customers regardless of their location (About Banner Health, n.d.). The growth in technology makes the care provided to patients easier and thus, Banner healthcare to invest in technology will enable it to solve health problems of the citizens more quickly in the coming decade. Introduction of the Banner Icare, TeleICU, Teleacute Care, Telebehavioral Health and other Telehealth services enables it to provide services to people with chronic illnesses at the comfort of the homes by interacting with the healthcare team to address their problems (Savino & Latifi, 2019). Those are the innovations for future health.

            Furthermore, it has also introduced Care Transformation provides real-time patient information to the caregivers by the use of an electronic system (Savino & Latifi, 2019). Individuals seeking care in the health facilities need a safer and quality care, and therefore, Banner Care Transformation provides the care providers with the information they need which reduces mistakes done and thus making the care safer to the patients (Savino & Latifi, 2019). Banner healthcare has also introduced the Door-to-Doc which is a patient flow way that results to better safety of the clients in the emergency departments by decreasing the wait time which then reduces incidences of patients leaving without treatment (About Banner Health, n.d.). The innovations increase patient safety, and thus, it is ready to handle a larger number of patients within a shorter period.

            Banner healthcare has created and expanded its network in various western states, and it has 28 hospitals currently. The healthcare system has also improved access by opening different clinic within the communities where they operate to provide medical services to its clients. The growth in population and the number of individuals seeking medical services has risen, and therefore, the Banner healthcare system has put on strategies to address the issue through the introduction of the clinics.

            Also, it has also partnered with other health organizations such as the cancer center to provide services to the clients seeking cancer treatments. The number of individuals seeking cancer treatment is increasing, and thus, it is ready to provide quality care to its customers. The innovation it has invested makes it be able to handle a more significant number of patients both at home and in the hospital facilities (About Banner Health, n.d.). Thus, it can handle the needs of the patients that may arise in the next decade. The facility also has a large number of employee, which then improves the nurse to patient ratio (Savino & Latifi, 2019). A good ratio enables it to offer quality and comprehensive care to its members.

            Just like the Singapore airlines, customer satisfaction is vital. It aims at making the life of the customer a better one all the time. In Singapore airlines, employees are expected to provide the best care, and through training and evaluations done to assess the customer's satisfaction (Zentner, 2016). Both Singapore airlines and Banner healthcare welcomes new technology as they empress the changes that occur in the health system, and this resulted in the developments of innovations in both organizations. Introduction of Slot machines by Singapore airlines and Telehealth by Banner Healthcare although the slot machines did not create customer satisfaction as expected.

Conclusion

            In conclusion, Banner Healthcare system has made a good progress in the preparation for the future health needs of the individuals in the communities they serve. They have employed a good number of healthcare team and have also partnered with other organization to ensure continuous and quality care to its customers and also to serve their health needs. The organization is similar to Singapore airlines on the way they focus on the satisfaction of the clients and also in the way they empress new technology and therefore, this are organizations which are ready for the future needs because of the advancements in the technology which is highly expected. 

References

About Banner Health. (n.d.). Retrieved May 25, 2019, from https://www.bannerhealth.com/about

Burton, P. R., Banner, N., Elliot, M. J., Knoppers, B. M., & Banks, J. (2017). Policies and strategies to facilitate secondary use of research data in the health sciences.

Savino, J. A., & Latifi, R. (2019). The Hospital of the Future. The Modern Hospital: Patients Centered, Disease Based, Research Oriented, Technology Driven, 4, 375.

Zentner, A. (2016). Service as a Strategy: A Review of Singapore Airlines. Available at SSRN 2834774.

Suctioning during normal saline installation on ICU patients

Introduction:

Mechanical ventilation is the process of using a device (ventilator) to support, partially or totally the delivery of gas to the lungs. The desired effect of mechanical ventilation is to maintain adequate levels of Po2 and Pco2 in arterial blood while also unloading the inspiratory muscles (Neil R. Macintyre MD, 2016).  Critically ill patients who need mechanical ventilation require endotracheal suctioning.  Normal saline instillation before endotracheal suctioning was demonstrated to decrease patient oxygenation in most studies (HaticeAyhan, 2015). Consequence, hypoxia is occurred due to NSI during suctioning the patient, which is a common clinical issue for patients receiving mechanical ventilation in the intensive care unit (ICU). (American Association of Critical-Care Nurses, 2015).  From my experience working in ICU most of the patients are on mechanical ventilation which means need to suctioning the patients regularly as need it and most of the health care providers using NSI before suction to make the secretion thinner and easy to remove. However, the installation of normal saline leads to a decrease in oxygen saturation after the suctioning.  While sectioning with installation, normal saline causes decreases oxygen saturation, this has raised the following question: In patients with endotracheal tubes, does suction compared to normal saline, harmful. In order to reveal ambiguity and uncertainty, this paper will discuss and review the literature regarding sectioning instillation normal saline an attempt to answer the question.

Literature Review

Research by Chia-Hui Wang et al. shows that there are adverse events associated with suction during normal saline instillation. Adverse events likely to manifest include blood pressure, reduced oxygenation, high heart rate, and dyspnea. The findings from the research showed that the immediate impact of suction was immediate oxygen saturation within two to five minutes after suction. The secondary effects show that the heart rate and blood pressure were affected after the suctioning. It should be noted from the analysis that NS installation before suctioning did not benefit patients who were under either endotracheal intubation or tracheostomy. NS installation however, reduced oxygen saturation five minutes after suction. Marcus (2018) in his experiment, confirmed that his results regarding effect saline installation on patients before suction were the same when compared with Chia-Hui Wang work. Results from the study showed that it was not safe to use saline installation during endotracheal tube suctioning. The controversies surrounding the use of saline installation during endotracheal tube suctioning has prompted researchers within health care settings to find out the confidence level of nurses with the practice. There are no psychological benefits when saline is installed during suction, according to Marcus (2018). Marcus results indicated a 95 percent confidence interval, an indicator of how the result could benefit the clinic field. To further, Rosanne researched current suctioning practices by registered nurses (RNs) and registered respiratory therapists (RRTs). The experiment took place within 6 ICUs in different hospitals using already provided set of clinical practices. The outcome of the research showed that different hospitals do not follow the same rules while carrying out suctioning. The authors, therefore, recommend a probe on hospitals to find out if suction practice follows the necessary medical guidelines. Unfortunately, the outcome of the study indicates that a high number of those who took part in the research were not aware of the required NSI protocols for ICU treatment.

Ayhan further elaborates on what nurses think about normal saline installation before endotracheal suction and whether their thinking corresponds with nursing practices. The main questions asked were how often the nurses were using NS in suction and their response regarding the practice. Most nurses criticized the practice, and approximately half of the nurses believed that NSI could be harmful. Nurses think that NSI has high chances of negatively affecting patients. Nurses suggest that when in a dilemma on the use of NSI, they always opt to focus on removing secretions, therefore overlooking the negative impacts of NSI. Hoffman et al. 2013, in their article, support the idea that saline instillation is performed on an adult patient at ICU. Respiratory therapists and nurses conduct the practice of using saline with suction without enough knowledge of the required current based research that is supposed to provide guidance. The research intended to determine the benefits and flaws of suctioning on a patient with an overall provision of evidence-based practice recommendation that should go ahead to assist in serving as a guide for practice. The clinical trials carried out during the research were crucial in effectively determining ways in which saline instillation with suctioning, as an artificial airway was harmful. The researchers’ conclusion was to recommend strictly standardized protocol, and clinical guideline follows hospitals that saline instillation with suctioning should not be used on patients. (Camille and caparros, 2019) also support the idea of providing evidence-based practice whose purpose is to serve as a guide for practice. Camille study was as systematic review on the use of saline instillation in suctioning mechanically ventilated adult ICU patients.

Comparison and contrast of Findings

The first step of the research was to determine the effect of saline instillation during endotracheal tube suctioning on oxygen. The outcome of the study by Chia-Hiu Wang used RCTs to evaluate the outcome of NS installation before suctioning in ICU patients. Each person who took part in the experiment was subjected to standardized and meta-analysis in order to effectively find out the pooled effect size of NS installation through the random-effect model. The study also was assessed, two independent reviewers. The reviewers utilized Cochrane collaboration to find out about the bias risk of the study. The study further shifted from quality to risk of bias, followed by checklists and numeric scores. The checklists and numeric scores are carried towards domain-based assessments with considerations of different type of bias. According to (Sterne et al. 2016), one example of checklists is the Cochrane risk of bias of tools for randomized trials. In order to arrive at detailed findings, Chi-Hiu Wang research assessed various domains. One of the domains includes the adequacy of randomization, outcome assessors, concealment allocation, and blinding of patients. On the other, hand the study methodology for research by Markus (2018) used a randomly selected sample of RCT. All the 608 patients who took part in the research were admitted in ICUs, and 402 of the patients were estimated to be under mechanical ventilation. Just like Chia-Hiu Wang, the study by Markus utilized a randomized control trial. In both studies, the randomization is used to eliminate bias and therefore, truly ensure a direct comparison of the different groups that are under trial. The outcome of the trial and methodology indicated a low risk of biases in the study. The reason for low biased risk is that the outcome of the experiment objectively measures the trials. Another reason is that the data collected were directly taken from patients who were in ICU with the help of a trained observer who doubles up as a sample participant. The trial utilized in this research uses a well-pointed participation sample with a clear methodology. A clear methodology boosts the relevance of the experiment as it put the focus on the intended research project. The statistical outcome of the research based on a confidence interval of 95 percent indicates a p value of 0.02. The p value is below 0.05 an indicator the findings of the research to determine the effect of saline instillation during endotracheal tube suction on oxygen is significant.

Clinical practice guidelines are key factors to consider when carrying out suctioning by nurses. The findings from research conducted by (Rosanne Leddy, 2019)shows that not all the individuals who took part in the study were blinded to treatment; it is only the researchers who were blinded during the analysis of the data collected. The outcome of the study, therefore, shows that it reduced the chances of biases from medical professionals and patients. Research, which does not allow for blinding often result in a biased study. There is, however, an exception in the case of randomized controlled trials required in evaluating allied health intervention. In such a scenario, it would be difficult to blind both the participants and therapist since they are tasked with providing intervention for categorizing participants to either of the control groups. According to (Hoffmann, Tammy, et al 2013) utilizing RCTs control for human and environmental bias assist in improving the validity of the research. The validity of the research is improved through the assigning of participants into different groups and interventions. The authors of this study worked towards avoiding biases through the use of the randomly collected sample. The medical professions were allowed to examine the surveys before the organization admins. Ayhan study differed from another researcher since the findings utilized two stages. The two stages of the study are systematic review and descriptive case study. According to (Palinkas et al. 2013), the use of mixed method designs is preferred when implementing research because they provide a good and informed understanding of issues under research. The results of the research showed that 87.7% of nurses applied normal saline instillation. This outcome of the research is generally the same as other researchers’ outcomes. The study did use five studies to assess the impact of NSI before endotracheal suctioning on oxygenation. The five studies provided clear, explicit objectives that utilized inclusion criteria for the overall study to improve the transparency of the research according to (O'Connor, Whitlock and Spring, n.d.). The findings of the study showed that oxygen saturation decreases significantly when saline was used as compared to baseline values obtained before suctioning.

Strengths and limitations of the studies

The meta-analysis used by Chia-Hiu in his study had its limitation. The sample size of patients who took part in the experiment per treatment group was small for some of RCTs selection. The small selected group did have a significant impact on the statistical power of experiment results. Experiments should utilize big trials in order to arrive at statistically significant results. The second limitation of Chia-Hiu Wang study is that some of its primary and secondary outcomes were not consistent but rather varied across the studies. For most of the selected RCTs, randomization and allocation concealment were not correctly reported, therefore resulting in biased selection or confirmation. The final limitation of this study was that the selected RCTs were not able to provide an adequate discussion regarding blinding of patients and its outcome assessors, therefore having a negative final inferences basis of author analysis. Markus (2018), on the other hand, carried out its study within one day. Therefore its limitations varied. The research weakness is drawn from the fact that the project took only one day to complete, making it hard to carry out in-depth analysis and research. Researching only one-day lead to possibilities of methodological limitations (Jorge, Lilian Martins, 2014, pg27) such as limited units of a sample size to carry out an analysis. A study carried out in just one day have high chances of finding it difficult for the outcome of the research to provide a significant relationship with the collected data. Another limitation with Markus research is that he did not mention cases where a patient was dropped during the period of the research. It is, therefore, necessary for the author to mention instances where patients under research dropped out. The importance of mentioning about dropouts during the research is to improve the research clarity of the reader. The final research to determine the role of saline installation in suctioning adults by author is weak since the study is based on systematic reviews. Unlike the first two authors, this research does not support the question of the study. The study utilized a small sample size does making it the study to be invalid. According to (Hoffman, Tammy, et al 2013) studies that utilize small sample size conduct flawed research. During the research, the author’s settings used inconsistent data collection method. It was evident that the data used were not enough, and in some cases, the clinical trials were outdated. Use of outdated research clinical trials to support systematic study is not recommended. The author further failed to mention whether the study witnessed chances of bias riskiness. Chances are as a result of random variation while biased is as a result of systematic variation. Research by (Hoffman, Tammy, et al 2013) bias is a systematic error as a result of the methods used in selecting participants of the intended research study. The outcomes from this research are analyzed, resulting in inaccurate results, thus negatively influencing the final interpretation of results.

