This essay analyzes the value of higher education in the Social-economic field. Education is classified as an essential aspect in business in response to economic and social growth. It is critiqued to be an effective foundation of extracting strategic factors which in due course boosts the growth of both economic and social aspects. Education has notably shown its potentiality in building up great human capital that plays very influential roles towards economic development. For instance, complex practices of the economy necessitate professionalism which in most occurrences indicates coherent relationship with education. The essay as well discusses the correlation between education and changes in social-economic sector. However, it is important to notify that education is a complex practice which includes significant apprehension and correlation as far as economic and also, social aspects are concerned.
Traditional and Non-traditional students
In response to the complexity of higher education, it is important to enumerate the difference between traditional and non-traditional students. Institutions of higher education have been registering changing demographics in the contemporary world due to gradual increment of students signing for various programs. For that reason, classification of students in these institutions is done from a variety of bases comprised into traditional and non-traditional students since they characterize considerable differences. Most significant, traditional students include learners of youthful ages supposedly at ages of 18 to 22 years whereas non-traditional students are referred as scholars who join colleges at ages of 23 or older (Adams & Corbett, 2010).
The two groups of students indicate significant differences in reference to goals, motivations and their prospects for the higher education. For instance, it precedes life re-examination and further planning for non-traditional students to gather their interests in higher education which in most cases are driven by social and economic factors. Many among non-traditional students encompass various responsibilities in the social-economic dimensions that determine the need to further their education levels. For that reason, most non-traditional students are influenced by intrinsic reasons such as the need to acquire promotions and boost overall wages in the already acquired careers (Schuetze & Slowey, 2002). On the contrary, traditional students characterize differing reasons for higher education in comparison to non-traditional students. Traditional students embrace less complexity in life and so, they take their purposes, ideas and expectations for higher education on aspects normal transition.
Rise in the cost of education evidenced until the present-day world is critiqued to the eras of 1970s. Notably, odd price rises, economic restrictions and unpredictable economy embarked around 1970 which contradicted education systems in comparison to years prior the downturn. Cost of education in terms of tuition costs and college fees increased in response to the rate of inflation. Higher education received much support particularly from the government prior economic downturn of 1970 and in contrast, government support of education has extremely dropped since then. As a result of economic crisis, federal government restructured its policies for higher education thus substituting federal funding with private loans as the source of support for students. More people turned to provide loans in order to cater for education costs as a result of decreased family incomes. This signified a drop of public in public investment towards education due to a decrease of income hence triggering rises of education costs. The primary sense of the rise revolves around the institution’s need to replace portions of state funding that was withdrawn from education policies (Wright, 2013). Nevertheless, many among the community have a belief that high tuition fuels education quality thus causing an increase to its worthiness. Institutions thus charge huge sums in order to finance various programs such as research projects that are in actuality intended to boost quality of education.
The rises of education cost reflect a coherent trend to the rise of goods and other services in the economic community. For instance, consumer goods and other services such as medical costs have indicated cost increases (Bloomberg, 2012). The increase of costs of living as well connects to economic downturn of 1970s which induced rising of costs in order to match with inflation rates. Arguably, manufacturing sectors and service institutions took the same trend as education institutions in order to enhance productivity and service delivery as a result of a drop in government spending. Increased inflation rates forced federal government to impose high taxes to manufacturing activities and other service institutions. Results of increased tax revenues reflect increased costs of production thus increasing the costs of end products. For that reason, manufacturing and other service institutions increases costs of goods and services in order to replace the amount paid to federal government in form of taxes. Nevertheless, professionalism a product of education plays an important role in both manufacturing and service institutions hence the need to sustain its investment. These institutions therefore charge much on products and services in order to cater demands of professionals for activity compliance.
Conclusion
Regardless of increased costs of education, higher education has remained pervasive since many in the community are focused at diversifying their educational levels. Increased number of students in higher education contradicts notions of its expense and instead, demonstrating instincts of increased quality. Importantly, high pricing of education is majorly as a result of inflation demand and the need to improve its quality. The foregoing analysis enumerates the value of education in the social-economic field by discussing the important correlation between social-economic factors and its persistence.
References
Adams, J., & Corbett, A. (2010). Experiences of traditional and non-traditional college students. Perspectives, 1-29.
Wright, D. A. (2013). The Effects of Four Decades of Recession on Higher Education Enrollments in the United States. Universal Journal of Educational Research, 1(3), 154- 164.
The birds of the air and of the land do it, the bees also do it, animals do it, and the humans we too do it since the time of evolution until now. What is sex? Basically, different people have a different meaning to what sex is. Sex can be described as a natural feeling which people find enjoyable even if they can enjoy in different ways but it is a natural activity. Sex is not only the normal vaginal intercourse but anything that can feel as sexual in humanity. This act has drastically changed over time in humans in the millennia and past decades. Has humanity changed the meaning and forms of sex? Scientists have tried to explain the possibility of humanity doing it better than all the other kinds of animals (Nye, & In Powell, 2015). Humanity has continued to evolve with time so it is possible to note that the act has changed accordingly. Morally, sex has been considered the game changer when it comes to explaining the differences. Humanity has changed either to good morals or to the forbidden morals. During the times of our ancestors, the act was carried out as a way to reproduce more children but due to the evolution, humanity has added meaning to what sex is to be not only a way to reproduce but also a way to enjoy. There have been some myths that sex will always lead to babies (Bellah, 2011). This is however not the truth since there is a very long process before a person gets pregnant.
Since the beginning of time, evolutionary biologists have not been clear on how we humans came to know that sex can be a way to procreate or make babies. The only clear thing is that humanity and in this case, the Homo sapiens discovered that having a relationship and copulation can create babies sometimes between 200,000 years ago to 50,000 years ago (Nye, & In Powell, 2015). Neolithic understanding of this topic describes two parts of this scenario on one side having a mother and the other the child. How humans came to know of procreation varies widely according to cultural groups where every member knows at least a word or two about the link between the babies and sex. However, anthropologists who were working in the New Guinea noted that the occupants never connected the relationship between children and sex in the late 20th century. For example, a certain cultural group by the name Trobriand Islanders never believed that the males had anything to do with the birth of a child (Bellah, 2011). Anthropologists thought this as a strange response since the semen in the males was required in order the females can conceive at any one time but at the same time, they seem to identify the tie between a child and sex. Basically, if we the humans always have a solution to every problem then the evolution of sex seems to be the reason as to why there are taboos in regard to sex and the cultural differences to the same act.
Advantages of sex
Ideologically, there are more than enough reasons as to why humanity should engage in sex. Sex makes a person look younger. Neuropsychologists have recently revealed that many old men and women who are very active in sex look younger mostly seven years younger to their original age. Engaging in this act many times is however not the reason as to why one will look younger but what is the reason behind engaging in the act citing the first reason to be the sex must be loving. Sex can be a fertility booster but this has been disregarded by the male genders citing its lack of factual grounds (Ryan, & Jethá, 2012). It is believed that the more a person engages in the sexual act the higher the chances that the sperms in the male gender become of greater quality. Healthy semen are found to be less than two days old before and if one abstains for more than 10 days than that of two days old is better than the 10days old semen.
Couples have been advised that if they want a healthy or a baby in general, keep the act lively and have sex at least twice a week and not limited to when the woman is ovulating. Sex can be a method to fight cold and flu, when one haves sex once or twice a week since it raises the body's level of an antibody by the name immunoglobulin A. natural steroids of high levels also known as the anti-ageing hormone, have the capability of keeping the body fit and longer (Lindenfors, 2017). When having sex, this natural steroid is highly secreted all over the body and immediately after orgasm the level of this steroid in the bloodstream moves to five times the normal original amounts. Studies which were carried out in the Australia revealed that individuals who engaged in the act at least more than thrice in a week had a 50% lower capability of dying of a diseases or any medical related reason than those individuals who only engage in sex at least once a month so sex in a way lengthens the lifetime of a person. Sex helps in burning calories in our bodies. The study shows that if a person engages in sex at least twice a week, then there is a high chance that the person will have lost at least 5,000 calories in a year (Ryan, & Jethá, 2012). Looking for more styles is a better way to keep fit by toning various muscles and keeping the limbs flexible and lean.
Many studies have been conducted as to whether engaging in sex prevents the risks of having a heart attack or not. It is very clear that the act prevents having a heart attack and also in women, orgasm prevents the risk of having heart diseases compared to a woman who never engages in the act for a month. Sex increases the attractiveness of a person since the more times you and your partner engage in sex, the higher the possibility and desire to engage in sex more (Lindenfors, 2017). Sex is believed to be the reason behind a person having a smooth face with no wrinkles. A hormone by the name oestrogen is released during sex and which basically helps the effects on the skin in smoothing out the fine lines. This is especially useful during menopause as the woman skin tends to be drier and with more wrinkles as the level of oestrogen goes down so the higher the act in a week the higher the chances of the oestrogen increasing. Sex improves a person’s self-esteem since the more a person engages in the act the more the person feels more confident (Ryan, & Jethá, 2012). Studies have indicated that couples which engage in sex more have less stress and the level of blood pressure decreased compared to individuals who abstained. Sex also keeps a person out of ever experiencing prostate cancer especially in men who are in the late 50s. Sex clears the prostate and toxins which would otherwise trigger the cancerous cells. Finally, sex makes a person feel good and happy all day long. Research indicates that individuals who had sex as the first thing in the morning were likely to have a happy day than those who woke up for a cup of coffee.
