Questions and Topics We Can Help You To Answer:
Paper Instructions:

What is an annotated bibliography?
An annotated bibliography is an alphabecally-ordered (by author surname) list of citaons to books,
arcles, and documents. 
followed by a descripve and evaluave paragraph, the annotaon.
The purpose of the annotaon is to inform the reader of the relevance, accuracy, and quality of the
sources cited. Creang an annotated bibliography calls for the applicaon of a variety of intellectual
skills: concise exposion, succinct analysis, and informed library research

Your 4 sources must be on the same theme and we
expect that you will compare and contrast the sources in your bibliography.
You should then read and/or review each source and write an annotated bibliography of them. A
concise annotaon should summarize the central theme and scope of the source. Include one or
more sentences that (a) evaluate the authority or background of the author, (b) comment on the
intended audience, (c) compare or contrast this work with another you have cited, or (d) explain how
this work illuminates your bibliography theme.

Questions and Topics We Can Help You To Answer:
Paper Instructions:

You are a defense attorney in a case that involves the murderous actions of one of the sets of characters below, and you are making your closing statements. What four or five arguments are you going to use to ensure that your clients do not spend a single day in jail/prison? What moral, legal, and other considerations inform your arguments?

Questions and Topics We Can Help You To Answer:
Paper Instructions:

This week, let’s turn for a moment to consider the importance of ethics in your future career in the Criminal Justice System. Watch the following videos and identify the ethical issues for each and then discuss how you would handle the situations and why. 


Video 1: CJ in Practice: Ethics in Policing-gratuities https://players.brightcove.net/268012963001/Sy9lbkRKl_default/index.html?videoId=ref:cd-crim-anim-CJanim18-CA03299&secureConnections=true&secureHTMLConnections=true&autoStart=false

Video 2: CJ in Practice: Ethics in Policing - inappropriate relationships
https://players.brightcove.net/268012963001/Sy9lbkRKl_default/index.html?videoId=ref:cd-crim-anim-CJanim19-CA03300&secureConnections=true&secureHTMLConnections=true&autoStart=false

Questions and Topics We Can Help You To Answer:
Paper Instructions:

Watch the video: “An insider’s plan for rehabilitating the juvenile justice system, Jeff Wallace” located at    https://youtu.be/TOxpjjzP6lM
Then use the case you chose last week for the Week 7 discussion from the PBS cases located at https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/juvenile/four/and discuss how you believe Wallace’s recommendations could have helped rehabilitate the juvenile featured before they were sentenced as an adult.

Questions and Topics We Can Help You To Answer:
Paper Instructions:

Read the article titled “When Not to Arrest an Abuser in a Domestic Violence Case,” located at http://time.com/12682/when-not-to-arrest-an-abuser-in-a-domestic-violence-case/. Next, explain the two (2) factors that you believe would be the most critical for police to consider before making an arrest in a domestic violence situation.
The article suggests that the criminal justice system may not be the best place to deal with domestic violence misdemeanors. Indicate whether you believe these domestic violence situations should be handled by the criminal justice system or by some other social service organization. Provide at least one (1) example to support your opinion.

Questions and Topics We Can Help You To Answer:
Paper Instructions:

Imagine you are the chief of police. As the chief of police, you will need to ensure that your law enforcement officers lead ethical careers. In order to prepare for this assignment, research Kohlberg’s stages of moral development and find at least two (2) relevant articles that discuss Kohlberg’s theory, Means vs. Ends, and Kantian ethics.
Write a two to three (2-3) page paper in which you:
1. Identify and discuss the three (3) levels of Kohlberg’s stages of Moral Development, and explain how you would address each level within your department.
2. Explain how your officers can use Kohlberg’s Stages of Moral Development to evaluate three (3) types of criminals who are at different stages of moral development.
3. Illustrate two to three (2-3) ways in which you would address self-interest and pursuit of pleasure to prevent police corruption.
4. Identify and discuss at least three (3) Prima Facie Duties that you believe all of your law enforcement officers should fulfill.
5. Support your position statement with two (2) relevant and credible references, documented according to SWS. (Note: Do not use open source sites such as Ask.com, eHow.com, Answers.com, and Wikipedia.

