Questions and Topics We Can Help You Answering; 

Maladaptive Responses to Immune Disorders
Maladaptive responses to disorders are compensatory mechanisms that ultimately have adverse health effects for patients. For instance, a patient’s allergic reaction to peanuts might lead to anaphylactic shock, or a patient struggling with depression might develop a substance abuse problem. To properly diagnose and treat patients, advanced practice nurses must understand both the pathophysiology of disorders and potential maladaptive responses that some disorders cause.
Consider immune disorders such as HIV, psoriasis, inflammatory bowel disease, and systemic lupus E. What are resulting maladaptive responses for patients with these disorders?
To Prepare
Review Chapter 6 and Chapter 8 in the Huether and McCance text. Reflect on the concept of maladaptive responses to disorders.
Select two of the following immune disorders: HIV, psoriasis, inflammatory bowel disease, or systemic lupus E (SLE).
Identify the pathophysiology of each disorder you selected. Consider the compensatory mechanisms that the disorders trigger. Then compare the resulting maladaptive and physiological responses of the two disorders.
Select one of the following factors: genetics, gender, ethnicity, age, or behavior. Reflect on how the factor might impact your selected immune disorders.
By Day 3
Post a brief description of the pathophysiology of your selected immune disorders. Explain how the maladaptive and physiological responses of the two disorders differ. Finally, explain how the factor you selected might impact the pathophysiology of each disorder.

Questions and Topics We Can Help You Answering; 

Arthritis
While arthritis impacts nearly 50 million adults in the United States, it is not a disease that is limited to adulthood. Consider the case of Ashley Russell. At the age of 14 months, Ashley was diagnosed with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. As a baby, her parents noticed that her knee was always swollen and that she often wanted to be carried instead of walking on her own (Cyr, 2012). After seeking medical care, Ashley’s underlying disorder was discovered. Arthritis in children is not uncommon. According to the CDC (2011), an estimated 294,000 children under age 18 have some form of arthritis or rheumatic condition. Due to the prevalence of the disorder in both children and adults, you must understand the pathophysiology and symptoms of arthritis in order to properly diagnose and prescribe treatment.
To Prepare
•    Review Chapter 37 in the Huether and McCance text and Chapter 24 in the McPhee and Hammer text. Identify the pathophysiology of osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. Consider the similarities and differences of the disorders.
•    Select two of the following patient factors: genetics, gender, ethnicity, age, or behavior. Reflect on how the factors you selected might impact the pathophysiology of the disorders, as well as the diagnosis of and treatment for the disorders.

Questions and Topics We Can Help You Answering; 

Transitioning From Closed to
Open Systems
How do effective nurse leaders and others approach problem solving and decision making in organizations? As suggested in this week’s Learning Resources, systems theory provides a valuable way to assess situations and prepare to address problems.
For this week’s Discussion, you identify an issue or process that could be improved and apply knowledge and strategies related to systems theory.
Note: You may find it helpful to view the Assignment instructions and use the same problem for this Discussion.
To prepare:
•    Review the information presented in this week’s Learning Resources on systems theory and the difference between open and closed systems.
•    Reflect on the practices and processes with which you are familiar in your organization. Identify one problematic issue or process that could be improved.
•    Consider the problem from a closed-system perspective. Then think about how the issue or process you selected could be addressed by viewing it from an open-system perspective. How would the transition from a closed- to an open-system view help you and others to address the problem and improve outcomes?
By Day 3
Post a description of the problem that you identified in your selected organization. Explain the problem from a closed-system perspective. Then, describe how the problem could be addressed by viewing it from an open-system perspective, and explain how this modification would help you and others improve health care outcomes.

In Week 1, you examined the foundations of health care organizations, especially as they relate to mission, vision, and values, and culture and climate. The attention now turns to how these inform the development of goals and objectives, as well as policies and procedures that guide planning and day-to-day activities in health care organizations. In addition, this week you view health care organizations through the lens of systems theory.