Types of forms of sex
According to the evolution of the sex, many theories have been put forward to assist explain the different sexual reproduction systems. All the sexual reproducing eukaryotic beings come from the same ancestors which were a single celled species. Many organisms reproduce sexually in regards to its normal form such as the animals, plants, and the fungi. When explaining the term evolution of sex, there are two crucial concerns which include the maintenance and the origin. The origin of sex is a complex step to experiment but the maintenance of the reproduction system is more of simpler to explain the evolution of sex. During the evolution, the multi-cellular organisms developed to cells which were specialized and others into organs and tissues which had specialized functions (Lindenfors, 2017). The cells are developed through a process called meiosis which reduces the in number the chromosomes by half in each reproductive cell and in return increases the number of cell division. This evolution is very important since the gonads were responsible for the production of the eggs and the sperms.
In reproduction and specifically human reproduction, we have both the male and the female reproduction systems. For the males, there are two vital parts where we have the testes which store the sperms and the penis. In humanity, both of these parts are located on the outside the body (Miller, 2011). Locating the testes outside the body enhances temperature regulations for the sperms which are vital requirement since the sperms need to be fewer 3degrees less than that of the general body which is 37degrees. In case the testicles are very near or located close to the body, the temperature increase can lead to the lack of conception or it can make the sperms less active and difficult to fertilize the eggs in females.
In the female reproductive system, there are also two main divisions identified as the uterus and vagina and the ova and the ovaries. The uterus and the vagina receive the semen while the ovaries will produce the ova. A part called the cervix connects the vagina to the uterus whereas the ovaries are connected to the uterus through the fallopian tubes. The ovaries are responsible for the release of the ovum which goes to the uterus through the fallopian tubes. Fertilization of the ovum by the sperm usually occurs at a specific junction called the ampullary-isthmic junction thus the reason why not every sexual intercourse will result in pregnancy. The sperm may meet with the egg through penetration and fertilize it with the assistance of an enzyme which is present in the acrosome (Miller, 2011). Fertilization normally occurs in the oviduct and can also occur in the uterus. The result after fertilization is the zygote which then is implanted onto the walls of the uterus where it begins to grow. After the fetus is big enough to survive externally, contractions in the uterus force it out through the vagina. Human reproduction normally starts with the copulation then a nine month during pregnancy and finally childbirth but due to the development in technology and lifestyle wants, it can also be successful through a process called artificial insemination (Nye, & In Powell, 2015). On the contrary, pregnancy can also be prevented through the use of certain devices such as the intrauterine and the condoms which are classified as contraceptives. The process takes place when the male reproductive parts specifically the penis is inserted into a female vagina where certain thrusts are done until ejaculation by the male takes place (Diamond, 2014). Through this process of ejaculation, the semen released contains sperms which are responsible for the fertilization of the eggs.
There are mainly three forms of sex according to research. These three forms are categorized into two namely the asexual and the sexual. Asexual type means that there is no crossing and the sexual means there is the act of crossing. For the asexual type of reproduction, one parent is the one that participates in reproduction whereas making similar progeny. In the sexual type, two parents participate in the reproduction cycle. The three main categories are the asexual, hermaphrodite, and dioecious. The main advantages of the asexual type are the fact that there is no need to look for a partner and also the high effectiveness allows the partner to reproduce at any place even when alone (Miller, 2011). Valuable combinations of the genes which develop as a result of mutation will not dissipate and they are carried from one generation to the next generation without changing in form. There are also disadvantages of the asexual type which are that the mutations are particularly the only available source of diversity that is a requirement in the natural selection.
With the development of the sexual processes, the sexual forms mainly lose the benefits of the asexual type of reproduction. Sexual type gains a new which is practically an inexhaustible dependant of variety. Recombination also is important since it provides the ability to repair any damaged genes. The evolutionary advantages of the sexual type which is recombination in nature are not clear since any useful combinations realized can be damaged or destroyed in the next generation (Miller, 2011). Both the sexual differentiations and process are also different in phenomena and they are mostly diametrically opposed. The first case increases the diversity of the genotypes and this is basically the evolutionary duties. The second case reduces it to half and there is no explanation for this kind of evolutionary duty or role.
Most of these single-celled beings in the world, for example, the bacteria survive by reproducing asexually through making as many copies of themselves as possible. In the animals and mainly the mammals, various scientists have put forward the theory of how sex evolved by there seems to be no neutral ground on these theories. Through the asexual type of reproduction, there is no much effort needed and it is more convenient since there is no need to look for a partner. About over 90 percent of the animals that are multi-celled, they use sex as a way to reproduce. Gametes are formed in the process of reproduction, it is mixed together to create a progeny which has an entirely unique genome. The theory if sex evolution has been a mystery since the process of what caused the sex to be incredibly prevalent through the animal kingdom (Diamond, 2014). Many hypotheses on the evolution of sex state that in the case of the genes getting into contact sexually between individuals, the bad genetic mutation can highly be eliminated faster than that of the asexual type of reproduction. These hypotheses have however been difficult to outline for decades now.
The main challenge is presented when the scientists try to make an experimentation of these ideas. Some of these species of animals are capable of doing both the asexual and the sexual considering the environments which they are thriving in. for example, the snails, and yeast can use either the asexual or the sexual. By studying both of these organisms, the scientists have the opportunity to compare the relative health of the asexual and sexual offspring produced. A hypothesis that is named after a wonderland character by the name Alice still suggests that sexuality is all about the elimination of chances any disease through exchanging the cell surface genes of proteins where diseases try to invade mostly. A recent factual evidence in a particular species in the New Zealand indicates that the snails which are produced sexually are more likely to get infected by a common disease or parasite compared to those that were produced asexually (Diamond, 2014). This has however reduced in the subsequent generations which can mean that those organisms or beings that can use both ways, the capability to use any have a significant benefit. Evolutionary, certain mechanisms such as the natural selection cannot be able to reveal in what ways organisms should abandon their asexual reproduction in regards to the inefficient sexual reproductions. Sex currently does exist because it is a recipe for evolution. This is an efficient way to reproduce in humans and most animals. Sex carries certain rights which similarly bring disadvantages such as in any group of animals, the sexual ones are outcompeted by the nonsexual ones. Looking at this issue biologically, sex is preferred as the efficient way for reproduction.
Besides the most difficulties which are associated with the sheer rarity of the beneficial mutations and also the closest cousins, there are added challenges such as the two types of cell division namely the meiosis and the mitosis (Diamond, 2014). During the process of mitosis, every chromosome is passed and copied from the parent cell to daughter cell. Meiosis mainly takes place in the sex cells and in particular the eggs and sperms. Meiosis normally results in the production of new combinations of parent genes with unique genotypes. Evolutionary biologists are unable to decide on a single explanation of how somatic cell which is reproduced by the mitosis while the gametes are reproduced by the meiosis (Miller, 2011). Also, the scientists have been unable to explain the reason as to why the chromosome number is always halved when the male and the female gametes meet during reproduction. Using the method of selection as per the human genetic, there can be sufficiently stronger and unpredictable environment giving rise to variations in genetic reproduction by combination or sex. In the case of continuous selection, the genetic variation was over and over again removed from the population which gives a slight chance for the variation in sex to have an advantage (Nye, & In Powell, 2015). Certain theory states that the next coming generation will be in most cases be competing for the same resources and genetically identical generations will be experiencing a more severe competition since the latter will be genetically different in utilizing the resources.
Conclusion
The evolution of sex remains and most likely will remain a mystery to those who are committed to a pure materialistic idea of the reality and also the origin of incredibly complicated meiosis procedure which makes the sex possible thereby forming an embryo which will also remain mythical to them (Bellah, 2011). At conception stage, those chromosomes that are inherited from the sperms are combined with the chromosomes which are inherited from the female eggs to give rise to a new generation or organism. A biologist would make everyone believe that undirected occurrences which are brought about by the marvelously independent procedure of halving genetic details and combinations through sexual production. This mechanism is not only a sophisticated mechanism that is important for the reproduction of a sperm and an egg but also another intricate procedure that joins the genetic details during the fertilization in order to reproduce a zygote which will later transform into an embryo. To have a belief that the materialistic procedure that is pure and dictated by the law of chances can produce such mechanisms is an explanation beyond the reasonable limits in this case (Bellah, 2011). The mere idea and the existence of the cell in humanity is one of the greatest astonishments in this world.
