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Module 3: Case Study on Intelligence in a Globally Interconnected Society

The Facebook Entanglement, A Failure of Imagination?

During the previous two modules, we explored the traditional concepts of national intelligence collection and sharing (Module 1) and we looked at how we may need to broaden our collection and sharing considerations due to the dynamic influence of digital technology (Module 2).

In Module 3, we will take a deep dive into the activities of social media giant, Facebook and explore how impactful digital technology can be when it is used by Nation States or other hostile actors to both collect intelligence, as well as use it as a platform to influence policies and communities.

As you explore the Facebook story, consider how well prepared we are in meeting intelligence challenges conducted through social media.  Is there effective government oversight, or is social media allowing information to be weaponized  (or cause upheaval) against the U.S. and other countries?

Review the Facebook activity both before, during and after revelations of how the company was being used by the Russian government.  Consider Facebook’s initial response and if delays in making changes to operations at the company may have an impact on the U.S. in the future (Anticipatory Intelligence). 

C.  Let’s begin by assessing what happened, why did it happen (for example, a failure of imagination on our part for not anticipating how Facebook could be used?), how it was allowed to continue through a process of delays, denial and deflection (perhaps a lack of internal governance or insufficient regulatory oversight?) and explore the breadth of the impact (is there more to come?).

See:  

https://www.nytimes.com/2018/11/14/technology/facebook-data-russia-election-racism.html

https://www.wired.com/story/facebook-scandals-2018/

Assess the impact and influence on U.S. politics and communities (Intelligence and Social/Political Influencing)
See:

https://www.nytimes.com/2018/12/17/us/politics/russia-2016-influence-campaign.html



Assess the impact and influence on U.S. business (Intelligence and economic/business influencing)
Evaluate the ability of Facebook to initially cover-up internal issues and later undermine activities of anti-Facebook groups
See:

https://businessmirror.com.ph/2018/11/19/a-look-inside-the-tactics-of-definers-facebooks-attack-dog/

https://www.nytimes.com/2018/12/18/technology/facebook-privacy.html

D.  Consider political influencing committed through Facebook that may have impacted social unrest in Myanmar and efforts of Iranian trolls to impact the U.S.

See:

https://www.brookings.edu/blog/order-from-chaos/2018/06/27/facebook-cant-resolve-conflicts-in-myanmar-and-sri-lanka-on-its-own/

E.  In Security Management magazine, January, 2019, a member of the editorial staff, Megan Gates, explored “The Privacy Problem” and the need to create stronger privacy regulations to protect users and their data.  In the article, Gates also looked back at the role Facebook played in Myanmar’s social unrest and she described how Facebook is now independently taking efforts to build their own governance and accountability and improve enforcement of content policies because there is no current regulatory framework or legal guidance requiring such action.

Consider Megan Gates’ remarks in light of the activities of Facebook.  Are global social media and digital technology giants today too powerful to control? 
Considering how social media can be used as intelligence tools for hostile state actors, should these giants be left to self-governance or is there a need for comprehensive U.S. regulatory guidance?
Required Reading

https://www.nytimes.com/2018/11/14/technology/facebook-data-russia-election-racism.html

https://www.wired.com/story/facebook-scandals-2018/

https://businessmirror.com.ph/2018/11/19/a-look-inside-the-tactics-of-definers-facebooks-attack-dog/

https://www.nytimes.com/2018/12/17/us/politics/russia-2016-influence-campaign.html

https://www.brookings.edu/blog/order-from-chaos/2018/06/27/facebook-cant-resolve-conflicts-in-myanmar-and-sri-lanka-on-its-own/

https://www.nytimes.com/2018/12/18/technology/facebook-privacy.html

BASED ON ABOVE - RESPOND TO FOLLOWING PROMPT:

When we look back at the nation state manipulations and the privacy data access concerns involving the social media giant, Facebook, we can glean from the articles and research that there were several instances when questionable activity was brought to the attention of the company's leadership, yet the problems persisted.  During our discussion board in Module 1, our colleague Pamela Reininger commented that private industry, "...needs to be encouraged and aided in developing the most sophisticated detection systems and there has to be a robust interchange of information between the US and private business."  Given Facebooks' response after detecting intelligence and privacy issues, should such a public/private exchange be mandatory and regulated by the government?  Would effective government intelligence collection and sharing requirements have reduced the negative influences that occurred through Facebook?

Please cite articles from above in buttressing your argument.

692 Words  2 Pages

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How many Individuals, if any does it take for a Criminal Act to be performed?

What Theory and Theorist proposed an explanation of the dynamics in a Criminal Act performance? List the Theory and Theorist.) - Do you agree/disagree with the hypothesis in explaining criminal activity? - Provide an example in support of your response.

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The topic is pretty much self-explanatory. Your task is to write an argumentative research paper on "Do we need an international criminal court?" Your research paper should be well organized and contains facts, quotations or illustrations from reference materials to support your thesis. These sources must be properly documented at the Post-graduate level (MLA standard). You will be penalized for not recognizing all sources that you use to support your research.

