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Discuss different policing eras in the U.S., recording changes that occurred during each era including but not limited to: Early American Policing, Posse Comitatus Act, adoption of the bureaucratic model, police accreditation, up to and including the Community Policing Era.

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This is a basic discussion post pertaining to Preparing for a Career in Emergency Management. The following basic instructions are below as well as an attached file with readings from textbook/module notes to help aid in the writing of this assignment.

Respond to the following:

•    What should you look for in a degree program in emergency management?
•    How should you prepare for a job in emergency management?
•    Find two current job postings related to emergency management and discuss the key aspects of the job description and requirements.
•    What are the most important components of the posting and how will you prepare for those requirements?

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Respond to the following:
•    In 2012, Hurricane Sandy—also known as Superstorm Sandy—decimated the East Coast of the United States.
•    Discuss the effective emergency management practices from that event, and discuss what could have been improved.
•    Consider the technical aspects of the storm, such as what made it a Superstorm, how much damage it caused and why, and the overall costs (tangible and intangible costs).
•    Discuss and compare the timeline of the disaster activities to the public and private organizations that contributed support, and identify the disaster life cycle from the timeline.

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the ways in which social-class factors (income, community, employment, status of parents) play into the development of delinquent behavior in children. Include in your discussion the role of income, education, and employment status of parents. Support your ideas with relevant academic research.

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Answer the following:

Identify your city: Milwaukee, Wisconsin

What are the 3 most concerning crimes?

Which crime are you addressing?

What solutions do you propose?

How long for implementation, and for quantifiable (measurable) results?

How is the municipality going to pay for it?

Students will act as community relations officers, and will be responsible for investigating the crime-related problems in their respective communities.

The student should identify one of the most urgent or frequently-occurring problems in the community, according to statistics or crime analysis.

Based on this finding, propose short-term and long-term solution to the problem

Search past few years (2017-now) to show trends of popular crimes either increasing or decreasing.

Hint…USDOJ (Or the state’s DOJ) is a place to start…or maybe BJS. 

The student should identify possible funding sources, assisting agencies, and impediments to implementation for the community and the Department’s COP/POP programs.

The student must answer the question, “How do I get officers to ‘buy in’ to this program?”

This project must include a graph (or listed statistics) to show the “ranking” of this crime as compared to other indexed crime in the subject community.

Students are required to cite concepts in the text. (Community Policing:Partnerships for problem solving 7th Edition)

For purposes of brevity, this assignment should not exceed 5 pages, INCLUDING any statistical or graph information. NO APA FORMATTING REQUIRED. Only an APA cover page and reference page is required. Use block formatting.

The required text AND at least ONE other academically credible source should be used for reference. (Website used must only be from a .edu, .gov, .mil websites NO .COM websites!!!)

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Objectives
The objectives of this exercise are for you to demonstrate your ability to:

Locate and access digital academic literature from the online library system (technical competence)
Accurately classify scholarly literature and the research methods employed (critical thinking)
Summarize and communicate your findings clearly and succinctly (writing and communication)
Your task
You are to download three scholarly (peer-reviewed) studies relating to police effectiveness or crime reduction and evaluate the research methods employed by the authors against the evidence hierarchy scale found in the course module.