References
Ryan, C., & Jethá, C. (2012). Sex at dawn: How we mate, why we stray, and what it means for modern relationships. New York: Harper.
Nye, B., & In Powell, C. S. (2015). Undeniable: Evolution and the science of creation.
Bellah, R. N. (2011). Religion in human evolution: From the Paleolithic to the Axial Age. Cambridge, Mass: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press.
Diamond, J. M. (2014). Why is sex fun?: The evolution of human sexuality.
Miller, G. (2011). The mating mind: How sexual choice shaped the evolution of human nature. New York: Anchor Books.
Lindenfors, P. (2017). For whose benefit?: The biological and cultural evolution of human cooperation.
Do you think experiencing pain and suffering growing up would help build one’s character and make him/ her a better person?
Introduction
Success in many individuals in the society is determined by the character that one builds and whether one can be termed as a better person especially later in life. This means that success is mostly associated with grown up persons because the society can be able to gauge on what a person have managed to achieve in life mostly when one can be considered to be a grown-up. In most cases, what determines whether an individual can be successful is self-willingness (Brown, 75). This basically means that there is no naturally selected individuals in the society that are said they are the only one who can be successful. It takes a lot of self-determination and many hours of hard work in order for one to get the desired achievement and later succeed in his/her ambitions. However, having said, it is important to note that there are certain factors that plays a big role in determining the success or well-being of individuals. This factors include health, faily set-up, family financial muscles and childhood experiences among others (Freado, 23). This paper argues that positive childhood experiences contribute to a higher extent in factoring whether an individual will build a character that can be considered to be good or not of which helps in determining if one is good or bad. This means that pain and suffering of which can be termed as negative experience rarely helps in building a strong character later in future but only in selected few cases (Gary & David, 36).
One of the positive childhood experiences that help individuals build a strong character include the socialization that they experience and their role model perspective. According to Havemen and Barbara (1831), children who socialize with peers who are good morals end-up choosing the positive pat in life. For example, children who socialize with peers with strong religious background have the tendency of emulating positive behaviors that are taught within religious circles. This means that this type is children tend to run away from social vices that may lead them in to suffering. Examples of these social vices include engaging in crime and drug abuse. When children manage to run away from such kind of vices, they are able to use most of their time in doing constructive things such as engaging in their studies or even various different artistic disciplines (Brown, 77). Engaging in such positive doings are the ones that plays a crucial role in building and shaping ones positive character. However, those children who engage with the wrong peers end-up in finding themselves in a life of suffering and pain of which does not build their character but only ruin it. When it is comes to role models, it is important to note that children tend to copy much from parents and those that are near them on day to day basis. This means that most of the parents who provide support to their children whether emotional to financial ten to play a big role in helping them build a positive character compared to those that do not offer such kind of support. Painter and David (525) notes that family structure is vital of children achievement. This means that children who grow-up with both parents have a high probability of achieving good grades in schools having successful family set-up of their own compared to those who live with single-parents. Therefore, it is evident that a person’s character is shaped by who they socialize with during their childhood and the role models they always have (Freado, 24). Those who have positive socialization end-up having a less painful and suffering children and this contributes to their building of good character and better life in their adulthood.
Having a caring caregiver consequently impacts the life of a person positively, because the person gets to understand the right moral values to live under. Moreover, having both parents is very significant for a child because he or she can be taught by the both parents on how to be able to conduct himself or herself. On the other hand, it is more significant to have a father figure as a parent rather than having a father who does not participate in undertaking his family duties. This basically affects the behavior of a person, simply because the person tends to lack the knowledge of how to be able to deal with certain issues, particularly if the person is a man. This is therefore likely to hinder one from being successful in life, and this is usually attributed to emulating the type of life that one’s father may have led in the past. On the other hand, children who have grown up in families which have consequently experienced a lot of challenges, tend to be disciplined (Brown, 79). They tend to be disciplined in many ways, such as morally, financially and socially. This is mainly because they understand where they are from a thing which makes them to have discipline wherever they go (Robert & Barbara, 45). When a child who is born out of poverty, is likely to work very hard in school, as compared to a child who is from a rich family. A poor child therefore takes whatever he or she does seriously, knowing that if he or she does not make it either in education or whatever he or she might be doing, then there will be no other chance. The child may therefore work very hard in order to be able to perform better. When it comes to finances, a poor child would always be keen with his or her own money, since the person knows that in case of poor spending he or she might run out of finances and become poor again. However, some people may pass through a lot of challenges but when they become successful, they tend to be immoral and proud (Freado, 25). These kind of people usually humble themselves before they actually become successful. The feeling of being proud is in most cases usually brought about by the feeling of being successful and the feeling of being better as compared to others. It is therefore a fact that experiencing pain when growing up really helps in molding a person into becoming successful.
Works Cited
Waln K. Brown. Resiliency and the Mentoring Factor: Reclaiming Children and Youth. 2004.
Megan. Freado. Resilience: One Family’s Story: Voice of Youth. 2011.
Havemen, Robert and Barbara Wolfe. "The Determinants of Children's Attainments: A Review of Methods and Findings." Journal of Economic Literature, vol. 33, no. 4, Dec. 1995, pp. 1829-1878. EBSCOhost,
Painter, Gary and David I. Levine. "Family Structure and Youths' Outcomes." Journal of Human Resources, vol. 35, no. 3, Summer2000, pp. 524-549. E
Budget Crisis in Public Funding for Elementary Schools in the state of California
Introduction
The lack of enough funding for elementary schools in California is bound to affect the education system given that education goals at the college level are largely influenced by early learning. The problem of elementary school funding can be attributed to the budget crisis in the state that has previously seen budget cut for public school funds. The lack of enough funding in these schools will compound the challenge previously experienced in terms of poor achievement by students and low quality teaching services (Cody & Roller,1). California has a large student population and most come from low income households which indicate that there is relatively a high level of need than many other states. A previous move by the state administration to cut the funding for public school has affected the education of children from such families and even the latest effort of increasing the funds has not yet born fruits.
California elementary schools are faced with some unique challenges that involve educating more than 6.2 million children a number that represents about an eighth of all students in the nation. In addition, the state has the biggest share of English learners most of whom come from the low income households (EdSource, 1). Although the state uses the biggest share of its budget in funding education, its level of per-pupils spending is among the lowest in the entire country .This fact if also confounded by the fact that the state is far behind in regard to student performance and enough educational staff. Moreover, these schools depend on a funding that is low and unstable, which is threatened further by high retirement cost and termination of short-term tax increments (California Association of Teachers, 1). The unstable funding affecting the elementary schools goes back the 2007-08 economic recessions that hit hard the California state where the budget for the public school fell by 19 percent. Due to the cuts that were introduced during this recession , the states per pupil spending fell to about $9,892 which was 39th in the country and lower than U.S average by $ 2,000 (Tatum,1). When adjusted for other varied living costs, the spending levels are lower than this. In addition to the lower per-pupil spending in comparison to the national average, a large portion of the state’s budget is utilized in funding K-12 (Tatum,1). Given that there is a set percentage of state funds which the schools’ budget should receive as a guarantee , it means that the least levels of funding always rise when the revenues are high and falls when revenues falls in the state.
The shortfall in funding of California State Teacher’s Retirement Benefit system is also an impending threat to the future of the elementary school budgets at the district level. The low spending per-student in California is indicated by the reduced number of teachers in these schools which means that pupils experience bigger class sizes, have to share limited resources with more pupils and the teachers will have less time with every student (Rogers’s et. al 252). The budget crisis also means that supporting stall in these schools such as administrators and counselors are also in low numbers (Oliff et. al 1). The relatively low number of school staff worsen the higher needs the state’s students. The need is also indicated by the fact there are many students who come low income households and hence, they qualify for reduced or free lunch. The students in these elementary schools have more educational needs and require more resources which seem to be lacking in California. The lack of sufficient resources is also indicated by the gap in educational achievement among pupils with different socio-economic and ethnic backgrounds, since the state has wide population diversity for the students (Callmaters, 1). For instance, White and Asian students are more likely to graduate from the elementary schools than Hispanic and Black students while those from low-income households rank quite below the average.
The widening gaps in achievement for the pupils has resulted to the shifting of funding to those with most needs and less focus is placed towards improving the overall quality of education. It means that budget cuts at the state level results to schools being forced to reducing educational services provided, increase the local revenue with an aim of covering the aforementioned gap and hence affecting the level quality education. Since the fall of property values during recession, it has been very challenging for the school districts to raise considerable additional revenue from taxes on local property without increasing the tax rates (Leachman, 1). This present budgetary and political challenge even when the economy is experiencing good times in terms of growth. Even though there has been increased budget allocation due to increased property taxes and economic gains, the elementary schools are experiencing times finding qualified teachers due to past higher turnover and low recruitment. The increment in the budgetary allocation will only remain as long as the economy remains healthy and any recession will force schools to once again cut costs and lay off the teachers.
