Social Science - Page #41

Feminist movements

Women and politics

Introduction

Feminist movements have brought a remarkable development in the political arena. Feminism was a social movement and the sole purpose of the movement was to find a position of women in social status. The history clearly shows how women have struggled to find a position in the political position and to free from the male dominance. The history introduces the feminists’ writings from 19^th century and the movement primarily focused on the right to vote. Women faced many challenged and situation was worse during 1950s, but in 1960s, there was a dramatic revival and the feminist movement gave rise to the ‘second wave’ feminism. The latter was significant as it concentrated on ‘women liberation’. In addition, the ‘second wave’ feminisms introduced the radical feminism and women in this group argued that there was a sexual division which created by ‘patriarchy’. The radical movement also recognized the distinction in the political arena and expressed their opinions on the need for both personal politics and sexual politics. The movement mainly focused on eliminating the public-private divide. The latter, for many years has put restrictions on women in public politics. However, in 1960s, women gained liberation and social power relationships, and the two have allowed women to enjoy mutual solidarity, property rights and public authority.

Mohanty introduces the ‘Third World Women’ and asserts that the world is characterized by power and resistance and destructive divisors[1]. However, women are in firm position due to their liberation movements. The author goes on to describe the third world societies and states that there is division on economy. The economy is controlled by the transnational corporations which have brought geographical divisions. Factories need cheap labor from the external environment and migrants enter in the cheap labor to continue with the economy. The high population of migrants has created multiracial society and so the socioeconomic system is made up by minority groups such as Africans, Europeans and other groups’ [2].The important point to consider is the role of women in the Third World as along as gender and race is concerned. The author asserts that third world feminisms play a significant role in the political arena and their role is connected with struggle with sexism, racisms, monopoly capita and more. Women have formed what is known as ‘imagined community’ where they have shown a ‘horizontal comradeship’[3]. They have shown a political role and their struggle with liberation is not constructed with color but it is concerned with the community, race and gender. In the political arena, women have formed ‘the unity of action’ and ‘the personal is political’[4]. The two aspects help the women to eliminate the public-private distinction. In general, third world women have focused on the elimination of oppressions and reinforcement on political marginality. It also focuses on racism and imperialism and the need to create a hegemonic society. It is worth saying that women and politics go hand in hand as they share history in the political arena. It is important to note that feminist politics focuses on two main issues namely race and racism. In executing their political role, woman believes that there should be naturalization laws which protect the social and economic life of people. In addition, third world feminist emphasizes on the elimination of ‘arbiter of patriarchies’ and capitalists states[5]. In other words, women roles are linked with ‘racial formation’ where socioeconomic and political aspects create a racial meaning. Note that third world women and the feminist movement is an oppositional movement which it main purpose is to create democratic American society and culture. Thus, racial formation is a key factor which creates collective social structures, naturalization laws, policies and practice, and individual identity.

Krook and Sarah Childs assert that women’s role in the political sphere has dramatically increased. Women have gained the political position through their social movements which has primarily dealt with issues such as discrimination, oppression and exclusion in the political arena[6]. Note that women movements have been associated with suffrage, liberation and gender roles. Since the movement started in many years ago, women have been interested with eliminating subordination. They have been involved in different types of feminisms namely liberal, radical and socialist feminism and all have a common purpose of eliminating all types of discrimination[7]. The important point to understand is that the social movement has played a significant role in assisting women in finding political positions. Women have struggled to be involved in the party system but their gender roles have been viewed as minority roles. They are assigned jobs such as clerical work or in other words their presence is not valued. They are not involved in decision making and public policy and for this reason; women have struggled to make sure that their voice is heard in the political sphere[8]. In the past decades, women have been denied the opportunity to participate in power structures. Women believe that for them to have a position in the political ladder, social movement and implement change are the key elements required. The movements have connected women with political positions in that they are involved in election and they can now enjoy the right to vote. The author asserts that women suffrage did not only benefit women in gaining a political position but it also brought world peace. For example, countries such as New Zealand and Norway introduced the women suffrage and later world States adopted the same[9].

Gilmore introduces the second-wave feminism as the movement which led to liberation. In 1970s, women formed various coalitions which focused on political ideology and women were more interested in fighting stereotypes and the class division which was created by white and middle-class people[10]. Women needed a power structure which could help them identify their identities and gain liberation. The author asserts that for women to be in the political position, they formed a coalition with a common agenda. In 1971, the Women’s Action Alliance was formed and created collective principles which could control them in demanding for equality and participation in the political sphere[11]. Women had suffered from gender, race and sexual discrimination and the movement could help them gain the human rights and enjoy liberation. Woman created National Women’s Agenda and they presented various concern[12]. For example, women needed influence and authority and so they petitioned the government for participation in the political issues[13]. In addition, women needed further education and so they demanded antidiscrimination laws which could assist them in attaining education. Women were discriminated and they could not access media. The agenda focused on eliminating the stereotype and offer fair treatment in access to media. The second-wave movement focused on equality between men and women in the political arena. Second-wave movement was controlled by socialists who focused on women’s liberation and this could achieve through equality. The principle of equality in the women’s role was of importance as it could set laws and meet the women’s best interests[14].

Women have entered in political participation even though they have passed through hardships in achieving the leadership. The challenges faced have been introduced by working-class and woman of color who tend to create a boundary in terms of sex and race[15]. However, women have used several tactics to ensure that they are counted as human beings in the community as well as in the political arena. Since history, women formed organizations which could empower them in achieving leadership position. The article introduces the wave feminism and asserts that in 1850s, women introduced the first wave of feminism which was mainly directed to the right to vote[16]. The second feminism was introduced in 1960s and women in this period were interested with eliminating inequality and valuing the position of women in the society. In the second wave feminism, women opened rallies which could be termed as “the personal is politics”[17]. This was a political agenda which was mainly connected with a social change and a political relation. Issues such as sexual harassment and violence were rarely discussed in the political sphere and so the movements petitioned the political officials to make social change and create an inclusive society. In 1980s and 1990s, women were more involved in political activities and marked the third wave of feminism.

Burell asserts that for women to gain the path or opportunity of entering in the political sphere, they first developed the movements based on right to vote[18]. The Women’s rights convection was held at Seneca Falls in 1848 and the main concern in the convection was gaining rights on education, property rights, earning and personhood rights. The right which encompasses these issues was connected with right to vote and the arguments were that there should equality between men and women and both should access equal rights. Women believed that men had their own dominance and had created their own government and enjoyed inalienable right[19]. Women on the other hand were inferiors and were under the male dominance. The argument was that both men and women should enjoy the natural right and have access to the intellectual and spiritual right. Women argued that the right to vote will allow the women to have the basic rights and the rights could help them change the society. Women had suffered from ill-treatment from men and sexual crimes. Right to vote could eliminate the harsh condition and build a peaceful society. In addition, women argued that right to vote could allow women to participate in public-policy making. In 19^th century, National American Woman Suffrage was developed and colored women could not join the association. In 1903, ‘states rights’ and the Southern members had the right to express racism views toward the northern members[20]. However, women had the highest votes in 1920, and the NAWSA was changed to League of Women Voters (LWV). The National Federation of Business and Professional Women’s Clubs (BPV) joined the LWV and the two groups (LWV and BPW) reinforced the independent citizenship for women and participation in the electoral activity[21]. Few women in these groups become public officers.