(Rosanne Leddy, 2019) findings did follow the set objectives of the research, but they were still faced with weaknesses. The methodology used by the researchers were weak because the research failed to provide the criteria that were used at arriving at the sample. The findings of the randomized trials were by the prediction that the health professional did not have the correct knowledge to support clinically approved suctioning practices. Other limitations faced during the study by (Rosanne Leddy, 2019) relates to the geographical proximity of participants in the research. The participants were working within 50 km from Mississauga Hospital. There are high chances that the participants of the research had received their education where the study took place. There were 80 participants on the research, which did not include a large study; therefore it can be said that the research was limited. The statistical power is weak when an insufficient number of participants are used in research. (Camille and caparros, 2019) study on evidence-based practice review had a different set of limitations that did not originate from the actual experiment. It is therefore recommended that further detailed research be conducted without relying on reviews that lack evidence. Ayhan study did face some limitations; the final investigation of the study on paediatric patients was not included in the assessment. Another challenge with the study is that it was conducted within one place, therefore, limiting varied views from different personnel. Thus, the obtained results regarding the views of nurses may not be generalizable. Generalizability of clinical investigations can only be possible when research is conducted within both the clinic and the population setting (Kukull, 2012). The study by Ayhan do not represent the population, but only the sample was carried out within a clinical set up, therefore, the research do not qualify for generalization.

The rationale for decision making based on a review of evidence

The decision on whether to allow or eliminate normal saline instillation before suctioning is based on both researched and reviewed evidence. A systematic review by Ayhan to find out about what nurses think of saline instillation showed that most nurses did not like the idea and believed that NSI was harmful to patients. The negative impacts that follow NSI also form the basis for our decision-making rationale. The study by Camille can be used to provide a rationale regarding the benefits and harm of NSI on ICU patients. The evidence provided in the research is strong and therefore, can be used in decision-making. The reason for choosing this study for decision-making is that it performs systematic review while answering the PICO question. The result, therefore, makes it possible to use the systematic review to formulate evidence-based nursing practice. The role of the review is accomplished through the inclusion of high-quality evidence in developing best practice guidelines hence bettering direct nursing practice by research done by (Wilma and Portia, 2016). The negative impacts that have been faced after analysis of ICU patients can form a basis where nurses should be made to follow a specific set out protocols on how to administer NSI.

Conclusion

In conclusion, suctioning with NSI is an essential aspect of ETT or tracheostomy suctioning policy in order to ensure patient safety. Besides, more studies are needed to elucidate the uncertainty with this practice. The routine clinical practice of NSI with suctioning an artificial airway is being done daily without having a clear evidence-based clinical guideline to support its practice Education should be provided to every health care provider regarding the effects of using NSI when suctioning and how it can cause further harm to the patients. However, the developer of this policy should be required to look at further recent articles discussing this point specifically. From the findings carried out throughout different researches, there is evidence to show that NSI hurts patients, therefore, making the process to face controversies and criticism. It is also true to say that nurses believe that NSI negatively affects patients, and they do not have standard protocols that they should follow when administering NSI.

Reference list

Camille, A. and Caparros, s. (2019). Mechanical Ventilation and the Role of Saline Instillation in Suctioning Adult Intensive Care Unit Patients: An Evidence-Based Practice Review. [online] Nursingcenter.com. Available at: https://www.nursingcenter.com/journalarticle?Article_ID=2485481&Journal_ID=54014&Issue_ID=2485022 [Accessed 16 May 2019].

HaticeAyhan,RN,PhD a,⁎, SevincTastan,RN a, EmineIyigun,RN a, YagmurAkamca,RN b, ElifArikan,RN c, ZubeydeSevim,RNc Normal saline instillation before endotracheal suctioning: “What does the evidence  say ? What do the nurses think?”: Multimethod study

Jorge .F, Lilian Martins F (2014) How sample size influences research outcomes. 19(4): 27–29. doi: 10.1590/2176-9451.19.4.027-029.ebo

Kukull WA1, Ganguli M. (2012) Generalizability: the trees, the forest, and the low-hanging fruit. DOI: 10.1212/WNL.0b013e318258f812

Rosanne Leddy, J. (2019). Endotracheal suctioning practices of nurses and respiratory therapists: How well do they align with clinical practice guidelines?. [online] PubMed Central (PMC). Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4530836/ [Accessed 16 May 2019].

Psychiatric malpractice as abuse of institutional power: mental health.

 Research question; Psychiatric malpractice as abuse of institutional power: mental health.

Method of conducting the study; Content analysis

I will be analyzing newspaper articles; newspapers are updated everyday and they will act as a good source of data for my topic of research since the information recorded in them will be very specific. I will also be examining court documents containing cases that relate to my topic of study mostly, I will examine the cases that have been presented in the past in order to prove that malpractices as a form of abuse of power has been there since time immemorial.  I will analyze scholarly journals on psychiatric malpractice as abuse of institutional power since they will have credible data on my area of study, and mostly because data found in scholarly articles has been generated from multiple sources thus the data is more detailed. I will also use recent articles posted online by reliable sources about abuse of power in institutions that results to malpractices in psychiatric institutions. Lastly, I will analyze text books that contain information concerning the area of study, text books are credible and their information is highly reliable since it is data that has been analyzed and approved.

Hypothesis; Psychiatric malpractices have been there since time immemorial, psychiatric institutions have abused their institutional power and under the disguise of offering mental health treatment, they have denied these patients their basic human rights, punished, cheated them and stripped them of their own free will which is one of the fundamental of human existence itself.   

An independent variable is one that cannot be manipulated or changed and a dependent variable is one that can be manipulated or changed. There are certain conditions that cannot change when it comes to addressing mental health and there are those that can be changed in order to avoid malpractices. The independent variable is the fact that these mentally ill patients have to be in these institutions and undergo various types of therapy and be given medication in order to ensure normalcy in society. These therapies and medication given to patients are the areas where the institutions abuse their power and they are the dependent variable since they can be manipulated and be made fit and patients friendly. If the therapies and medication given to these patients change there is a chance that institutional abuse that allows malpractice to take place in psychiatric institutions will have been dealt with.

Coding which is the process of identifying a passage or a text, or any other form of data such as images, searching and identifying concepts related to my area of study.  Codes will enable me to organize data collected so that I can be able to analyze them in a structured way. The first method of coding I will use is the concept driven coding, which can also be referred since mostly I will be looking into latent content, this method of coding involves looking through a source of data and look for concepts that relate to my area of study.

Data sheet.

 Extensiveness of Cyberloafing for Nurse Managers

                                                 Chapter VI

                                                  Results

The purpose of this chapter was to describe the results of the study which was designed to explore whether there is a relationship between cyberloafing and employees' productivity from a nursing personnel perspective.

The program was used for statistical analysis is statistical Package for the Social Sciences (IBM-SPSS) (version 24.0). Descriptive (frequency, mean, and standard deviation) statistics was used to describe the characteristics of participants, how extent nurse managers engaged in cyberloafing behavior, and employees' productivity. Pearson Correlation and multilinear regression was used to determine the relationship between cyberloafing and employees' productivity. It will examine whether specific demographic characteristics (such as gender, age, education, occupation, marital status, and years of experience) have any association between study variables.

For inferential statistics and an Independent t-test were used to determine the relationship between the categorical variables. ANOVA test is a nonparametric that does not require that dependent variable has a normal distribution. However, it does assume that the distribution of the dependent variable has approximately the same shape in each group, which implies that the variance is approximately equal across the groups. A p value of P≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant. A Two-way ANOVA test was computed to check for homogeneity of variance in the independent variable in order to reduce the risk o f a Type Ⅲ error.  A non-significant result (p >.05) meant that the variances of the two groups were assumed to be equal (Burns & Grove, 2005).

The study aim was to explore the relationship between cyberloafing and nurse managers' productivity in healthcare settings. In the following sections, the results of the descriptive and inferential statistical analyses of the study variables are presented as they relate to each research question.

The following questions were answered:

1. What is the demographic profile of the ‘nurse managers’ in terms of age, nationality, educational background, years of managerial experience, marital status, working unit, hospital where employed?
2. To what extent are ‘nurse managers’ engaged in cyberloafing behaviors?
3. What is the ‘nurse managers’ attitude and behavior towards work performance and their productivity?
4. What is the bivariate relationship between cyberloafing and productivity?
5. Is there a difference among nurse managers' cyberloafing behavior and their productivity in the Two study settings?
6. Is there an association between nurse managers' demographic characteristics and their cyberloafing behavior and productivity in the Two study settings?

Table 1. Response Rate

From all questionnaire sheets distributed (n = 97), 97 sheets had returned, with a response rate of 100%. All the filled sheets had been filled by nurse managers after a full explanation about each item to be easy for them to answer the whole questionnaire. So, 97 survey sheets had been used for analysis and result acquisition.

Psychoanalytic Therapy

Abstract

            Psychoanalytic therapy had been founded by sigmoid Freud. There are other contributors of the therapy like Strachey and Melanie. Freud views human nature as determined by life instincts. There are three personality structures; id, ego and superego. This therapy entails various ego defense mechanisms that enable to suppress anxiety. The early life of a child is a determinant of future life. Transference and counter transference enables use of available materials to help patient resolve conflicts. There are various trends associated with this theory and Jung perceived that individuals with developed personality are responsible to take care of others.

Introduction

            Psychoanalytic therapy is an in-depth relationship between the client and therapist, directed at bringing out the buried feelings and thoughts to consciousness to bring the repressed emotions to the surface for examination. This therapy had been invented by sigmoid Freud together with other collaborators. It explains aspects like how childhood affects the perception of things in future, the personality structures, ego defense mechanisms and the Jung’s perception on personality development, some trends in psychoanalytic therapy and the deterministic of human nature by Freud. The analytic therapy is a wide theory that covers many aspects of human personality.

Founders and Contributors of Psychoanalytic Therapy

            Sigmoid Freud is the founder of psychoanalytic theory. He had been expecting that after the patient has managed to get an opportunity to meet with help therapist, they would yearn to cooperate as per the advice offered (Goldstein & Goldberg, 2006). There are other contributors of psychoanalytic therapy like Melanie Klein who had been claiming that the early mental processes of the infant relates with the object relations. James Strachey is yet another contributor of the therapy who had been pointing out that people who are neurotic suffer from distortion of memory by fantasy, parental internal imago which had been critical punitive and harsh.

Freudian deterministic view of human nature

            The human behavior is caused by unconscious motivations, irrational forces and instinctual and biological motives. This is because the motives evolve in psychosexual stages of human life at the period of birth to six years. Freud had used the term ‘libido’ with reference to sexual energy and later expounded it to all life instincts’ energy (Corey, 2017). These instincts are directed towards development, growth and creativity. He also includes death instincts. This involves the aggressive motive. People sometimes show the willingness to hurt others or die which is always unconscious wish and this is usually a challenge to human. Freud views these two instincts as great determinants of personal activities.

Id, Ego and Superego

            Sigmoid Freud came up with three systems of psychoanalysis, that is; id, ego and superego. The structure called id is usually the original source of personality and is present at birth. It is selfish and amoral and is the dark part of personality. It is usually a constitution of unconscious psychic energy (Corey, 2017). This energy works to bring about satisfaction of basic needs, desires and urges. It usually works under pressure principle that demands immediate basic needs gratification. It relies on primary process. Ego develops three years after birth. It is the executive and mental component of personality. It serves as a mediator between the demands of reality, id and superego. It prevents individuals from acting on basic urges. It acts on preconscious and conscious part of the brain. It relies on secondary process. Superego is the social component t of personality. It deals with the moral values that children derive from the parents. It focuses on perfection. It serves as a suppressor of the urges of id and enables ego to behave in a moral way. It is made of ego ideal and conscience. Conscience is made of rules under which behaviors are seen to be bad while ego ideal is composed of good deals and behaviors.