Questions and Topics We Can Help You To Answer:
Paper Instructions:

A research paper that describes what a Crime scene Investigator is. Has to include topics like the history, duties, qualifications, education required, and the overall nature of the job.

Questions and Topics We Can Help You To Answer:
Paper Instructions:

Does Probation Work?  Let's do some research on it.  At the end of the paper, based on your research, explain whether probation works.  (It will help if you include Intermediate Sanctions).  Recidivism is one current measure of probation effectiveness.  How important to you, as a scholarly student, is recidivism as a measure of program success? 



Do you believe probation officers can really keep offenders from committing new crimes or violating the conditions of their probation?



If you were a probation officer today, by which outcome measures would you want to be judged? Why?

Questions and Topics We Can Help You To Answer:
Paper Instructions:

The paper for this course requires students to select one criminological theory and evaluate how that theory affects an individual’s decision to engage in criminal behavior as well as how the theory assists criminal justice officials in understanding criminal behavior.

You will select the criminological theory you are writing about and locate four academic sources to support your paper. Then, you will give an overview of your topic and a brief review of the literature you have selected. This part of your research paper should have the following components:

An overview of your selected theory. In this section, you must identify the criminological theory that will serve as the basis for your research project and briefly describe that theory. Then, relate that theory to the U.S. criminal justice system and explain how the components of the U.S. criminal justice system, law enforcement, the judiciary, incarceration, and rehabilitation, support this theory.
A review of the literature that will be included in your final paper. This section should include at least four academic sources, and you should give a brief description of each source and describe why it is relevant to your chosen topic. It should also compare and contrast the findings of the sources you have selected in relation to your topic. The intent of providing a review of sources is to demonstrate the student is headed in the right direction with research for the paper.

add a section on your selected theory’s effect on an individual and society. In this section, you should do the following:

Discuss how the selected theory affects an individual’s decision to commit crime.
Give an example of a criminal action and explain how it relates to this theory. Be sure to also discuss how this criminal behavior affects society.

Summarize how this theory is supported by crime data that aims to target solutions intended to eradicate criminal behavior.

Your paper must be a minimum of five pages, and it should be in APA style as detailed by the guidelines below. You must use a minimum of four scholarly resources total (for parts I and II), and any information from these sources should be cited and referenced in APA style.

General Guidelines for Papers

APA style must be adhered to for the research paper which includes but is not limited to the following:

Use 12-point Times New Roman font;
Double-spacing throughout paper;
All four margins set at 1”;
A cover and reference page must be included on separate pages;
Documents must be saved as either a .doc or .docx file. No other formats will be accepted;

Only scholarly resources should be used. Sites such as Wikipedia, blogs, or other resources where information has not been peer-reviewed must not be used. If you have questions regarding whether a resource is acceptable, ask your instructor before using that resource;
Do not include an abstract (page 2 of APA Format);
Direct quotes should be used sparingly, if at all. The intent of scholarly writing is to demonstrate the ability to comprehend, interpret, and analyze information. Direct quotes do not demonstrate these skills; therefore they should only be used when the true meaning of the original author cannot be appropriately expressed otherwise.
Do not use contractions in scholarly, business, academic or professional writing

Questions and Topics We Can Help You To Answer:
Paper Instructions:

This assignment should illustrate the legality of euthanasia in some countries Netherlands, Belgium (some other European countries where euthanasia is allowed) and Canada. United Sates should be excluded from this paper. 

Questions could be used as guide in this research 
When it allowed euthanasia? what forms of euthanasia are allowed, active euthanasia, passive euthanasia or physician-assisted suicide?
Why euthanasia is allowed in this country?
Could any patient request euthanasia?

