Word count is defined as the number of terminologies found in a given text. It is necessary when a document is supposed to retain given amounts of word numbers. Word counts are mainly used in academic institutions, legal procedures, advertisements and in media activities (Camarda, 2001). Word count is mainly used by people who translate for them to determine the cost for their job which is translating. A Word count is therefore necessary since it determines words in a given document and enables translators to get the total words they translated (Guerrero, 2005). Word counts are also necessary in determining typing speed of many people as well as know the given number of typed and read words. Word counts involves use of converting characters which are able to show the number of words typed and read per minute where one is able to know the speed of typing as well as reading. This essay will discuss the uses and advantages of word counts and importance of word count software to many people.
Variations in word count
There are many variations in the procedure of word counting since people differ on the procedure of counting. Some argue that words count should not be inclusive of the total number of words. Word processing software has a rule for word count which has cleared the differences and variations in defining word count. The word processing software has word boundaries which depend on definition of word dividers (Guerrero, 2005). Example of word dividers include space and tab space which are able to space and divide words. The word processing software is accurate and has solved variation problems when dealing with word count. There is various word counting systems which at times give different results which depends o the rue of text segmentation. Some systems argue that words outside the main document such as footnotes, headers and footers should not be included in the word count. This is not common in most word processing since they tend to behave equally and thus their application is not different. In the past school assignments were done manually or with use of typewriters where word count was not considered. Currently students use digital methods of handling assignment where word count is a major contribution to earn good marks in the assignment (Guerrero, 2005). Students argue that word counts are inclusive of a conjunctions, prepositions and articles (Camarda, 2001). This depends on the word processor used since some show that word counts is inclusive of prepositions and conjunctions.
Compounds words were counted as one word. This was done as a way of saving time ensuring use of the rule of thumb which ensured that there were a minimum number of words usual less than ten words per line. This has however changed with use of a digital word processor which maintains use of word software for word count (Guerrero, 2005). This digital word count software enables use of text segmentation method which is universal agreed upon in the world. Word count software is used globally in many institutions since it is universally agreed upon by all countries globally. Teachers and various institutions should agree on whether to include compound words, footnotes, tables, headers, footers, bibliographies in the total word count (Guerrero, 2005). Students should be careful on the choice of words they use and exclude words bringing variations in the word count. Bibliographies in many institutions are not included in the word count but are important to students since without them less marks will be scored. Word count is important since it ensures that students do the required research and provide the necessary information for them to earn marks. Word counts software should upgrade as the technology is advancing in order to cater for the digital generation.
Reasons for the variations
As defined earlier, word count is the figure of the written words in a document or any given text. There is a case where there tends to be difference in word count. This is what is referred as variation in word counts. For instance, an individual may obtain a different figure of words from one Microsoft word to another. In this case, we will identify the reasons why there tends to be variation in word counts as one uses different Microsoft word. Normally, Microsoft word can be in a position to calculate the numeral of words in any document while an individual continues to type (Guerrero, 2005). This means that when one type in a document, the Microsoft Word will automatically add up the amount of words in the written document and show them on the status bars that tend to be at the bottom of the work space (Camarda, 2001). People have claimed that when one is having a similar document with same number of words, when they are opened in different version of office they always get varied word count results. Thus, we want to know why the re is this variation of word count in different office. One of the reasons of the variation is that diverse versions of Office contains different format that may occupy different space (Camarda, 2001). This means that due to the variation of the versions, the word counts will also be varied in different office. Additionally, there are no rules that are established to define the entire instruments that must be used for the word count. Thus, there will be different word count as different version of Office use their particular schemes for word count. It is believed that the most excellent word count tools are the one that are usually armed with word count opportunities in footers, headers, notes, footnotes, among others. Additionally, they can be in a position to offer the word count in a greater number of folder formats (Camarda, 2001).
Advantages and disadvantages of word count
One of the disadvantage of word counts is that it is difficult to write an easy with the given word count required by the institution. The essay may include many important things to write yet it is impossible if the word count is causing limitations. It seems difficult to meet the required amount of words accurately in a given essay (Camarda, 2001). Word counts in this case are disadvantageous to students since one must meet the requirements of the assignment. In a different perspective, word counts ensure that the assignment is well planned and given amounts of words are provided (Guerrero, 2005). They are advantageous since students are able to make accurate research and meet the requirements of the assignment in a responsible manner. Word counts are necessary as they ensure the assignment is researched well and accurate. Word counts ensure tests are well arranged maintaining less of conjunctions, prepositions and other words which are not meaningful to the texts (Guerrero, 2005).
References
Camarda, B. (2001). Special edition using Microsoft Word 2002. Indianapolis, Ind: Que.
Guerrero, M. C. M. (2005). Inner speech--L2: Thinking words in a second language. New York: Springer
In traditional, men were given different roles from women in societies. This is because they are regarded as the head of the family. For instance, if traditional men could go in a women’s predominated occupation they were taking higher position, most of the job advantages were granted to men. However, if women could go to a male predominated occupation they were just taken in lower places. With this regard, it can be seen that men were given higher position in ancient times. However, through technological development, women’s roles have changed and this has led to changes in men’s role. This is because women can have equal roles with men. They can be able to be in a position to get higher positions such as political posts among others. Additionally, the developing economy has also changed women’s traditional roles. For instance, in ancient times, women were taking care of children and working in their homes. However, due to the economic growth rate, women are now employed as accounts and are given higher priorities in the job market. Most of women are now given the opportunity to exploit their academic talents. This paper will clearly discuss how men's roles have changed economically, educationally, sexually and socially. Additionally, it will discuss some of the ideal characteristics of men in a society where women's roles are changing.
Changes in women's traditional roles suggest corresponding changes in men. Explore this issue, how men's roles have changed economically, educationally, sexually and socially.
How men’s role change economically
Due to the advancement of technology, various roles that are mandated for women have changed. For instance, in traditional, women had roles of taking care of children, cooking and doing house cleaning. However, their roles have changed due to the growth of economy. Women can now get position in big positions, as they are educated. Additionally, they can be in a position to perform same jobs with men. In the past, women could not perform roles that were given to men. However, the development of economy has changed things. This in advance has changed the roles of men as women now perform some of the roles that were given to men. When a women could go in a male dominated occupation, she could only do work in lower posts, however, the vast economic growth have changed their roles, as they can now participate in big positions that were mandated for men during the ancient times. Additionally, when men could move to a female dominated occupation such as nursing, they were regarded with higher priorities. This is because they were given higher posts and higher salaries than women could. Men were always given desirable job while women were given subordinate positions. It is argued that in traditional, women could not even think of joining male dominated occupations. This is because when women try to enroll themselves, they were encountering different changes, as it was not meant for them. However, the economic growths have changed this notion as now women can rule men and they can even perform roles that were initially assigned to men. Additionally, they can perform equal roles that are carried out by men. A commitment of promoting gender equality in economic results has emphasized women’s empowerment (Glauber,et al 145). There is proof that expanding woman’s opportunities in fastidious earnings and political participation (Ballantine, Jeanne and Keith 90). Actually, women are responsible for reduction of the economic genders disparities.
How men’s role change educationally
In traditional, girl child was not given right to education, it was only meant for boys. This has changed over time as now both genders are given freedom to exploit their academic talents. The fact that girl child is given the right to education, there is increased numbers of women who are more educated. In fact, most of the people argue that there is almost equal number of women who are educated and men who seems to be education. Additionally, more women have been attending college and universities than men, and this has led to a large gap and many people argue that it is projected to continue growing (Kimmel 190). This means that women are more educated than men as compared to ancient time, as there were no education rights for women. This shows that women are now carrying out various roles that were meant for men, as they are more educated. Different feminists who were fighting for the rights of women, asserts that women were less regarded in the society. This is because they could not be given opportunities to exploit their talents. However, due to the increase in demand of academic levels, women are given different roles from those of traditional. In the ancient times, girl child was not given right to education, it was only perceived for boys. However, the advancement of technology has changed this notion and now many of the girls are more educated than expected. Girl child can even go to master levels as she has support from the parents and it is recorded as legal to educate a girl child. This means that both genders can be given similar roles, as they are educated equally. Thus, a girl can perform different chores that were initially meant for men. This in advance have changed men’s role as women perform most of their roles.