It is important to understand that an argumentative research paper makes a claim about a topic and justifies this claim with specific evidence. The claim could be an opinion, a policy proposal, an evaluation, a cause-and-effect statement, or an interpretation. The goal of the argumentative paper is to convince the audience that the claim is true based on the evidence provided.

**Be detailed and comprehensive in your approach**

A rubric and an outline will be attached to help you develop the paper, as well as ensure if all of the criteria are met and exceeds a level A+. Please, on a separate document or the text editor, complete THE PROPOSAL before you start the FINAL DRAFT. THE PROPOSAL is considered the rough draft of the work so I have an idea of what the paper will discuss/highlight.

In the end, I should receive THREE documents: a rough draft of the research paper (the proposal), a final, revised draft of the research paper I submit, and lastly, an annotated Works Cited page (as stipulated in the attachment). 

This paper should be taken very seriously as it is a summative worth 30% of my overall mark. Please adhere to university or post-grad readability and writing devoid of grammar and punctuation mistakes.

If you do have any questions or concerns regarding the order, feel free to let me know and I will respond back as soon as possible.

317 Words  1 Pages

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Sport law paper will focus on the issue surrounding PAYING COLLEGE ATHLETES.

Present both points of view, pros and cons. This will be done by identifying points of view on the topic that currently exist in the media (both written and digital), legislation, court cases, journal articles, books and any other research and information that exists on the topic.

You are to write on the issue and points of view in a clear and compelling 8 page paper. This 8 page requirement does not include the reference page(s) or cover page. The text (content) of the paper should NOT EXCEED OR BE LESS THAN 8 pages in length.

Paper will be evaluated for depth and quality of research, organization, form, substantive content, spelling, grammar, APA style writing and points of view of the topic chosen. 

Additionally, the following points should be mention/researched: 
- Why players weren't paid to begin with (amateurism)
- Now that the NCAA has agreed that student-athletes should be paid, how is this plan going to work exactly? Where will the funds come from?
- Ethical issues 
- Will this affect the scholarships awarded? If so, how?
- Will this regulation be implemented throughout every division? (DI, DIAA, DII, DIII, NAIA, Junior College)
- Will it be performance based, likeness, jersey sales? What is the exact criteria that will be used to pay college athletes? 
- XFL's ability to draft college players/Influences from outside leagues
- Targeted athletes from impoverished neighborhoods

The paper should not be limited to the points mentioned above. Anything else that can be added, should be; keeping in mind the 8 page requirement. 

281 Words  1 Pages

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Term Paper Description: Identify and describe hypothetical construction project and prepare a management briefing report not to exceed six (6) typed pages that outlines the significant construction safety concerns that must be addressed during the project.
Your choice: Either from the perspective of the general or the sub-contractor.
The following format and guidelines must be used: 
1) Description of the construction project 
2) Description of the relevant operations, such as site clearing, electrical work, trenching, scaffolding, mechanical work, demolition, etc. with an explanation of the potential hazards and suggested strategies for control
3) Remember, safety goes beyond OSHA - public liability, general liability, environmental, etc. 
4) Include a bibliography, outlining your sources. Use END NOTES as well

128 Words  1 Pages

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choose one of the following examples of UK law:

1.Human Rights Act 1998

2.Parliament Act 1911 and Parliament Act 1949 (taken together)

3.Public Order Act 1986.

Write a short essay explaining that law and why you think it is important in the UK constitution, and critically evaluating its impact on the UK constitution.

At the start of your answer, you should state which piece of law you have chosen. Your essay should focus on evaluating the importance of the law to make an argument as to how and why the law is important, based on evidence from the attached materials. (1000 words maximum)

117 Words  1 Pages

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Agreement and Consideration are essential elements of all contracts. In this exercise it important to remember why the element is so critical to forming a contract. The fact that promise has been made does not mean the promise can or will be enforced. Under Roman Law, a promise was not enforceable without some sort of "causa"-that is, a reason for making the promise that was also deemed to be a sufficient reason for enforcing it.  Under common law, a primary basis for enforcement of the promise made in a contact is consideration. Consideration is usually defined as the value given in return for a promise or performance. The questions that usually come before the court often focus on what constitutes something of “legal value" and what is considered enough legal value. Remember these ideas when seeking the answers to the issues set forth in the exercise spelled out below.



REVIEW "JOHN'S SPECIAL NIGHT” case outlined by me in my "Weekly Session" comments for this week. Answer the following questions:



1. Does a contract exist between John and the owner of Chez Madeline? WHY OR WHY NOT? (Check for all the elements)  If so what type of contract and why? 



2. Assume that John has no initial contract with the owner does he ever have a contract? If so what type and why?



3. Does John have to pay the bill? Why or Why Not?



LUCY VS ZEHMER

http://onlinelaw.wustl.edu/blog/case-study-lucy-v-zehmer/

Do you think the court made a fair determination in this case? Would you suggest that the precedent be revisited by the court and changed given the age of the case? Explain. Support your answer with the material for this week. Also if you think it should be changed what would you suggest the change should be?