Ego Defense Mechanisms

            People always protect themselves unconsciously from pain associated with emotions. They keep away the conflicts out of the conscious part of mind using defense mechanism technique (Hentschel, Smith, Ehlers & Draguns, 2012) Below are various types of defense mechanisms:

Displacement: This involves displacement of energy to on another person or object in cases where the real object is not achievable. It is a way of relieving anxiety where a person exposes their emotions to someone else who had not been part of the establishment of the same.

Sublimation: It is diversion of aggressive or sexual energy into other activities. An individual deals with anger by engaging in an enjoyable activity.

Projection: This is where an individual attributes the unacceptable impulses and desires to others. It is used for self-deception.

Introjections: This is knowledge and understanding of other peoples’ standards and values. An example of positive form is taking the values of parents and therapists. A negative example is where the prisoner accepts the enemy’s values by identifying the aggressor.

Identification: Involves a state where an individual identifies themselves with successful aspects hoping that they would be perceived as important people. This can offer protection from a feeling of failure and improve self-worth.

Compensation: Involves development of positive features with an aim of making up for given limitations. It can enable people to prevent being seen as failures but as ones who have succeeded.

Repression: This is mostly seen in medical set ups where a patient refuses to accept a real internal aspect. It is usually the basis of many defenses and neurotic disorders.  The defense here is that the threatening thoughts are kept away from consciousness.

Denial: The patient refuses to accept a real external aspect by assuming that it is not in existence. The real emotions are distorted.

Regression: It is attempting to go back to earlier life where demands had been few.  An individual relieves the anxiety by behaving in childish behaviors like insisting to be given more attention by relatives.

Rationalization: it involves explanation of a bruised ego through coming up with nice reasons. An individual distorts perception of a given event so that the results may seem positive rather than negative.

Reaction formation: this involves expression of positive impulse when confronted with negative ones. This enables individuals to avoid any anxieties. One might show love when inside is filled with hate or mask kindness while they have cruelty.

How Childhood Determines the Present Individual’s Current Problems

            During early life when the child is strongly attached to the mother, all the mental processes are associated with the object relations. The distress associated with people in present lives is usually associated with the early life, especially if there had been extreme difficulties (Goldstein& Goldberg, 2006). The ways in which individuals perceive and respond to reality are greatly determined by situations of past unresolved conflicts which originated from childhood. The relationship between the child and parents determines the goodness or badness of an individual in future. Through the prohibitions of the parents, the child gets into a position of resolving conflicts which they experience in life.

Rationale for the Analyst Maintaining an Anonymous Role in Classical Psychoanalysis

            It enables to create self-awareness, exploration and self-understanding. The analysts offer comments on the therapeutic relationship and come out with its interpretation. (Corey, 2017).

Role of Transference and Counter-Transference

            These two aspects are very relevant in clinical work as they enable the clinicians to organize the available material into manageable and useful forms which enables to offer information concerning the care and management of the patients (Goldstein & Goldberg, 2006). Sometimes counter transference provides ideas to traumas being clarified in the treatment. The aspect can provide means in which a patient is able to come up with a translation of actions of an awful story into narrative.

Techniques in Psychoanalytic Practices

There are various techniques used in psychoanalytic practices (Corey, 2017). They are discussed below:

Maintaining the Analytic Framework: This is the whole of range of stylistic and procedural factors like; the maintenance of objectivity and neutrality, consistency and regularity of meetings and beginning and ending of sessions on time. 

Free Association: it plays an essential role in maintenance of analytical framework. The patient is usually encouraged to bring whatever that comes in their mind regardless of whether it is irrational or painful.

Dream Analysis: According to Freud, this is interpretation of the procession of unconscious thoughts when the mind is asleep.

Analysis and Interpretation of Resistance: Refers to working of things in a different direction with therapy progress and hinders the patient from getting unconscious material.

Dream Interpretation: It is used in psychoanalysis bring revelation of the unconscious thoughts.
Analysis and Interpretation of Transference: Transference involves repetition of past activities in the present. It reflects the old patterns of activities relationship as they develop in current life. The clients express negative and positive emotions and feelings to the therapist. Later, the clients get into a positron of resolving the past. In the process, the clients demonstrate emotional regression. Transference occurs when the client is in the position to resurrect the past conflicts relating to sexuality, love, anxiety, hostility and resentment.

Contemporary Trends in Psychoanalytically Oriented Therapy

Self Psychology: This involves the relations between an individual who is in a victim of emotional attachments (Corey, 2017). The emotions might appear in the residues of the past or in the world of reality.

Relational Psychoanalysis: It emphasizes the imagined and real relationships in mental disorders and psychotherapy (Corey, 2017).

Strengths and Shortcomings of Psychoanalysis from a Multicultural Perspective

Strengths from a Diversity Perspective

         If the techniques of psychoanalytic therapy could fit the practice setting of the therapist through some modification, it can be created to be appropriate for a great population (Corey, 2017). The clients can be helped by the therapists to make reviews on their situations that had affected them in good or bad ways. There is the need for the therapists to identify the barriers within themselves and how to convey counter transference via their steps.

Shortcomings from a Diversity Perspective

         The approaches of psychoanalysis are usually expensive. It is just few patients who share the values and there is prohibition of costs to many. There is also ambiguity of inherence (Corey, 2017). The intrapersonal analysis may appear as conflict against the environmental perspective and social framework of the client. Another short-coming is that psychoanalysis is much concerned with reconstruction of long-term personality than short-term.

Jung’s Perspective on the Development of Personality

            According to Jung, personality development involves element exchange between psyche functions.  There is the likelihood of the exchanges establishing reconciliation between inner desires and demands of the environment. He also perceived that the individuals with developed personality had duties to themselves and others. There are various themes in the theory of personality established by Jung which include alchemy, religion and archetypes (Clare, 2014). These themes have been centered in self-development and individualism. Jung had introduced an intrapersonal organization account at every life stage, engaging both spiritual and moral development. He assumed that there are moral aspects and tasks to being an individual, having the sense to meet the personal duties and also those of family, profession and society. Constitutional elements are greatly emphasized in Jung’s theory and even though they are usually modified by experience, the personality development is guided by archetypes which have been inherited. These archetypes are usually within personality.

Contemporary Trends in Psychoanalytic Therapy

            The first one is trend is movement towards innovations which are much technical and are in the position of making treatment more friendly. This trend emphasizes on a painful awareness and relieving suffering and pain experienced in the process of knowing the deeper personality (Henn, Sartorius, Helmchen & Lauter, 2013). Movement towards a sharper goals’ definition is the second trend. In the modern life, there has been the believe that an individual should try to reconstruct the life they had been living earlier, resolve all the conflicts that affects one psychologically or have better understanding of all transference dimensions. The third trend is scope widening of the theories related to mental aspects that entail psychoanalytic psychotherapy content matter of actual focus on various motives.

Conclusion

            The psychoanalytic therapy has been in use by many therapists to revive the buried emotions in order to examine them. According to Freud, this therapy covers aspects including how childhood affects the perception of things in future, the personality structures, ego defense mechanisms and Jung’s perception on personality development, some trends in psychoanalytic therapy and the deterministic of human nature by Freud. All these aspects have great relationship with an individual as discussed above. The analytic therapy is a wide theory that covers many aspects of human personality.

Reference

Clare C. (2014) Jung’s Theory of Personality: A Modern Reappraisal. Research in Analytical      Psychology and Jungian Studies. Routledge.

Corey, G. (2017). Theory and practice of counseling and psychotherapy. Australia: Thomson.

Top of Form

Goldstein, W. N., & Goldberg, S. T. (2006). Using the transference in psychotherapy. Lanham,   Md: Jason Aronson.

Hentschel, U., Smith, G. J., Ehlers, W., & Draguns, J. G. (Eds.). (2012). The concept of defense   mechanisms             in contemporary psychology: Theoretical, research, and clinical     perspectives. Springer Science &             Business Media.

Henn, F., Sartorius, N., Helmchen, H., & Lauter, H. (2013). Contemporary Psychiatry. Berlin,     Heidelberg: Springer Berlin / Heidelberg.

Naturopathy Doctor Graduate Application

Recommendation letter from the osteopathic doctor

Dear Admissions Commission,

I am greatly pleased to recommend Aleks for admission at your institution for a naturopathic program. He is one of the most enthusiastic young people that I have ever come across. I have known him Aleks for many years ever since he was a child, when he visited my osteopathic clinic after he hurt his ankle while playing basketball. He struck me as an individual that is really keen on learning things because he kept asking questions about different apparatus that I was using while attending to him and their use. He later volunteered to help at the clinic for several months before he joined college, which is just to show his determination in life.

Not many young people think of doing volunteer services at that age, all they care about is spending time at home and engaging in other unethical activities. Aleks is a very distinctive individual; he is driven by his passion to succeed and also to help other people at all times. At the time that he volunteered at the clinic, he was very hard working, and I did not have to push or constantly remind him what his duties were. He was always on time and he was among the last people to leave the clinic in the evening because he insisted on leaving everything organized within the clinic.

Aleks has strong communication skills, and he is able to connect with every person that he comes across effectively. At the clinic, he had a special connection with patients and there was no one time that I got a complaint from the patients about his behaviour. Everyone praised him, including his co-workers because he was always ready to help out and more importantly to learn about everything. I remember when he left for university, all the patients that knew him kept asking for him which is just to show how he was able to connect with the patients on another special level.

Aleks generally has strong personal strengths; he is active and has an outgoing presence that makes him very likable by people that he meets. Aleks is that person that you can trust with any project because you know that he will commit his time and determination to it and ensure that it is completed effectively. His cheery and sincerity nature to criticism makes him an individual that is continuously learning and developing as a learner, which is an inspiring asset that will help him function well as a naturopathic doctor.

Aleks has my utmost reference for admittance at your naturopathic program. He has confirmed fineness in all that he focuses his mind on whether it is joining forces with other people, offering help to the ones that need it or just dedicating his time to learn new things. Aleks boundless inquisitiveness, joint with his inclination to take risks, indications me to trust that there will be no boundary to his development and accomplishment as a naturopathic doctor.

Sincerely,

Name,

Osteopathic doctor,

Almax Health.

Recommendation letter from the genetics professor

To the Admittances Commission,

I had the chance of teaching Aleks at the university in genetics class. From the first day that I encountered him, I was impressed with his desire to learn new concepts and always questioning concepts that he did not understand during class time. Not many students, especially in their first year have the courage to ask a professor questions because they do not want other students to perceive them as the know it all but this did not bother Aleks. I can confidently say that he is one of the most brilliant scholars that I have encountered in my entire teaching career. Aleks has a passion for health science, and he is always concerned about helping other people, which makes him an ideal candidate for naturopathic program.

I am not surprised that Aleks chose to steer his career in naturopathic medicine, he is an insightful, intelligent individual that has a high capacity for science. He is always motivated to apprehend how concepts in the human body work and how various health conditions come about. He always worked hard in his studies, always asking questions in class, never missing any classes which made him get exceptional grades. I remember he scored an A in his final tests in genetics course, which was exceptional since only very few students had ever scored that highly on that test. He has great socialization as well as leadership skills which saw him start up a study group. He was always an enthusiastic leader that was always ready to share his knowledge with the other students who looked up to him for guidance in most of the projects that they conducted in the study group. 

Aleks has great problem solving as well as critical thinking skills and this was exemplified in a genetic mite experiment that he conducted for his final test which was very successful. Aleks is in general a very outgoing individual that is always ready to learn and not scared to pursue his goals, a character that will make him a very effective naturopathic doctor.

Aleks is an individual that is greatly committed to learning and understanding matters of human health. He believes passionately in equal effective healthcare for all irrespective of their conditions or even social backgrounds. He is a talented, intelligent individual with allure, self-assurance and respect for other people which are some of the traits that make him a very effective candidate for a naturopathic doctor. Aleks has my highest recommendation.

Sincerely,

Name,

Genetics professor,

Institution

Recommendation from my all-time mentor

Dear admission Committee

Aleks is an individual that is hard working and committed to learning new concepts. In the years that I have mentored him, he has shown great passion for learning and exploring new ideas to help solve medical problems. He is always open to getting involved in any learning activity, no matter how complex because he believes that everything is possible as long as one puts their determination in it.