How men’s role are changing socially
Gender roles seem to be changing with time. Social changes have taken place and women are now considered to be of the same equal rights as men. Men are not the head of most families in the current society. Both men and women are seen to be responsible of family affairs where men can cook as well as take responsibility of the family. It is estimated that in years to come the number of women in the working industry will be higher than that of men. This implies that men will be left in homes taking care of their children as well as safeguarding the homes. Where both parents are working, kids in those families have little time to spend with their parents (Carroll, Janell, 504). Most men are changing their nature of keeping secrets and hiding their frustration example in case a man is jobless. Unlike women, men do not discuss their secrets but in the modern society changes are experienced where organizations have come up to support men who remain jobless. Traditionally, men were considered to be the bred winners for their families while the women are left to take care of children and household chores. Men were considered working away from homes while women were considered to work within their homes. Currently, the case is different since women are professionals and carrier oriented (Carroll, Janell, 504). Some men are comfortable without careers and prefer to stick to their homes and take care of their families and household chores. This is seen to promote social equity in most marriages since both men and women handle roles that were considered as women roles traditionally. Most women seem happy than most men according to a research carried out in 2003. This change of roles is highly appreciated as men seem comfortable with it.
How men’s roles are changing sexually
Currently men are not regarded as the strongest gender. Many roles they took traditionally have been done by women currently. Though domestic violence is still present, women have fought for their rights to avoid being harassed sexually or physically by most men. Most men are involving themselves in gay marriages which are not illegal in some countries. Most gay men are starting their own families where they divide their roles on how to bring up their adopted children (Cotterrell et al, 56). Gay parents are seen to provide equal support in order to care of their children and their homes. Most gay parents face discrimination which makes them feel uncomfortable as people associate it with mental illnesses which is not true. Gay marriages are common currently and people’s belief that it is not ethical is not changing anything. Most fathers are staying at home with their kids since they are afraid of some one else raising their children. They ignore their masculinity since they are intimated to raise their kids. Most fathers are affectionate of their babies and prefer sticking to their homes (Cotterrell et al, 56). Most modern men can ether be single or married but accept their roles as parents. They can either be gay or straight and still accept their responsibility and respect their spouse and kids.
What are some of the ideal characteristics of men in a society where women's roles are changing?
Ideal characteristics are associated with men in a society where women’s roles are changing. For instance, men’s roles are different from ancient times, as women have taken most of their roles. In modern times, women are positioned in higher posts that were preserved for men. Thus, one of the characteristics for men in a society where women’s roles are changing is that they are inferior. This is because they cannot perform various duties such as being the head of the family as women now take these chores. Additionally, most of the men are taking care of children as their wives are employed in higher positions. This means that the advancement have changed even the roles that were initially designed for women. In relation to this, many of the traditional behaviors that were expected from men are also becoming less stressed in some modern cultures (Kimmel 190). For instance, there is an increased willingness to share feelings (Kimmel 190). In traditional, men could share their feelings and express fears and concerns (Kimmel 190). However, this has changed in modern cultures as women rule them. In some political seats, their wives can address men, as they are more educated than their men are. This means that men are always perceived with lesser characteristics due to the fact that they are ruled and addressed by their women. In different nations, women have now caught up with men in terms of advancement and education. This gap is still increasing and this has lessened the gender gap. Many argues that due to the increased in women empowerment, there is family break ups as men are given lower priorities in families (Kimmel 190). This is because most cases their wives are the one that are employed and thus, they are providing everything that is needed in their homes. Thus, they have changed the trend and have started ruling their men to an extent that house chores are mandated for men. This can bring to rises of family break ups among others. Another characteristic is that men are inferior in the job market as most of their positions are preserved for the women. For instance, nursing occupations are mandated for women. This means that the occupation will always have small number of men as it is preserved for women.
Most of men are changing and prefer to work in earlier regarded as women’s professions. When a man is working in a female dominated occupation, he can be in a position to get good jobs than women despite that there is a large number of women than men. However, when a woman is working in a male-dominated occupation, she cannot be in a position to get worthy jobs, as there are certain barriers that are preventing her from getting to the top positions. Therefore, the concept of glass escalator focuses on the promotion of men over women in workplaces. For a couple of years, there is argument for women empowerment in their jobs, however, they tend to face various barriers that prevent them or discriminate them from being empowered in their society (Swain, Pamela, 39). This issue of gender discrimination normally takes place in professions that are dominated by women. These professional may include nursing and hairdressing. Men always get some desirable job while women normally get subordinate positions. Men who work in a women profession such as nursing may experience the effect of glass escalator. This is because they are given higher positions that no women can be given. This means that men will smoothly make their way to the top of the glass escalator. This is different to women, as when they are in a male-dominated occupation they tend to encounter various challenges that hinder them from going on the top of the glass escalator. Men are currently seen to venture in to women roles and careers such as hairdressing and baby sitting. Men’s experience in predominantly female roles can be described as such a fascinating experience. It is clearly known that there are certain professions and roles that are purposely regarded to be done by women (Swain, Pamela, 39). These may include nursing, librarianship, social work, teaching among other more professional whereby the women are better suited than men are. However, men have a perception that they can do better than women do even when they are in female roles and careers. The modern man is adapting to changes in gender roles and careers.
Traditionally men were considered as heads of the families. This is also supported by religious cultures and beliefs. Women have been asked to remain submissive and obedient to the men since men are more superior to them. Currently women have changed and taken up roles of men. They act as head of families and provide for their families. Women have entered many different professionals and are not submissive and do not wait for their husbands to provide for them. This makes men loose their prestige in the society as the head and the central gender in the community (Kornblum et al, 336). Many today are taking duties as housewives while the women go to work. Most companies prefer to employ women since they regard them as responsible and organized unlike mot men. Currently men take care of household chores; take children to school and prepare dinner since most women are left on the job market busy handling their careers. This in most cases happens when the woman’s job is highly successful and well paid compared to the man. Modern men are have lost their image as the dominant people in the society. Most men have taken up characteristics like remaining gentle, loving and caring unlike traditional men who were rough, strong and rude (Kornblum et al, 336). The modern man has strong feeling and affection towards their families especially the kids. They are considered as behaving feminine.
Conclusion
Gender roles are changing with change of time which is evidently clear according to the above discussion. Many researches show that men will always dominate administrative and management positions in both occupations. Most men are changing and taking female characteristics for example doing household chores and taking care of children and other roles which were initially left for women. Some men are comfortable without careers and prefer to stick to their homes and take care of their families and household chores.
References
Ballantine, Jeanne H, and Keith A. Roberts. Our Social World: Condensed Version. Los Angeles, Calif: SAGE/Pine Forge Press, 2010. Print.
Cotterrell, Ann, and Anthony Russell. Gcse Social Science. London: Heinemann Educational, 1988. Print.
Glauber, Rebecca, Dalton Conley, Lynne Haney, and Lawrence Wu. Gender and Race in Families and at Work: Fatherhood and Men's Labor Market Outcomes. , 2007. Print.
Kimmel, Michael S. The Gendered Society. New York: Oxford University Press, 2008. Print.
Kornblum, William, and Carolyn D. Smith. Sociology in a Changing World. Belmont, CA: Thomson/Wadsworth, 2008. Print.
Swain, Pamela I. New Developments in Eating Disorders Research. New York: Nova Science Publishers, 2006. Print.
Disney princess is a media company which is owned by Walt Disney Company. The movie is acted by four starring characters namely belle, Snow White, Ariel and Cinderella. The girls are hipsters. The girls in the movie just sing a song wearing glasses and seem not to care. The princesses advertise the lovely clothes they are putting on. They always planned to sing songs along wearing glasses. The girls seem to pay less attention to pronunciation of some names. The girls who regard themselves as princesses live in a wooden castle based in Brooklyn. Belle is the hottest of the princesses. Irony is the key theme in this movie and is well portrayed throughout the entire movie. Snow white captures people’s attention in the way she talks. The girls take lots of photos in the background which pleases the audience. The girls say test they are unique but behave the same which is ironical. Ariel is a pretty girl as well as a funny one. Snow White has a good voice and is viewed as the best singer by most people.
All 11 Disney princesses gathering for the first time for Merida’s coronation at Walt Disney world
The eleven princesses includes Snow White, Belle, Ariel, Cinderella, Mulan ,Tiana, Merida, Rapunzel, Aurora, Jasmine and Pocahontas. They enter the stage in a chronological order therefore showing they are organized. The eleven princesses are seen to be protagonists and come from different parts of Disney royal family. They are all heroines in the movie and are loved by their audiences. They are part of the royal family by birth and marriage. Most of the princesses are daughters of kings and queens apart from few who join the royal family after being married there. Snow White is the youngest princess but is the leader of the Disney princesses. Aurora is a tall princess with good outfits. Marrying princes makes the married girls become princesses automatically. Belles dress is seen to make good moves which makes her look smart. Anna and Elsa are not featured in the movie which saddens some people who believe they are real princesses. Princess Merida is brought in a horse and seems to enjoy the whole event when she is being crowned the princess of Disney. Rapunzel looks good in her long hair which many people love.