The period of 1960s was marked by the second-wave of feminism and during this period, women showed their concern on social rights[22]. This movement was dedicated to end the patriarchy and achieve the equality on socioeconomic and political issues. In addition, end of patriarchy could end the sexism, racism, violence and related actions. Radical feminists in the second-wave feminisms believed that there must be a revolution in the society in order to achieve the equality. This ideology developed the Black Feminist Movement which aimed to fight the class oppressions and racism. Oppression has created the second-class citizens which has hindered economic opportunity[23]. Thus, the Black liberation movement was formed to deal with oppression and to eliminate the race, class and gender. The book is important as it shows that third-wave feminism is the contemporary feminism which originated from 1980s and 1990s[24]. The feminism characterizes the aspects of society and it has also developed gender equality and women in American society have the opportunity to contribute unique perspectives in developing the society. Third-wave feminism is more about political consciousness and women participate in making policy and hanging the community.

Having understood that women have a leadership position in the politics, the movement which has helped them to achieve the goals has led to remarkable development in their lives. This is because; they have an educational attainment which was established in 1972 in the Title IX[25]. Women have the educational opportunity and there is no sexual or race discrimination on issues of educations. The important point is that women participation in the political arena is high in that they are attaining doctoral or professional degree than men. In the contemporary era, women have entered in the labor-force field without sex or race discrimination[26]. The Equal Pay Act which was created in 1963 announced the equal pay. Finally, women have also benefited from economic prosperity. The feminist era shaped the education and employment and the development has eliminated poverty.

Gelb and Palley say that the women’s status is connected with politics as this is an area where discrimination is apparent[27]. The questions which would help to understand the topic are how are women represented in the political institutions? What factors are responsible to promote or to discourage the women’s presentation in the political arena? And last, does the transitional feminism have an impact on the women’s political status? According to the author, politics in women is an issue of concern in that in the past decades, politics have been associated with masculine domain. It is important to understand that women are excluded in the politics despite the fact that political representation is the only way which women’s voice can be heard[28]. To answer these question, the author assets that transnational feminism have played a significant role in presenting women in the political arena. Women have used their own empowerment and the movement to gain empowerment was led by discrimination victims like Elizabeth Cady Stanton. Having passed through various movements and conventions, it is worth saying that women have found a firm position in the political arena. Since 17^th century up to 20^th century of feminism movement, women have formed domestic and international alliances and these movements have remarkably resulted to positive outcomes since women did not only gained the important rights but they have entered in political leadership in 19^th and 20^th century[29]. Political participation in women is evidence after the Second World War. In 1954, UN was formed and majority of women presented the women status in the UN and in 1948, there was a Universal Declaration of Human Rights. The author puts concern on transnational feminism and states that it has led to remarkable changes not only in the women’s lives but also in the government structure. For example, UN has influenced many countries in developing gender equality, gender discriminatory policies, gender quotas and female political representation[30]. Women’s political status has also been improved in that international agencies have created programs which have changed the women’s lives. Note that the global movement was socially constructed and it means that it dealt with socioeconomic and political issues. Thus, women have found a political space where they participate in making policy on issues affecting women in the globe.

Weatherford asserts that women’s political activism primarily focused on the right to vote. Women engaged in political life in 19^th century when they developed the suffrage movement[31]. Women and politics are two separate things which the bond which joins them was developed in 1850s by feminist women such as Elizabeth Cady Stanton. The feminists were interested with political and social change and during the period, women’s rights were connected with political landscape. However, the movement and need for social change decreased during the Civil War. Remarkably, the movement increased at the end of the war and in this time they were against the 14th and 15^th amendments which denied women rights to vote[32]. When Susan B. Anthony died, other radical leaders such as Lucy Burns continued with the movement and led political changes in 1922. During this period, political change was apparent in that women voted. However, the Second World War hindered political development in women but in 1960s, feminism movement was revived and in this period benefited from the second-wave feminism. Feminism rebirth occurred in 1960s and 1970s and these periods led to remarkable in the politics of the society[33]. In contemporary world, there is a State equality which was influenced by the feminist movement. Movement development is apparent in the political environment in that the society where women live is centralized and is controlled by a dominated system. Feminism movement was associated with collective actions and the involved groups have formal leadership in the political arena. In addition, the movement led to the creation of political structures where socioeconomic changes are considered. The feminist movement is also included in the economic and social setting and it play role in strengthening the political sphere[34]. Political institutions create the ‘political opportunity structure’ which influences positive policy. Generally, suffrage movement transformed the political landscape in that in contemporary world; women have the right to vote and to share their opinion in decision making.

Since various literature have explained the struggle of women in gaining social identity and political leadership, Paxton & Hughes asserts that politics involves the process of making decisions but there is problem since the decision is only made by men[35]. This is an indication that there is gender inequality in the political sphere and women are under-represented. This brings big challenges in that when men make decisions, they do not value the women’s interest as long as domestic violence, rape and health care are concerned. The author argues women should participate in the political decision and offer their own opinions. The author goes on to argue that there should be equality between men and women in that women make 50% of the population[36]. There should be formal representation- this means that women should participate in the political arena the same way with men. There should be no barrier or restriction in women’s participation in decision making. On the same note, discrimination in the political arena should be eliminated and women should enjoy the right to vote and enjoy the same opportunities with men. The second conception of representation is descriptive representation which minas that there should be equal opportunities in the constitutions. In other words, women make 50% of the population and so they should improve 50% in the executive bodies. Note that for women to achieve formal representation, they should have the opportunity to enter in political careers[37]. Note that legal right and access to socioeconomic benefits are important but they will hinder women participation in the political arena. Thus, for women to remain the in political arena there should be gender quotas and allow women to be presented in the politics. In other words, even if women will have equal rights with men, they should enter in the politics to present the gender groups and the challenge they face. Thus, women should have a position to presents the specific interests of the group[38]. Finally, the author asserts that women should have a political position or in other words there should be substantive representation. This means that women should have a position in the political to present the issues which affect women. The importance of women in presenting women’s issue is that the female politician will participate in making policies regarding feminists. In addition, she may present issue which directly and indirectly affects the lives of women. Generally, the author introduces the topic on woman and politics, and his main point is that women position in the political arena was as a result of the women’s suffrage which was developed in the 19^th century[39].

Conclusion

Statistics from the world population show that women’s’ total population is 50%. In the past decades, women have struggled for human rights and political positions. However, their struggle and movement have eliminated the discrimination and have created democratic society. Various researches on women and politics have confirmed that in 21^st century, women have prominent positions in the political arena and there are no traditional stereotypes which hinder political development. Remarkable, women in politics have brought significant changes in that they create an inclusive society, governance and economic developed. They achieve this through planning an authorized spending and ending poverty. Women movements which started back in 19^th century have not only found a position in the politics but the movement has also created gender equality. An important point is that women in the politics have ensured a transparent governance, effective policies and positive outcomes through participating in a bipartisan manner.

Work cited

Mohanty, Chandra T. Third World Women and the Politics of Feminism. Bloomington [u.a.: Indiana Univ.

Press, 1993. Print.

Krook, Mona L, and Sarah Childs. Women, Gender, and Politics: A Reader. Oxford: Oxford University

Press, 2010. Print.

Gilmore, Stephanie. Feminist Coalitions: Historical Perspectives on Second-Wave Feminism in the United

States. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 2008. Print.

Burrell, Barbara C. Women and Political Participation: A Reference Handbook. Santa Barbara, Calif. [u.a.:

ABC-CLIO, 2004. Print.

Paxton, Pamela M, and Melanie M. Hughes. Women, Politics, and Power: A Global Perspective. Los

Angeles: Pine Forge Press, 2007. Print.

Gelb, Joyce, and Marian L. Palley. Women and Politics Around the World: A Comparative History and

Survey. Santa Barbara, Calif: ABC-CLIO, 2009. Print.