So far, the discussion has served to show that the budgetary crisis has affected the quality of education in California. The reduced funding has affected the preparation of pupils for high school and college education especially those from low income earners, the Hispanic and Black households (Coley& Bruce, 1). It has also affected the size of the class so that it has been hard to reduce the elementary school class size which is important in improving child-teacher contact and education service delivery (Terrien et. al 12). A significant impact of the budget crises is lack of previous recruitment of educational support staffs and school teachers which means that learning process is greatly affected. The future of the country relies on quality of schools. Instead of increasing budgetary allocation to elementary school which would go supporting reforms such as recruitment and retention of qualified teachers, reduction in class size and expansion of access to improved early education, the state has been doing the opposite. Lack of enough funding in elementary schools weakens their capacity for creativity and intelligence development of the future professionals and entrepreneurs (Albert Shanker Institute,1). It is common logic that funding plays the most crucial role in educational outcomes. As such, children from low income households who are enabled to attended schools with enough funding are more likely to perform well and progress through the necessary educational stages from elementary schools level to college level.
The trends in budget cutting are of great concern to the prospects of the country’s future. The health of nation’s economy and population’s life quality will rely heavily on intellectual capacity and developed creativity of these children (Darling-Hammond, 1). If elementary schools are neglected through reduced resource allocation, the future is diminished as a consequence. The budget crisis also impedes significant initiatives on education reform at a crucial time when people with higher level of analytical and technical skills are needed to drive the growth of the economy. However, the opposite is true as increases budgetary allocation will improve the quality of education and ensure that education is accessible to all children from a diverse population in California. The educational gap between the high income and low income households, and among the Asian, White, Black and Hispanic population will be reduced considerably. In addition, the state will be able to support professional development, improve on teacher quality and interventions for these children to increase school readiness and turn-around the elementary schools that have lowest achievements. Improving the quality of teachers goes a long way in determining the success the of the children elementary schools (Gomez et.al 171). The budget crisis has made the achievement of these tasks quite difficult and especially teacher retention through supplementary wages and other motivations.
In conclusion, resolving the budgetary crisis is the way to go in resolving funding challenges to the elementary schools. The lack of enough funding for elementary schools in California is bound to affect the education system given that education goals at the high school level are largely influenced by the early learning. The problem of cutting school funding affects mostly the children from low income households and their educational achievements. Lack of enough resources also affects the recruitment of high quality teachers and support staff for these schools. Solving the budget crisis will enable introduction of reforms that can offer appropriate results.
Baker, Bruce D. "Does money matter in education?." Albert Shanker Institute (2016).
California Association of Teachers. School Funding: Issues & Action. 2017. Available at: http://www.cta.org/Issues-and-Action/School-Funding.aspxCallmaters, Judy .L. Schools Enjoy Funding Boost, But Long-Term Costs and Recession Worries Loom.2016. Available at: https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/01/31/schools-enjoy-rise-in-state-funding-but-pension-costs-and-recession-worries-loom-large/
Coley, Richard J., and Bruce Baker. Poverty and education: Finding the way forward. Educational Testing Service Center for Research on Human Capital and Education, 2013.
Darling-Hammond, Linda. The flat world and education: How America's commitment to equity will determine our future. Teachers College Press, 2015.
Gomez, Rebecca E., Sharon Lynn Kagan, and Emily A. Fox. "Professional development of the early childhood education teaching workforce in the United States: An overview." Professional Development in Education 41.2 (2015): 169-186.
Leachman, Michael, and Chris Mai. "Most states still funding schools less than before the recession." Washington, DC: Center on Budget and Policy Priorities (2014).
Leachman, Michael, et al. "Most states have cut school funding, and some continue cutting." Center on Budget and Policy Priorities (2016): 4.
Oliff, Phil, Chris Mai, and Michael Leachman. "New school year brings more cuts in state funding for schools." Center on Budget and Policy Priorities 4 (2012).
Rogers, John, Rhoda Freelon, and Melanie Bertrand. "Overburndened and underfunded: California Public Schools amidst the great recession." REMIE Multidisciplinary Journal of Educational Research 2.2 (2012): 152.
Terrien, Frederic W., and Donald L. Mills. "The effect of changing size upon the internal structure of organizations." American Sociological Review 20.1 (1955): 11-13.
Leadership plays an important role of enhancing process presentation in every social setting and particularly in educational backgrounds. This means that process outcomes is dependent on the nature of leadership. Evidently, oppressive leadership characterizes unviable approaches of curbing and managing behaviors of deviance in the society which in turn hinder purposeful objectives of a system. For example, most schools have been using traditional methods of punishments to control behavioral deviances among the students. Leaderships in schools have been applying forms such as suspensions to discourage unethical behaviors which as a result lead to unconditional outcomes since they impact a student’s objectives. Traditional forms embrace unreliable approaches that in most cases develop notions that disregard instances of morality thus; fueling wickedness in the society at large. Nevertheless, modern-day society has brought to the fore conditional approaches of regulating dishonesty and at the same time instilling elements of morality in different social backgrounds. Social healing for example is among the considerable approaches of enriching social effectiveness.
Arguably, traditional punishments characterize some significant benefits as far as management of social immorality is concerned. Therefore, leaders in different backgrounds preferably school systems consider harshness as an effective approach of demonstrating social outrages towards particular behaviors. Additionally, some repute its appropriateness on the basis of the need to regulate continuance of offensive deviances by limiting social make over. Leaders commonly relate a punishment to traditional forms in order generate social fear and extensively due to their immediacy. Schools for example suspend students who violate system legitimacy so as to limit future spread of illegitimate behaviors. Ordinary leaderships in such cases critique angry punishments as viable methods of curbing illegitimacy in public institutions with immediacy since such punishments unarguably facilitate immediate management of social irregularities. Regardless of its beneficial attributes, traditional approaches include distinctive forms that elevate development of differing ideologies among social groups and so, entertaining social differences and extensively limiting goal achievement. The primary element that denotes inappropriateness of traditional punishments is linked to its possibility of destructing effective interaction between leaders and society members. These punishments hinder socialization and as a result limiting chances of goal achievement. It is evident that social interaction between school leadership and students for example plays an important role on reference to goal achievement. Oppressive leadership therefore disconnects social links between the parties and in so doing discouraging process continuance. For instance, suspensions in schools discourage students from accomplishing certain goals in life since in actuality the punishment limits practice involvement. Nevertheless, the leadership has unveiled the potential of causing moral decay. The defined forms of criminal punishments are likely to cause aspects of social inequality by communicating notions of social differences such as racism.
In contrast, restorative approach posits equitable strategies of resolving unlawful practices on the basis of social integrity. This approach emphasizes application of strategic mechanisms on the bounds of desires to facilitate community goodness by enhancing compassion between conflicting parties. The primarily aim of restorative strategy is to enhance social understanding in order to harmonize the society at large. Restorative approach is an effective method of bringing about longstanding solutions since it primarily emphasizes on social guidance which highly modifies victims of offensive behaviors for a better future. Restorative approach is commonly uncertain in situations demanding immediate solutions. The approach is time-consuming since it involves systematic reconciliation between disagreeing parties. Nevertheless, the process is may be inconvenienced by various factors such as individual attitudes which changes from time to time hence hindering resolutions.
Conclusion
In conclusion, the foregoing illustration communicates the important role of leadership in the society. It evidences that leaders play a very significant role as far as resolution of societal differences are concerned. Leaders in various social backgrounds needs to apply embrace empathetic mechanisms in order to cause effective change in the society. For that reason, it is important to state that resolution of social problems necessitate restorative leaders since they mostly guarantee accommodating changes in future unlike traditional leaders who clarify unreliable mechanisms of handling social differences and hence positing significant threats to the future of society.
My favorite sport is swimming, it has been my favorite sport since I was a child. Currently I am looking forward to motivating people to like swimming, because swimming is an excellent activity which keeps one healthy and fit. According to World Health Organization, “Lack of physical activity is a significant risk factor for non-communicable diseases (NCDs) such as stroke, diabetes, and cancer. Less people in different parts of the world are not taking physical activities seriously. Globally, 23% of adults and 81% of teenagers are not active enough” (Echeverría, 40). Swimming is one of the best sports in the world, and two thirds of the people in the world like to swimming. In order for one to be able to swim, he or she needs to visit a place which has a swimming pool (VanderMeer, 23). The University of Arizona however, has a special swimming pool and a famous swimming club, where both the members of the club, and the students go for swimming.