Comparing the two movies according to clothing, talking and the behavior of the princesses
The princesses in both movies have lovely and long hair. Most princesses are daughters of kings and queens while the rest are married in the royal families. The princesses are slim and short in both movies. In The Musical only four princesses are present while in the Merida’s coronation, eleven princesses are available. The princesses have put on make up which makes them look beautiful. Snow White is considered to be compassionate while Cinderella is considered to be kind hearted in Merida’s coronation which is not seen in the first movie. Merida looks natural and a real princess which is not seen in the first movie. Ariel is considered the real princess in the first movie. Ariel in the second movie dresses in a green lovely dress unlike in the first movie where she has dressed pink. Unlike the other princesses Mulan is neither married in the royal family nor a daughter of a king or queen yet she is considered to be a princess in the second movie. The first movie has all the four girls as princesses who are either married or born in the royal family. Ariel is brave in the first movie unlike in the second movie. She is a mother. The princesses have different walking and talking styles. In the second movie Snow White walks holding her skirt unlike in the first movie. Merida is seen matching which is not shown in the first movie. Merida’s movie should be musical which not the case is. The first movie is musical and enjoyed even by the audience. The second lady introducing the princesses does not do it in a friendly and exiting manner in the second movie which is considered different in the first movie. The first lady introduced the princesses in a happy and friendly manner. The princesses are happy and keep on smiling which is portrayed in both movies. The princesses love to smile and are happy always.
Jasmine is vulgar in the second movie just like Ariel is in the first movie. Mulan makes sacrifices for her family and nation. She becomes popular by doing this which gives a title to be a princess in Disney. She deserves being called a princess since none of the other princesses have shown such brave actions. The first movie does not portray such a brave character as Mulan is. In the first movie there is no order followed when introducing the princesses. In the second movie the Disney princesses are introduced in a chronological order showing how organized the Disney Company is. In the first movie the crowned princesses are just people from the royal family which is different in the second movie where Mulan breaks the royalty when she is made a princess as a result of her brave deeds. Being a princess should be more than the name of the family. Being a princess should involve ones achievements in life. The second movie portrays the character of princesses to be girlish. Most of the princesses do not behave like girls. Mulan is cheered by most people unlike Cindarella and aurora. People believes that Disney have gone an extra mile of changing the rules of becoming a princess. It is amazing that all the eleven princesses are shown together in the second movie. In the first movie only four princesses are seen. The princesses in the first movie are seen to dress in a way which is not decent while in the second movie, the princesses’ dress in long sleeved dresses which are highly decent.
Conclusion
From the above discussion it is true to conclude that Disney princesses are mostly daughters of kings and queens as well as those ones married by the princes. Disney is coming up with other strategies of qualifications for people to become princesses. For example in the case of Mulan who is seen to save her family as well as her country and later on becomes a princess under the influence of her father who is a chief. The princesses are used in order to attract customers of the Walt merchandise company. Many people admire to be princesses showing that the characters of most princesses are loved. Disney should therefore introduce more people to join the princesses and enhance more competition.
Works Cited
Hipster Disney princess- The MUSICAL. Online video clip. Youtube. Youtube. 1 october 2012. Web. 21 April 2014.
“All 11 Disney princesses gathering for the first time for Merida’s coronation at Walt Disney world”. Online video clip. Youtube. Youtube. 11 May 201. Web . 21 April 2014.
Narrative voice can be referred as the person who is narrating given information. Sometimes narrative voice can be a character or an unnoticed voice that offers the background information. It is essential for a person narrating a certain story to be able to engage readers. This is because they help them to pay attention to the content and makes the story to be more interesting. Good story tellers know how to engage readers especially at the beginning of the readings. It is said that a strong engaging beginning is essential as it sets a tone for the given piece of writing. In addition, it determines the entire content and the direction of the reading. Moreover, it helps in establishing the voice of the narrator. From this perspective, it can be seen that it is essential for writers or narrators to be in a position to provide a concise beginning that will engage the reader in the given content. This is because an engaging beginning helps to capture the reader’s attention and interest. This means that it invites him or her to submerge headfirst into the written text. It is essential to enhance narrative voices in any given text. This is because they create a certain relationship between them and the reader. This essay will clearly present a comparison of three texts with regard to their presentation and the effect of the narrative voice.
Compare and contrast in the presentation and effect of the narrative voice in your three chosen texts Great expectations, the rime of the ancient mariner and Talking heads.
Openings - how does narrative voice engage reader from the start? What other techniques are used to introduce narrative?
It is essential to enhance narrative voice as it creates familiarity between the reader and the narrator. With view of the three given texts, it can be seen that every author has his or her own way of engaging the begging of their text. Charles Dickens in his article called Great Expectations can be seen as a good writer as he has enhanced his narrative voice. Throughout the article, Dickens has used first person narrative. The first person narrative tends to be the main protagonist or character that is named as Pip. Therefore, Dickens narrative approach depends on the adult Pip’s comments on the young Pip’s actions and words (Dickens, 2012). Due to the use of first person in the beginning of the story, it can be seen that Dickens has pursued in engaging his readers throughout the text. For instance, the reader is made aware of certain changes that have taken place in the life of the protagonist. The reader is made aware that older Pip has attainted a different social and moral outlook that permits him to judge his character when he was young. Additionally, Dickens has engaged the readers, as they are aware of the underlying momentum and the reasons of Pip’s growth and development. Although this is not revealed in the entire content, the reader is alerted of certain changes that will take place in the live of Pip. Dickens’s narrative voice has engaged the reader from the start as he or she is aware of the changes that will take place on Pip. From the above point of view, it is evidenced that Dickens has a fascinating way of engaging the readers. This is because he has used different techniques and devices to engage the entire readers. For instance, his title is one way of engaging the reader. This is because the reader will be eager to know what the “Great Expectation” is. Dickens has also used some devices such as gothic genre, gothic setting and unusual characters. This can also engage the reader to read more (Dickens, 2012).
The rime of the ancient mariner is a poem that was written by Samuel Taylor Coleridge. Throughout the poem, it is seen that the poet has engaged the reader as he has used various devices. This is because the narrator has set up the action in a dramatic way. Two narrative voices in this poem include the story of the Mariner and the Wedding Guest (Coleridge, 1857). There is another story within a story that tends to take most of the poem and it entails Mariner’s voyage (Coleridge, 1857). Throughout the poem, Coleridge has used a third person narration, as he knows the thoughts of the two characters and the wedding guest (Coleridge, 1857). Through his work and the story about the Ancient Mariner, he has really engaged the readers. For instance, the alienation of the Ancient Mariner is the supernatural device that engages the readers (Coleridge, 1857). Through his word usage in the entire content, he has engaged the readers. Additionally, he has used various devices such as imagery that has played a big role in engaging the readers. Alan Bennett has also used many devices to engage the readers in his Talking Heads. His narrative voice has played a significant part. This is because it has engaged reader from the start. His title is one of the devices that engage the readers. This is because readers are eager to know what the title means. In the start of play, he has used humor to engage the readers, as they want to know what will happen to the live of the character. He has also used monologues in the start of the play. This plays as significant role as it gives the reader the personality of the character.
Genre / form / structure - implications Language & imagery
In the novel “Great Expectations”, Dickens has structured it in three parts. The first part entails the departure of Pip for London, the second part consist of his return of Magwitch and part three entails his life until the end(Dickens, 2012). The structure of the novel helps to alert the reader what each chapter will involve. This in advance gives the reader the interest to read the entire novel. Dickens has used a language that is described by many people as off-putting. This is because most of his vocabulary seems strange to modern readers. Additionally, he uses long and complex sentences. Great expectation has numerous imagery, for instance, Dickens has used different images to represent real objects. This helps the reader to figure out the hidden meaning of the novel. On the other hand, Coleridge has used a narrative structure in his poem. This is because he has written the poem in a way that every reader can be able to know what will follow. He has combined two genres. This is because the poem has a story within a story. On the other hand, Alan Bennett has structured his Talking head in a manner the reader can be able to know all the events that will take place. Through his use of monologue, he has portrayed the lives of characters.