There no one task that Aleks considers too difficult, I remember there was this time that he was asked to do a genetics project, and he had to complete it within a week. This was a new concept for him, but he was ready for the challenge, he dedicated all his free time even at night to complete this project within five days and he never at any one point miss any of the other classes. Though he was stressed by the project, he did not let it affect any of the other activities that he was supposed to be involved. And this shows his hardworking nature as well as his ability to work under pressure and still produce effective results.

Aleks is an individual that have always had that extensive compassion for helping other people in need. Anytime that he comes across an individual that is suffering because of a health condition, he leaves everything else to just help this individual the best way he can. Seeing people suffering greatly affects him, and I am not surprised by his decision to pursue naturopathic medicine. This is a career path that greatly suits his character, most especially his passion in health science as well as helping people in need.

I highly recommend Aleks for this naturopathic program in your institution because I know that this is where his passion lies. I have over the years watched him grow and improve to become a better individual; I have no doubt that engaging in this career path is just a chance to continue growing for him. I know that he will work hard to become one of the best naturopathic doctors, there is and his experiences both in his career and his general life experiences have nurtured him effectively for this career.

Sincerely,

Name

Mentor.

My interest in becoming Naturopathic Doctor (ND)

The interest to become a Naturopathic Doctor was motivated by my experiences as well as the experiences of my family and friends. It is very fascinating to observe the changing functions of NDs in the modern medical system where the society is open to experiencing another system in provision of health care. Sickness was a constant occurrence for my brother when we were young, he suffered from Perthes disease and his anti-thrombin three deficiencies led him to have thrombosis disorder. He often had to for therapy for back realignment, he was always on blood thinners and it really saddened me to see him suffer so much. This experience was the turning point of my life and it is what instigated my desires to study science related concepts in college.  Studying genetics for me meant that I would understand the roots of some of the complicated health issues that are experienced by people like the case of my brother and hence find correct management methods. This in the overall means changing the lives of other people for the better by managing their health issues. It means giving people another chance and hope in life when they are going through tough times in regards to their well-being.

It is this mentality that motivated me to work extra hard in school to attain the required grades to get me to a good school that offered genetics programs for my undergraduate program which I excelled. My interest in helping improve the lives of others is what has instigated further interests in the field of medicine and that is why I am interested in Neuropathic program. As genetics professional, I have many doctor friends, it always saddens when they explain to me how they have had consultations with a patient more than three times because of certain chronic conditions that they can only manage by giving prescription. I always understand them when they complain that they feel like they are not doing enough because all that they can do for the patients is give prescriptions. There are other many occasions that I have met with people that prefer not to visit the hospital because they assume that all that the doctors will do is offer them some prescriptions without really exploring their medical history and even explaining their conditions. This is one of the many factors that have instigated my interests to explore alternative treatment methods that can be applied to help treat patients. 

I believe that healthcare should be all inclusive of medication and general management which includes looking for ways to manage some of the conditions and this includes considering medical history of an individual and the best lifestyle that can help manage the health conditions. Neuropathic medicine is all about exploring other alternative treatments to see how best they work for some of the chronic conditions that people suffer from in the society. I feel that the ND program better achieves my goal of patient care and improved health because NDs have different approaches to their practice which is tailored to the patient. Their first concern is the patient and they do all they can to understand what the patient is going through and how they came to get the conditions they suffer from. This method makes NDs better equipped at dealing with specific issues because they specialize in the methods they are most experienced with. They are not restricted to just one method, such as prescribing medication, but are able to utilize their other skills and qualifications like going into detail about the illness and even conducting research to understand the ways that the condition can be managed.  Don′t compare really. From my scientific background, I find that there is an over-reliance on established norms or prescriptions, which lacks a well-rounded treatment of patients.

As an ND, I find that they incorporate multiple avenues of research, history, medicine, and psychology to treat patients which makes the therapeutic method very effective because all aspects of human wellbeing are put into considerations during the whole treatment process. They consider all possibilities and listen to their patients. The bond between ND and patient is stronger and more interactive, rather than medical doctors (MD) viewing patients in terms of symptoms and using the “tried and true” methods. MD approaches have a narrow focus, which while helpful in being precise, lacks extensive research on all possibilities. Something which may be dismissed outright because it lacks the current norm of acceptance within the MD community could actually help the patient. I have always been interested in living a healthy lifestyle and I am always advising people to eat right because I believe that good health is intricately connected to healthy diets. This special interest in healthy living and my extensive background in genetic science compliments by desires to become an ND. Becoming a Neuropathic Doctor (ND) will greatly help me achieve my goals of patient care and improved health for everyone in the society.

Naturopathy role in health care

Naturopathy is a unique assembly of primary health care (PHC) medicine that merges Western curative customs with modern therapeutic philosophy. It is steered by an exceptional set of ideologies that identify the body's distinctive healing capability. It also highlights disease hindrance, and emboldens individual accountability to acquire ideal health. The naturopathic doctor (ND) endeavours to methodically recognize each patient's disorder, and looks at the warning signs as the body's way of communicating a causal disparity. Treatments deal with the patient's primary disorder, rather than individual that is showing the signs. Modalities exploited by NDs comprise nutrition, interactive alteration, hydrotherapy, homeopathy, vegetation based treatment, physical prescription, medications, and minor operation.

In trying to re-establish health, the ND tracks a precise, yet compliant, therapeutic direction that initiates with nominal mediations and ensues to developed level mediations as is essential. The direction initiates with re-instituting the situations of wellbeing, such as developing a more beneficial dietetic and way of life system. Afterward, the body's normal curative mechanisms may be enthused through systems such as hydrotherapy, which can upsurge the flow of blood and lymph. The third phase is to provision destabilized or impaired structures with homeopathy, botanical medications, or precise physical exercises, such as yoga. The fourth phase is to correct mechanical honesty, which is classically conducted with physical treatment procedures comprising massage and naturopathic influence. The fifth phase is to deal with pathology using precise natural ingredients, such as nutritional enhancements. The sixth phase is to deal with pathology using pharmacological or synthetic elements. Surgical improvement is set aside for the concluding healing step

 Naturopathy can be mapped out back to the European environment therapy that was practiced in the 19^th century, which was a scheme for managing illness with natural elements like water, clean air, nutrition, and use of herbs. In the early 20^th century, naturopathy began to establish in the United States. and Canada, merging environment based cure, homeopathy, spinal influence and other rehabilitations. In naturopathic theory, disease is observed as a procedure of disruption to health and ensuing reclamation in the perspective of natural structures. There are many elements that can affect ideal health, such as poor diet, chronic pressure, or exposure to pollutants. The objective of the ND is to reinstate wellbeing by recognizing and diminishing these instabilities. In order to do this, the ND first distinguishes the dynamics that define health. An element becomes a disruption when it is gets affected in some manner.

The ND occupation can basically be described as a structure of primary health care (PMC): an art, science, and a conduct of analysis, management, and deterrence of disease. Similar to other structures of treatment for instance Ayurvedic and a Chinese therapy, naturopathy is not branded by precise features of therapies for instance homoeopathy or acupuncture, but by the viewpoints and standards by which these features are exploited. The dominant ideologies that motivate and govern the conducts of naturopathy comprise: backing up the therapeutic influence of nature; defining and managing the fundamental source of healthiness inequities, as opposed to just concentrating on indicative cure; managing the wellbeing of the entire body system, rather than just distinct sickness procedures; deterrence of illness and distinguishing the physician as an instructor (Sarris & Wardle, 2010).

Furthermore essential to naturopathic viewpoint is the notion of a healing direction of intercessions, which does not consider psychological problems and places tension on limitation and less dynamic intrusions before engaging in more domineering curative approaches (Zeff et al., 2008). This healing direction involves: (1) establishing the circumstances of health by recognizing as well as eliminating facets and founding a well-being management, (2) encouraging self-curing strategies, (3) supporting damaged or impaired tissues, (4) dealing with the pathology by use of precise organic constituents, modalities or intercessions, (5) dealing with the pathology by utilization of specific artificial, or pharmacological intercessions, and (6) overwhelming or eradicating pathology through a medical operation. This code offers naturopaths a supple and comprehensive range of interventions, and permits them to operate and assimilate soundly with other therapeutic structures. Though not restricted to the usage of natural rehabilitations, North American naturopaths, for instance appreciate wide-ranging prescriptive specialist in numerous influences (Baer and Sporn, 2009). The main strategies that are employed by naturopathic prescription physicians incline within the “natural” treatment responsibility (Boon et al., 2004). This comprises nutritional and medical dietary interference, herbal treatment, homoeopathy, hydrotherapy, bodily treatment, way of life and interactive intercessions, traditional environmental therapy, and tools assimilated from other ethnicities for instance, acupuncture. The attention of naturopaths on the fundamental viewpoints and ideologies of their restraint has permitted the occupation to progress a comprehensive healing extensiveness, and this has led naturopaths to habitually distinguish themselves as equivalent to  general doctors of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) (Tolhurst et al., 2006).

Though the integration of naturopathic remedy into wide-ranging PHC may posture numerous defies, there may be some circumstances where naturopaths offer enhancements on some of predominant PHC amenities. The noteworthy difficulties with staffing and preservation of PHC workers in regions that are underserved such as countryside regions could make assimilating naturopaths or supplementary non-conservative workers into PHC a more pleasant choice predominantly where no other upkeep opportunities occur (Tolhurst et al., 2006). Substantial numbers of naturopaths are by now present in zones of health worker scarcity and signify a latent unexploited supply for PHC distribution. For instance, an review of CAM care givers in countryside of New South Wales, Australia, established that the amount of “PHC” CAM care givers including; naturopathy, Chinese remedy, chiropractic, homeopathy, as well as osteopathy was virtually as eminent as the quantity of conservative general physicians in the given regions (Wardle et al., 2011).Several instances are existent for the usage of naturopathic physicians in the regions that are underserved. For instance in Germany naturopaths are capable to conduct overtly funded PHC amenities in countryside regions if conformist PHC amenities are in-accessible (Bodeker and Burford, 2007). In the United States, qualified naturopaths working or enthusiastic to work in regions of necessity or in the societies that do not have enough doctors and they are entitled to government loan compassion packages for instance in Washington and Oregon or the state system for facility in the US Indian wellbeing provision (United States Department of Health and Human Services, 2012).

Conservative PHC workers regularly perceive themselves as unlike to other medical specialists (Adams, 2001). Outside the scientific management of people with various disorders, PHC workers may correspondingly perform as patient activists in the self-supervision and also the co-supervision of maintenance, standing in as the patient’s advocate and assisting to direct them over a progressively multifaceted and involved health structure (Stange, 2010). Such a function requires ability ranges that encompass outside the scientific dominion into the psychological standard. Naturopaths, just like most CIM psychoanalysts have a fundamental rounded and patient-configured viewpoint, might have by then established the abilities obligated to take on this facet of PHC. Furthermore, the scientific abilities essential to perform in a PHC volume are exceptional in treatment. The aims for visits to PHC physicians are exceptionally assorted, with only one half of explanations for appointments categorized in the first twenty diagnosis collections (Stange, 2010). This equates with the first six indicative collections founding 70 to about 90% of patient performances in fields such as cardiology or dermatology (Stange, 2010). This heterogeneity helps to show the prominence of a PHC expert creating a comprehensive, universal familiarity of treatment, fixed with coming up with a practical supply system when more profound knowledge is obligated. In most genuine thinking, I believe that only a generalist can be a real PHC doctor, as concentrating mechanically confines the possibility of practice from a fundamental co-supervision or counselling role to a finer series of exhibitions.

A generalist attitude to health care engaged in PHC comprises functioning on the portions while concentrating on the whole (Stange, 2010). At the same time as expert and intently attentive tactics are clinically valuable, the generalist tactic is most significant in intricate circumstances in PHC, such as periods of evolution and unpredictability, situations encompassing vagueness and inconsistency, circumstances where associations and individualization is important, structures with an elevated unit of interconnectedness or intricacy, sceneries in which both intensely and inaccurately associated dealings reveal with time, and circumstances where the entire body system is supplementary to the quantity of its various parts. This tactic has vibrant matches with the all-inclusive and patient grounded method linked with CIM conducts perceived in naturopathic remedy one that habitually entices PHC general practitioners to CIM (Adams, 2001).

Assimilating naturopaths into PHC provision might also be a suitable reaction to the varying requirements of health care operators, who are aggressively pursuing the amenities of CIM suppliers. Patients, even though often in an unauthorized or undocumented volume, and integration may permit healthier certification and liability of naturopathic PHC exercise. In Australia for instance, in spite of general health analysis for conservative amenities and little incorporation of naturopathy in the extensive health segment, 11% of women most especially those in the mid-age still prefer to refer to a naturopath whereby they pay direct cash (Adams, 2001). This usage often increases in multifaceted or enduring disorders, for instance in cancer this can escalate up to 16% (Adams, 2001).