The University of Arizona has an excellent swimming club, since the club has both a gym, a Sauna and a swimming pool (Echeverría, 41). This is my favorite club at the University of Arizona, since its facilities are good, and the services offered are also good. In addition, the water in the swimming remains at its constant temperature regardless of the weather changes and the change in seasons. The pool has a 20m racing track, each track has its own depth, and it is therefore the decision of the swimmer to choose the track which he or she is comfortable with. The water in the pool is usually recycled after each and every day’s swimming activities, this therefore ensures the safety of the swimmer, since the water is regularly treated before people are allowed to swim. The University of Arizona’s swimming club is a highly competitive collegiate club team, which has been operating for the past 15 years. The activities in the swimming club are divided into two seasons, which are the spring and the fall semesters (Kennedy, 60). Meanwhile Swimming team in the swimming club, has a very great history, since it has been able to win a lot of words in different championships. They team therefore hopes to grow, and be able to achieve greater heights. .However, they do their routines based on the distribution of the commitment, skills and levels. They practice three to four times a week at the university of Arizona campus recreation pool. There are many professional coaches who are responsible for coaching them (Echeverría, 43). These coaches therefore help in providing the best swimming skills, hence helping one in being able to effectively swim without any problems. Different swimming techniques are therefore taught, such as the back stroke, which can also enable to become a professional swimmer who can be able to participate in major swimming competitions.
If people want to more profoundly acknowledge swimming club, then they can visit the swimming club’s website. The website provides a lot of information concerning the Swimming club and the activities offered in the swimming club (VanderMeer, 24). Moreover, the swimming club also has a Facebook page, where the management posts a lot of events which are taking place in the swimming club. For example, sophomore Betta, is an Italian, who is also my favorite swimmer, she is therefore in the school to study molecular and cellular biology. She is not only good at swimming but also she is good at biology, where she has majored in molecular and cellular biology. Swimming club is a great family including practice and studying place. After one finishes practicing, then he or she can study together with his or he friends at the club (Kennedy, 61). Secondly, the swimming club usually also posts a lot of videos of the swimming events taking place in the club, those attracting more people to join the club.
As a member, I have the authority to swim as more as I like, with other students who are also members of the swimming club. The university has a swimming organization which is my favorite organization since it enables students to be able to be able to swim guaranteed they become members of the club. Our swimming organization is so sophisticated and versatile that it contains all aspects related to swimming. If I want to improve my swimming skill I can hire a private coach to teach me. Moreover If I feel uncomfortable during swimming, I can consult with the professional doctor in swimming team .If I want to swimming with my friends, I could also reserve a special lane for which we have the freedom to play or make a small swimming competition without considering interpreting others (Kennedy, 61). Sometimes the swimming team also would play movies for students for all students for University of Arizona where we could lying on the floater in the swimming pool. It is a really relaxing and fun recreational activity for me.
From my perspective, Swimming is the best sport in the world. When people swim they exercise the whole body including arms and legs as well as lung (Echeverría, 47). The lung is the extremely indispensable organ for people, since it is the pillar of respiratory system. For people who need to improve their breathing rates, swimming is the most effective and prevailing method (VanderMeer, 24). As for me, I smoke a lot, and since it harms my lungs, swimming is therefore the best remedy, as it allows me to be able to control my smoking habits, while conducting a very effective exercise.
I interviewed my friend named TIANYI Chen about swimming. He is really good at swimming and is really proficient in swimming theory and skills. He therefore gives me lots of constructive advice for swimming (Ferraresi, 50). He likes swimming because swimming gives him robust body and keeps him in fit. His hometown is located near a sea, going to the beach and swimming in the sea is really convent for him. His mother sent him to the swimming club and where she also hired him a personal trainer, while at the age of 10 years. As soon as he jumped in the water, he enjoys the water the same a fish enjoys swimming in water (VanderMeer, 27). Yang Sun is his favorite swimmer, Sun Yang is a Chinese Olympic and a world record holder he is a very competitive swimmer. In 2012, he became the first Chinese swimmer to win an Olympic gold medal in swimming. In 2016, he became the first swimmer in history to have an Olympic gold medal in the 200, 400, and 1500 meters freestyle events. Sun is the most decorated Chinese swimmer of all time, with a total of 26 medals. What i admire most about him is his persistence and perseverance, ever since he joined the swimming club, he hasn’t miss any of the practice and he keeps exercising everyday no matter how busy or tired he is. As Thomas Alva Edison said, Genius is one per cent inspiration, ninety-nine per cent perspiration. His favorite swimming position is free style. I saw him practice once, I was deeply impressed by his calmness. According to him, the trick of being so calm even if he falls behind his opponent is concentration and confidence (Echeverría, 50). Be confident of himself, trust himself, never give up and fight until the last moment. There is no doubt that swimming as a career can become difficult and frustrated sometime, luckily, he has supportive family and teammate who are willing to try everything to cheer him up.
In the nutshell, I enjoyed this experience that I join in swimming club. Not only can I be able to make a lot of friends who come from different countries, but I can also be able to learn new swimming skills.
Work Cited
Echeverría, Darius V. Aztlán Arizona: Mexican American Educational Empowerment, 1968-1978. , 2014. Internet resource.
VanderMeer, Philip R. Desert Visions and the Making of Phoenix, 1860-2009. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 2010. Internet resource.
Yen, Christopher, Will Scheff, Lauren J. Kennedy, and Adam Burns. Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona. Pittsburgh, PA: College Prowler, 2005. Print.
Kennedy, Becky. My Msadventures: Multiple Sclerosis : It's Not Just a Disease-It's an Adventure. , 2013. Print.
Ferraresi, Michael. Insiders' Guide to Phoenix & Scottsdale. Guilford, Conn: Insiders Guide, 2012. Internet resource.
Regie Routman is a renowned international educator who has been working or the past many years in order to come up with possible ways of improving literacy instruction. She has been able to a lot in the field of literacy. She has impacted many positively, through providing ways through which one can be able to read and write without any problems at all (Routman, 2014). As an experienced class teacher, Regie has been able to understand the problems which most students tend to face, thus limiting them from being able to achieve greater heights. She has used different approaches in order to be able to support students who are usually regarded as slow learners. Regie’s efforts have been noticed, after she was able to help a lot of people, who thought they could not be able to make it in the field of education. She therefore provides both the students and the teachers with proper ways of studying and teaching respectively. This has therefore made her to be able to achieve her dreams of improving and changing the perception of most people towards those students who are usually regarded as slow learners. Regie has also been able to write different books, since is an author, most of which are good at improving the concentration of students, and teaching them proper reading and revising habits. In addition, she has also been able to come up with books which are responsible for providing teachers with skills of effectively passing knowledge to their students regardless of whether they are slow learners or first learners.
Regie has come up with a digital based literacy project which represents her teaching demonstrations in schools, and it therefore seeks to improve literacy development needs among different students (Routman, 2014). This project is known as Regie’s residence, and it has therefore been able to boost students’ achievements in schools across Canada and the US. This has therefore seen students being able to perform better, through raising their scores. She is currently for other areas where she can be able to help students to achieve higher grades. In addition, those who participate in her residencies, are able to understand ways through which they can be able to teach and asses the activities which take place within the curriculum.
Through the use of ideal learning model, teachers have become skillful in exploiting demonstrations and other types of shared experiences (Routman, 2014). This therefore allows them to be able to handover responsibilities to students, which can easily allow them to be able practice as independent work. Moreover, it has also enabled teachers to be more confident, particularly when handling topics which seem to be very hard, and thus making it easier for them to break the topics down, hence providing the students with an easy way of understand such topics. In addition, teachers therefore make it easier for students to be able to read, understand and even concentrate, due to the teaching techniques which they have been able to incorporate. Most students have therefore found it easy to read, since they are taught in a manner which seeks to allow them to be able to enjoy the lessons, thus gaining interest in reading, a move which translates into improved grades.
The techniques which Regie uses are therefore able to impact both teachers and students, thus making them to be the most effective. Regie has therefore been able to change the perception of most teachers, that the ability to be able to understand what one reads and perform better, is a gift. She has been able to change this perception through providing possible ways through which teachers can be able to pass knowledge effectively to the student (Routman, 2014). Most people tend to say that reading is one thing, and passing the exams and understanding what one reads is an attitude. This is however not the case with Regie, as she believes that the brain of all human beings can be able to understand each and everything they read. The main problem may therefore be the things which alter a person from effectively reading, thus liming the person from being able to understand what he or she is actually reading.
Regie, therefore believes that if a student is in class, then there is nothing which is likely to affect the concentration of the student. This is therefore the work of the teacher to make sure that he or she passes the knowledge to the students in such a way that they can all be able to understand. A teacher need not therefore concentrate on some students, particularly those who perform better, as opposed to those who perform poorly (Routman, 2014). A teacher may affect the students understanding, through using methods which might make it hard for the student to be able to understand. If some students understand whatever a teaching is teaching, then this does not mean that those who do not understand are slow learners. The teacher may be having teaching problems, which make it hard for the students to be able to understand the message being passed to them.
Regie has therefore been able to transform teaching through linking the connections between reading and writing. She therefore advises teachers to develop beliefs that their students can be able to achieve more than what they are currently achieving. This consequently motivates most teachers thus making them to advise their students on how to read effectively and how to also understand whatever they are reading (Routman, 2014). In addition, teachers are also given techniques through which they can be able to make it easier for students to be able to read and understand the topics. There are those subjects such as mathematics, which are usually perceived to be very hard by most students, a thing which consequently makes them to fail in mathematics. Teachers need therefore advice their students how to be able to perform better in those subjects which are perceived to be very hard particularly by their peers, hence making them not to even read due to the perceptions that they have regarding those subjects.