Different possible readings Humour/ pathos
Dickens has also used pathos to appeal to the emotions of the readers. He also employs humor through his naming of the characters. This is because he has ridiculous characters that tend to have funny names. For instance, he has named one of the characters as pompous Uncle Pumblechook (Dickens, 2012). This is really a ridiculous name to call a character. The character that was named as Abel Magwitch has aroused the emotion of the reader (Coleridge, 1857). For instance, when he was captured he displays sympathy to the reader. From Coleridge poem, it can be evidenced that humor is consistent with pathos. This is because he has appealed to pathos that has changed the emotions of the readers. Alan Bennett has used various devices that create humor to the readers. Several emotions arise when Irene tries to write a letter informing the person that their wife is a prostitute (Bennett & Bennett, 2007). This displays pathos that was used when writing the entire letter. Additionally, he creates humor that displays people’s suffering.
Presentation of authors themes Endings
Theme endings entail how the authors have presented the themes in a text. The reader can identify various themes very easily while the rest requires the reader to read between the lines in order to reveal them. Dickens in his Great Expectations has established a number of themes endings showing the life of Pips. In addition, his themes are well presented and the reader can identify them more easily. Dickens has presented a theme that tends to explore the ideas of aspiration and self- improvement (Dickens, 2012). Through changes that Pip has undergone, it can be evidenced that he has a self-improvement. This shows that Dickens has presented his themes in a way that the reader can easily identify them. This offers a reader a clear message of the novel. In “The rime of the ancient mariner”, Coleridge has presented numerous themes. For instance, the theme of power of imagination is well portrayed and every reader can be in a position to identify it from the beginning of the poem. This shows that he has presented his themes in a way that an individual can review them quickly. Allan Bennett has also presented themes in a manner that the reader can know what is happening in the entire play. He has presented the theme of human frailty that changes readers a lot (Bennett & Bennett, 2007). From the above, it can be seen that the presentation of the author’s themes endings helps the reader to get the entire message of the content.
Narrative perspective- how many layers - what effects achieved?
The Great Expectation was written in the first person perspective. Narration perspectives used by Dickens include an adult perspective as well as the double perspective. The first person perspective enables the reader to portray the real picture of the narrator. The adult perspective tells all the information necessary for the audience in an interesting manner. Pip telling his own story shows the audience about his own feelings and his view of the world according to his own perspective. The narrator is able to make his audience to understand the story better. On the day Joe visits him he is able to narrate the story using the first person perspective until the audience get in to more details about the occurrences (Dickens, 2012). His change of vocabulary from time to time captures his audience more. His use of the first person present and first person past spoken enables the audience gets the childhood narration of Pip in a good way. The use of double perspective is continuous in the Charles Dickens play to attract his audience and enhance his way of narration. The Rime of the Ancient Mariner is written and narrated in short stanzas but made up of long lines up to nine lines. This enhances use of the third person perspective especially in part one of the poem. Coleridge is aware of all the happenings of the poem. Religion is the main focus of this poem where God is regarded as omnipresent. Flashback is an example if a technique employed in this poem. This happens when the reader is taken back to the events of the journey itself. This enables the reader to get the flow of the poem in the correct order and happening of the events (Coleridge, 1857). Dramatic dialogue is also another perspective used in the poem. Mariner tells the story in a dramatic dialogue in many situations where the narrator enables the reader to know the frame of the poem. Coleridge also employs the use of double perspective since he uses two different stories in his poem and narration. He uses the double perspective to show the reader how dramatic dialogue can cause effect during narration and the effects of using flash back to the audience. Alan Bennett’s Talking Heads were written and recorded to be viewed in the television during 1987.the perspective used in here is that of single point of view. None of the characters in the narration tells the complete story. The sexuality issue in Graham, alcoholism involving Suzan and Muriel’s husband issue are not discussed well enough to be understood by the reader. The use of this perspective creates suspense to the audience (Bennett & Bennett, 2007). Each monologue is made by Bennett’s in order to make the narration possible to the audience.
Use of irony and how it is shaped
The use of irony is seen in these three texts. In Great Expectation Pip’s backer is seen as Miss Havisham which is the seen as central irony. Miss Havisham portrays herself good to the people and is also liked by the people. This is ironical since she is not a supporter of Pip. In chapter 39, Pip is stroked by irony since he realizes the true picture of Miss Havisham (Dickens, 2012). He realizes that Estella was not chosen for her by Miss Havisham as she claimed. Joe and Biddy have experienced rudeness and roughness of Pip in the name of the Miss Havisham. He is rude to them and cannot take back the rude behavior which he showed to them. The relationship between these two is ironic (Dickens, 2012). Estella says that Pip does not have a heart. She says that she does not care about Pip yet in real sense she cares which is ironical. Irony is well used throughout the narration of this story in order to capture his audience and make the story lively. Verbal irony and situational irony are used in the poem by Coleridge “Water, water, everywhere, and all the boards did shrink; Water, water, everywhere, nor any drop to drink (Coleridge, 1857).” This is ironical since there is not even a single drop of water for the characters to drink. This makes the readers interested to read the poems. Irony creates imagination to readers who gain interests in reading the poem. The mariners are very thirsty and surrounded everywhere by water which they cannot drink. Verbal irony is used unlike in the Great Expectation where comic irony is throughout the whole story. Irony in this poem involves a gap between what is understood by people and the suggestions of the speaker or narrator. It is conflict of two meanings where the people actually conflict with the reader. The reader must understand the meaning of the text in detail before making the conclusion in order to get the real meaning of what the writer intended to. This is seen in the mariners where they cannot drink water yet the ship is surrounded by water. The reader should understand the text in detail until the right meaning is found. Bennett uses irony in his work too as a way of impressing his readers. Each character in the story pretends to be what they are not. Susan who is an alcoholic hides her behavior from the people and pretends to be a good person. Graham is a homosexuality and does not portray it to the people (Bennett & Bennett, 2007). Doris is wishing for her death and in real sense she does not want to die. Each character has a weakness which is well hidden and is not shown to the people. Just like portrayed by Coleridge situational irony is shown by all the characters in the poem (Coleridge, 1857). They pretend to be good which is ironic since in real life situations they all have immoral weaknesses.
Symbolism Contextual factors Social and ethical subtexts
Charles dickens uses much symbolism in his work. For example fire is used all over his story. Fire symbolizes demolition, craving, warmness and understanding. In the beginning of the story fire is seen to be good as it provides warmth to the people. Fire symbolizes Joe’s kind hearted nature and warmth in his heart. Social class is a theme of consideration in the story. Fire is also seen in Satis House. Fire here symbolizes the heart of Miss Havisham which is cold and destructive. Fire in this situation is a symbol that destructiveness and crimes are present in this story. These are unethical issues which should have been eradicated in the society (Dickens, 2012). Pip and Estella are of different social classes where at fight Pip was uncomfortable by the treat given to him by Estella. Satis House and Miss Havisham are symbols symbolizing the rotten life lived by Miss Havisham and the bad influence she has on Estella. She is corrupt and raises Estella in a corrupt way. The weather in this story foretells and is a sign of danger. It foretells the disappointment which Pip is yet to encounter but eventually encounters it. Bentley Drummle is a symbol that class distinction is clearly seen and felt in this story which is wrong. The Rime of Ancient Mariner by Coleridge uses symbolism in his poem. Albatross follows the ship signifying good luck to the mariner. This is symbol of luck to the mariner which is well captured by the writer. This bird is later killed by mariner which angers the rest of the sailors since it was a sign of good luck for the ship and the sailors. The mariner is the only remaining sailor after all his friends died as a result of the ghost misfortunes (Coleridge, 1857). The dead corpse of Albatross is a symbol that misfortunes follow immoral people. People with no moral ethics are not supported by the society. The spirits in this poem are symbols of misfortunes and fortunes which the mariner and his fellows must face. The spirits are symbols of religion such that religious people are followed by good spirits while the immoral people are followed by death spirits. Good spirits come from God where one should pray to God in order to access the good spirits. Alan Bennett also uses symbolism in his work. Suburban hell is a symbol that every character is facing difficulties in that society. It symbolizes the unhappy status of most characters. The middle class people are seen to commit unethical behaviors such as drunkenness and thoughts of death (Bennett & Bennett, 2007). The society is seen to commit social crimes and live comfortable with such bad and unethical lives. Nothing is condemned in this society since unethical behaviors are people’s way of life. This social living full of crimes is shown in the three texts showing that the society is falling people.
Conclusion
From the above point of view the three writers clearly show the importance of social ethics. The societies in the three books are seen to commit social crimes and are not condemned. The use of imagery, symbolism, narrative perspectives and narratives tones is well shown by the writers. Narrative techniques and methods are used to make the readings of interest to the readers thereby making the reading interesting and captivating. The three texts use narrative techniques and language as a way of attracting different readers. The writers have achieved since most of the people enjoy reading these texts.
References
Bennett, A., & Bennett, A. (2007). Talking heads. London: BBC.