What you will need to do
You will need to access three scholarly research studies on a related topic. For example, you could access three articles that look at hot spots policing, or body-worn cameras, or community policing, or foot patrol. Any topic related to policing is fine.
See this module page for a video and information on how to access the online library.
Download your chosen articles (pdf files is best).
You should assess each of the studies carefully, paying particular attention to the studies’ methods. It will help you significantly if you use the two page evaluation sheet you were introduced to earlier (it is in module 07.3 “Interpreting articles”). To save time, you can sometimes skim the literature review and focus on the research methods.
Establish your best estimate of the research method and assign a score from 0-5 based on the evaluation sheet.
In no more than three pages per article (nine absolute maximum) describe the article using the following headings:
The article: Show the full academic citation for the article. See this important documentPreview the document.
Summary: A brief description of what the article describes, and what they found.
Research methods: A more detailed summary of the research methods.
Your ranking: Your assessment of the academic rigor of the study, based on your 0-5 score of the research methods (see below)
Justification: In a few sentences, explain why you gave the article the score you did. In other words, justify your scoring and explain your evidence for giving the article that score. (this is the part that is most important – dedicate one page to this)
Submit your assignment electronically through Canvas.
Important notes
Your three articles must be in the same general area. So for example, both should be on broken windows, or both on combating domestic violence. You can’t have one on each topic.
You are not allowed to examine CompStat, as this is covered in another course.
Many academic articles are not necessarily research studies. They might be literature reviews, or commentaries. You have to actively and carefully seek out peer-reviewed research studies that did some sort of study to answer a research question. Do not just blindly accept the first article you come across.
Paper mechanics
Your paper is to be typed, font size 12, double-spaced, one inch margins, and a maximum of nine pages.
Use a sensible, legible font. Calibri, Times New Roman, or Georgia are acceptable.
You should appropriately cite all work using the citation guide provided for you on Canvas. Cite all articles as the original published journal article, not as a Canvas or other type of web reference.
Carefully read the rubric so that you clearly understand where the marks are assigned.
Your paper must be submitted electronically through Canvas.
Nine pages is the maximum limit.
The 0-5 point scale
This is the metric you need to assess the articles you choose. It was originally introduced in module page 07.2.1 A hierarchy of evidence (scale). 

Evidence hierarchy.jpg

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Paper Instructions:

Research on the following subject in Loss prevention, security, and technological innovations/methods in large retailers such as Amazon, Walmart, Costco and any other's that would suffice. Should include a broad and comprehensive range of research with multiple sources of authors. Various sources may have different opinions, observations and data to support this research paper. This paper is to better understand how larger retailers prevent or militate crime from occurring when operating as a large-scale business.

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You are the training officer in your department. Your agency has been receiving an unusually high number of Bivens Actions (lawsuits and complaints) from citizens stating that officers have been using excessive force to make arrests. The Chief has tasked you with developing a training program that will teach officers about verbal judo and de-escalation techniques.

Research using the Internet, your textbook, the AIU library, and other resources to support your discussion on the following:

Provide an example of how an officer can use verbal judo to de-escalate a volatile situation.  
Provide an example of how an officer’s words can escalate a volatile situation, thus making it worse. 
Remember, mere words are powerful in volatile situations.

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Paper Instructions:

You and Officer Landonio are on patrol. You see two juveniles sitting on the curb, and they are smoking what appears to be a marijuana cigarette. They are not trying to hide the fact that they are smoking marijuana, and you pull your patrol car over to talk to them. You run their names and find that one juvenile, Thomas Jones, does not have a record. But the other, Henry Thompson, has a long juvenile record. You now have the decision of whether or not to use your discretion.

In 5–6 paragraphs, address the following: 

In your own words, what is a chronic juvenile offender? Explain.
Do you take both boys into the juvenile assessment center? Do you let the juvenile without a record leave and take Henry Thompson to the juvenile assessment center? Or do you let both boys go with a warning? Explain your decision. 
What do you think would be the benefits of your decision? Explain.
What do you think would be the consequences of your decision? Explain
What are your state laws pertaining to marijuana? Explain. 
Do you agree with these laws? Why or why not?

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Paper Instructions:

For this assignment, you will choose one high profile legislative issue and pay particular attention to how this issue is being discussed and debated in the media you are regularly exposed to. Keep track of any article or clip that you come across related to this issue (you should have at least 10 sources by the time this assignment is due) and, if possible, note the main point(s) or observations made by the commentator
Include information about the proposed or contested legislation, your sources for that information, points for and against it, who benefits from and pays for it, and which interest groups are supporting and opposing it.  Finally discuss whether or not you support the proposed legislation and why.

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A number of revolutionary companies have led the way for dramatic changes in how organizations – both Fortune 500 multinationals and SMEs – conduct their performance reviews and manage their staff. In their wake, companies the world over are adapting their performance management practices and readjusting their once-firmly held beliefs regarding performance ratings and annual performance appraisals.

Below, we have collated five important case studies of organizations who have shaken up their existing processes and have reaped significant benefits in terms of productivity and performance.