Through the use of Regies Optimal Learning Model, teachers can be able to plan their lessons, and asses their ways of teaching without any problems at all. Teachers can therefore be able to understand where they have not been able to teach in the right way, thus changing their teaching habits in order to improve the understanding of the students (Routman, 2014). Moreover, the model aims at improving the independence of the students, thus making them to rely more on themselves than on their teachers. If students are able to rely on themselves than on the teachers, then they can be able to achieve more, since this will make them to easily understand whatever they will be reading. This has therefore seen most students being able to read ahead of the teacher, thus making them to understand whatever the teacher will teaching. Moreover, the levels of performance have also improved, since most students have been able to change their perceptions against education, thus striving in order to pass highly.
Through the use of responsive teaching by teachers, the levels of performance of students have also gone up, since most students now understand why they have to study (Routman, 2014). They have therefore given up on things which tend to limit them from concentrating in their studies, hence focusing on improving their grades. Most teachers have therefore been able to improve their relationships with students, hence being able to easily provide support particularly when students find it hard to solve certain problems. Students have therefore been motivated by teachers to work very hard, in order to be able to achieve greater heights in future.
Teachers also apply new ideas, in order to enable students to be able to read effectively to also understand what their obstacles are (Routman, 2014). This has therefore helped in making most students to be able to avoid involving themselves in things which might make them to lose focus. These things may therefore include peer pressure, whereby students tell others that education is not everything in life, thus making them not to see the need in working hard. Students have now been able to incorporate new techniques into their ways of learning, which allow them to be able to understand how to read effectively, and how to avoid their obstacles.
Reference
Routman, R. (2014). Read, write, lead: Breakthrough strategies for schoolwide literacy success.
Wikipedia is a reliable source but not an academic source. The scientific articles are accurate and thus there is no reason to distrust the articles. This can be a slight basis in other types of articles as people who are much interested in the topics write them. Other people are much focused and especially in academia and have argued on several viewpoints. Leaving out information seems as a form of prejudice. The longer the articles tend to derive information from other Wikipedia articles, the more people believe that the articles are accurate. It is fine in using Wikipedia to get good ideas but I would prefer to the use of websites and the sources cited in the article. One is eligible to use the sources as part of the cited sources or to derive information from them. However, reference of the Wikipedia in study credentials is improper since Wikipedia is not a convincing or an academic resource (Rys, Meyer & Sebranek, 88).
This is true in view of that each person can revise the data derived from it at any moment and though many mistakes are instantly rigid, some mistakes remain unknown. Wikipedia has good commentaries and attributed ones used for deeper research than common. When doing an educational explore, you should be very careful about the use of Wikipedia. As its individual qualification affirms that data on Wikipedia, contribute to anybody who need to place information and to the professor of the advertisement not considered (Rys, Meyer & Sebranek, 91).
Consumers of Wikipedia may understand outmoded information posted by someone who is not and a specialist in the ground or someone who gives mistaken data. Several years ago, a student wrote on a topic about the confines of Wikipedia and placed an imaginary admission for himself describing a certain mayor in a town in China. Years later, when one types his forename, or does a theme search on Wikipedia for the mayors of China, you get unreal answers. Some information on Wikipedia may seem accurate and this is because the experts do not review the entries on the sites and thus there is a significant danger in depending on the source for academic essays (Rys, Meyer & Sebranek, 95).
The reality that Wikipedia is not a dependable academic foundation does not signify that it is incorrect using the orientation resources when trying to disseminate you with a certain topic. The Wikipedia library piles with preliminary resources and the librarians in Harvard can direct you to use sources in dissimilar grounds. These resources can be helpful when one needs setting information from an inscription area (Rys, Meyer & Sebranek, 104).
The history of Higher education
This topic tries to show the limitations of Wikipedia. Wikipedia is an online encyclopedia that a disseminated network of volunteers compiles. Students degrade the site as being full of imprecision. The founder of the Wikipedia site Jimmy Wales sends a message to the college students to stop using the resource for class projects or for serious research. He claims that he gets many emails in a week from students who complain that Wikipedia has messed their academic grades. He states that the students complain to fail due to the wrong information derived from Wikipedia and the citing it. He asserts that he do not sympathize with them and recommends them not to cite the encyclopedia (Meyer, 82)
The managers of the encyclopedia put a fact together that professors can give the students and explain that Wikipedia is not an accurate source. The source is good buy students have to be careful with it in that it gives enough knowledge on what the purpose of the student is. Wales continues to explain that Wikipedia is a model for many uses. I f a person is reading a novel; they can use Wikipedia to get a rapid overview of the account event in order to understand the context (Meyer, 87).
As Wikipedia has become more popular to students, some professors are putting their great concern about the use of the online encyclopedia. These professors are complaining about the lack of accuracy in the completion of projects, have also discouraged, and hindered students from using it. As instructors were in the approach of reducing the distribution of misinformation, they claimed that though Wikipedia has some importance, mainly on the significance of giving students citable basis, it is not a suitable foundation of reference (Accardi, Drabinski &Kumbier, 184).
The group concluded that there was an agreement result on the matter after conferring the harms that the lecturers saw. They proofed that students cited incorrect information from Wikipedia in papers and in tests. These professors noted that students offer similar incorrect information from Wikipedia. There was a discussion from the department aiming in banning students from using Wikipedia, but it does not seem suitable. Many Wikipedia sources have suitable bibliographies and this may be a main reason to ignore the interdict (Accardi, Drabinski &Kumbier, 189).
Wyatt claims that the business branch did not give any penalties for referring to Wikipedia and the main aim of the strategy was to teach and not to be castigatory. He said that he distrusted that a paper discarded for using a Wikipedia annotation but the scholars told not to do it due to many violations that result from abridged grades and failures. The significant approach that professors wish to converse to all students who are taking lessons and presenting their work into the business division in prospect is that they quote Wikipedia at their risk (Accardi, Drabinski &Kumbier, 193).
He highlighted that the opposition of the group in Wikipedia was not online in life, but unedited in nature and said that the students want to learn to go for excellence data. A certain English professor at the California University adopted a rule that Wikipedia is not suitable as the main and only reference for anything that is vital to an argument. In putting more stress in his basis, he claimed to have read a paper about the connection between structuralism and postmodernism where the references were from Wikipedia articles and the writer was not aware that there was the require to understand writing a main work or the significant labor (Accardi, Drabinski &Kumbier, 201).
Wikipedia officers agrees and gives a sensible policy that Wikipedia is the perfect place to create any investigate and get a depiction of what the topic talks about but it is not an trustworthy resource. Thus, they recommended that scholars confirm the information they get in Wikipedia alongside other foundations. As a result, it is important to perform and mention an innovative resource when writing an essay or a test. It is not wise for students at the institution of higher education level to quote a Wikipedia source (Accardi, Drabinski &Kumbier, 221).
Conclusion
On my great concern, there is no information from Wikipedia and other similar sources seem accurate. The information simply takes the scholars in the wrong way from the approach of gaining data knowledge. Students face a challenge of information having poor eminence. Creating an advanced opportunity to the scholars is to teach them how to compare other sources and Wikipedia giving the results on which source could be trusted. The aim of learning these limitations in the history of higher education would be advancing the students skills with the decisive thinking skills to review.
Work cited
Accardi, Maria T, Emily Drabinski, and Alana Kumbier. Critical Library Instruction: Theories and Methods. Duluth, Minn: Library Juice Press, 2010. Internet resource.
Meyer, Susan. Jimmy Wales and Wikipedia. New York: The Rosen Publishing Group, Inc, 2013. Internet resource.
Van, Rys J, Verne Meyer, and Patrick Sebranek. The Research Writer. Boston, Mass: Houghton Mifflin, 2011. Print.
In recent years, many students have been graduating with a large sum of debt to reimburse their college education and this has been a demotivating factor for getting a college degree. Multiple researches have found that students attend college knowing that they will end up being in debt, and this is in no doubt ruins their college experience. This literature will investigate whether a college degree is worthwhile in our current day and age. Moreover, this literature review will discuss the cost of attending university, the importance and stress of their education, as well as the less costly alternative forms of education. Since most students encounter the issue of being in debt, online education comes in as a less costly alternative opportunity for a college education without the need for debt or a much smaller amount of debt. In spite of the high costs of a college degree, the stress that students go through, along with further negative factors, a college degree is definitely still worth it as it will pay off in the future.