Substantial utilization of naturopaths in severe disorders such as cancer is distinctively a powerful dispute for further integration of naturopaths into conformist health structures at least in regard to guaranteeing liability and minimum practice criterions. Even though most naturopathic patients seek out the amenities of CAM practitioners in an adjunctive aptitude with other health physicians, there is a noteworthy percentage that exploits them as their main care providers and they are the ones that they contact first. In Australia, for instance, it has been projected a third of Australian naturopathic patients utilize their naturopaths as their PHC care givers (Chow, 2000). Integrating naturopaths into health amenity provision may also contribution in increasing more receptive conformist therapeutic care, as researching and authenticating the causes behind naturopathic doctor use in PHC can recognize the gaps that naturopaths are satisfying, and advance receptive PHC amenities to address these requirements.

The community health move to concentrating on non-infectious ailments may expose prospects to employ naturopaths in PHC. Enduring ailments are now the prominent source of sickness weight and illness globally, yet the principal fundamental actual sources of death are all adjustable fitness conducts including; tobacco usage, inappropriate nourishment and lack of proper physical exercise (Nugent, 2008). The philosophies of naturopathy may support the determinations to deal with these tasks, and the prospective of the interconnecting models of naturopathic therapy and community wellbeing have been debated in the past (Adams, 2008; Wardle and Oberg, 2011). For instance, health campaign is a foundation of naturopathy, theoretically and in upkeep provision (Herman et al., 2006). Naturopaths assist distinct interactive alteration in people suffering both over the clinical provision of health advancement therapy and also by demonstrating fit conduct themselves (Frank et al., 2000). Researches of naturopathic use show that wellbeing upgrade therapy on nutrition, physical exercise and management of stress is merged into virtually every scientific encounter  which is about 80 to about 100% and is then secured over sequential patient appointments (Bradley and Oberg 2006;). These disparities with the inferior rates of health campaign movement that is witnessed in conformist upkeep, and it ranges between the percentages of 35 and 40 (Frank et al., 2000).

Furthermore, naturopaths are being progressively pursued by individuals with lingering or multifaceted health situations. An evaluation of the PHC conduct outlines of 170 naturopaths situated within Washington and Connecticut proposes that 75% of all appointments to naturopaths was because they had an enduring disorders (Boon et al., 2004). Naturopaths also basically classify their utmost assets in the sectors of lingering and multifaceted sickness: a qualitative examination steered in Australia similarly displays that naturopath’s assertion to offer additionally receptive PHC to individuals with prolonged illnesses than conventional suppliers, whereas conventional suppliers were alleged by these same naturopaths as superior at offering upkeep for desperate cases (Wardle et al., 2010).

The conducts of naturopathic therapy conveys with it extensive threats to make constitutional   directive of doctors both wanted and necessary (Frank et al., 2000). Though the remedies exploited by naturopathic physicians have some unswerving health threats, for instance, naturopathic therapies destructively interrelating with conventional therapy, conventional treatment is what posture the most threat to the consumer because all it is concerned about is offering prescriptions (Wardle & Oberge, 2011). These may comprise overlooked diagnoses or misdiagnoses, failure to direct patients to other medical therapies when clinically fitting, or the unsuitable control of PHC. Nevertheless, assessments of the naturopathic occupation have showed that these threats can be meaningfully reduced using policies that places appropriate obstacles to admission, for the individuals exercising it most prominently and this can be done through analysing least education values and use of personality assessments (Frank et al., 2000). The major risks to community wellbeing linked with an augmented function of naturopaths in PHC conveyance is the prospective clashes of concern to consequence in monetary manipulation of people, owing to the element that treatment and transaction of healing involvements are not classically detached in naturopathic exercise. A good illustration of these is the fact that 98% NDs in Australian have a store for spontaneous drugs in their consulting room, and 78% vend pre-packed products openly to their clients (Smith et al., 2005). This is frequently not merely a profitable resolution by doctors, but is correspondingly deliberated essential for the grounding of customized medications or when there are no third party sellers of naturopathic drugs. This was perhaps an answer resultant owing to the long-term segregation of the naturopathic occupation from conformist health structure. These menaces can also be amended not just over the growth of third party administration opportunities, but also over the increase of suitable supervisory guidelines (Smith et al., 2005).

Expected Future trend in Naturopathy

As I have come to realize, there is an increase in natural approach to healthcare in the modern day. The society is more concerned with health and this can be evidenced by the increased use of healthy foods in the grocery stores. Everyone today wants to have organic foods just so that they can live a healthy lifestyle. The sales of natural products have doubled in the last ten years, and this same concept is getting applied in the health care sector. People are now opting to use traditional therapeutic method, which puts naturopathic medicine on the front-line as the fastest growing natural health industry.

Naturopathic medicine has greatly increased and it capacity has actually tripled over the past ten years, and this is as a result of the increasing growth of patient interest in this type of care (Smith et al., 2005). As the patient population in this area grows, the profession continues to spark interest most especially of the people that are dissatisfied with the conventional medicine.  Career opportunities in this industry are on the rise and a naturopathic degree offers great flexibility in the types of jobs that one can choose from. This means that many people will be choosing to join the naturopathic sector as time goes by and hence augmented growth in this type of medicine. The vastly large pool of naturopathic physicians that are in practice today offers the recent and prospective graduates more opportunities to start off their careers by joining the existing practices.

Life experiences that have prepared me to become an ND

When I first joined the university, my main goal was to ensure that I achieved a high GPA and have great experiences that would always remind me of my undergraduate program. The four and half years that I spent at the university really helped me to gain the experiences that I needed.  The university was a different setting for me, given that I came from a small town with few people and the fact I previously went to school in the small local schools where I knew almost everyone. This was a new environment where I did not know any person or even any place within the school. I had to start by making new friends which was not easy because I am not very social and I enjoy keeping to myself.

The university is not a place that you can just keep to yourself though, at some point you will need people to do group discussions with and also share ideas on how to survive the four years with. I also had to deal with the issue of waking up early so that I could manage to attend the many classes that came with my genetics course; this was not something I was used to. Waking up early to go to class and sparing time for many group discussions was not always easy because I was not used to these routines. It however shaped the personality that I have today; it helped me learn the technique of time management that is applicable in all aspects of life and this is something that is very important for an ND. I learnt the concept of socialization through the group discussion which greatly improved my communication skills that I will apply as an ND when relating with the patients.

 The experiences that I had during my undergraduate program have shaped me to the individual that I am today, I now know what my limits are and how far I can push myself when I am fully motivated. At the university, I was involved in many activities which included for one research; which is an important element in neuropathic medicine. In order to effectively understand a medical condition, it is important to conduct a thorough research to understand the factors that lead to the condition and how they can be controlled. With the many researches that I conducted as an undergraduate student, I have enough knowledge to conduct any research that is needed in the neuropathic sector.

I have been involved in many volunteering activities in the health care which have greatly helped me to gain some experience in regard to how to deal with various issues that concern patients. I once volunteered in an osteopathic clinic commonly known as Almax Health where I began when I was still young before I even joined the university. I first visited the clinic after I injured my ankle after a basketball game. I was touched by the care offered to me by my osteopathic doctor  and it greatly motivated my desire for the medical profession. This prompted me to request to be allowed to volunteer in the clinic for several months before I joined the university which was allowed and I volunteered in the clinic several months. It is here that I got to learn about various apparatus in the hospital setting, and I also got the chance to meet people with injuries and learn about the best techniques to deal with them. From this volunteering session, I learnt the best strategies to communicate with clients in need in order to encourage them and make them feel as relaxed as is possible. This was also a setting that helped me learn techniques of management in a clinical setting and matters regarding appointment and confirmation booking, since my main role was ensuring that the clinic was running smoothly and that the needs of the patients were being catered for. I believe that these are skills that will come in handy in my ND career, given that I already have some experience in a similar setting.

In my genetics career I have had the chance of attending ND clinics where I have been able to observe how patient progress occurs and the manner in which doctor patient interactions look like in this sector. I have also had first-hand experience interacting with patients and generally observing the practices of the ND while they are dealing with patients under the supervision of DR. Ludmila. This has helped give me an overview of how this field operates and the best techniques to use to communicate with patients effectively. What I have learnt from these observations is that the most important element in Neuropathic medicine is the interaction between the patient and the ND because this is what allows for a relationship to develop between the two. Engaging the patients as the ND works effectively because it helps the patients to feel appreciated and they are free to share their views with the ND in regard to their medical conditions. This helps the ND to understand many concepts relating to their patient’s conditions and their overall psychological as well as physical wellbeing which helps them to make the right choices when it comes to management of that condition.

While working with Dr. Ludmila I also learnt the importance of respecting one’s work, understanding that as an ND it is important to observe all forms of moral ethics to ensure that the patients are comfortable with the treatment that is offered. I also acquired management skills, where I understood the need to demonstrate tolerance, compassion and empathy while dealing with patients in order to ensure that the therapeutic strategy was effective. I now understand that as an ND, it is important to always place the needs of the patients first before everything else. It is important to understand what the patient wants and to also understand their medical background which will help to understand the most effective strategy to employ to help manage their conditions.  As an ND, it is also equally important to have good problem solving skills which will ensure that one thinks effectively and avoids bringing stressive attitudes to the health care setting.

The experiences that I have had in my family, academic and career life will greatly facilitate my choice to become an ND. One of my greatest desires is to have a society where every individual receives affordable and effective health care which helps them lead a happy fulfilling life.  I have throughout my life learnt the need for effective patient care which begins with understanding the needs of the patients, the conditions they suffer from and their overall medical history. Becoming an ND will help me fulfil my dream of ensuring that patients receive the best healthcare which entails researching the reasons for the conditions and incorporating the best lifestyle techniques that can be used to manage these health conditions. The society’s medical needs have changed and it is important for the health sector to change and modify its operations in accordance to patient needs and one of the changes is by adopting neuropathic medicine. I want to be among the people that change the health sector by bringing better and more effective techniques through neuropathic medicine. It is my believe that joining your institution will give me the medical knowledge that I need to fulfil this objective and make the society a much healthier place for every individual.

References

Adams, J. (2008). Utilising and promoting the public health and health services research of

complementary and alternative medicine: The founding of NORPHCAM, Complementary Therapies in Medicine, 16, 24– 25.

Adams, J. (2001a). Enhancing holism? GPs’ explanations of their complementary practice,

            Complementary Health Practice Review, 6(3), 193−204.

Baer, H. and Sporn, S. (2009). Naturopathy Around the World: Variations and Political

Dilemmas of an Eclectic Heterdox Medical System, Nova Science Publishers, New York.

Bodeker, G. and Burford, G. (2007). Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicine:

            Policy and Public Health Perspectives, Imperial College Press, London.

Boon, H., Cherkin, D., Erro, J., Sherman, K., Milliman, B., Booker, J., Cramer, E., Smith, E.,

Deyo, R., and Eisenberg, D. (2004). Practice patterns of naturopathic physicians: Eesults from a random survey of licensed practitioners in two US States, BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 4, 14.

Bradley, R. and Oberg, E.B. (2006). Naturopathic medicine and type 2 diabetes: A

retrospective analysis from an academic clinic, Alternative Medicine Reviews, 11(1), 30−39.

Chow, R. (2000). Complementary medicine: Impact on medical practice, Current

            Therapeutics, 41, 76−79.

Frank, E., Breyan, J., and Elon, L. (2000). Physician disclosure of healthy personal behaviors

improves credibility and ability to motivate, Archives of Family Medicine, 9(3), 287−290.

Herman, P., Sherman, K., Erro, J., Cherkin, D., Milliman, B., and Adams, L. (2006). A

method for describing and evaluating naturopathic whole practice, Alternative Therapies in Health and Medicine, 12(4), 20−28.

Nugent, R. (2008). Chronic diseases in developing countries: Health and economic burdens,

            Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1136, 70−79.

Sarris, J. and Wardle, J. (eds.) (2010). Clinical Naturopathy: An Evidence Based Guide to

            Practice, Elsevier, Sydney.

Smith, C., Martin, K., Hotham, E., Semple, S., Bloustien, G., and Roa, D. (2005).

Naturopaths practice behaviour: Provision and access to information on Naturopaths: Their Role in Primary Health Care Delivery 91b1526  Primary Health care and Complementary and Integrative Medicine complementary and alternative medicines, BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 5, 15

Stange, K. (2010). Power to advocate for health, Annals of Family Medicine, 8(2), 100−107.