1. Adobe introduced continuous performance management in place of annual reviews

Adobe were the forerunners of change when they abandoned annual performance appraisals back in 2012. They replaced them with regular check-ins, supported by frequent feedback – both positive and constructive. There are no performance ratings or rankings and they allow different parts of the organization to determine how frequently they should hold check-in conversations, according to their work cycles.

The result has been a marked increase in employee engagement, with voluntary turnover decreasing by 30% since check-ins were introduced.

2. Deloitte saved 2 million working hours per year with weekly check-ins

Deloitte was the first big name to announce in 2015 that it was scrapping once-a-year performance reviews, 360-degree feedback and objective cascading. This was after it calculated that these processes were consuming a remarkable 2 million hours a year across the organization.

Deloitte’s new process requires every team leader to check in with each team member once a week to discuss near-term work and priorities, comment on recent work and provide coaching. To ensure these check-ins take place frequently, the check-ins are initiated by the team members, rather than the team leaders.

These weekly check-ins are supported by quarterly reviews in which team leaders are asked to respond to four future-focused statements about each team member. Rather than asking team leaders what they think of the team member, which is what traditional performance ratings do, they ask what the team leader would do with the team member.

3. General Electric put an end to ‘rank and yank’ performance management

Under the reign of its former CEO, Jack Welsh, General Electric was the most well-known proponent of annual performance ratings and forced distribution curves. For decades, GE operated a ‘rank and yank’ system, whereby employees were appraised and rated once a year, following which the bottom 10% were fired. Not exactly a recipe for employee engagement.

In 2015, GE announced that it was replacing this approach with frequent feedback and regular conversations called ‘touchpoints’ to review progress against agreed near-term goals. This is supported by an online and mobile app, similar to our own Clear Review performance management tool, which enables employees to capture progress against their goals, give their peers feedback and also request feedback.

Managers will still have an annual summary with employees, looking back at the year and setting goals, but this conversation will be more about standing back and discussing achievements and learnings, and much less fraught than annual reviews.

4. Accenture abandoned ratings for performance development

As of September 2015, Accenture, one of the largest companies in the world, disbanded its former ranking and once-a-year evaluation process. Like GE, Accenture has decided to put frequent feedback and conversations at the heart of its new process and focus on performance development, rather than performance rating.

As Ellyn Shook, Chief HR Officer at Accenture, stated: “Rather than taking a retrospective view, our people will engage in future-focused conversations about their aspirations, leading to actions to help them grow and progress their careers.”

5. Cargill introduced on-the-job conversations in place of annual appraisals

Like Adobe, Cargill, the US food producer and distributor, started to transform its traditional performance management processes back in 2012, when it introduced ‘Everyday Performance Management’. It removed performance ratings and annual review forms and instead focused on managers having frequent, on-the-job conversations and giving regular, constructive feedback. They have made this work by:

Regularly rewarding and recognizing managers who demonstrate good day-to-day performance management practices.
Sharing the experiences and tips of their successful managers.
Holding teams accountable for practicing day-to-day performance management.
Building the skills needed to succeed at Everyday Performance Management, including effective two-way communication, giving feedback, and coaching.
The outcome has been impressive, with 70% of Cargill employees now saying they feel valued as a result of their ongoing performance discussions with their manager.

Instructions    
Please read the excerpt below from “Performance Management Case Studies: Revolutionaries and Trail Blazers” by Stuart Hearn, January 5, 2016, and answer the subsequent questions.

One question on page

QUESTION 1

What trends in performance management do you notice based on the case studies discussed above?

QUESTION 2

Based on your reading and your own work experience, why do you believe these changes in performance management trends are proving effective at many companies?

QUESTION 3

Are there any of the trends you have identified that you believe may not be particularly effective at some companies (e.g., based on company size, industry, and/or company culture)?  If so, please identify which trends and why.

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The law is invoked as a result of unfortunate mistakes in the delivery of health care. A foundation for applying abstract theories and principles of ethics is required. Identify a microethical and macroethical dilemma that occur in healthcare organizations. Provide examples of legal case law to support your response.