Coleridge, S. (1857). The Rime of the Ancient Mariner. Champaign, Ill. [P.O. Box 2782, Champaign 61825]: Project Gutenberg.
Dickens. C. “(2012). Great expectations. Cricket House Books LLC
Writing Logically, Thinking Critically is the title of Sheila Cooper’s book. Chapter three of the book is related to Plato’s "Euthyphro" since they both describe what a conclusion and a premise imply in a given argument. "Euthyphro" describes the beliefs of different people and conclusions people come up with which are just examples of stereotypes. Both books challenges the conclusion made by people as to whether it is the best conclusion followed by the premise. The reasons for making a conclusion depends on the information given and the premise given which at times people do not follow. Sheila coopers book in chapter three discusses the usefulness of students writing clear points and word containing wisdom when dealing with arguments. Arguments do not require unnecessary clarification and ideas. They require a clear premise followed by a correct conclusion in support of the given premise. Sheila shows example of how students should construct arguments and what to be avoided when dealing with arguments. Plato in his "Euthyphro" shows how the dialogue is full of premises and conclusions during the argument with Socrates. Sheila reminds students that joining words should be used throughout the argument as a way of differentiating between premises and conclusions. He emphasizes on “showing the wisdom of your position” rather than simply “clarifying” an idea” (Biffle 19). Plato suggests that arguments are not complete without given correct premises supported by valid conclusions. He emphasizes on valid arguments which he suggests that they should be clearly supported by clear and comprehendible conclusions.
Both writers emphasize on the issue of hidden assumptions in constructing arguments. Hidden assumptions have an effect on the leaders of given arguments. For example in Plato’s "Euthyphro" they are used to show the difference between a given premise and conclusions made and suggest whether the argument is considered valid or invalid. There are many hidden assumptions used to express the argument between Socrates and Euthyphro. Sheila has also shown the impacts of hidden assumptions on the arguments to the reader. “If you are on alert for such deceptions, you are better able to evaluate what you read and hear as a way of protecting your interests” (Cooper 62). This shows that Sheila maintains use of hidden assumptions but at the same time alerts students to note the impacts they have to the readers. Both writers emphasize that the language used when making arguments should be easy to comprehend and learn as a way of making students understand. Both writers suggest that the given conclusion made in a certain argument should relate with the given premise. Premises must be made for a conclusion to be made too in a correct manner. An argument will be considered valid if the premises given are in accordance with the conclusion made. Thus, the conclusion in given argument is derived from the premises provided. An argument can have a given premise and a right conclusion but bears hidden assumptions like in the case of “A Guided Tour of Five Works by Plato by Christopher Biffle”. Plato describes the irony used by Socrates to overpower Euthyphro’s ideas on the issue about holiness where Euthyphro believed so much in religion. In that argument there is a premise, conclusion and a given hidden assumption which shows how valid the argument is. Plato describes a valid argument as the one with true premises, valid conclusions and hidden assumptions just like Sheila coppers does.
Works Cited
Biffle, Christopher, and Plato. A Guided Tour of Five Works by Plato: With Complete Translations of Euthyphro, Apology, Crito, Phaedo (the Death Scene), and "allegory of the Cave". Mountain View, Calif: Mayfield Pub. Co, 2001. Print.
Langston Hughes was the most prominent social activist and an American Poet. He was also a famous playwright, novelist and a columnist. He was born in February1 1902 in Joplin, Missouri (Hughes 210). His father was called James Hughes and her mother was Carrie. It is said that when Langston was born his parent separated and his father decided to move to Mexico. He graduated from high school in the year 1992 and spent the following year with his dad in Mexico (Hughes 210). He first enrolled himself to the University of Columbia; however, he left after a period of year to travel and he was able to work in various jobs around New York.
Hughes’s mother had also moved around during his youthful age. This means that he was left without his parent support. However, he was left under his tender grandmother who was called Mary. This shows that he was primary raised by his grandmother until when she died during his teen’s age. When his grandmother died, he was forced to go and live with her mother where they were in a position to visit several cities. However, they decided to settle in Cleveland, Ohio. It was during this entire time when he started to write his first poem. Langston Hughes is known as a famous and earliest innovator of the new literary art form Jazz poetry (Hughes 120). In addition, he is best known for his entire work during the Harlem Renaissance (Hughes 210). He famously wrote about the period, "Harlem was in vogue (Hughes 210)." It is believed that when Langston Hughes was in Cleveland, Ohio, one of his best teachers had pioneered him to the poetry of Carl Sandburg and Walt Whitman (Hughes 210). He later cited these poets as his primary influences as they both inspired him to his poetry.
The reason why Langston Hughes becomes a writer is the fact that he was spending most of the time alone. This means that during his free time, he could use his creativity to write some of fascinating stories on a paper. Additionally, a woman known as Alice walker inspired him to become a writer and eventually writing became a passion to Hughes and he turn it into his career (Tracy 102).
What inspired Langston Hughes to become a poet?
It is believed that Langston Hughes was inspired by his poor and rough upbringing in Cleveland, Ohio to become a poet (Tracy 102). The fact that he was staying under the support of his grandmother, he had remained distant from his parent, these challenge him a lot, and the thought for writing a poem came into his mind. This is due to the fact that through writing he could become a responsible person who can be in a position to take care of him and the entire family. For this reason, his struggles had also played a critical part in inspiring him to become a poet. The fact that he spends most of his time with his grandmother, who was narrating stories of the past, developed him a deep interest in history and as a result, he was inspired to write fascinating and educative poems (Tracy 102). Another thing that inspired him to become a poet was his own identity. The fact that he belonged to a race that sometimes could not accept him made him much inspired by this idea (Hughes 210). This shows that his cultural identify and the ridicule of blacks inspired many of his poetry.
Why was Langston Hughes popular?
James Langston Hughes was born in 1902 where he was a poet, a novel writer and a writer of short stories and plays. He is popular as a poet in America as he started his first poet in 1921. He was the first African American poet with quality sound which made him popular in America. He is well known for fighting for the rights of African American who are oppressed by the American culture. He is well known for his support of black people since he was one of them. He is well known for translating foreign poets and plays in the English language (Hughes 112). He was a well established poet which enhanced his popularity. He was popular for he said important things to black people living in America. He was a poet and a writer for a period of many years where he was an influence to other poets and writers in America inclusive of white poets. His writing is remembered by all people who knew and understood his poets, newspaper writings and children stories for a period of fifty years. His work and poets had a message to the people as he discussed racial discrimination issues and matters relating to injustices blacks suffer in America (Hughes 120). His poets are loved by people and have been translated to a number of languages globally. He is seen to give praise to people who promote social equality and are not discriminative in nature. His stories were at times unpleasant but he made them come out clearly for people to understand them in a pleasant manner.
Why did people enjoy Langston Hughes poetry?
He was proud of his black race which did not hinder him fro writing poets. He lived with his grandmother after his parents separated which influenced his writings. His grandmother told him of the unending slavery which he describes in his messages and brings it in a manner understandable and pleasant to people. People enjoy his poets as he describes important things about the black race and what most people want to hear. “The Negro Speaks of Rivers” is one of the most enjoyed poets by Langston (Hughes 151). He describes the strength and pride in the black race where he argues that thou seen inferior, the black race is the most superior and powerful race. People enjoy reading his poets which are full of his experiences to many parts of the world. He was an established professional writer who wrote poets mostly based on the culture of black people during his visit to Africa. The poets are interesting and based on travel and real life experiences especially with his family. He gives examples of how the skin color has influence indifferent parts of the world. His writings are full of creativity which he gained from the time he lived in Harlem making his writings interesting and enjoyable. He is regarded as the first poet in America to use the rhythm of music in his work which makes it interesting since it is a combination of music and writings. "The Weary Blues" are examples of colorful music poems which Langston wrote while in clubs enjoying jazz music which enhance him write enjoyable and interesting poems which are known globally (Tracy 102).
Topics in Langston Hughes poetry work
Langston describes the issue of social justice in America. Blacks are treated unequally compared to the whites. This makes Langston write on how his father escaped to Mexico as he ran away from injustices in Harlem. In addition he portrays how loneliness to kids can be caused as a result of separation of the parents. He suffered when his parents separated due to family problems. Parents are suppose to support their kids in careers the kids are interested in which Langston shows how his father wanted him to study engineering. He wanted to become a writer which was supported by his mother unlike the father who could only pay for him to study engineering. Racial discrimination is a topic well discussed by Langston as he shows how blacks suffer in America due to the color of their skin. When he travelled to Italy he realized that skin color was an important factor for one to travel by ship. He describes racial discrimination and injustices from his own experience. Langston shows how financial constraints can lead to loss of career as he describes his experience in Italy (Bloom 117). His poets are loved by people since he comes out clearly to show how neither racial nor other injustices cannot hinder ones success in their career. He is successful and popular globally regardless of his skin color and ethnicity.