College tuition in the united states has been on the rise for the past 30 years. It has risen by around 400% (London, 2013) and many college students have no other option but to take a loan to finance their education and end up with a large sum of debt that has to be paid off. Daly & Bengali (2014), Kent (2010), and London (2013) all agree that college tuition is very expensive. Although some agree that a college degree will in fact bring in higher lifetime earnings, many students tend to suffocate under debts after graduating until the age of 40 (Daly & Bengali, 2014). Kent (2010) on the other hand, argues that a two-year associate degree would be an affordable alternative to a full four-year undergraduate degree. On the contrary, Daly & Bengali argue that the money and time spent on college are time and money very well spent as it will provide higher lifetime earnings. Moreover, according to Busteed (2013), some surveys proved that due to the current economic downturn, not all college graduates are finding jobs with the specifications they are looking for. That includes the salaries that they get paid, or the exact job description that they are looking for. This further proves his allegation that right now, a college education is not worth the money or time put into it. Furthermore, according to studies conducted by Blumenstyk (2015), only less than half of the graduate students value college. Most current students and recent alumni also have a very negative view of attending college due to the debts they have to pay off in the future but still attend due to social expectations. However, students value college education in that the 2015 poll found that alumni college education is important despite the high cost and debts. However, students are interested being engaged in internship and long-term project which will assist them in gaining experience despite the cost.
Over the years, a college degree has proven it’s value.Daly & Bengali (2014), Kent (2010), Blumenstyk (2015), and Carlson (2013) all agree that college is certainly worth the time and money. According to Kent (2010), students who come from disadvantaged and less financially able families benefit the most out of a college degree as it will provide them with a wider variety of jobs to choose from. Kent (2010) adds that for disadvantaged people, a college degree is a big achievement, where they can improve their living conditions and financial status immensely, whereas for privileged students, a college degree is considered to be something that they are expected to earn by their family and society they are situated in, and is a minimum requirement. This leads to higher and constantly increasing earnings in the future. Moreover, Kent (2010) also claims that the higher the college degree earned, the higher the earnings in the future. London (2013) claims that not only does university provide a student with a college degree that will land them high earning jobs in the future, but also the students benefit from exposure to different cultures, interaction with people from different backgrounds, and a sense of self esteem after graduating. However, that doesn’t mean that university is in fact for everyone. London (2013) counter claims this argument by saying that college benefits some more than others, as some people cannot cope with the expenses and total experience of the university. Additionally, some college graduates end up unemployed while others work in fields completely unrelated to their major.
Although these findings were based off legitimate surveys, they all have strengths and weaknesses. Daly & Bengali’s surveys included data and facts from trusted sources. This positively impacts their research and analysis. Moreover, these surveys study people on a long term basis for about 40 years. On the other hand, students with more than a four-year college degree were omitted from the survey, which comes in as a weakness. Also, higher education does not necessarily mean that the person will earn a higher income. Moving on to Kent (2010), the surveys used include reliable sources for the data provided, the people studied were followed up for twenty-nine years to assure accurate results, and covers a wide range of education levels. Although Kent’s (2010) surveys presented credible evidence, it also has some weaknesses. The survey conducted covered 13,000 people in total in a population of over 300 million people. This is an insufficient number to provide accurate results. Additionally, this survey was conducted only in one state, which displays a weakness. London (2013) also presented himself as an example to support some of his arguments while demonstrating counter arguments and refutations to further support his arguments. He touches the western culture and asserts that it holds essential principles which are beauty and virtue and these are achieved through high education. However, despite the important facts from the article, it has a weakness by failing to conduct a survey which could assist in getting real facts. The author relies on literature review from other authors namely; Bennet and Wilezol.
Carlson (2013) uses evidence to analyze the cost of college, the debt burden and why college education worth it. In addition, he provides recommendation to curb the challenges of debt and to reinforce college education. However, the two studies conducted do not provide enough data to support the argument. Blumenstyk (2015) derives his data from a national survey and this helps to draw a strong conclusion that college education worth it. The data may be applied in institutions to help them value education and implement mentoring programs. However, colleges involved in the survey published their report online and this means the reports might not be credible. Busteed (2013) research is based on questionnaire and draws a conclusion on how people view education. From the research, he derives important facts that people value education for their well-being and for the purpose of living a meaningful life. His research involved worldwide and 22million employees. However, he touches on issues which affect life but fails to offer solution to the debt burden.
College tuition has been on the rise over the last years and this has been very problematic for most of the students attending college in the United States. Some analysts like Daly & Bengali (2014), Kent (2010), and London (2013) agree that college tuition is way too high for regular students to handle but on the contrary believe that overall, the benefits of attending college outweigh the drawbacks. Moreover, some analysts also agree that university is not for everyone. London (2013) believes that artistic students do not have to attend college as they can put their efforts into their hobby to reach success. He also adds that there are several other alternatives for students who cannot afford the full college experience and explains that online courses are not only very affordable, but also stress free. Carlson (2013), Blumenstyk (2015) and Busteed (2013) draw conclusion from their research that college worth it there is a high demand of college degree. To achieve higher societal economic outcomes and society and individual benefit, a bachelor degree is much important. It is important to value the college and understand that it is a steppingstone and a good investment. Government, Boards of trustees and students should ask themselves ‘is there any benefit in college education?’ This is a fundamental question and everyone should know that college education is a path for long-term success, career well-being, wealth and happiness (Busteed, 2013). To achieve this, higher education must be implemented as it has a lifelong impact. How can people get a highest-paying job and contribute to a community without a degree? As far as better jobs, community development and high living standard are concerned, it is important to value a college degree.
References
Daly, M.C., & Bengali, L. (2014). Is it still worth going to college?
FRBSF Economic Letter
Kent, M.M. (2010). College education benefits some more than others.
Population Reference Bureau. Retrieved from www.prb.org
Carlson, S. (2013). Is college worth it?
Chronicle of Higher Education. Vol. 60 Issue 11, pA25-A25, 1/2p.
Blumenstyk, G. (2015). Just half of graduates strongly agree their college education was worth the cost.
Chronicle of higher Education. Vol. 62 Issue 6, p1-1.1p.
London, H.I. (2013). College: who profits?.
Springer science+Business Media. DOI 10.1007/s12129-013-9366-3
Busteed, B. (2013, August 27). Is college worth it?
This proposal aims at suggesting various ways in which library performance can be improved by introduction of new computers systems. This is to improve the efficiency of those students using the computers in the library for their research and learning work.
Background on required changes
The proposals entail the changes that should be carried by the library management so as to enhance the usage of computer system in their study and research work. The current computer systems experience various hitches arising from the outdated computer system that is has little support from service providers. The system is particularly slow so that it takes much time in processing of information as seen in the slow loading of a browser and booting it up to make it operational. These inefficiencies have made it hard for the library to be fully functional and useful to the students, who have to look for alternatives and this is really affecting their research work. Given the that the learning process is becoming more digitalized with time , there is a need to have in place a library computer system that is efficient and one that can meet the students learning requirements. There is also the need to rethink the use of library spaces in content delivery and management of research data.
Objectives of the new system
The aim is to ensure a good user experience and thereby improve students’ performance in their studies and academic work and improve overall performance. The changes on the computer system will also ensure that the library spaces is used maximally , reduces any hitches that may prevent the usage of the library and reduce the amount of time that students have to spend looking up for information . Hence, the library will offer full user experience and provide a dependable system that can guarantee full operations and minimum wastage of resources.
Implementation plan
The implementation process will involve the inputs of institution management in collaboration with the overall management given that financial and human resources will be greatly needed in the process. The library management will carry out an assessment of the specific computer systems that can help in addressing the need for efficiency in time and resource management. The assessment report will be provided to the institution’s management who will allocate the available financial resources and human resources needed to provide the contract for implementation of a new computer system. The purchase process of a new system will be carried out by the library management while skilled individuals will be hired to install and monitor the entire process. The process will also involve the input of the students in testing to check the efficiency of the new system and whether the desired outcomes have been achieved. The library staff will be trained to acquire skills on how to use and monitor the system and how the administration of digital learning materials, maintenance process of the system and administration of information required for the learning process.
Benefits of system changes
Over the coming years, libraries will continue playing a major role in improving research data accessibility and redefinition of the leaning process (In Holder, 2013). The introduction of a new system will drive a user experience that is high quality and enhance research data management.
Conclusion
An in improved library computer system will ensure that students experience is high due to reduced time computer functions and hence improved learning process.
Reference
In Holder, S. (2013). Library collection development for professional programs: Trends and best practices.
Matters that relate to school safety have generated wide acclaim (V.P.C.C, 1995). The efficiency of the safety of schools has been known to have educational implications on the students and this has been ascertained though the Creemers’ multilevel model that seeks to assess the impact of school safety. School models are integral in ensuring that safety in schools does not affect the performance of students (Ventura, 1994). School safety is a critical aspect that may have an impact on the education of the pupil or the student by influencing the immediate environment of the student (Bowen & Bowen, 1999). The learning environment of the schools is integral as it provides the built environment through which information can flow. School safety is considered as a common problem that may lead to inconveniences for the student. The environment in which the school is situated may pose several risks for the school and may compromise the safety of the institution. Students that are in safe schools are usually not concerned with the probability of being victimized and it may be argued that they can dedicate more of their time to school and can therefore excel in their academics. The impact of school safety on the performance of the student has been an issue that has affected students especially from lower levels of learning.