Here are some references
Manley, K., O’Keefe, H., Jackson, C., Pearce, J., & Smith, S. (2014). A shared purpose framework to deliver person-centred, safe and effective care: Organisational transformation using practice development methodology. FoNS 2014 International Practice Development Journal 4-(1).
Retrieved from the Walden Library databases.
Meyer, R. M., & O’Brien-Pallas, L. L. (2010). Nursing services delivery theory: An open system approach. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 66(12), 2828–2838.
Retrieved from the Walden Library databases.

In this article, the authors examine the effects of nursing services delivery theory in large-scale organizations. Among other benefits, this theory supports multilevel phenomena and cross-level studies, and it can guide future research and the management of nursing services.

Questions and Topics We Can Help You Answering; 

What are the negative effects of lack of sleep?

Questions and Topics We Can Help You Answering; 

You will identify a specific evidence-based practice proposal topic for the capstone project. Consider a clinical environment in which you have recently worked. The capstone project topic can be a clinical practice problem, an organizational issue, a quality improvement suggestion, a leadership initiative, or an educational need appropriate to your area of interest as well as your practice immersion (practicum) setting. Examples of the integration of community health, leadership, and an EBP can be found on the "Educational and Community-Based Programs" page of the Healthy People 2020 website.

Write a 500-750 word description of your proposed capstone project topic. Make sure to include the following:
1.The problem, issue, suggestion, initiative, or educational need that will be the focus of the project
2.The setting or context in which the problem, issue, suggestion, initiative, or educational need can be observed.
3.A description providing a high level of detail regarding the problem, issue, suggestion, initiative, or educational need.
4.Impact of the problem, issue, suggestion, initiative, or educational need on the work environment, the quality of care provided by staff, and patient outcomes.
5.Significance of the problem, issue, suggestion, initiative, or educational need and its implications to nursing.
6.A proposed solution to the identified project topic

You are required to retrieve and assess a minimum of eight peer-reviewed articles. Plan your time accordingly to complete this assignment.

Prepare this assignment according to the guidelines found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center. An abstract is not required.

You are required to submit this assignment to Turnitin. Please refer to the directions in the Student Success Center

Questions and Topics We Can Help to Answer
Paper Instructions;

How does fatigue effect vertical jump height in basketball players

Questions and Topics We Can Help to Answer
Paper Instructions;

Discussion:

As discussed in this module, a clinician can take various measures to ensure that patients are ready to graduate from treatment, including:

self-report assessments measures
urine tests or other objective measures of abstinence
demonstration of the development of effective coping strategies
conversations with clients about their readiness to terminate
Select two of these criteria and discuss their strengths and weaknesses in terms of determining a patient’s readiness for termination of treatment.

Questions and Topics We Can Help to Answer
Paper Instructions;

A DNP prepared nurse must be able to find and examine evidence to produce practice changes that improve patient outcomes. Understanding how to generate and interpret evidence requires understanding of research methodology and data analysis (Etchegaray & Fischer, 2009). Descriptive statistics are used to describe, summarize, and combine quantitative data for analysis. There are many strategies a DNP prepared nurse can use to effectively analyze data. When comparing the four levels of measurement it is important to keep in mind that the hierarchy starts with the nominal level which is lower and has the ratio scales at the top. Moving from a higher to a lower level of measurement results in loss of data (Polit & Beck, 2016). In descriptive statistics data can be described in terms of three characteristics: the shape of the distribution of values, central tendency, and variability. Correctly organizing numeric data include placing numbers in frequency distributions which involve arrangement of values from lowest to highest, together with a count of the number of times each value was obtained. Frequency data can be displayed with graphs and polygons. The shape of the distributions can be symmetrical but with real data sets, distributions are rarely perfectly symmetric (Polit and Beck, 2016). Minor discrepancies are overlooked in characterizing a distribution’s shape.