Relationship between the year 1920 and Langston
Langston Hughes graduated from high school in the year 1920. He moved to Mexico to live with his father who was living there after he ran away from racial discrimination in Harlem (Haugen 210). His father was not welcoming which caused pain to Langston who wrote his poem titled "The Negro Speaks of Rivers." This is a famous poem discussing the delight of black individuals who are civilized. He learned more about racism and economic developments taking place in Mexico (Haugen 210). Since he was brown and able to communicate in Spanish language, he did not face much racism in Mexico but was able to write a good number of poems.
Langston Hughes influence and connect to Gatsby
Many of Langston’s work have influenced many people. For instance, he has played a critical role in uniting and inspiring large number of black community. This is evidenced when the black community was not appreciated by most of the white society. Additionally, he became the unauthorized poet laureate of the Harlem Renaissance which was the entire movement during the 1920s and 1930s in America in which all black including artists, activists, writers, musicians, and performers had found new ways to walk around and celebrate the black practice (Tracy 102). Through his poems and writings, he has influenced the work many writers. This is due to the fact that his writing was educative and could argue people to leave racism. The fact that Langston had written poem reflecting on his rough upbringing, he has influenced many people who do not have hope for becoming success. Additionally, his experience influences the way people sees life as his grandmother brought him about and through this kind of life he was able to struggle in order to become a successful man who could take care of him and the family. The great Gatsby is connected to Langston in a way that most of his works are related to this novel as the writer was focusing on the issue of racism. From this perspective, it can be seen that most of Langston’s work has influenced many writers especially Fitzgerald who wrote the Great Gatsby (Bloom 117).
Works Cited
Bloom, Harold. Langston Hughes. New York: Blooms Literary Criticism, 2008. Internet resource.
Haugen, Brenda. Langston Hughes: The Voice of Harlem. Minneapolis, Minn: Compass Point Books, 2006. Print.
‘A Visit from the Goon Squad’ is the title of Jennifer Egan’s short story who is the writer of the entire novel. She is seen to bring out the issue of digital revolution which is widely discussed globally. Digital revolution is taking place globally with new changes in the communication and transport industry. The new technology is bringing in new changes in the world especially in the economic, social and entertainment sector. Political and government policies give new room for digital changes. As technology becomes modern and digital change is felt, environmental pollution posses as a negative impact towards digital revolution. Many negative effects are experienced globally as a result of climate changes causing natural calamities like floods and draught cases. The ICT sector is promoting digital revolution since many developments are as a result of the modern technology globally. Digital revolution is used especially in the music industry where even small kids are able to identify the music stars within the globe that are able to apply the modern technology in writing their songs. Digital revolution is well depicted in the novel by the writer in terms of cultural changes as well as changes in the music industry.
The book has faced criticism from people of being a short story rather than a novel but the author clearly suggests that it is a novel. Sarah Churchwell a renowned American lecturer has discussed the book and emphasized on the key issues in the book. The novel is about various antagonistic characters and how various human ideas are different and can be utilized differently. “Time's a goon, right? You gonna let that goon push you around?” (Egan, 2010) each person in the novel is penalized by time and circumstances to which they live. The loved ones cause disappointments to most characters that live under painful circumstances of the past without hope of a bright future. The music industry is reflected in the novel where the youngsters are aware of the current and traditional music stars as a result of the society they live in (Savage, 2008).Lou is portrayed as a young girl who is seen to seduce the music producers and who within a short time becomes an adviser to a group of youngsters forming a male music band (Melander, 2011). The music industry is seen to get support since it has had many music producers including Bennie and journalists to air the music and makes it popular to the public.
Alison’s brother is seen to be in love with rock music and the pauses the music has. The pauses in the rock music are symbolic to show the differences between family members. The music industry is seen to be transformed by the digital revolution as Bennie observes. The sound is well made under the influence of new technology thus enhancing many producers who are able to produce songs in regard with the new technology. The culture of the people in the novel as elgan puts it is seen to be transformed by the digital revolution as a result of the modern technology. The language of the people is also seen to change from worse to best as the revolution is modernized to digital. The music industry as well as the sound industry has had positive impacts as result of the improved technology. As Egan discusses her last chapter she emphasizes more on the language where she wonders how children can survive without a modern language. "If thr r children, thr mst b a fUtr, rt?" (Egan, 2010) Egan imagines a time when the language becomes decomposed as result of more and more digital changes. Language relies more on the technology at present and thus decomposing the English language can lead to future miscommunication.
The people are seen to live in an environment which is not full of chaos. Little misunderstanding may occur but are solved by people without much chaos. The society is seen as a peaceful society with rise in utilization of modern technology. People who are seen to cause harm to the society are always regarded as history later in future (Egan, 2010). The digital revolution is seen to cause negative impacts to the people in this society. Bennie’s wife has a brother who is involved in a rape case in which he is accused of attempting to rape an actress by the name kitty Jackson. The journalist is seen to go against the culture of the society which is wrong. The digital revolution is seen to contribute negatively to growth of children. Children are so focused and occupied with learning the modern music and the modern music stars, actresses and actors instead of focusing more on their education. “My 9-year-old loves Lady Gaga and refers to Madonna as ‘old school’. There’s no way to avoid becoming part of the past.” (Egan, 2010) Egan is seen to quote in her book that the culture of the society is deteriorating as a result of changes in technology. Rock music is seen to be the most loved by the people where they follow the musicians associated with rock music. The culture of the people is dependent on the music where the culture is seen to change with change in technology (Savage, 2008).
Egan uses a power point print out to show that the society is digital and makes use of the modern technology. Egan’s experiments and examples revolve around use of power point as a way of showing that the ICT sector is turning digital. The community is taking the modern trend in its way of carrying out activities for example in the music producing industry where sound has been enhanced by use of digital equipments (Egan, 2010). The children for example Alison’s brother can differentiate between the current and old musicians as a result of advanced technology in the new music industry. The youth is seen to lose its innocence since they are able to access modern music which interferes with their culture and have a negative impact on the youth. The innocent culture of the youth is fading away as a result of the modern technology adapted by the youth and especially teenagers. Egan is seen to show how digital revolution impacts on the culture of the society positively and negatively. The future is also affected by the technology in use (Egan, 2010).
Conclusion
From the above discussion the author outlays the impacts of digital revolution which are both positive and negative. Culture and language depend on the technology being used by the people. Culture is impacted by change in technology and as shown by the author can result to harmful effects on the young generation. The music industry which depends on the type of technology in use can corrupt the behavior of teenagers and contribute to their moral growth. The music industry is seen to be transformed by the digital revolution as Bennie observes and thus the music industry benefits as result of ICT developments.
References
Egan, J. (2010). A visit from the Goon Squad. New York: Alfred A. Knopf.
Jagodzinski, . (2006). Youth Fantasies: The Perverse Landscape of the Media. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
Melander, R. (2011). Write-a-thon: Write your book in 26 days (And Live to Tell About It). Cincinnati: F+W Media.
Savage, J. (2008). Teenage: The prehistory of youth culture, 1875-1945. New York: Penguin.
Nathaniel Hawthorne’s story ‘Young Goodman Brown’ has often been discussed in terms of lessons he portrays to his readers. Hawthorne is an author of a short story by the name ‘Young Goodman Brown’ who was born in Salem. Hawthorne discusses his culture where he describes it as a puritan culture. He shows how hypocrisy has affected the culture of the people and eventually leading to loss of religious beliefs and Faith. The story begins where Young Goodman Brown abandons his wife for a night journey which he must travel alone. He encounters a man dressed like him who initiates him to join his cult and who he later discovers is Satan. Young Goodman Brown and his wife Faith get initiated to a cult where Young Goodman Brown does not believe in his wife any more. He lives in a Christian community who do not believe in such unreal and witches activities which to his unexpectation are pretence. The main theme and lesson portrayed by Hawthorne is the critical effect of the puritan belief that all human beings are sinful right at their birth. This religious belief according to Hawthorne is harmful and destructive to the well being of the people. He also shows how women are harassed by men in the society where members follow religious beliefs even those ones which cause harm to an individual. People are seen to suffer alienation from this society and the negative effects of shame. Hawthorne teaches his readers on the lesson of following the right religious beliefs and activities and not accepting the earthly people interferer with ones Faith. He shows the dangers of following a strange religion fast and advices his readers to stick to the true and right Faith.