Weatherford, Doris. Women in American Politics: History and Milestones. Los Angeles: SAGE, 2012.

Print.

[1] Mohanty, Chandra T. Third World Women and the Politics of Feminism. Bloomington [u.a.: Indiana Univ. Press, 1993. Print. P. 269

[2]Ibid 270

[3] Ibid 274

[4] Ibid 314

[5] Ibid 318

[6] Krook, Mona L, and Sarah Childs. Women, Gender, and Politics: A Reader. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2010. Print. Pg 19

[7] Ibid pg 183

[8] Ibid pg 125

[9] Ibid pg 291

[10] Gilmore, Stephanie. Feminist Coalitions: Historical Perspectives on Second-Wave Feminism in the United States. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 2008. Print.pg 252

[11] Ibid pg 258

[12] Ibid pg 260

[13] Ibid pg280

[14] Ibid pg284

[15] Ibid pg 298

[16] Ibid Pg 299

[17] Ibid Pg 299

[18] Burrell, Barbara C. Women and Political Participation: A Reference Handbook. Santa Barbara, Calif. [u.a.: ABC-CLIO, 2004. Print.Pg 4

[19] Ibid pg 5

[20] Ibid pg 7

[21] Ibid pg 7

[22] Ibid pg 9

[23] Ibid pg 13

[24] Ibid pg 15

[25] Ibid 15

[26] Ibid15

[27] Gelb, Joyce, and Marian L. Palley. Women and Politics Around the World: A Comparative History and Survey. Santa Barbara, Calif: ABC-CLIO, 2009. Print.pg 29

[28] Ibid pg 30

[29] Ibid pg 38

[30] Ibid pg 40

[31] Weatherford, Doris. Women in American Politics: History and Milestones. Los Angeles: SAGE, 2012. Print.pg 1

[32] Ibid pg 38

[33] Ibid pg 41

[34] Ibid pg 45

[35] Paxton, Pamela M, and Melanie M. Hughes. Women, Politics, and Power: A Global Perspective. Los Angeles: Pine Forge Press, 2007. Print.pg 3

[36] Ibid pg 4

[37] Ibid pg 29

[38] Ibid pg 63

[39] Ibid pg 80

3692 Words 13 Pages

Programs that fight hunger in America

Programs that fight hunger in America

Introduction

Hunger problem in America is a delicate situation and children are the most affect thereby the nation have developed various programs that aims at feeding the hungry. Several campaigns are held in the nation whereby; the federal government leads the movement to solve hunger issues. Feeding America is the leading program aimed in fighting hunger and, it is also involved in raising awareness of the matter all over the nation. Feeding America is the leading organization on educating individuals; of the effects of hunger on the national economy, especially on investment as well as communication (Blackstone & Herrmann, 2014).The organization engages the citizens in their campaign on raising awareness thus; making them part of the organization. The national office helps the Feeding America organization in producing educational as well as research papers which majors on hunger and rich in data concerning starvation, poverty as well as progress of various programs that serves vulnerable Americans. The programs main aim is to eradicate poverty because; it is one of the difficult that goes hand in hand with hunger (In Stein, 2015).

Mobile Food Pantries

The Mobile Food Pantry program directly serves individuals in the areas with higher need thereby; effort is encouraged on providing other hunger complements in order to relief agencies in that area. In Mobile Pantry, a vehicle load is involved in distributing packed boxes of meals to clients. The issue of these packages is done in style whereby; the expected party is given a chance to choose a pack of choice. Mobile Pantry program has enlarged the capacity of the Feeding America Organization Network thereby; it is easily able to distribute meals as well as removing barriers which prevent access to undeserved areas. The program easily allows flexibility of fast food delivery, rescued food as well as grocery (Blackstone & Herrmann, 2014).

Food pantry is a form of emergency source assistance whereby; the distributors ensures that supplement is considered in fixing income loss. The program is necessary because, it aids in providing nutritious food to infants, kids, seniors, veterans as well as the most affected families by hunger. Mobile Pantry ensures that the food issued is enough especially, that it can serve the individuals for at least three days. Food Pantry program is highly strengthened by the power of website whereby; the organization is able to receive support from different individuals (In Bales, In Locher & In Saltzman, 2014).It aim is at helping and feeding the hungry people not only in America but globally. The organization with the program is a global one working to end starvation issues across the universe thereby; it does so through empowering of individuals encouraging them on living lives of self-reliance. Not only does Mobile Food Pantry majors on distributing food to individuals that, it also ensures to meet individuals fundamental need as well as build better future for children. The organization works with the rural as well as low income populations to aid in teaching them strategies of overcoming underlying hunger issues (Blackstone & Herrmann, 2014).

The food bank program serves at least over 300 communities and, it should involve kitchen soups, children day care centre as well as adult shelters. The organization with the program of food pantry faces difficulties, especially while locating the affected areas. On the other hand, the affected individuals does not easily located the pantry thus; because a harder task for the hungry. To ensure that every victim of hunger is served by the program, the Food for America program organizes a campaign as well as advocacy whereby; it is backed up by over one million individuals from all walks of life with the aim of fighting hungers as walks of life as well as extreme poverty (In Bales, In Locher & In Saltzman, 2014).

Mobile Food Pantry is an essential program for the nation because, it is a program relied on taking better action against hunger thus; the government easily commits itself in eliminating global hunger. The program aims at saving lives and especially the of the children who in this matter are the most affected. Food Pantry program is a program for all thereby; does not distribute it produce with discrimination but rather, serves as a helping hand for all races and gender (Blackstone & Herrmann, 2014).

School Pantry Program

School Pantry Program aims at feeding as well as well as, eradicate children hunger in America. The main steps of the program are by providing children and families in schools with meals. The schools based are positioned on the school environment, in order to easily provide the service and access sources of food assistance to the low-income earners students as well as their families. School Pantry Program occurs at a consistence place especially in the school campus. The program sets distributions schedules plus offer ongoing food assistance services. The program consists of permanent set ups within schools whereby; it operates through the mobile distribution and rotations that brings meals into the school compound (Ippolito, Prendergast, Marshall, Waxman & Seligman, 2017).

School Pantry Program is enormous since it is aimed at serving over 20 million food to several children countrywide. It is a program with much concern on children because; even after the school is closed the needy kids still receive meals through the Summer Food Services Program. In America, research indicates that over 15million young children face hunger every day. However, hunger hurts every individual though is particularly devastate children. It is obvious that children facing hunger are likely to perform poorly in school thereby; School Food Pantry ensures that the situation is dealt with in order to save the hungry kid’s education. The hunger problem is a serious situation on children as compared to adults because; they are easily capable of developing impairments as well as struggle with the social behavioral difficulties. The program care for children ensures that, it is able to feed them as well as their families in school (Watts, Witt & King, 2011).

School Food Pantry curriculum performs under a planned schedule whereby; it is able to provide schools with meals at least once per month. Each family is given a bag of nutritious meals though; to be certain that the meal is good the organization offer cooking it to the people receiving it (Watts, Witt & King, 2011).

Senior Grocery Program

The program aims at individuals aged 65 and above, though in America they are the fastest growing population. The program is referred to as the senior since; these individuals are the elders and live on fixed incomes. Consequently due to the low income, the individuals are highly leads to lives of struggle with hunger and at the same time are under healthcare costs. The poor elder individuals are cared for because, with the little income they get there is still a need to strain more to support their kids and families (Nigam, 2015).