The measures for central tendency are: the mode, the median, and the mean. They are good indicators of data organization and of clarification of data patterns. The mode is the most frequently occurring value in a distribution, the median is the point in a distribution above which and below which 50% of cases fall, and the mean is the sum of all scores, divided by the number of scores (Polit & Beck, 2016). The central tendency must be correctly calculated for data analysis. Only when a distribution of scores is symmetric and unimodal, the three indexes of central tendency coincide, while in skewed distributions, the values of the mode, median, and mean differ (Polit & Beck, 2016). According to Polit and Beck (2016), generally, the mode is best used for nominal measures, the mode or median is appropriate for ordinal measures, and the mean is best suited for interval and ratio measures.

Variability reflects how spread out or dispersed the data are. Variability expresses the extent to which scores in a distribution differ from one another (Polit & Beck, 2016). The range and standard deviation are measures of variability.

Descriptive statistics do not answer research questions but they are used to summarize characteristics of data sample and document methodologic qualities. They help the researcher evaluate data in an unbiased and objective manner.

                                                            References

Etchegaray, J. M., & Fischer, W. G. (2009). Understanding evidence-based research methods:

        Descriptive statistics. Health Environments Research & Design Journal, 3(1), 111-117.

Polit, D. F. & Beck, C. T. (2016). Nursing research: Generating and assessing evidence for

    nursing practice (10th ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.

Questions and Topics We Can Help to Answer
Paper Instructions;

Evidence-based nursing practice relies on research procedures and a DNP prepared nurse must be familiar with statistical approaches because the inappropriate use of them will result in faulty conclusions that would undermine the significance of the study. Parametric tests include estimation of a parameter, require measurements on at least an interval scale, and involve multiple assumptions, such as the one that the variables are normally distributed in the sample population (Polit & Beck, 2016). They are usually preferred compared with the nonparametric ones.

Inferential statistics derive conclusions about a population sample by analyzing the data. Using inferential statistics helps the researcher make objective judgments about the reliability of estimates. The basis for inferential statistics are sampling distributions with their standard deviation called standard error of the mean ( Polit & Beck, 2016). The decision on when to use inferential analysis is based on the purpose of the study and the type and number of each type of variable. According to Rice (2002), determination of the number of dependent and independent variables is important in deciding appropriate statistical procedures and studies with multiple independent and dependent variables require inferential statistical procedures compared with those with  single independent or dependent variables.

Multivariate statistics involve the concurrent observation and analysis of more than one outcome variable. One commonly used technique is the multiple regression analysis which involves the investigation of the effects of two or more independent variables on a continuous dependent variable (Polit & Beck, 2016). This statistical method aims at predicting outcomes. According to Polit and Beck (2016), regression analysis solves for a and b, to form a prediction about Y for any value of X and the researchers focus on trying to improve predictions of Y by including multiple independent variables (predictors).

Nonparametric tests, also called distribution-free statistics, do not estimate parameters, make fewer assumptions about the shape of the variables’ distribution, and are less powerful than the parametric ones (Polit & Beck, 2016). However, they are useful with small sample size studies, when data cannot be interpreted as interval-level, and with distributions that are not normal. According to Nahm (2016), the advantages of nonparametric tests consist in a less of a possibility to reach incorrect conclusions because assumptions about the population are unnecessary, they are more intuitive and do not require much statistical knowledge, and statistics are computed based on signs or ranks; therefore not greatly affected by outliers.

                                                References

Nahm, F. S. (2016). Nonparametric statistical tests for the continuous data: the basic concept and

      the practical use. Korean Journal of Anesthesiology, 69(1), 8-14.

Polit, D. F. & Beck, C. T. (2016). Nursing research: Generating and assessing evidence for

    nursing practice (10th ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.

Rice, M. H. (2002). Statistical analyses: Making sense of them in the research report. Journal of

    Neuroscience Nursing, 34(2), 105.