Goodman brown is a young married man living in Salem which is his place of birth. He takes a decision that he will rebel from following religious beliefs and swears to follow the “dark side” (Hawthorne 201). He has lived to know that human beings are sinners right from their time of birth where he claims that this belief is destructive and terms it as Puritanism. He has been educated on many life lessons and experiences where is told that people must face temptations by Satan in a number of ways. He is taught that there is heaven and hell and that his ways in earth determines the final destination either heaven or hell. Heaven is excluded for the people who follow religious beliefs and faith while hell is designed for those rebellious people. He is not shaken and beliefs that what he does on earth will not determine his destination and target after his death. He encounters a stranger who resembles him in the forest. The stranger asks him to hold his serpent which he holds though terrified of this person who looks like him. “Come, Goodman Brown," cried his fellow traveler, "this is a dull pace for the beginning of a journey. Take my staff, if you are so soon weary” (Hawthorne 401). Brown is initiated in the cult and even introduces it to his wife Faith that clearly supports it. Brown is surprised to see some religious people are followers of Satan and he losses faith in his Christian religion “My Faith is gone! There is no good on earth, and sin is but a name”.
Goodman is invited by Satan to a ceremony inside the forest where him, others followers of Satan and his wife are celebrating together with their leader. He tries to show his wife that they are following the wrong destination which is hell and pleads with his wife that they are suppose to look at heaven which is the desired right destination. "Look up to heaven, and resist the wicked one." He is surprised to learn that the righteous men and women are in competition with Satan in order to avoid his temptations and follow in to his deadly traps. He is not able to save himself and learns that everyone surrounding him is actually a sinner. He learns that everything on earth is not right from the lessons taught that everybody is a sinner from birth time. He makes an attempt to escape away from evil but Satan is right beside him advising him that “We are but a little way in the forest, yet"(Hawthorne 402). He is very sad since he wants to go back to his rightful religion and stick to his faith for him to be destined to heaven. He remembers that for him to go to heaven, his faith is stern on awful and wrong acts such as following the devil who he is encountering physically. The devil has already had power over Goodman who learns that other known people, religious men, women and other public leaders are followers of the devil. He is even more surprised to learn that his own father and grandfather though pretending to be very religious were actually followers of Satan and did everything in his power and command. The theme of foreshadowing is well elaborated in this situation which makes Goodman surprised and confused.
Goody Cloyse is a religious old man who Brown learns is a follower of Satan. His language is full of symbolism after he learns that the unexpected people are actually the followers of sin and the devil. "Is that any reason why I should quit my dear Faith, and go after her?” (Hawthorne 403) The devil entices him to follow his actions since the religious people are following him which he sees as a wrong reason to actually quit his faith. Hawthorne teaches his readers that the world should not act as a hindrance to the gates of heaven. He learns that a crowd of voices is blocking him as he looks up to heaven and pray. Brown surrenders to forces of darkness when he hears his wife’s voice among the group which is on the dark side. "My Faith is gone!” (Hawthorne 404) He is sad to submit that his faith is no more. Faith is a symbolic name to emphasize how Faith follows the dark forces regardless of her name which implies she should be faithful to her righteous religion instead of sin. Brown abandons the rightful path to heaven and once the path is abandoned it is hard to recover it since one is confused and enticed to follow the devils desires. Brown is seen to save his soul by directly pleading in heaven where the dark cover instantly disappears and is left a liberated man again. He is confused of the society he is living in where he is does not know the fate of the people surrounding him. He is a sad man living in a society full of hypocrisy, pretence and sin though the people pretend to be religious and following the teachings toward heaven. He now knows that the public figures and other religious people are actually the followers of the devil inwardly but on the other hand pretend to be followers of heaven.
Brown is seen to love his faith but the earthy nature on the other hand is pulling him away. "Faith kept me back awhile". He tells the devil in their conversation which is ironical that his faith is pulling him away from joining the devil’s cult but Satan confuses and convinces him to follow his father and grandfathers example. Hawthorne in this story shows his readers the dangers of abandoning ones religion and joining another one. One is urged to stick to the right religion by following the rules and regulations of the religion as a way of sticking toward the destination of heaven. Brown after his encounter with the sinful world becomes "a stern, a sad, and a darkly meditative" (Hawthorne 152) who vows not to listen to the sinful people in his surrounding. His soul is saved and thus he is back to his faith which will destine him to heaven. The forest here is symbolic representing the devils world while Faith is symbolic representing those believers who pretend to be following the right religion while they are not. He learns that he cannot judge people by their looks but by their actions. Sinful people are the greatest percentage in his surrounding though they have leant religious beliefs which they neglect and follow in to the devils temptations. He is very surprised to learn that the old man who taught him his catechism lessons is an associate of the devil, "And there was a world of meaning in this simple comment" (Hawthorne 151). He is scared to learn that the unexpected people in the society are associates of sin and Satan. It is therefore necessary to conclude that Hawthorne is educating people in the society that they are not suppose to follow sinful actions and instead follow the right path to heaven. Hawthorne teaches his readers that the road to evil is fast which people should avoid.
The novel is authorized by a well known environmentalist named McCarthy who shows how a father and a son managed to stand a disaster. A dying father is able to protect his son in times of starvation and constant attacks and threats. McCarthy together with other environmentalists are perceived as people who can save the neglected earth. It is true from the book that the ecosystem makes people independent. People cannot survive without the biosphere as part of the ecosystem and thus people in the modern world should protect the environment just like McCarthy advocates for its protection (Mccarthy 124).
The son and the father are on a journey which involves many obstacles which they are unable to overcome. For example their travel through a lonely wilderness clearly shows that the wilderness is full of American evil. The wilderness is seen to be terrifying since many cannibals live there who cause harm to the harmless environment. The environment is supposed to be protected by the people under the influence of political and social factors where both the government and society are involved (Mccarthy 124). The people in this wilderness have neglected the land which should be instead cultivated for benefits of crop production. There exist a good relationship between the natural environment and human beings where humans should take good care of the environment since they are the beneficiaries. The Road is a useful critique on nature and the surrounding clearly pointing out that threatening the environment results to negative consequences for example experienced by the boy and his father (Mccarthy 124).
Many people suffer as a result of a natural disaster. The father and son in this novel are seen to struggle hard in order to survive in the harsh surrounding of American environment. It is true that even to date the suffering is worse since many deaths are caused by negligence of the environment. Many disasters are attributed to the devastating environment where man is responsible for degrading it. The man and the young son are examples of how human beings struggle hard to survive in the harsh environment which was originally suitable but has been later degraded. The consequences of the forefathers are seen to cause harm to the lives of the young generation just like it is shown in The Road. The son and his father struggle in order to get food, shelter and clothing for them to stand the cruel environment. For example during winter the father advices his son that they should move to look for suitable environments and food (Mccarthy 122). The son is born in a time when a catastrophe has taken place and thus does not enjoy a suitable environment rather than the cruel one which is degraded by individuals.
Disasters and especially human caused disasters results to deaths. For example the boy’s mother commits suicide after the disaster since she suffers a lot during the disaster period. The mother could not stand living in a degraded environment full of sufferings and climate degradation. Today’s world is even worse since many people die as a result of environment negligence which leads to disasters such as floods and starvation. The son and his father admires good climate and thus travel to the coast only to find that due to environmental degradation, the climate is much worse and unsuitable. From the modern world it is true to say that environmental negligence results to changes in climate thus causing global warming resulting to floods and other catastrophes (Mccarthy 122). The environment should not be degraded and thus upcoming groups and organizations are against environmental degradation as it causes human made disasters which results to deaths and other calamities just like shown by McCarthy.
Works Cited
Mccarthy, C. The road. London, Picador. 2010. Print.
The Media Student's Book by Gill Branston and Roy Stafford is a book discussing the media and its database and helps mass media students gain knowledge on key important politics on the media. The book covers important media challenges facing the media currently.
In chapter 6 of the book the media is viewed to have ideologies and discourses according to the Marxist approaches. The media function differently as a result of the ideological differences to which it was initially attached thus it is seen to be different in terms of social and political affairs. Different media groups have different structures of organizations thus showing how media is an independent structure in various governments (Gill & Stafford, 183). The media is seen to interact differently with the people where some media groups are seen to give negative stereotypes of some ethnic groups which make the interaction different thus posing challenges to some media groups. The media is challenged for stereotyping Arab American teenagers by promoting hate crime which is actually unfair since the rights of Arabic people should not be violated. The media in some cases is criticized for giving false information which at times cause negative impacts to the public for example the case of unemployment news which were replaced by stories of a member of parliament who was involved in corruption. This shows how media is portrayed both in Britain and the United States of America (Gill & Stafford, 183). Differences resulting from different media groups at times cause negative effects to the people receiving the information since different media groups can at times give false information. Narratives are example of key points used in the film where they are used to discuss the powerful impacts of ideological differences and how such differences challenge the media. Hollywood films which are clearly shown on the media are some times unsuitable which results to closure of some studios. In this chapter the media is described as ideologically different thus posing challenges in its activities (Gill & Stafford, 183).