Purpose of the research.
The main aim of the research is to establish the impact of school safety on the education standards of the children especially in matters that relate to performance of the students. The purpose shall establish the extent to which school safety has an impact on the education of students that can be reflected in their grades. In the recent past it has been established that there are different situations and characteristics that influence the level of achievement for students and this may have an adverse effect on their performance. The background and the student factors need to be established to ascertain the level of influence that school safety has on the students. The characteristics may be felt at different stages that include the classroom, school, student, and context level. The influence made on the students can be affected by challenges that exist in the educational sector and it is important to consider the problems that exist as a consequence of lack of safety in schools. Safety is multi-faceted and may involve various aspects that include the general security of the students and the immediate environment. The conditions in which the students operate may be hard to alter though the school conditions can be changed and this forms the drivers of the purpose of the research as safety is as a consequence of the school environment.
Research Questions.
What is the extent to which maintenance of safety in schools influence the level of achievement of students?
With regard to this subject question, the general need of maintaining security and order in schools is basically significant in meeting the set academic standards. This implies that educators ought to be in the position of teaching with regard to those standards. This is what assures parents that the learning environment is relatively safe for their children as well inducing positive traits in them.
What are the main safety issues that affect schools?
The main safety issue which affects the school entails the health of the students. The reason for that is because full-time nurse is mainly responsible ensuring the health safety for the children. Such an individual is concerned with training staff members the means of handling acute health of the children in any health situation whenever the nurse may not be present.
What are the solutions to safety in schools to help curb the influence of performance?
The main safety solutions which should be used for the purpose of enhancing performance entail ensuring that each activity is designed and implemented as one of the full school-wide methodology which enhances interdisciplinary collaboration as well as building mulititiered system for the whole stakeholders.
Hypothesis
The model used by the school has the potential of enhancing safety and performance of the students in the school
Null hypothesis.
There is no relationship between school safety and performance of students in schools.
Alternative hypothesis.
There is a direct relationship between school safety and performance of students in schools.
The research shall carry out detailed assessment on the topic through research that helps guide the main items and this shall be based on finding out the measure of performance in schools based on the level of education. This shall be tested through the analysis of the data components that can help determine the validity of the hypothesis.
Rationale
The School Safety Center provides resources to districts and schools to help in the development of high-quality emergency operations and safety plans. Feeling safe is fundamental for a positive learning environment. Conversely, integrating all the learning supports for instance social services, mental health, behavioral, are all perceived as being the cohesive approaches which ultimately enhances multidisciplinary collaboration of the entire school (Shafii & Shafii, 2001). Likewise, implementing such an approach means that prevention as well as the promotion of the needs of the students will be easily catered for so as to enhance their performance.
In addition to that, improving the general access to the school-based student mental health should be supported by efficient staffing levels i.e. the employment of mental health professional who will aid in infusing intervention and prevention services. This in return will assist in integrating services which are to be offered to the students through school-community partnership (Hester, 2003). Moreover, integrating the ongoing safety and positive climate assist in crisis prevention, response, recovery, and enhancing the preparedness of the students. This is what will reinforce learning, efficient use of the prevailing resources, effective threat evaluation, and so on.
Conversely, balancing psychological and physical safety in the process of avoiding overly restrictive measures basically will have the capacity of undermining the students’ learning environment (Hester, 2003). Contrary to that, it is essential to combine other security measures with the effort of enhancing positive school climate, trust building, encouraging students to have effective response to any potential threats, and so on (Shafii & Shafii, 2001).
References
Hester, J. P. (2003). Public school safety: A handbook, with a resource guide. Jefferson, N.C: McFarland.
Bowen, N. K., & Bowen, G. L. (1999). Effects of crime and violence in neighborhoods and schools on the school behavior and performance of adolescents. Journal of Adolescent Research, 14(3), 319-342.
Ventura, C. (1994). School violence to school safety: Reframing the issue for school psychologists. School psychology review, 23(2), 236-256.
Violence Prevention Coordinating Council. (1995, December). The Hawaii school-based violence prevention plan: Seeds of peace for today & tomorrow. Honolulu, HI: Hawaii State Commission on the Status of Women.
Shafii, M., & Shafii, S. L. (2001). School violence: Assessment, management, prevention. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press.
Bullying is an antisocial behavior which can make an individual turn from being civil and engaging into various inhuman atrocities. Failing to eliminate bullying can gradually make offenders to engage in social deviances in future.
Identify the most important step in the student’s guide to research that you would need in order to analyze bullying.
The most important step is locating and evaluating the research sources since it improves the understanding of the research topic and the various discussions that relate to it. It involves gathering the necessary background information after having understood the topic which will make it possible to find sources. It also involves narrowing the research to include topics to be used in thesis using some key specific words. Evaluating located sources involves examining them to determine the ones that are most appropriate and reliable for the topic and classifying them into primary sources and secondary sources that help in interpretation of primary texts( Bronson & Davis, 2012).
Define the identified critical step of research in your own words.
Locating and evaluating research sources means finding out the ones with relevant information about bullying by carrying out a rigorous research about the intended discussion. Finding the sources involves searching through research links or physical libraries where information may be available on link between bullying and issues such as genocide. Evaluation means reviewing which of the located sources contain sufficient and evidenced based information on bullying and especially past research done on the topic
Explain how bullying relates to ONE of the following topics:
Bullying can be explained in terms of social deviance, where an individual engages in bullying others so that they engage in an action that is regarded as outside the social norm. The antisocial behavior such as such criminal or sexual deviance develops gradually from the bullying when one’s conscience fails to recognize that this is an antisocial behavior (Hay, Meldrum & Mann, 2010). People learn from their surroundings to engage in demeaning others through bullying after they consider them no good enough to be human and this gradually translate into hate, gossips and rumor mongering. To a bully, it is possible for them to move from being civil or human to engaging in various social deviances such as genocidal behavior (TEDx Talks, 2014). When the habit of bullying is not eliminated, it can lead to atrocities such as sexual deviance or genocide.
References
Bronson, D. E., & Davis, T. S. (2012). Finding and evaluating evidence: Systematic reviews and evidence-based practice. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Hay, C., Meldrum, R., & Mann, K. (2010). Traditional bullying, cyber bullying, and deviance: A general strain theory approach. Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice, 26(2), 130-147.
According to Harris, school is supposed to be an area where students are able to learn skills which can enable them to lead peaceful lives in future. In addition, he believed that the knowledge of humanity existed in contemporary academic subjects (William, n.d). Hence, in order for democracy to be able to flourish, public schools were therefore supposed to bring the academic subjects to the practise of all American students. Moreover, school should not only be a place responsible for preparing students for job markets, but to prepare them for a life in an independent democracy.
This recommendations strongly reflect the idealist theory, simply they depict the way the idealist philosophy perceives things. According to the idealist philosophy, school should not only be a place where one acquires academic knowledge, but a place where a person is able to get basic knowledge on how to live a good life. On the other hand, these ideas have merit on today’s schools, simply because most schools are focused on equipping students with the knowledge of how to deal with real life situations (William, n.d). This has therefore led to the inclusion of subjects such as life skills, and communication skills, whereby students are taught how to live and to also relate with other people. In addition, communication skills and non-verbal cues are responsible for enabling students to maintain etiquette and use proper language depending on the setting of the conversation.
Human beings are supposed to believe in order to be able to know. On the other hand, having such a mentality might affect someone’s way of thinking, simply because it makes it hard for one to be able to know before believing it (Augustine, 2011). For instance, currently the internet is one of the best areas where one can be able to access information thus reading and understanding it, if a person does not believe that he cannot be able to understand whatever information he or she reads from the internet, then it means that he or she may not also be able to know. If one therefore believes that he can be able to understand something, then he can be able to do it without any problem at all.
This however conflicts with current ways of teaching, since according to the current ways of teaching, when someone concentrates on something then he can be able to understand it (Augustine, 2011). This therefore means that it is not necessary for one to believe before being able to achieve, thus one needs to focus on something hence being able to understand it.
Realist plea is usually based on facts which are based on the subject matter. This therefore means that realists are people who base their arguments only on facts and not on information which they do not have evidence in. Realist people therefore perceive things for what they really are and not what people tell them. Therefore realism requires people to look at things in the right way and not to depend on what they are being told. Realist approach is very significant in the modern day education, simply it motivates students to do a lot if research on the information given to them by their teachers, hence being able to pass their exams highly. In addition, realist approach enables students to be able to understand how to live work in order to make it in life (Augustine, 2011).
Reference
William T. Harris. (n.d). Education Encyclopedia: State University.
Augustine. (2011). Chapter 1. Idealism and Education. Retrieved from: https://catalogue.pearsoned.co.uk/assets/hip/gb/hip_gb_pearsonhighered/samplechapter/0132540746.pdf
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