Tolhurst, H., Adams, J., and Stewart, S. (2006). An exploration of when urban background

medical students become interested in rural practice, International Journal of Remote and Rural Health, 6(1), 452

United States Department of Health and Human Services (2012). Loan repayment program

for repayment of health professions educational loans; announcement type: Initial, Federal Register, 7(14), 3269−3272

Wardle, J. and Oberg, E. (2011). The intersecting paradigms of naturopathic medicine and

public health: Opportunities for naturopathic medicine, Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine, 17(11), 1079−1084

Zeff, J., Snider, P., and Myers, S. (2008). “A heirarchy of healing: The therapeutic order”, in

Pizzorno, J. and Murray, M. (eds.), The Unifying Theory of Naturopathic Medicine. Textbook of Natural Medicine, Elsevier, Philadelphia, pp. 27–40.

History of occupational therapy

1

 The concepts displayed in the video are familiar and informative. Even if one never heard about the concept, they can immediately gain traction, give the video time to education, and transfer information. As per the sentiments made in the video, occupational therapy helped treat patients with psychological and emotional instability illnesses as early as 100BCE. This particular video exposes one into numerous perspectives on the issue, which assists in better grasping the concepts and aligning any relevant information derived from the issues watched from the video.

2

Information in the video tries to paint a full picture of all the details needed to make an informed decision hence the need to dig more and establish the requirements needed to be an OTA and its difference from OT. Defining the difference also helps the watcher develop a framework for an OTA, from my personal perspective; the video unveiled the functions of an OT and its purposes hence stating the facts the difference between the two. Nevertheless, my personal decision to be an OT lies squarely.

3

 The biggest take from the video was the need and the relevance of the OT. The profession is not a coincidence nor is it unnecessary. Human beings are dynamic beings with the capability to assist themselves from any hole they fall from. However, sometimes people need a hand especially for where handicapped or other disabilities are common. The government enacted laws and regulations to put in place for the occupational therapy and for the continuation and persistency of the professional generally. Since the 1940s, aspirants who wished to join the occupation had to have a bachelor ‘degree for approval. Therefore, the video informed from both an empirical and theoretical point of view.

Reference

History of OT video https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Zwt-QUvXzHo

Role of Inflammation in Acne Pathology

Acne vulgaris is a condition of the skin that results when the hair follicles are clogged with oil and dead cells of the skin. It usually appears in areas of the skin that has a large number of the oil glands such as the face, neck, back, upper part of the chest and shoulders. It is also called acne, and it is most common in teenagers, and it has a prevalence of 70-80%. Depending on the severity of the condition, it might result in emotional distress and scaring of the skin. Pathology is the study of causes and the effects of disease while inflammation is the response that is triggered by damage of the body tissues. The purpose of this paper is to review the current understanding of the acne pathology while focusing on the role that inflammation has.

Inflammation has been considered to be involved significantly in the development of acne. Evidence from the clinical platform, histological and immunological areas have supported the involvement of inflammation (Tanghetti, 2013). Most of the studies that have been done provide evidence for inflammatory involvement. For example, in a study that involved histological examination of early acne lesion, the biopsied lesions showed morphological characteristics of small papules with little erythematous flare. More than half of them were considered as microcomedones.

In the study, lymphoid perivascular infiltrate was found to be among the earliest histological changes that occurred. In the later stages, there was an accumulation of the polymorphonuclear leukocytes which results in distension and formation of pustules. The distension is followed by distention which then causes rupture of the lesion (Tanghetti, 2013). This shows that inflammatory foci develop early and thus giving evidence of early inflammation involvement.

              Besides, there is evidence that indicates the involvement of inflammation in all the developmental stages of the acne vulgaris lesions. In the early stages, there is the presence of the microcomedones and comedones while in the late stages, there are inflammatory pustules, papules, and nodules (Tanghetti, 2013). The inflammation in both stages has been implicated to the presence of proinflammatory mediators. There is evidence of inflammation during the early stages of acne development, and they include, the up-regulation of the proinflammatory mediators, proinflammatory role of the sebaceous lipids, the early involvement of the TLRs and PPARs, and the likelihood of neurogenic component facilitated by the up-regulation of the neuropeptide.

            Furthermore, emerging data have therefore considered acne vulgaris as a primary inflammatory condition (Tanghetti, 2013). This has been supported by the available immunological, histological and clinical evidence because they suggest the involvement of inflammation in all the stages. The immunochemical pathways which show the establishment and the development of the inflammatory process are complex, and it has not been fully clarified. However, there may be an involvement of the P. acnes.

             However, the inflammatory response was found to occur even when P. acnes was not present, but in both early and late acne development stages, the must be an existence of other pathways of inflammation for the activations and progress of the condition (Dreno et al., 2015). It is therefore clear that inflammation plays a vital role in the development of all acne vulgaris lesions. Sufficient evidence is available to prove that, and consequently, it will be wrong to consider the early stages of acne vulgaris as non-inflammatory.

References

Dreno, B., Gollnick, H. P. M., Kang, S., Thiboutot, D., Bettoli, V., Torres, V., ... & Global Alliance to Improve Outcomes in Acne. (2015). Understanding innate immunity and inflammation in acne: implications for management. Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology, 29, 3-11.

Tanghetti, E. A. (2013). The role of inflammation in the pathology of acne. The Journal of clinical and aesthetic dermatology, 6(9), 27.

Health Promotion and Preventions in Michigan

 Introduction

            There had been poor heath and disparities in Michigan. This has been mostly associated with the infants and the mothers given birth. It had been rare for many children to experience their first birthday as they usually die of preventable causes. This has been readily affecting the individuals, families as well as the communities as great losses are followed by the deaths and treatment attempts. This has therefore facilitated Michigan to put initiatives to improve the state of health. Health promotion and prevention strategies can help improve the health state in Michigan.

            There had been several plans tat Michigan had set in order to improve the state o0f health. To begin with, there had been infant health and development program. This improvement plan had been focused mainly in reduction of infant death rates which had been at a high peak. It had been also an initiative of the improvement plan to ensure that the health of the mothers as well as the babies had been achieved (Young & Richardson, 2007). The plan has been able to recognize the disparities that usually facilitate to poor maternal health. It has also been in the position to bring in to sense the disparities that facilitate to poor health outcomes of the infant and enables to priorities promotion of health equity. The plan is usually active to come up with interventions and unite community as well as clinical partners to fight for lives of many beings. The vision of this plan had been focused to ensure there are no deaths among the infants as well as mothers who had delivered, mainly having been caused by preventable causes which had been a trending issue in Michigan. The other vision for the plan had been ensuring that there are no disparity issues in Michigan.

            There would be various possible impacts of the initiative. To begin with, the plan would lead to positive significant impacts on the individuals. There would be assurance of life among the women of productive age as they are the most victims of delivery (Young & Richardson, 2007). This might be facilitated by the fact that the health of the mothers as well as the infants would be good at all times. The improvement plan would play a great role in saving the resources of the family members through unifying them. There would also be health assurance among the family members hence no fears of losing their loved ones after delivery as well as the infants. The community would be unified by the plan. The unity would then enable the community to fight against the preventable causes of deaths among the infants and women during and after delivery. This means that there would be collaboration in building a better system of healthcare.

Healthy people 2020

            The mission of healthy 2020 had been including identification of research and needs of data collection, global priorities in heath improvement and providence of goals and objectives applicable at all levels. There are several goals of the same which include; achievement of equity in health and disparity elimination, achievement of good health and eradicate preventable illnesses (Institute of Medicine, 2011). There had also been a goal of promotion of good health through creation of physical and social environments.

Conclusion

            The poor health state in Michigan had been contributing towards high mortality rate among the infants and the mothers after deliveries. As research has just shown, the causes are preventable and this has been a contributing factor towards the establishment of some plans that had been focused to improve the health state. The success of the initiative would enable the individuals to live long as the mortality cause is controlled as well as reducing the losses of the family members experienced as a result of the mortality cases. The community would as well be unified by the plan thus enabling to fight the causes of the deaths. The preview of Healthy people 2020 has several goals and mission towards facilitating good health as seen in the discussion. Health promotion and prevention strategies can help to improve the health state in Michigan.

Reference

Institute of Medicine. (2011). Leading health indicators for healthy people 2020: Letter report.

Washington, D.C: National Academies Press.

Young, M. E., & Richardson, L. M. (2007). Early child development from measurement to           action: A priority for growth and equity. Washington, D.C: World Bank.

Compare and Contrast Individual Therapy and Group Therapy

Individual Therapy

Individual therapy is a process in which a patient personally meets with a therapist to treatment a particular problem through set goals. A client’s meeting with a therapist gives him or her a feeling of privacy, which makes it easier for the client to disclosure the issues they are facing.  Some patients find it hard to share private information with strangers, which requires individual therapy to gain confidence and discover their abilities to get over challenges.

According to Teyber (2000), the main factor that connects a therapist to a client is the basis of therapeutic change. It determines the success or failure of therapy. The interaction between the therapist and client are crucial at this early stage. First, it is essential for the therapist to have the level of experience necessary to treat clients with complex issues. Developing an atmosphere of trust and safety are paramount. In interpersonal psychotherapy, you can employ techniques that may be idiosyncratic to this process. Interpersonal therapy allows for a therapist to explore with the client the past issues that may have led to their seeking therapy (Teyber, 2000). The skillful therapist could help the client understand how not addressing these past issues are negatively impacting their current functioning. In successful therapy, clients experience a new kind of relationship. In the initial session, the therapist may establish that the therapy may be ineffective if the therapist tells the client what to do.  

The psychotherapist establishes a collaborative relationship with the client from the beginning.  This allows the client to understand that they are working together to resolve the clients' issues.  This collaboration continues throughout the therapy process until termination.  The collaboration is ineffective if an atmosphere of trust and safety have not been established (Van & Wild, 2016). There will nothing to collaborate if the client does not open up to the therapist.

 The interpersonal therapist can horn in on repetitive relational themes and interpersonal patterns. The therapist listens intently for the themes that exist in the client's narrative. This provides an opening for the therapist to address how they can work together to change the client's narrative. The psychotherapist has to deal with ambivalence and conflict of the client.  The therapist will have a better understanding and respond to the both sides of the conflict (Shechtman et al, 2010).  The client may be experiencing opposing feelings and the therapist will be able to identify these conflicting feelings. There is a certain push and pull nature of the conflict. The field has developed concepts of clients being hurt and misunderstood

Unfortunately, therapist do not pay much attention to clients concerns about both being hurt by the therapist and others and hurting others. Clients can after treatment find their own voice advocate for themselves.  Confrontation is an issue the therapist attempts to stay away from.  They fear that the client will feel intimidated. This stems from the fear of hurting the client and has significance with the therapist (Van & Wild, 2016). The therapist may have grown in a household where they had authoritarian parents. This poses a problem for the therapist that may find themselves in a personal bind as a result of their own childhood issues.  The therapist also may hear recurrent affective themes. This is a meaningful and beneficial goal that the therapist may provide for the client. The therapist can provide in this case specific examples and explore ways of helping the client see how this issue impacts them. 

The psychotherapist has to deal with ambivalence and conflict of the client. Teyber (2000), speaks about recognizing how client conflicts are played out in the therapist-client interaction.  According to Teyber the relationship between a therapist and a client brings solutions to problem and improves a patients relational patterns.

This process allows for therapist and client to find new ways of interacting that do not replicate old patterns of behavior. These behavior patterns may have transpired in their personal or family relationships. The individual can benefit from the interpersonal psychotherapy to explore how these patterns prevent from having healthy interpersonal relationships (Van & Wild, 2016). This is unique to interpersonal psychotherapy due to the therapist having the time to reenact past patterns and provide insight for change. 

Teyber (2000) states when studying a patient’s lack of change, it is important for a therapist to expect resistance and defense from a client throughout the process. This helps the therapist to study the reasons for resistance and should be done to prevent resistance. The therapist has to be attuned to the client and their reactions to better understand what they may be experiencing at that time (Shechtman et al, 2010). The therapist has to understand when the client is being resistant and how to address the resistance without harming the relationship. The therapist will be skilled enough to understand the problem that exists between the therapist and client is a problem the client experienced with others.

Teyber goes on to say that this resistance is associated with shame that begins to surface after the client get in touch with their deeper feelings. Shame can generate resistance perhaps more than any other effect. Many of the clients that come to treatment will usually encounter some level of shame and the therapist is charged with helping them work through this (Teyber, 2000). Shame also has many faces and the therapist will become familiar with how shame is a concern of clients entering therapy. It is clear that shame and guilt both play an important role in client issues once they begin to explore after entering treatment.  