Senior Grocery Program was generated in the year 2012, with a mission of meeting the need of elder people facing hunger and other basic needs. Unlike for the children care program, the senior grocery offers food to the target group for them to prepare at home. It is an essential program designed to increase the access of meals that, meets all healthy status required by the senior individuals. The Senior Grocery Programs depends on funds from various supporters, such as the federal government, well wishers as well as volunteers. According to the County Council President on the program, she is obliged at recognizing the volunteers for their helping hands (Nigam, 2015).

The program put an effort by encouraging the citizens on helping grocery shopping whereby; the organization collects money all free of charge. The program has operated for over five years whereby, many volunteers and well wishers have always been willing to help. The program is segmented whereby; each senior connector is allowed to as for its pantry fillers program in order to conduct satisfactory progression. The Senior Grocery Pantry is segmented to ease the process of fund collection thereby; each pantry is expected to come up with result on how and what effort it took. In some surveys clients always should be allowed to participate in the prediction for their volunteers. The program sets distributions schedules plus offer ongoing food assistance services. The program consists of permanent set ups within an open area whereby; it operates through the open distribution and rotations that brings meals closer to the senior group (Nigam, 2015).

Community Health and Nutrition Program

The Community Health and Wellness program is aimed probably, on those students interested on health education as well as health education. The graduates are highly prepared to promote healthy lifestyles as well as chances to enhance the better qualities of life for everyone in the society. Community Health program is also concerned with, those children interested in programs such as public health and anything to do with health. The programs strategies of fighting hunger are applied in nutrition’s as well as public health principals to design policies on the environmental health. The organization with the program goal is to improve and, maintain optimal health situations of citizens as well as the targeted groups (In Stein, 2015).

Community nutrition involves personal as well as inter-personal stages of interventions thus; generating changes in skills, altitude, behaviors and health results on the target individuals. The country has encouraged rapid improvement from the program, since it is highly subscribed to specific and unique health nutritional related interventions. The mission of Community Health Nutrition Program is to contribute different interventions and, recognize the improvement of individual’s living standards. The program in the idea of feeding the hungry understands that, only by learning of personal health status that the huger solution can be dealt with easily. Community health progress invests in the top line of health research thus; generating a report on quadrennial hunger on the citizens (In Stein, 2015).

Community based program under various situations, is able to provide crucial contact to the target group. It majors on improving the technology as well as the national assets though; it should consider behavior changes as well as various supporting practices. The program is aimed at volunteers and willing workers thus; aimed at interacting with households in order to protect their health and nutrition. The organization ensures that all individuals are facilitated to access of treatment plus sickness, especially women and children whom appears as the main victims of hunger (Kennedy & Deckelbaum, 2007).

Disaster Response

The Disaster Response program is aimed at supporting relief as well as recovery, where a natural disaster strikes. It is an important program on the community whereby; it aims on distributing a helping hand by feeding individuals. The Disaster Response Program became active in the year 1989 where it followed the Hurricanes, which destroyed the Southeastern America. Later there was a bizarre earthquake that caused strange damage in San Francisco thereby; the organization generated its program on the situation. The Feeding America Organization has participated highly, in providing to over 100 million individuals with emergency meals as well as disaster relief supplies to the affected victims (Wojcicki & Heyman, 2016).

Disaster Response

Schedule mobilizes corporate shareholders, as well as well wishers in communities to aid in provision of disaster relief. It also major on addressing individuals on the chronic meals security that the citizens are likely to face daily. The program is able to offer specialized training on the affected member, in order to progress positively with the operational procedures thus; ensuring that member’s food banks id generated. The Disaster Program makes sure that emergency food as well as health care is in position, before the disaster occurs. Through the program, Feeding America Organization ensures that is can afford all the necessities requested by victims as well as their families after the incident. The supply materials are always available whereby; they are stored in strategically designed place where they remain safe and fresh. The organization aims at succeeding in rescuing and offering helping hands to the victims of disasters thereby; it collects support from the government as well as volunteers and well wishers. It is the best of American voluntary organization that is highly able to deal with acute disaster thereby; recognized as a coalition of catastrophe relief association. The Tragedy Response program in the idea supporting victims, understands that only by learning of personal health status that the huger solution can be dealt with easily. The Disaster Program makes sure that emergency food as well as health care is in position, before the disaster occurs (Wojcicki & Heyman, 2016).

SNAP Outreach

The Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program aids in providing families with their fundamental nutritious needs. It is the best program that aims at walking with individuals through the temporary tough times. The program ensures that people get back their feet, to the road thus bettering their lives. SNAP program is a critical condition that deals with hunger in America thereby; the organization is enabled in working extra harder to aid families in learning and applying for the program (Nigam, 2015).

For over 40 years SNAP program have been operating whereby; it has acted as the foundation of America’s citizen security net. It has as well acted as the national leading line of resistance against famine thereby; presents a prevailing tool to develop healthy meals amongst the low-salary earners. In 2011 SNAP program provided its service to over 40million individuals. However, the government has been supporting this program by building substantial body evidences thus; ensuring people are able to realize the importance difference brought about by the program (Menza & Probart, 2013).

SNAP is a program that has been able to deal with children, suggesting that better meals for them indicate better grades. For the adults, the program means good performances on the work places or foundation for developing their skills at work. SNAP does not forget to consider the senior whereby; it aims at providing balanced diet for better health status. For individuals under regular low income jobs such as security services, they are able to easily receive the SNAP services. Applying for SNAP services, benefits depend on the figure of populace in the provisions squash. However, the program is able to provide with more buying supremacy of the grocery store. The program reimbursement are not intended on covering all the family’s food cost but rather, boost the amount of income to support monthly spending. Recent research have indicated that the program cater for over 45% of the network target individuals thus; proves as an eligible program in fighting hunger (Nigam, 2015).

Conclusion

In conclusion, the commission dealing with hunger in America ensures that agreements made on fighting the problem are adhered to. Hunger organizations programs decide to deal with the situation under the available measure referred as low meals security. The whole idea of feeding the hungry is an act of charity whereby; the aim is on feeding all victims of hunger through the country wide network. Feeding America network is one organization that feeds over 20 million individual, most of them being the low income earners and children included. Non-governmental organizations and volunteers have joined hand in fight for freedom from hunger, in order to bring sustainable solutions on the fight. The strategic developments have been implicated, with the aim of ending global hunger. However, the organizations seek at empowering the affected individuals, in seeking solutions to end poverty. Children being the main victims of hunger are placed into alleviating as well as programs to protect them as well as their future. The programs dedicated on dealing with hunger situations, enable organizations serve and feed affected communities in various ways (Menza & Probart, 2013).

Several prominent have tried their best in fighting hunger whereby; recently Former American President Barack Obama took an essential step and focused on the World food security. It was the fuel and finical crises, in the year 2008 that took the President’s attention on dealing with hunger strike. He began a mission on fighting poverty and hunger levels thereby; he also launched a global food security. The goal was that no child in the nation should face hunger therefore; the nation is encouraged on sharing strength among one another to support the less fortunate kids. Various supportive organizations in the fight are able to generate funds thus; serve the needy plus conduct research activities solving the trending causes of hunger. Feeding America is the leading organization on educating individuals; of the effects of hunger on the national economy, especially on investment as well as communication. The organization engages the citizens in their campaign on raising awareness thus; making them part of the organization (Menza & Probart, 2013).

References

Blackstone, S. R., & Herrmann, L. K. (2014). PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AMONG LOW-INCOME FOOD PANTRY PATRONS: IMPROVING THE ROLE OF A RURAL FOOD PANTRY. American Journal Of Health Studies, 29(3), 255-263.

In Bales, C. W., In Locher, J. L., & In Saltzman, E. (2014). Handbook of clinical nutrition and aging.