In chapter seven the media is described as a mass business model. The media is venturing in to the modern and current business models as a way of keeping the public informed. The case study in this chapter reveals the challenges and crisis the media is involved in when dealing with music, cinema and publication of newspapers and magazines (Gill & Stafford, 204). Televisions which show the film and other current models are more vulnerable to crisis and challenges especially in the film and music industries. Traditional media for example newspapers and magazines is different from the current and modern media inclusive of televisions and cinemas. Three business models are discussed in this chapter where an outline of various media regulations is also shown since media groups are guided by regulations. The regulations must be clearly followed failure to which consequences can result (Gill & Stafford, 204). In both chapters we can suggest that media groups have different ideologies and show negative stereotyping which posses as great threat to the current media especially. Gill Branston and Roy Staffor discuses these chapters and brings out the issue of environment which the media should respect. The media is seen to show various global celebrities and show other media documentaries which keep people alert on informal news (Gill & Stafford, 204). The media as discussed in these two chapters should avoid negative stereotyping, follow the given regulation and avoid ideological differences for it to remain successful.
Works Cited
Gill Branston, Roy Stafford. The Media Student's Book (5th Revised edition). (2010)
A Stock character is a stereotyped imagined character that is recognized by audiences easily as a result of often being recurrent in the tradition. They are characters that are easily targets for satire and are mainly criticized as characters that are secure.
‘The brother’ whose author is well known as Terence describes stock characters in his comedy. Micion who is Demea’s brother is seen to be very reckless in his parenting of Demea’s child named Aeschinus. Demea is a very strict parent who lives his child to be handled and guided by the mischievous bachelor brother (Terence et.al 234). Micion is seen to spoil the child since the child is seen to steal a girl from her house. Micion here is seen as a stock character since he is well targeted by the author of the book to clearly portray family parenting. Micion is blamed for everything here since Demea holds him responsible for all the misfortunes the family has been involved in and blames him for the actions of his child in impregnating the mother of a girl friend (Terence et.al 234). Demea thinks that he is the very first person to know of the misfortunes which is ironical since the son and Micion know everything which makes the son fear telling his father since he is strict. Micion is seen to be different than people thought he really was.
The Midsummer Night’s Dream is a well known comedy by William Shakespeare which shows the happenings surrounding Puck. The stock character found in this comedy is known as Puck who is a mischievous character who has been a nuisance to the local society by taking advantage of housewives who are bartered by their husband (Gagarin et.al, 5). Puck loves fun making and always love jokes even where seriousness is deserved. Shakespeare uses many characters in this comedy and portrays Puck as the stock character since he do not do as per the people’s expectation just like Micion who is also portrayed by Terence as a reckless parent.
Today’s media also uses the stock characters in their comedy activities. For example in the comedy of ‘Blackface’ the stock characters have been used to show how discrimination is one form of racism and which should not be accepted (Mahar et.al 494). The comedy uses stereotypes of two characters Jim Crow and Zip Coon who at last are stereotyped as Coon to show how racial discrimination is stereotyped especially by the comedies in the media. Buck in this comedy is the main stock character who is black in origin and is proud regardless of his color and always has interest in the white ladies who are not his class (Mahar et.al 494). These are example of stereotypes mainly shown in the American comedy films which are very similar to the traditional comedies since the use of stock characters is emphasized currently and traditionally.
The ‘Braggart’ is also an example of a current comedy where stock characters are widely used. Pyrgopolynices is the stock character in this comedy and is portrayed to be a solder who is braggart who conduct himself in an awkward manner and is arrogant in nature. He is proud and does not accept defeat and cannot be humble in dealing with other people (Charney et.al, 116). Similar to the ancient comedies by Terence and Shakespeare the modern comedies use stock characters to show the unacceptable stereotypes used today especially by the media and films globally and especially in the western countries.
Works Cited
Charney, Maurice. Comedy: A Geographic and Historical Guide. Westport, Conn. [u.a.: Praeger, 2005. Print.
Gagarin, Michael. The Oxford Encyclopedia of Ancient Greece and Rome: 5. Oxford [u.a.: Oxford Univ. Press, 2010. Print.
Mahar, William J. Behind the Burnt Cork Mask: Early Blackface Minstrelsy and Antebellum American Popular Culture. Urbana [u.a.: Univ. of Illinois Press, 1999. Print.
Terence, , and Peter Brown. The Comedies. Oxford: OUP Oxford, 2008. Internet resource.
Verbal stimuli are seen to evoke responses appropriate to the variables which cause effect to the speaker. There are two types of verbal stimuli which include conditioned reflexes of the Pavlovian society and the second one is discriminated operant. The appropriate listener reflects conditioned reflexes by being emotional to the topic the speaker was discussing. Conditioned reflexes are portrayed immediately by the listeners while the discriminated operant is not reflected immediately by the listeners and take some time.
The verbal stimuli reflected here is conditional reflexes since the person whose hands have the green yellow caterpillar will respond immediately and very fast as away of avoiding the poisonous worm. The person will respond immediately either by throwing away the worm or by asking for help from the people hiking in the rainforest. This is one way listeners and readers respond immediately since the situation is a conditioned situation requiring a quick take of action. Different people will react differently in such a situation and thus different reactions are experienced with such kind of conditional situation which requires quick and immediately response.
This effect when the light is being altered is known as conditional tact which is one form of verbal stimuli. It is seen as one form of discriminative situation such that when the light shut offs that’s when the oven is ready or when the door is locked up that’s when the light is not necessary. The pairing of these two effects has a big effect on the reader and listener which is the autoclitic effect since the person affected by the light is affected immediately as a way to show the verbal stimuli.
There are many roles played by teachers as they pass information to students. Many schools prefer teachers who are skillful and responsible for the good performance of the students. Excellent teachers have good qualities which enable many students to love them. Excellent teachers portray qualities such as patience, passion in their work and respect to the students’ .Excellent teachers should respect students and treat all students equal regardless of their backgrounds so as to maintain success of those students.
Qualities of a good teacher
A quality teacher must be passionate in his job. Teaching is more of passion than just a mere job since it requires dedication of the teacher to the students. Passionate teachers are able to employ diverse teaching styles including effective use of gestures, facial expression and other body languages. Excellent teachers play the role of guiding and encouraging students and thus being of importance in the life of a child. Ms. Linda who is taking us through speech work is an example of a teacher with passion. She is an example of a passionate and a teacher of good qualities since she is much dedicated in her work and is therefore loved by her students. She makes sure every student participate in her classes and always asks questions for clarifications. She ensures the classes are lively and there is much fun which makes her children enjoy her speech lessons. She uses gestures, tonal variations and body movements in her lessons thereby making the lessons enjoyable and interesting. Thus passion is seen as a fundamental quality in being an excellent teacher.
An excellent teacher should portray patience in class. Excellent teachers understand that students have different capabilities in regard to their power of understanding in the class. This implies that good teachers should ensure that every student has clearly understood the content of a particular topic or a point and should handle the students in the best way possible. Ms. Linda my English is a good example of a teacher with patience. She is always patient with the students until one understands a particular topic she is teaching. She encourages group discussions and conferences which boosts the understanding capacity of her students thereby showing that she is among the rare excellent teachers to find in American schools. She aims at good grades for students by ensuring that all the students are able to understand their homework and other assignments. She portrays an important aspect of an excellent teacher.
Respect is a key character in an excellent teacher. The teacher should respect the students thereby enhancing their understanding. Respect bonds the gap between teachers and students thereby maintaining good relationship between the teachers and students. Ms. Linda, my English teacher is both full of patience and respect to the students who also respect and love her for her excellent qualities. She makes sure that the students set their own rules and treats all students equal irrespective of their backgrounds. Ms. Linda respects all students’ language and therefore considers all ideas from all students. Respect is therefore a key factor in an excellent teacher as portrayed by Ms. Linda.
In conclusion it is right to say that all teachers should portray the aspects of excellent teacher which are patience, respect and passion. Teachers should treat students well as the same case to the students. This will make learning interesting thereby making students’ successful people in the nation.
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