Questions and Topics We Can Help You To Answer:
Paper Instructions:

For this assignment, you are required to interview and write a profile of an individual who has been impacted by a collateral consequence of conviction. This can be a person who has been disenfranchised from the vote, blocked from gainful employment, subjected to a civil asset forfeiture proceeding, wrongfully convicted, or affected by some other documented collateral consequence.

This assignment will have two deliverables: (i) an interview schedule and (ii) the profile story. The interview schedule consists of a list of questions that serves as a guide to what topics and issues you will ask your respondent. Tips for developing an interview schedule are available here. You will have to decide whether you will record the interview or take notes; the preceding guide offers some pros and cons on that decision. The profile will detail background on the individual and offer a compelling story about the individual's personal experiences and struggles with collateral consequences. Useful guides for developing your profile are available here and here. You may also seek out other resources on your own. 

Your profile is limited to 2,500 words, not including title page (include word count at end of profile). You have a lot of leeway as to how this document is organized and structured, but use the guidelines linked here to begin that framing process. Stylistically, your paper should be double-spaced, use Times New Roman 12-point font, have one-inch margins all around, and include page numbers. You should append your interview schedule to the end of your profile (this does not apply toward word count). 

The profile must be of a living person, who you can interview in-person, over the phone, through web interface, etc. You will have to decide how long the interview should be, keeping in mind not to overburden the respondent. If you are having difficulty identifying an impacted individual, please contact me early so we can discuss. 

Tips for developing an interview schedule are available here. Useful guides for developing your profile are available here and here.

https://sociology.fas.harvard.edu/files/sociology/files/interview_strategies.pdf

https://www.thebalancecareers.com/writing-a-compelling-profile-of-a-person-2316038

https://www.thoughtco.com/writing-engaging-personality-profiles-2073876

Questions and Topics We Can Help You To Answer:
Paper Instructions:

Hide Assignment Information
Instructions
No directly quoted material may be used in this project paper.

Resources should be summarized or paraphrased with appropriate in-text and Resource page citations.

Final Project: Case Study

Ethical dilemmas permeate the criminal justice. At every level, in each segment of the system, people are exercising discretion that will influence the fate of an individual and/or the security of the community. Incongruous laws, regulations, policies and practices create conflicts and distort the basis upon which judgments are made. Very often these conflicts result in an ethical dilemma. Which is the appropriate course of action? What is the moral/ethical rational for the decisions that were made? What purposes or principles are served? This project will ask you to consider a sequence of decisions (do, or not do) all of which contribute, directly or indirectly the final scene.

For each of the three (3) scenarios, your assignment is to: 

Examine each situation and describe the ethical and/or moral question,
Describe what you believe to be the motivation of the actor and the potential consequences of BOTH/EACH options,
Identify the decision you believe the actor SHOULD make, and
Provide the ethical basis for your decision.
Connect the ethical basis for your decision to ethical theories introduced at the beginning of the course and explain the rational for this connection.
Each decision must be considered separately and not be influenced by earlier decisions and/or actions.
This project is an opportunity for the student to demonstrate their understanding of ethics and value-based decisions. Most of these situations do not have a single correct answer. Grading is NOT based on solving the problem that is presented to the actor but in identifying the ethical dilemmas and determining and explaining the most ethical course of action.

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1. The judge

Judge Jeffery Owens is very troubled by the felony case before him.  The defendant, Woodrow Wilson, had been found guilty of armed robbery of a liquor store.  The case alleged that Wilson had a handgun in plain sight when he entered the Sin-Yon liquor store, that he hit the owner in the head with the weapon and forced him to open the cash drawer. Fleeing the scene on foot, Woodrow only got a few blocks before responding police officers spotted him and made the arrest. The prosecutor, armed with the recovered cash, video surveillance and an eyewitness as evidence had an easy case. Now it is time for sentencing.