Group Therapy

 Group therapy involves many individuals. This forum is advantageous in that it offers social support, but not a personal interaction with a therapist. Group therapy exposes clients to meeting other individuals with the same issues they are struggling with. The relationships that develop in a group therapy reassures a person that they are not alone in their issues.  

Irvin D. Yalom (2005), provides a context to understand group psychotherapy and the process. In the group psychotherapy process, it is first understood that more people can receive therapy at one time. The group reflects the first group the client belonged to which is the family. The group psychotherapist could look at how a person was socialized in their family and help them better understand and resolve these issues. Many agencies may be inclined to run groups to maximize revenue for the agency.

Yalom (2005) describes various principal factors. They include university, altruism, instillation of hope, socializing techniques amongst others. Universality is when a client meets people with the same problems as his. The altruism is an innate quality that all individuals may possess at some level (Shechtman et al, 2010).  We feel that we want to help others which in turn help us.

Also, cohesiveness is an important component in that it allows members to feel close to other group members. Although he readily acknowledges that these are arbitrary.  They may be discussed separately however, they are interwoven.  Group therapy we know can mimic the family.  The psychotherapist must understand the roles the participants play. Socialization skills can be developed in the group process. The members interacting and exchanging of information takes place while they connect with each other. Socialization enhances cohesiveness (Galanes & Adams, 2013).  It is also quite possible for the group members to dislike one another.  The concept of resolving conflict helps the group member to resolve other issues outside of the group therapy.

Members are able to take risks as the process continues and the group process deepens as does their sharing.  The group process assisted the peers in not feeling unique after hearing others share their experience on the topic. The psychotherapist (facilitator) is able to address several people at one time who have similar experiences (Van & Wild, 2016). Depending on the type of group the topics may range from panic disorder, depression, obesity, bulimia, divorce, medication management organ transplant, cancer survivors and host of other relevant issues.   

The group can address issues from HIV/AIDS, substance abuse, bipolar, depression and a host of other issues that all the members in the group may have yet experienced differently.  The group allows peers to provide feedback to each other in an effort to normalize their experiences. According to Yalom (2005), a lot of patients go into therapy with the perspective that their problems are unique and unacceptable. These thought are true to some extent since some clients have severe life challenges. This heightened sense of uniqueness stems from not interacting, sharing or hearing others feelings and experiences. This is challenged in the group process as people begin to share. This allows members to take a risk and not feel ashamed that they now understand that others experienced not only the acts but the shame and guilt associated with the act.

Furthermore, Yalom (2005), regarding the therapeutic factor, states that universality greatly helps patient who have suffered sexual abuse. The most essential part of therapy group is the sharing of private information, often for the very first instance in each patient’s life. They share the intimate details of the abuse and the devastation they experienced. The psychotherapeutic group process helps to challenge and confront behaviors such as prostitution, sexual perversion, and other negative criminal activity. This is also another part of the group cohesive process as the members are learning and growing together. Group cohesiveness is an important therapeutic aspect due to acceptance, peer support, and through interpersonal learning (Yalom, 2005). It is evident throughout the group process from the creation of a group to maintenance of group that members will not feel like they can openly share and be themselves until cohesiveness takes place.

There are several differences among individual and group therapy. First, individual therapy is safe as it has individualized treatment while group therapy entails many people simultaneously receiving therapy. In individual therapy, a therapist deals with one client at a time. This means that the therapist creates greater interpersonal safety for the client. Teyber, (2000), states clients may be empowered to safely feel the pain their experiences have hurt them in other relationships. Feel better about themselves or forgive themselves for behavior they have felt unrealistically shameful or guilty about, remember more specifically when and with whom this particular relational conflict originally was learned.  These are unique issues that the client could best benefit from in interpersonal psychotherapy (Galanes & Adams, 2013). On the other hand, Group therapy has many individuals in one session. This makes group therapy more attractive to the agency that can use one therapist and bill for multiple clients. You can conduct a group with as many as 6-10 clients at one time. This is important to be aware of in a climate of managed care.

Second, individual therapy takes more time, while group therapy consumes less time and is cost effective. Individual therapy is a time-consuming process that may take several sessions over time that may not be available in other therapy formats. In the interpersonal process, the relationship aspect is essential between therapist and client. This part of the interpersonal psychotherapy process creates a forum for the client to openly discuss concerns about being hurt by the therapist and hurting others (Van & Wild, 2016). On the other hand, Group therapy is cost friendly since the therapist takes less time to attend to all the clients at once. Less time means that a client will spend less money on paying for psychotherapy.

Third, individual therapy has no concern with the group dynamic, while group psychotherapy improves socialization skills. Individual therapy does not require socialization as a client does not have other people to interact with apart from the therapist. On the other hand, group discussion helps people to socialize. The development of social skills is very important since isolation has not allowed individuals to improve social interactions since they were limited. Yalom (2005) states, communication was maintained throughout the therapy, the storm was calmed, and the patients gained liberation from inner struggles and also improved their ability to explore interpersonal relationship. Additionally, in Individual therapy, the clients receive the full attention of the therapist, while Group therapy has universality. Interpersonal therapy requires a therapist to attend to one client only. This means that the therapist focuses fully on the issues of the client. The therapist can assume many roles one in which they act as the support person and allow the client to arrive at their own understanding of the problem and best methods for solving it. The psychotherapist in this process helps teach the client problem-solving skills that will sustain them long after the therapy ends (Shechtman et al, 2010). In contrast, group therapy promotes universality. Universality allows the client to believe that they alone experienced these issues and had this wretched life. Due to prolonged periods of isolation, they experience ongoing life stressors and their heightened sense of uniqueness is disconfirmed in the therapy group.

Conversely, there exist some similarities between individual and group therapy. First, both approaches have positive outcomes for clients. There is a good chance for positive outcomes in the therapy process when people are identified to determine which process will be best for them (Galanes & Adams, 2013). In most cases, people can benefit from both the interpersonal psychotherapy and the group psychotherapy process combined.

Second both therapy approaches instill hope on clients. The therapists' goal is to ensure that a client sees the positive in a negative situation. Installation of hope is a powerful process and Yalom (2005), states that hope installation begins during the group orientation, where the therapist depicts positive anticipations, correct negative thoughts, and explain to the clients about the healing properties of the group.

Third, both Individual and Group therapists experience resistance from clients. Some clients willingly join therapy, but in the process, they change. This changes may result from shame and unwillingness to share their problems (Shechtman et al, 2010). Therefore it is important for a therapist t to have enough competency on how to handle a client to help them share more for them to fully recover by the end of the therapy session.

Finally, at the end of the therapy session, termination separates the client and the therapist. In order to have a successful ending, the therapist and the client have established a mutual final date. It is also practical for the interpersonal psychotherapist will explore the clients' reactions to ending. The therapist may also be impacted by the ending.  In natural endings, the therapist must give the client permission to leave (Van & Wild, 2016). They can laugh together about misunderstandings, talk about possible breakthroughs and awkward moments. In some cases, the therapist will have to inform clients that they may have contact with them after the treatment. The client may need to be reassured that if something comes up that they could come and speak to the therapist. The therapist could also note the successes of the therapy and how the client can take these successes into future relationships. This process isn't always smooth and sometimes both the therapist and clients have difficulty in ending their sessions (Shechtman et al, 2010).  This becomes even more difficult depending on the degree of progress and the length of time of the therapy.  Some of the issues that arise in closing are that they did not prepare in advance for the closing or the clients did not understand when or why this particular ending was taking place.  It is clearly expressed that ending is perhaps the most difficult part of the therapeutic process and must both client and psychotherapist must prepare for it. 

In conclusion, it is safe to say that both interpersonal psychotherapy and interpersonal group therapy both have similarities; both experience client resistance, the processes instill hope to clients, and they all have positive benefits to clients. The contrast is that many people are serviced in one group for the same amount of time as one person in individual therapy, groups are cost-effective since you are able to provide therapy to many clients simultaneously.  In individual counseling, you can be in counseling for years to resolve an issue.  This may not be possible in the group therapy process. Therefore, both individual and group therapy are highly successful and are great in meeting the needs of people suffering from mental issues. Both Yalom and Teyber made great arguments for each process and each has merit and value.

References

Galanes, G.J., & Adams, K. (2013). Effective group discussion: Theory and practice. New York:

            McGraw-Hill.

Shechtman, Z., Vogel, D., & Maman, N. (2010, January). Seeking Psychological Help: A

            Comparison of Individual and Group Treatment. Psychotherapy Research, 20(1), 30-36.

Teyber, E. (2000). Interpersonal process in psychotherapy: A relational approach. Wadsworth

            Publishing Company.

Van Rijin, B., & Wild, C. (2016, January). Comparison of Transactional Analysis Group and

 Individual Psychotherapy in the Treatment of Depression and Anxiety. Transactional

Analysis Journal, 45(1), 63-74.

Yalom, I. D. (1995). The theory and practice of group psychotherapy.

Domestic Violence

  Part A

  In Uganda, rape or non-consensual sex is considered as sexual violence. Sules is in a physically violent relationship and moreover, she is infected with HIV. The first supporting fact to show that the act is a crime in Uganda is that Sules was involved in non-consensual sex.  Note that in Uganda, there is a high HIV epidemic among young women aged 15-24 years due to non-consensual sex (Birdthistle et al, 2013).  Sex without consent is considered as sexual violence since the intimate partner forces the other partner to engage in sexual intercourse.  In this case, Sules is physically forced to have sex.  In addition to non- consensual sex, another supporting fact to show that the activity described in the case is a crime is HIV infection. Note that willfully and intentionally transmission of HIV is considered as an offense that deserves serious legal actions.  In this case, Sules' new husband is aware of his HIV status but he goes ahead to engage in non-consensual sex without protective measures (Birdthistle et al, 2013).  Thus, non-consensual sex and intentional transmission of HIV are facts to support that the new husband commits an offense. In addressing the case, the court should take criminal charges since the evidence is beyond a reasonable doubt that the act is sexual violence.  The victim testifies that she was not only beaten but also raped persistently and infected with HIV.  In addition to addressing the case in the court, there should be HIV prevention programmes aimed at protecting victims of HIV from repeated sexual coercion, promote HIV testing, HIV disclosure, healthy living, and adherence to treatment (Birdthistle et al, 2013).  These strategies will reduce sexual assaults and reduce HIV infections.

 Zablotska et al (2007) assert that young women are victims of HIV infection and sexual coercion.  Research has found that men are influenced by alcohol use to commit violent behavior. Alcohol use is associated with intimate partner violence and HIV infection in many cultures.  In Uganda, there is a correlation between alcohol use and intimate partner violence (Zablotska et al, 2007). This is because men have power control than women and thus they can make a sexual decision including unprotected sex.  The first supporting fact to show that experts in Uganda encounter problems in trying to ascertain non-consensual are that they only rely on self-reported behaviors.  .The latter means that women report the matter for themselves. This means that they may exaggerate and the information given may contain various biases.  For example, women report that their intimate partners use alcohol before committing sexual violence. Police cannot detect whether the woman also consumed alcohol and whether the alcohol caused memory impairment (Zablotska et al, 2007). The experts find it difficult to measure the reliability and validity of the results. Women may fail to give an accurate report and as a result, alcohol use, rape, and HIV infections may be underestimated.  Another fact is that the findings show that alcohol use increases HIV transmission.  In other words, alcohol use is a risk factor since intimate partners who consume alcohol engage in unprotected sexual behaviors (Zablotska et al, 2007). However, an expert may find it hard to measure whether sex was not consensual since both partners may be under the influence of alcohol.

Part B

 In addressing Susan's case, I would conduct a psychological evaluation to understand the teens behavioral and mental health problems. Three questions that I would like the teenager to answer include; tell me about the relationship between you and your family?  When and why did you start engaging in school fights?  Do you have a sexual partner?  All these questions will help the teen build self-awareness and have the perception that I value her life.  For instance, the first question will help understand if there is a relationship conflict in the family.  Note that family can affect the teen's emotional health and motivate them to engage in substance use behavior (Sukhodolsky et al, 2016).  Since substance use is a multidimensional disorder, it is important to consider another dimension or factor which is the social relationship with other teens. Note that she has engaged in physical fighting with other teens at the school and it is important to know the root cause of aggressive behavior.  The reason as to why  I would like to know more about teen's fighting at school is because violence among teenagers is an issue of concern since it may cause negative consequences in teen's development and academic performance (Sukhodolsky et al, 2016).  Third, I would like to know whether the teen has a sexual partner.  The burns found in her arms and thighs and the cuts from a razor blade may be as a result of violence from her intimidate a partner.  She might be a victim of intimate partner violence and it is important to examine her sexual relationship life.