In Stein, N. (2015). Public health nutrition: Principles and practice in community and global health.

Ippolito, M. M., Lyles, C. R., Prendergast, K., Marshall, M. B., Waxman, E., & Seligman, H. K. (2017). Food insecurity and diabetes self-management among food pantry clients. Public Health Nutrition, 20(1), 183-189. doi:10.1017/S1368980016001786

Kennedy, E. T., & Deckelbaum, R. J. (2007). The nation's nutrition. Washington, DC: ILSI (International Life Sciences Institute.

Menza, V., & Probart, C. (2013). Eating well for good health: Lessons on nutrition and healthy diets. Rome: FAO.

Nigam, A. K. (2015). Statistical aspects of community health and nutrition. Place of publication not identified: Woodhead Pub India.

Senior Companion Program (U.S.), & Corporation for National Service (U.S.). (2010). Senior Companion Program. Washington, D.C.] (1201 New York Ave., M.W., Washington 20525: Corp. for National Service.

Watts, C. E., Witt, P. A., & King, T. (2011). Predictors of Outcomes for After-School Program Participants. Journal Of Park & Recreation Administration, 26(2), 134-145.

Wojcicki, J. M., & Heyman, M. B. (2016). Healthier Choices and Increased Participation in a Middle School Lunch Program: Effects of Nutrition Policy Changes in San Francisco. American Journal Of Public Health, 96(9), 1542-1547.

https://www.feedingchildreneverywhere.com/about-us/our-mission/

http://www.feedingamerica.org/

https://www.usaid.gov/news-information/fact-sheets/us-government-initiative-reduces-hunger-and-poverty-millions

http://erlc.com/resource-library/articles/how-can-we-end-hunger-in-america

http://www.thedailymeal.com/tom-colicchio-jeff-bridges-mission-end-hunger-america

3046 Words 11 Pages

Race is the classification of individuals into groups based on various physical traits

Race and ethnicity

Race is the classification of individuals into groups based on various physical traits. Racism is an aspect dominated from human nature whereby according to the New Zealand history it occurred as an invasion as well as depression. It was mainly considered as the key allotment of individuals thus; encompasses the civilization as well as physical qualities. It was from racism that the foundation of colonialism was developed thereby; lead to New Zealand slavery. Race is an aspect that appears as the main omission in U.S thus; it is differentiated by the cause of behavior as well as integrity. Recently racism has resulted into a criminal act that, in New Zealand the victims of racism are confined in various country’s prison. Race is the concept of dividing individuals into segments on basis of various sets of physical individuality (Jones, 2017).

Ethnicity involves a group of community, whose people are able to identify each other on the basis of nationality as well as traditional. Ethnicity aspects are shared cultural traits plus shared individuals groups. Other ethnic groups share linguistic as well as religious treads. Societies hold ethical actions which maximizes their ethical actions as well as its worth. Ethnicity is an aspect highly known to have developed from the current world whereby; its aptitude predicts wrong and good. Ethnicity considers individuals who perform certain activities in order to benefit others. It is an aspect that considers two different ways whereby; women are treaded different from men. Ethnic is an act highly associated with prediction of the future thereby; individual’s choice is aimed at benefiting the society. Based on sociological aspects, ethnicity is meant to act on moral based effects on human rather than the objectives (Jones, 2017).

New Zealand Exceptional highly illustrates examples of races thus; generating the traits of the black people in the country. An example of race is: Everyone’s identity is made in personal characters which are influenced by family and the society. Every activity individuals’ carry gives their identity thus; one is underprivileged and the same person can be prosperous. Racism refers to the way of life to a specific group of individuals. It is easily identified in the way of eating, beliefs, values and different customs followed like dressing designs and personal decoration. Culture is passed from one generation to the other mainly through the process of socialization. There are different concepts and definition of cultures despite the aspects of life shared daily by individuals. Cultures emerge from a society which is divided into villages and people shares similar way of life (McLennan, McManus, & Spoonley, 2014).

Race is a problematic word since it has no respect for any boundary thereby; a community which is well to be self-sustaining is capable of producing a new generation without relying on people from outside. Each culture has an identity defined by the race. Racism issues have got various ways of identification, especially where subculture involves a group of people who have different ideologies especially talents. Subcultures burgeon because of hereditary needs for individuals’ in the society. Individuals in such society have many differences but with various common aspects in life (May, 2002).

High ethnicity is quite culture identification. It involves form of cultural art especially in art. It is the culture of the elites like the aristocracy. High ethnicity is important in describing the body of cultural skills. It is a civilization which has no social set up but considers professional which people have inherited and practiced through skills. Some cultures are only a group on individuals while others are open for everyone to join. Limiting various expressions means expressing the unique perspective on life and understanding the diversity of culture. Creativity in individuals is an important factor to the values. Culture can also be a heritage site especially if the site is affected by change and cannot be reversed (Jones, 2017).

Ethnicity unlike Race is more importance because, it regulates human life and identity for example some customs are termed as superstition. The superstitions are believed to be the act which influences certain events either positive or negative. On the other hand race is an aspect passed from one generation to the other mainly through the process of socialization. There are different concepts and definition of cultures despite the aspects of life shared daily by individuals. Understanding and valuing cultures makes it better for one to form a complex identity which is defined by ethnicity (Jones, 2017).

Culture understanding reflects mainly on human activities. A good example of culture is belief. People are wide, small, tall and with different colors that wear various types of clothes and live different lifestyle yet we all believe in one God. The belief in God defines the culture; there are others who believe in other thing and other doesn’t. Culture provides a diverse way of interpreting the environment as well as relating various people like some are poor while others are wealthy. Ethnicity is also essential since it generates identification of culture and, it is generated by local societies which are rooted through experience, customs and belief. The ethnic groups mainly focus on traditional practices which are believed to be the presentations of both the modern and rural lifestyles. Folk ethnicity promotes cultural diversity and uniqueness of a region giving it the identity (Jones, Pringle, & Shepherd, 2013).

Assumptions have been made that, race and colonialism are the representation on individual’s physical differences .Racism appears as the major exception in New Zealand whereby; it difference was the cause of behavior and integrity. Though colonialism was major New Zealand problem, racism still is a reproductive ethnic stereotype. Ethnicity is an aspect highly known to have developed from the current world whereby; its aptitude predicts wrong and good. Ethnicity considers individuals who perform certain activities in order to benefit others. In the recent days, racism has been turned into a criminal act whereby the victims are incarcerated in the State prison across the country. However, the criminal justice system has failed that, no crime is accomplished without the acknowledgement of cultural or ethical discrepancy (Harris, Cormack,Tobias,Yeh,Talamaivao, Minster &Timutimu, 2012).

Racism and other connected distinctiveness can be a powerful source of cohesion, but with the strong criminal justice in the nation the power is limited. The criminal and justice department is filled with internment and racism, whereby the New Zealand are unaware of it. The societies are also spoiled with the race discrimination habit whereby, the first image of a criminal is of the black. The only thing that keeps the racist strong in this land is their knowledge on how the law works. Many individuals especially the blacks were horrified by the brutality of racism and, were so eager to stop it. Race and ethnicity has a strong bond because, they generates a characteristic of everyday life for the black individuals in the nation. According to History 1301 on New Zealand history racism lead to un-ease interaction between different people, racial oppression and slavery. However, life was made harder especially on the exceptions where, they could not accept slavery as a fact. Historic records suggest that slavery is the major system of race and colonial relation (Pearson, 2015).