Jeffery saw the demonstration of business owners in the hallway when he entered the courthouse that morning. They were chanting “Justice for our victims” and were demanding a lengthy prison sentence. The Pre-Sentence Investigation report said Wilson was suffering from acute addiction and associated mental problems that had caused these violent (but not criminal) outbreaks in the past. There is no information in the file that Wilson has ever received treatment for his disorders. Jeffery knows that, due to budget cuts, the state prison system has very little in the way of addictive or behavioral disorder treatment programs. The prisons had reverted to merely warehousing inmates. However, he had read that the county jail had received a federal grant to establish exactly the kind of services that it appeared Wilson needed. Obviously, he had no way of knowing if this or any treatment would be successful for Wilson.

Sentencing guidelines were established to ensure that defendants convicted of similar offenses received similar punishments. According to the sentencing guidelines, Wilson should be sentenced to 5-7 years in the state correctional prison system. Jeffery knows that the business community was calling for the maximum sentence. The county jail only took inmates sentenced to eighteen months or less. What sentence should Judge Owens impose on Mr. Wilson?  


2. The District Attorney

Jessica ran a successful campaign for district attorney on a very conservative platform generally critical of the incumbent's inability or unwillingness to prosecute police misconduct with criminal charges. The city’s police chief did not support her campaign. He felt that administrative actions that could result is fines, suspensions, demotion or termination of employment were sufficient punishment. Additionally, victims could sue an officer in civil court if the officer acted outside the scope of their authority and immunity.  The chief felt that these consequences should be sufficient for any police misconduct except, perhaps, a felony. Since her election Jessica has brought criminal charges of larceny against one officer for switching city tires off his patrol car on to his personal car. She also brought assault charges against an officer when she learned a suspect needed medical treatment for wrist abrasions due to her handcuffs being too tight. Recently several assistants have cautioned her that they are losing criminal cases, including serious felony cases, because police officers are either not appearing to testify at court or are having "difficulty remembering" critical details during their testimony. This started in traffic court but has also occurred in misdemeanor trials as well. The feeling is these officers are retaliating against the district attorney's officer for the criminal charges being brought against members of the police force.  The pattern is quite clear and getting worse. Prosecutors are complaining that police detectives are “too busy” to return their calls. Jessica understands she cannot successfully prosecute criminal cases without the cooperation of the police department. At the same time, she feels as though she is being bullied by an overly protective autocratic police chief. She feels she can and should prosecute police officer for any criminal offense ...and feels that her election demonstrated that the community agrees with her. What should Jessica do?



3. The Officer

Scot is still on probation as a police department rookie. While on probation he can be dismissed at any time for any reason and would not be entitled to a trail board or hearing prior to dismissal. 

During the course of his patrol duties Scot has cause to stop a car for a legitimate but minor traffic violation. The motorist was highly agitated at being stopped “for no reason” and, using a variety of obscene references and racial slurs, adamantly expressed how upset he was. Agitated, Scot told the man to exit the vehicle and place his hands on the hood of his car. Scot looked through the car interior, and then took the keys out of the ignition to open the trunk. Seeing what Scot was doing the driver told Scot to stop and that he could absolutely not search the trunk of the car.  Ignoring this, Scot opened the trunk and discovered in plain view a large, clear plastic bag containing thousands of pharmaceutical-type capsules. Scot could hear the driver screaming, “That ain’t mine. That ain’t mine.”  Scot suddenly realized he has committed an illegal search. What should Scot do?



Format Requirements

A minimum of 10 full narrative text pages
Double space
12 pt. font
1” margins
Use American Psychological Association (APA) citation format for all narrative and Reference Page sources
Reference Page is not included in the word count
NOTE: For a formal paper, an introduction paragraph and a closing paragraph are always appropriate.

Additionally - Create a cover page for your assignment (not included in word count)

Include your name
Course title and number
Project title
Date of submission