 The concerns that I might have concerning Susan's case are that if she has depression and anxiety, and if she abuses drug which may have causes sexually transmitted infections such as HIV.  Since she is a victim of physical fighting, and poor social relationship with family members and teens, it is important to find if these behaviors are influenced by depression and drug abuse.  Given that she runs away from home, there is a likelihood that she engages in drug abuse behaviors with peers and she is also a victim of sexual risk behaviors. There are some signs to show that Susan is using cigarettes and this could be related to other issues such as sexual behaviors.  Thus, the risk to HIV infection and depression are two major things that I would pay attention to.  These issues require an intervention approach to examine her condition, identify the problem, and propose the best solutions to help her modify behaviors.

  To encourage Susan develop positive and acceptable behaviors, one appropriate intervention would be cognitive-behavioral therapy.  The purpose of the CBT approach is to regulate emotion and provide the teen with problem-solving skills. The goal is to ensure that the teen develops positive feeling and behaviors (Sukhodolsky et al, 2016). To control aggression, the teen will learn social skills so that she may know how to interact with family members and peers at school. The aggressive behaviors may motivate teens to engage in drug use and risky sexual behaviors but through CBT, the teen will gain anger control training and problem-solving skills training and as a result, she will make positive decisions and develop acceptable behaviors (Sukhodolsky et al, 2016).  In general, CBT is associated with benefit in reference to this case in that it will help Susan think clearly and rationally, she will control her thoughts, and she will recover from depression and anxiety through attaining calmness and peace. If she is using unknown substances, she will gain coping skills, improve self-esteem, and the state of mind.

References

Birdthistle, I., Mayanja, B. N., Maher, D., Floyd, S., Seeley, J., & Weiss, H. A. (2013). Non-

consensual sex and association with incident HIV infection among women: a cohort

study in rural Uganda, 1990–2008. AIDS and Behavior, 17(7), 2430-2438.

Sukhodolsky, D. G., Smith, S. D., McCauley, S. A., Ibrahim, K., & Piasecka, J. B. (2016).

Behavioral interventions for anger, irritability, and aggression in children and

adolescents. Journal of child and adolescent psychopharmacology, 26(1), 58-64.

Zablotska, I. B., Gray, R. H., Koenig, M. A., Serwadda, D., Nalugoda, F., Kigozi, G., ... &

Wawer, M. (2009). Alcohol use, intimate partner violence, sexual coercion and HIV

among women aged 15–24 in Rakai, Uganda. AIDS and Behavior, 13(2), 225-

233.

 OhioHealth and its practices

Introduction

For OhioHealth to win a place in the list of best work places it had to work its way into that list. Its effective practices have led to its recognition, the organization is responsible and ensures they complete the tasks they have at hand. They are goal oriented and this is reflected in their mission and vision. It is committed to delivering improved healthcare to all its patients. It is an institution that respects the dedication of all its employees by rewarding the employees that are responsible for making them emerge the best when it comes to delivering quality healthcare, the leadership of the organization ensures employees are involved in the decision making of the organization. They have been known to venture into treating many diseases such as cancer, vascular and heart diseases, brain and spine related diseases and stroke. They have broad knowledge of the diseases they treat and strong confidence in the services they offer. OhioHealth strives to achieve leadership and transparent in all its practices and over the years it has been able to attain this.  Employees engage more when they feel that their work does not put their health and reputation and OhioHealth ensure that the reputation and health of their employees is well looked after. OhioHealth has great practices that other organizations can adopt so as to achieve heights such as those that have been attained by OhioHealth. OhioHealth is an organization that has dedicated its resources into delivering quality healthcare and they have managed to do so every single step of the way

OhioHealth is driven by responsibility and task completion, when delivering their healthcare, they ensure that they do it completely. This is portrayed by the fact that when treating diseases such as cancer and heart related disease they offer rehabilitation programs to ensure that their patients are healed completely body, mind and soul (OhioHealth, n.d). Responsibility is defined as the state of being accountable for something. OhioHealth are responsible and accountable for saving many lives and are also responsible for improving healthcare in America.  It has been recognized to be among the top five large health systems in America (OhioHealth, n.d). 

Their goals can be reflected in their mission and vision. When Dr. Gary Ansel, one of their interventional cardiologists took a team to Miami to see how Baptist Health South Florida had integrated its interventional heart and vascular services, she came back believing that they could increase the value of their intervention services and through the same process of integration that Baptist Health South Florida had used. The leadership of Riverside set the goals to integrate electrophysiology, cardiology, and vascular interventional radiology into the second floor of the hospital’s Red Tower. These goals were set to be accomplished in a span of three years. Within this span of time they were able to accomplish this and, through it they were able to create a state-of-the-art technology, and were able to increase the value of their health care by lowering the cost for interventional services (Academy for excellence in Health care, 2017). The heights that Riverside Methodist Hospital was able to achieve through this brings out the system of hospitals as a goal-oriented, and a persistent system.

When it comes to a working environment, OhioHealth has provided the best for those who work for and on behalf of OhioHealth. They have features that are designed to develop their employees and associates. OhioHealth Provides various health insurances to ensure that the lives of their associates and families are secured. The system invests into the development of their employees’ careers (OhioHealth, n.d). It encourages them to share knowledge and grow each other which in return provides an environment and tools that develop these employees both personally and professionally.

OhioHealth provides an environment that challenges the growth of their employees and also ensures that the employees who contribute to their success are rewarded fully. The institution strives to inspire and support their employees in return to their dedication, they take every opportunity to celebrate the employees who make them stand out as quality healthcare givers. Encouraging a balance between the work and social life of their employees is one of their priorities (OhioHealth, n.d). They strive to create a better balance between the work and life of their employees.

The policies in place are responsible for providing a healthy work place for its employees. The company has policies regarding how employees should associate with each other. The company has a policy that guards its employees from being discriminated against in terms of gender, age and race. These policies are responsible for motivating employees who are likely to be discriminated to work with OhioHealth (OhioHealth, n.d). Venturesome and originality in problem solving is another quality that defines OhioHealth. They have been known to venture in treating the most daring and delicate diseases known to man such as vascular and heart related diseases, spine and brain related diseases and cancer. They have ventured into these fields fully by providing physicians who are certified to treat patients suffering from these diseases. Most of their cancer physician are certified members of MD Anderson Cancer Network. They have ventured in treating these diseases and emerged the best in doing so, their originality in treating these diseases made one of their hospitals Riverside Methodist Hospital emerge as one of the best hospitals in America when it comes to treating neuroscience diseases.

Leadership and transparency are things that OhioHealth strives to achieve. To create a conducive working environment for their employees they ensure that their leadership is fully involved and listens to the concerns raised by the employees. Leaders in the institution ensure that employees are motivated to ask questions and pursue their answers in order to create a collaborative work place. They engage their employees in an OhioHealth Leadership Briefing, which gives their leaders a platform to share ideas and developments they have made within their various organizations, this leadership briefing allows them to move forward (OhioHealth, n.d).

As an organization they are driven by innovation and growth. The field of healthcare is rapidly changing and they always want to be at the forefront of that change ranking among the top. They are also driven by the need to deliver high quality and the most innovative healthcare to the patients they tend to. The goals they set are also a driving force that drives them to attain more in the field of delivering healthcare (OhioHealth, n.d). This drive to be the best and among the top care givers has resulted to them using programs such as CareConnect which ensures their patients get the best services. Their drive has also resulted to them adopting an innovative way of moving forward.

When it comes to delivering healthcare the fact that OhioHealth has extensive knowledge in this field cannot be disputed. The OhioHealth stroke network uses highly advanced technology to connect the team they are partnering with to the best stroke specialists at the comprehensive stroke center at OhioHealth Riverside Methodist Hospital. They ensure that their stoke patients are treated by the best specialist with vast knowledge in this field. The same case applies to their cancer patients who are treated by specialist who are members of MD Anderson Cancer Network With vast knowledge in this field (OhioHealth, n.d). The fact that they have managed to emerge at the top of most competent healthcare givers is enough proof that their employees have vast knowledge and experience in the fields they are working in.  

Research carried out by researchers at the University of Toronto and University of Guelph concluded that some psychological conditions and motivations are responsible for encouraging employee engagement. When employees are made to feel that the work, they do is valued by the organization they are working for they are likely to be motivated to engage in their jobs more. When employees are made to feel that the work, they perform does not put their health and reputation at risk they are likely to work more effectively. Lastly, when physical, emotional and mental resources are availed to the employees they are more likely to do the best in their work (HeartMath, n.d).

OhioHealth ensures the wellness of their employees is well catered for, to them the health and wellness of their employees matters a lot. They have designed a program that fits the need of their employees, they provide their employees with convenient access to full continuum care. As discussed, earlier leaders engage the employees by encouraging them to ask question and pursue answers, which makes them feel that they are actually part of making decisions involving the operation of the organization thus making them more engaged in their work. OhioHealth ensures that the health and reputation of their employees are not in any danger. They ensure the health of their employees is well catered for by having a wellness program in place. The organization has a wellness program in place that ensures the wellbeing and the health of their employees are well catered for. Lastly, they provide customized onsite health services at over 25 employers’ work place (OhioHealth, n.d). The health of their employees matters to them.

The work that OhioHealth is doing can be said to make a positive impact in the lives of people. They are known to use high technology when it comes to treating their patients. They have been known to use the newest and effective procedures when it comes to treating brain and spine related diseases such as brain surgery for epilepsy which includes both non-invasive, invasive, electroencephalography monitoring and cortical stimulation for localization. The team doing this are on the leading edge of providing a newer and minimally invasive procedure involving stereotactic EEG, which will allow the patients to have a shorter recovery time allowing them to go back to their daily routines within a short time (OhioHealth, n.d). This is proving that they use the best and most advanced processes when it comes to treating their patients. Testimonies from their employees record that the immense gratitude in their patients’ faces every day, and the gracefully nods they receive from their patients tell them that they are making an impact in the lives of many people (OhioHealth, n.d).  

OhioHealth as a leading organization in offering effective and quality healthcare dreams, designs and develops teams that help them achieve the heights they have achieved. It has made so many changes over the years in order to accommodate these developments. Since 1984, the year which OhioHealth system of hospitals was born. It has been on the forefront of change in the delivery of health care in order to keep its unwavering commitment to its mission which is to improve the health of those they serve (OhioHealth, n.d).

OhioHealth can be termed as a successful organization and for other organizations that wish to achieve great heights such as those of OhioHealth it is advisable that they adopt practices such as those of OhioHealth. It includes its employees in discussions which makes them feel like they are actually part of decision making. It is good to adopt this practice since it makes employees more engaged in their work. It is also known to recognize and reward employees who make the organization stand out as quality healthcare givers. Other organizations can adopt this practice since it will also make their employees feel more valued and in return increase their efforts which will increase the productivity of the company (OhioHealth, n.d).

Another practice of OhioHealth other organization can adopt is its employees’ wellness program that ensures that the health of their employees is well catered for. When employees are guaranteed that their health is well catered for, they are more likely to work without being worried that their work puts their health at risk. Another best practice of OhioHealth that other organizations can adopt is setting goals that will be their driving force of the organization. Lastly, other organizations should adopt a leadership style such as that of OhioHealth, its leadership is effective and is responsible for putting it among the top, leaders in the organization are approachable and responsible (OhioHealth, n.d).

Conclusion

OhioHealth is a company driven by responsibility and task completion. When offering treatment for diseases such as cancer and heart related diseases they ensure that they treat the diseases and rehabilitate the patient to ensure full recovery. Their goals are reflected in their vision and mission. The fact that they were able to integrate electrophysiology, cardiology, and vascular interventional radiology into the second floor of the hospital’s Red Tower is prove enough that they work towards the achievement of these goals. Venturesome and originality is another characteristic that defines them, they have ventured into treating the most delicate and complex diseases and emerged the best in these fields. Their leadership style is effective and ensures their employee are motivated and engaged in the decision making of the organization. The wellbeing of their employees is well catered for by the organization wellness program. Other organizations can adopt the leadership style of this organization in order to achieve great heights such as the one achieved by it. OhioHealth has succeeded in delivering quality healthcare to all the people it serves, and have earned them the great work place recognition.  

References

Academy for excellence in Health care. (2017) Integrating Interventional Services Pre-    Procedural at OhioHealth Riverside Methodist Hospital. Retrieved from; https://fisher.osu.edu/sites/default/files/iap_c-10_ohiohealth_full_report.pdf