In recent days the society have treated racism as a built in as well as, natural product of racism. The historical relation between the two shows that, individual differences have been generated by disrespect toward other individuals. Assumptions have been made that, race and colonialism are the representation on individual’s physical differences (Lipsey, 2016)

References

Jones Deborah, (2017). ‘Managing Diversity’ meets Aotesroa/. New Zealand.

Lipsey Kalym (2016). Happiness, ethnic discrimination and human rights in post-colonial / multicultural New Zealand.Abay new

: Pearson, D. (2015). Ch. 1: Concepts and Perspectives. In A Dream Deferred: the origins of ethnic conflict in New Zealand (pp. 7-19). Wellington: Allen & Unwin.

Harris, R., Cormack, D., Tobias, M., Yeh, L. C., Talamaivao, N., Minster, J., &Timutimu, R. (2012). The pervasive effects of racism: experiences of racial discrimination in New Zealand over time and associations with multiple health domains. Social science & medicine, 74(3), 408-415.

Harris, R., Tobias, M., Jeffreys, M., Waldegrave, K., Karlsen, S., &Nazroo, J. (2006). Racism and health: The relationship between experience of racial discrimination and health in New Zealand. Social science & medicine, 63(6), 1428-1441.

Jones, D., Pringle, J., & Shepherd, D. (2013). “Managing Diversity” meets Aotearoa/New Zealand. Personnel Review, 29(3), 364-380.

May, S. (2002). Accommodating multiculturalism and biculturalism in Aotearoa New Zealand: implication for language education.

McLennan, G., McManus, R., & Spoonley, P. (2014). Exploring society: sociology for New Zealand students. Longman.

1433 Words 5 Pages

A Study of Feminist Movements in African and Assessing Whether They Have Eliminated Domestic Violence in Africa

Research Plan

Title: A Study of Feminist Movements in African and Assessing Whether They Have Eliminated Domestic Violence in Africa

Introduction

This research is important since it will focus on studying feminist movements in African and analyzing whether they have eliminated the problem of domestic violence. The study will mainly focus on secondary data sources such as articles, magazines, journals and books since interviewing people will not be accurate in this research. The study will put more focus on visiting the library in order to get as much information as possible on the problem of domestic violence with my main focus being the African countries. Much time will be consumed during this research since it will require analyses of different women groups and how they have contributed to elimination of domestic violence. In addition the study will answer whether or not the governments have contributed in the fight against domestic violence. There are some challenges that will be encountered in the research since it is difficult to tell the situation in the African countries at the moment without carrying out interviews. The research can be expensive if interviews are to be carried out yet they cannot be accurate since some people will not share their confidential information to strangers. The research materials will be enough since I will focus on visiting the library and getting information online from various articles. The study will be successful if it answers research questions in order to determine if feminist movements have contributed to elimination of domestic violence in Africa.

Hypothesis, Research Questions, Goals of the Project

The ultimate goal of the project is to determine how the feminist movements have contributed toward the problem of domestic violence in Africa. The research aims at analyzing challenges faced by feminist movements as they eliminate the problem of domestic violence. The research looks at the problem of domestic violence and its effects on African women. In addition the research analyses measures taken by feminist movements in their fight against domestic violence in the African countries. The research discusses domestic violence and identifies that it is a major problem not only in Africa but has become a global problem. The gaol of the project is to examine whether feminist movements have contributed to elimination of domestic violence in Africa or not. The study will focus on major women groups that have been known to fight against domestic violence and indeed look at the measures put in place in the fight against domestic violence. The research questions to be addressed include:

What is domestic violence?

What organizations are involved in the fight against domestic violence?

Is the government in African countries involved in the fight against domestic violence?

What is the contribution of the community in the fight against domestic violence?

Do traditional practices contribute to the problem of domestic violence in the African countries?

What challenges do women groups face in the fight against domestic violence?

What measures have the women groups put in place in the fight against domestic violence in Africa?

Have the women groups succeeded in the fight against domestic violence in Africa?

Background and Significance

Violence against women as discussed by feminists and the UN can be described as any act of gender known violence that harms women physically, sexually and emotionally that end up causing suffering to the lives of women. It is reported that large numbers of women and children go through domestic violence especially in Africa. Women go through different types of violence for example domestic violence, forced marriages, female genital mutilation, rape, gender based violence, human trafficking and different assaults. Women experience violence even by people they love and trust where many ended up dying in the hands of husbands, family members and lovers as well. Violence against women and girls not only in Africa causes suffering, pain and emotional problems that ends up causing trauma and death.

Violence end up incurring high economic costs in terms of high judicial costs and loss of productivity among those affected. The governments in different countries globally spend much money in order to fight domestic violence and solve the violence cases. Feminist activists have come up in support of ending domestic violence but have not yet succeeded since many cases are reported in the African countries. Different laws and rules have come up in order to fight domestic violence in Africa though violence cases are still reported on daily basis. Preventing and ending up domestic violence needs much attention and finances which the African governments fail to give. Funding is a major problem to those organizations and feminist activists who fight against domestic violence. Most organizations need funding in order to deal with gender violence cases therefore governments in different countries need to fund the organizations.

Research Method, Design and Statistical Analysis

The first research question will be answered through looking at different women organizations that fight against women violence then pick the ones that fight against domestic violence. This means that different women organizations will be analyzed in order to pick those organizations that specifically deal with the problem of domestic violence. The second research question will be answered through focusing on different African countries where domestic violence is a major problem and them looking at the government’s efforts in the fight against domestic violence. The governments’ measures in the fight against domestic violence will be analyzed in order to determine whether or not the governments have been involved in the fight against domestic violence. The third research question will be answered through scrutinizing different communities therefore examining whether they have contributed to promotion or elimination of domestic violence in the African countries. The fourth research question will be answered through identifying different African traditions and analyzing the traditions that promote domestic violence. The last three research questions will be answered through analyzing the measures put in place by the women groups, challenges faced by the organizations in the fight against domestic violence then analyzing whether or not the organizations have contributed towards elimination of domestic violence. Through answering the research questions, this study will identify possible measures put in place in the fight against domestic violence, possible challenges, governments’ contribution and role played by the media in the fight against violence. The research questions will be analyzed and answered through qualitative techniques in order to know numbers of people affected by the problem of domestic violence.

Potential Risks

The study will require confidential information from affected people. People may not be willing to disclose whether they go through domestic violence since the African communities support some practices that promote domestic violence. Information acquired therefore might not be accurate since some people will not disclose the truth therefore numbers of people facing domestic violence will not be true and accurate. The research will consume much time since one has to focus on different African countries and identify women groups in those countries. If the research was focusing on only one African country, it would have been much easier and more accurate.

Potential Benefits

The research will identify possible measures put in place in the fight against domestic violence and come up with some more measures which can be used in the fight against domestic violence. The research will identify women groups and how they have helped in elimination of domestic voice. The research will look at the contribution of the government in the fight against domestic violence meaning that African governments have been involved in the fight against domestic violence in order to ensure women do not suffer. The results from the study will be of importance to women groups since it will identify countries where domestic violence still takes place. The study will ensure domestic violence is eliminated since different governments and women groups will be interested in the research in order to tell whether domestic violence is still a problem or not. The study is important not only to women groups but women in Africa as well since they need to support measures taken by women groups in the fight against domestic violence.

1344 Words 4 Pages

Normative

Women Studies Three Questions

Normative is the process of establishing a reason for something based on what is actually normal. For instance, behavior can be used in establishing if a person is normal or not, based on the actual behavior of normal people. Normative is distributed by people with disabilities, through showing signs, or otherwise developing behaviors which are very different from that of other people (Sherene, Chapter 2). This consequently makes one to note the changes in behavior, hence realizing that the person is developing some form of disabilities. In addition, normal time is also distributed through the activities which people with disabilities do, thus making them to be very unique as compared to those without any disabilities.