308 Words  1 Pages

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Violence in the Work Place:(Assaults and Shootings).

18 Words  1 Pages

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According to the text (and empirical data), people of color disproportionately commit violent and property crime, and African Americans, Latinos, and Native Americans have higher victimization rates. After reading the assigned chapters and supplemental article from the Vera Institute, answer the following questions:

The texts offers many explanations for racial difference in criminal behavior (i.e. social structure, social disorganization, poverty/inequality, cognitive and neurological development, neighborhood characteristics, antisocial behavior, urban life, etc.). Which explanation(s) do you believe best explains the wide variance in violent crime? Why?
Similarly, the text also offers a series of explanations for higher rates of victimization among minorities (such as African Americans, Latinos, and Native Americans). Which explanation(s) do you most agree with? Why?
Finally, based on the text and report provided by the Vera Institute, answer one of the following:
What are the most promising emerging practices for integrating trauma-informed care into existing programs serving young men?
How can law enforcement agencies be supported in addressing implicit bias so that young men of color harmed by crime are met with respect, care, and coordination with appropriate resources?
What strategies exist to help intervene in cycles of violence, even with those young people who have caused harm?

213 Words  1 Pages

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From 1865 through the early 1900s, various drugs were available and deemed legal. Today, there are even more types of drugs that, while illegal in most countries, are available to the public.

Address the following in 3–4 pages:

Pick 3 drugs that were legal from 1865 until some point in the 20th century, and answer the following questions: 
What 3 drugs were legal, and how were they used in society? 
Where could people obtain these drugs? Explain.
Why would people use these drugs? Explain. 
Pick 3 illegal substances that are considered popular among drug users within the United States, and answer the following questions for each drug: 
Why do people use this drug? Explain.
How widespread is the use of this drug? Explain.
What types of demographics or populations are most likely to use this drug?

147 Words  1 Pages

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Assignment Details

Your son has been having behavioral problems lately. He has not been completing his homework, he has been late to school, and he is having disciplinary problems at school and at home. He closes his door and withdraws from the family. You were thinking that this was just normal teenage angst that he was going through. One morning, while he is at school, you go into his room and see pieces of aluminum foil with burn marks on them. You also find several lighters inside his dresser drawer. You now suspect that he is using drugs.

Address the following in 5–6 paragraphs:

What type of drug do you think he is using? Explain why. 
Where would he be able to obtain this drug? Explain.
Why do you think he began using this drug? Explain. 
How will you react when he comes home from school? Why? 
What positive impacts or repercussions might your reactions have on his future drug use? 
What can you do to help alleviate this problem? Explain. 
What would you do to alleviate the community problem of youth drug use and abuse? Explain.

198 Words  1 Pages

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Assignment Details

You are a supervising administrative officer in a criminal justice agency. You learn that Officer X has reportedly been fraternizing with another man’s spouse. The man returned to his home and found Officer X in his bedroom with his wife. The man then went to your agency to file a formal complaint against Officer X. It is a violation of your agency’s policy for officers to fraternize with the spouses of other people. Officer X was reportedly off duty at the time.

Administrative Scenario: You are in charge of the administrative investigation. You must identify legal, ethical, and moral character violations that occurred. Review the following interviews:

Interview 1
You interview Officer X, and he denies being in the man’s home with the man’s wife and fraternizing with her. Officer X said that Officer Y is his alibi. Officer X said that he was with Officer Y at Officer Y’s house when the alleged fraternization happened. 
Interview 2
You interview Officer Y, and he initially verifies Officer X’s story. However, under interrogation, Officer Y changes his story, and he admits that he was not with Officer X and that he lied for Officer X because Officer X asked him to do so. Subsequently, Officer Y is no longer an alibi for Officer X. 
Interview 3
You re-interview Officer X, and he continues denying fraternization and denies being in the man’s home with the man’s wife. However, when you tell Officer X that Officer Y admitted to lying for him, Officer X admits to you that he lied and that he did fraternize with the other man’s wife and that he was alone with her in her home.
In a 3–4-page paper, answer the following administrative questions:

Did a fraternization policy violation occur? What is the purpose of having and enforcing fraternization policies? Why do agencies have fraternization policies?
Did Officer X lie during the administrative investigation? Did Officer X encourage Officer Y to lie for him?
Is this merely an ethical issue, or does it also involve moral turpitude?
When does an ethical issue rise to the level of moral turpitude?
When does a moral issue rise to the level of criminality?
If the media find out about this investigation, what will the public expect you to do about it?
Sometimes, the cover-up is worse than the original act itself. As a criminal justice administrator, what is the best way to handle this kind of situation?

419 Words  1 Pages

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Drug courts are a relatively new phenomenon in the American judicial system. Focus your discussion on the following:
Discuss the philosophy and role as well as provide a short history of drug courts. 
Does the state in which you reside utilize drug courts, and if so, how successful have they been in reducing recidivism rates? 
Would you recommend that all of the states utilize these courts to assist in processing drug cases? 
Support your viewpoints with references from your readings and other appropriate outside sources

96 Words  1 Pages
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