Questions and Topics We Can Help to Answer
Paper Instructions;

Alterations of cardiovascular disorder/myocardial infarction

Cardiovascular Disorders
Veins and arteries are vital elements of the cardiovascular system. They carry the blood supply through the body and are essential for proper function. Sometimes veins and arteries malfunction, resulting in cardiovascular disorders. Malfunctions of arteries and veins are similar to malfunctions of a water hose. Consider the structure and function of a hose. A tap releases water, which then travels through the hose and comes out the other end. If the hose has been dormant for several months, dirt and rusty particles might build up inside, resulting in a restricted flow of water. Similarly, buildup of plaque inside the coronary arteries restricts blood flow and leads to disorders such as coronary heart disease. This disease is one of the most common cardiovascular disorders, and according to the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (2011), is the leading cause of death for men and women in the United States. In this Discussion, you examine the pathophysiology of cardiovascular disorders such as coronary heart disease.
To Prepare
•    Review this week’s media presentation on alterations of cardiovascular functions, as well as Chapter 24 in the Huether and McCance text. Identify the pathophysiology of cardiovascular disorders.
•    Select one patient factor: genetics, gender, ethnicity, age, or behavior. Consider how the factor you selected might impact the pathophysiology of cardiovascular disorders.
•    Select one of the following alterations of cardiovascular disorders: peripheral arterial disease, myocardial infarction, coronary artery disease, congestive heart failure, or dysrhythmia. Think about how hypertension or dyslipidemia can lead to the alteration you selected. 
By Day 3
Post a description of the pathophysiology of cardiovascular disorders, including how the factor you selected might impact the pathophysiology. Then, explain how hypertension or dyslipidemia can lead to the alteration you selected for patients with the factor you identified.

Questions and Topics We Can Help to Answer
Paper Instructions;

Health Repercussions of Night Shift Workers

Questions and Topics We Can Help to Answer
Paper Instructions;

Disorders of the Veins and Arteries
Advanced practice nurses often treat patients with vein and artery disorders such as chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) and deep venous thrombosis (DVT). While the symptoms of both disorders are noticeable, these symptoms are sometimes mistaken for signs of other conditions, making the disorders difficult to diagnose. Nurses must examine all symptoms and rule out other potential disorders before diagnosing and prescribing treatment for patients. In this Assignment, you explore the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and clinical presentation of CVI and DVT.
To Prepare
•    Review the section “Diseases of the Veins” (pp. 598-599) in Chapter 23 of the Huether and McCance text. Identify the pathophysiology of chronic venous insufficiency and deep venous thrombosis. Consider the similarities and differences between these disorders.
•    Select a patient factor different from the one you selected in this week’s Discussion: genetics, gender, ethnicity, age, or behavior. Think about how the factor you selected might impact the pathophysiology of CVI and DVT. Reflect on how you would diagnose and prescribe treatment of these disorders for a patient based on the factor you selected.
•    Review the “Mind Maps—Dementia, Endocarditis, and Gastro-oesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)” media in the Week 2 Learning Resources. Use the examples in the media as a guide to construct two mind maps—one for chronic venous insufficiency and one for venous thrombosis. Consider the epidemiology and clinical presentation of both chronic venous insufficiency and deep venous thrombosis.
To Complete
Write a 2- to 3-page paper that addresses the following:
•    Compare the pathophysiology of chronic venous insufficiency and deep venous thrombosis. Describe how venous thrombosis is different from arterial thrombosis.
•    Explain how the patient factor you selected might impact the pathophysiology of CVI and DVT. Describe how you would diagnose and prescribe treatment of these disorders for a patient based on the factor you selected.
•    Construct two mind maps—one for chronic venous insufficiency and one for deep venous thrombosis. Include the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and clinical presentation, as well as the diagnosis and treatment you explained in your paper.


Total 5 pages. all papers submitted include a title page, introduction, summary, and references.