Women with disabilities tend to fear engaging in sexual activities, simply because of the fear of being hurt, or affecting their physical health. This consequently makes most women with severe disabilities not to indulge in sexual affairs (Sherene, Chapter 2). On the other hand, normal women expect sex to be enjoyable, and thus they frequently engage in sexual activities, as opposed to those with disabilities. The disturbing issue about women with disabilities experiencing sexual pleasure is that, it consequently affects their health and thus may experience numerous health complications. According to Kafer, the development of sexual organs in women may result in an increment in complications as they grow up, or as they indulge in sexual pleasure.

Crip theory teaches us not to discriminate people according to either their gender or their sexuality. This is because all people are equal, and so no one is better as compared to another one (Sherene, Chapter 3). Gender cannot be used to discriminate people, through calling them names such as feminine, to show that they cannot be able to make it in life. In addition, the disable should not be discriminated simply because their conditions may not favor sexual activities, all people need therefore be respected regardless of their situation.

Reference

Sherene Razack. Chapter 2 & Chapter 3. At the Same Time, Out of Time: Ashley X.

343 Words 1 Pages

A Social system

Microeconomics reading

A Social system refers to the interrelations among various aspects or elements that makes up a society whose interactions establishes various behavior patterns for individuals through participating in it. The system does not only involve individuals but the components of the environment in which the people are able to build their social lives and determines their thinking, feelings and even intentions. For instance, a university can be regarded as a social system in which individuals participate but these individuals are not the university as the system. The influence of social systems on thoughts and behavior of people occurs while people are socializing and through the paths of least resistance (Kimmel, & Ferber 2010). People socialize through families, religions, schools and even the media so that they are exposed to various images and ideas from all directions and where they relate with other people. Through the other people, individuals develop their personal identities like race, ethnicity, class, religion, status and sexual orientation. The messages conveyed to a person make then develop feelings and perceptions towards other people, which eventual shapes their behavior towards other people. For instance, the media may send the message that a heterosexual can expect to have a beautiful and intelligent woman hence influencing his thoughts and behavior towards women. These aspects then define how people think and behave in the society. Paths of least resistance involves the many choices people have to make and the resistance or opposition they face from other people or situations that discourage them from following the chosen path (Kimmel, & Ferber 2010). People often choose that path with less assistance since it is more appealing and this informs their behavior, which is not likely to offend the social norm.

Apart from the individuals, the social system comprises of the various socials elements or aspects such as structures, beliefs, organizations, classes and the traditions or norms that have been established in the society (Kimmel, & Ferber 2010). The social systems also include the interaction between the individuals and the other elements which inform people’s behavior.

The examples of socials systems provided by Johnson include the families, workplaces, university, religious organizations and the mass media.

The various aspects of in my social systems include religions, knowledge and information, sentiments that includes political and social status, the norms and ideals, socials status and rules and regulations. These aspects can be found in different kinds of socials systems that includes the family, school, media and political parties. Religion influences my perceptions on morality, human conduct and how to relate with fellow humans or the environment in which the social systems exists. Religion also put boundaries on what I should or should not do, what places I should go at certain set times and how I should interact with other people such as the less privileged in the social system. The socials status affects the people I should interact with or the various activities I can engage in especially where the element of cost is considered .In addition , various norms and ideals exist in the family , school or college and the workplace and these determines how one I should conduct myself depending on the people I am interacting with. The many rules and regulations and constitution provisions in the political systems determine my political ideologies and what I should or shouldn’t do in specific places. The overall effects if informed by the available knowledge and information about these aspects.

References

Kimmel, M. S., & Ferber, A. L. (2010). Privilege: A reader. Sydney, Australia: Accessible Publishing Systems PTY, Ltd. 78-80

594 Words 2 Pages

Pragmatism

Educational & Social Psy 2

Pragmatism advocates that the curriculum should be changed and made to be in such a way that students will like it. This is somehow an advantage to curriculum, since students are attracted to the things which they like. If the curriculum was therefore included with the activities which students enjoy, then it would excite them, hence making them to work hard. In addition, the curriculum should be made to be in such a way that it seeks to be more interactive and engages students in the participation (Bacon, 2012). This would therefore help in motivating students thus making them to further understand whatever they are learning rather than strictly following rules without knowing the reason as to why. Teachers should also maintain a close relationship with students and allow them to do things according to their capability. By so doing, students will be able to fully understand and gain knowledge responsible for making them to be able to achieve their goals.

In as much as pragmatisms point of view is advantageous to the curriculum, it is also has its disadvantages. Pragmatism advocates that some subjects should not be included in the curriculum. This is because students may not need them in their future. For example some students only need physics and mathematics in their lives, thus they should only do those subjects and not any other subjects. The activities which are not of importance to some students should not be included in the curriculum (Bacon, 2012). Thus the curriculum should only have the subjects and activities which a student is interested in only. This statement is very misleading, since most students will not be able to understand and gain basic knowledge of how some things operate in real life situation.

Neo pragmatism basically concentrates on the significance of language on education. Neo pragmatism therefore has positive impacts on education, since it seeks to explain the importance that a language has on education. The language used in education therefore determines the type of learning (Swartz, Campbell & Pestana, 2009). A language should therefore be used properly in order for the learners to be able to understand whatever they are being taught. Languages create an understanding of different concepts in learning hence making it easier for students to understand different subjects that they undertake in school. Neo pragmatism therefore influences the educational theory to focus on languages which can be easily understood by all students thus being able to teach effectively. In addition, language is the backbone of education and it should therefore be looked at carefully particularly when dealing with issues concerning education.
Hate speech and propaganda against the minorities should also be criticised by pragmatism, since all people are equal and no one is better than the other. When it comes to education, schools should incorporate into the curriculum, subjects which seek to advice and explain to students the importance of treating others equally. This will not only help in reducing the issues of hate speech and propaganda, but it will also help in changing the mentality of students regarding some people, thus making them to appreciate the minority as they are. In addition, students should be encouraged to only look at the positive side of other people and not to focus on the negative sides of other people, hence making them to relate with other people very well (Bacon, 2012).

Reference

Bacon, M. (2012). Pragmatism: An introduction. Cambridge, UK: Polity.

Swartz, O., Campbell, K., & Pestana, C. (2009). Neo-pragmatism, communication, and the culture of creative democracy. New York: Peter Lang.

596 Words 2 Pages

Gender Inequality

Gender Inequality

Gender inequality will still remain as the major human development whereby, people in skirts have made harder strides since the 19^th century and still have not gained gender equity. Several limits facing women and girls are the major causes of the inequality. It is so often that the female gender is discriminated against all aspects of life that is; health, education, economy as well as political representation. Gender inequality highly offers an image of illustration, on how functionalism is applied in the world. Gender equality suggests that both the male and female should have equal rights, as well as positions. However, the statement is right considering the suggestion that; whatever a man can do a woman can do it better. It is essential to incorporate the male gender into a notional frame, since they considers themselves superior. The theoretical structure, will easily inform them on women’s capabilities. Genuinely women have got no problem with the issue of inequality because; it has been easy for them catching up with men, especially in terms of education as well as leadership. Equity in gender is aimed at both parties whereby; in USA women have highly surpassed men in education achievements (ABENDROTH, ANJA-KRISTIN, et al 113).

To ensure the aspect of equity is enhanced, women should have similar opportunities to those of men in education as well as in making decisions on career opportunities. It has been unfair where women spend equal time with men at workplace and, latter end up doing ‘second shift’ household jobs at home. The only solution female has found to the issue, is remaining single and putting focus on their career. The government plus the citizens has failed in supporting equity, among individual especially in leadership. Most companies are led by the male gender thus, even generating the idea that; having a female for the president is not a normal thing (Larson 142).

In some countries like The United Kingdom, female are highly appreciated unlike; in USA where women leadership is limited. The recent USA elections serve a good example, on how female are degraded. The current president Donald Triumph was highly challenged by a strong woman Hillary Clinton but, the decision was for the citizen whereby; they proofed that female leadership is not for them. Despite other nations having esteemed women headship, Americans still considers it as an issue whereby; a female cannot rule the nation (Bloom 77). Gender equity aspects were not adhered to, since prominent women like Hilary Clinton did not deserve to loose the presidential elections. The public seems women rights in leadership equal, though there are barriers that persist. It is not right for women to be indistinguishable among men probably; into today’s world where women have learned of all leadership traits and their capacity on innovation. Citizens are even unable to determine their leaders, on preferring female over male because; politics have made them believe that men are better. Women just like men are; compassionate, strong and brave thus, there should be no way by which the female gender is limited (Rile 167).

Women should not take their role as, just staying at home and take care of the kids. The female rise should not be partial because, they are strong and if a man is capable of making leadership, women will make better leaders. Men superiority began where he was the first to be created therefore; generating the implication that women were created to serve them. It is wrong that some people can never accept that women are capable of leadership thereby; ends up creating a bad image of the female gender. Some even finds it as mistake, where it suggests that what men can do women can do better. The mistake is on failing to give the female gender, a chance in leadership thus; shows how ignorant and uniformed the citizens are. The government being the mirror of the nation should ensure, people change their stance on how they view women in leadership. It should be understood that women are heroes and, they are capable of carrying obligations that men can carry (ABENDROTH, ANJA-KRISTIN, et al 115).

Gender inequality is a global problem which, must be aimed at generating female empowerment. However, equality is a policy that must be implemented, by providing both the male and female with the conditions to develop without being held by prejudice as well as stereotypical concepts. It is so often that women and girl’s voices are excluded from the global national, simply because basic reasons have not been acquired on gender inequality. It is genuine that all policies and, decisions require women as the central foundation. Gender inequality has been routed by altitudes, societal organizations, economic and political commitment. Women being the main victims of inequality have improved in health and, education sectors as compared to men. Globally women have taken steps of pursuing gender inequality, by generating awareness to the government of their discrimination. Individual’s fails to understand that, women are the best in community development whereby, their strength comes from building collaborations rather than straight forces of competitions. Just like the male gender, female are also capable of effective leadership (Bloom 73).

The society has been made to believe that, there is no way a woman can lead. The World gives a better view of the facts of inequality whereby; the female gender is discriminated from leadership though they have the qualities. Ladies have the qualities of leadership since; they appear to be persuasive as well as confident. Like men, women also aim at taking risks thus; more willing to make things done in an effective manner. However, buoyancy should not be categorized as bragging because; because most successful women love what they do hence; do it better. The fact that women occupy the lowest rank and male always at the top, does not give enough reasons to why inequality is considered. It is better for the society to learn that, women are known for their understanding as well as activation of emotions (Larson 145).

Achieving genuine gender equality, women empowerment requires a different face for the world thus; men and women should work together as partners. Precisely, the male and female should always share equally fundamental aspects, economic assets as well as freedom from fear and violence. Believed on each other enables individuals to easily take challenges therefore; able to perform essential tasks contributing to the world. In women, leadership should be viewed as filled with passion plus purpose. Research has suggested that globally, women bosses appear to be more as compared to the male. However, it shows that ladies are capable of making better leadership as compared to the gents. The society should relay on the female gender leadership because; probably they are opting at providing brilliant ideas (Rile 244).

Considering people’s actions, effective leadership focuses on the impact of leader’s actions. Moreover, gender equity majors on actions whereby; men gains favor and women considered to be primary immature. Gender equality unlike activism, has got an impression on both logical plus, moral approach to social strategy. Inequality illuminates the essential of responding to the freedom of right. Women violation in the society and, globally at large should stop since they are controlled by influence and forced believes. Women right is denied whereby; the society believes that better leadership can only be enhanced by a man. Just like racism as well as civilization, gender is a social construct. Both genders forms fundamental norm thus; defining a genuine behavior for women as well as men. It is the nature that defines these forms thereby; generating the idea of equity (Rile 244).Genders equality is the best method, in generating access to opportunities to leadership. However, women should have equal basic access as compared to men of the national assets. Despite the limitation of the female gender, it has increased the ability of negotiations on safe sex and greater awareness. Equality proposes that both the male and female should have equal rights, as well as positions. However, the statement is right considering the position that; whatever a man can do a woman can do it better (Bloom 77).

Work Cited

ABENDROTH, ANJA-KRISTIN, et al. "Women at Work: Women's Access to Power and the Gender Earnings Gap." ILR Review, vol. 70, no. 1, Jan. 2017, pp. 190-222. EBSCOhost, doi:10.1177/0019793916668530.

Bloom, Jack M. Class, Race, and the Civil Rights Movement. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1987. Print.

Larson, Edward J. Sex, Race, and Science: Eugenics in the Deep South. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1996. Print.

Riley, Elizabeth, et al. "Gender Differences in Sustained Attentional Control Relate to Gender Inequality across Countries." Plos ONE, vol. 11, no. 10, 11/1/2016, pp. 1-15. EBSCOhost, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0165100.

1454 Words 5 Pages

Poverty as a development problem in Africa

Poverty being the being insufficient in amount, being inferior and being extremely poor is one of the leading impediments to development in Africa. Poverty eradication or alleviation has been the core mandate of organizations that seeks to deliberate Africa from its development problems such as the pan-Africanism movement (Hall & Patrinos, 2012). Sustainable development, which is the ultimate mark of development, is the ability to fulfill the needs of the present generation without compromising the needs of the future generation too. Moreover, Africa as a continent harbors the underdeveloped or the so-called third world countries on the globe except for South Africa because of poverty. The gross poverty influence that has engrossed the nations of Africa has impeded both economic and social growth and development in the various sector. Some of the key sectors profoundly affected by poverty include health, environment, education, and trade (Teller et al., 2011). The international organization have also contributed a great deal in perpetuating and exacerbating poverty in Africa instead of offering a helping hand in what is referred to as “poverty porn.” Consequently, as a result, despite the intervention measures and strategies geared towards poverty alleviation poverty remains a challenge to African development. The immediate consequence of poverty is low GDP, which results in the low quality of live and low living standards. The impediment to development in Africa has been an issue of concern, and many have theorized the problem is giving up their views and perception concerning the underdevelopment of Africa. Therefore, this paper seeks to discuss the poverty as a problem of development in Africa and the theories around it.

Brief historical background

Looking at African development, the issue goes beyond just the normal measurement of the economics achievements, but it widens into recurring issues such as historical background, political theory, sociology, and political philosophy. The gross poverty that undermines African countries, with statistical data showing that 75% of the countries in the world infested by poverty are African countries can be traced back to the colonial period. The main issue of women not participating in developmental has been highlighted as poverty. For instance, women in South Africa during the apartheid system black woman were pushed into rural places, a fact that deprived the women an opportunity to build to themselves decent lives.

Similarly, the same also happened to African in productive agricultural lands such as Kenya and Zimbabwe where the white settler pushed the Africans into reserves, marginal and unproductive land. The white settlers in Kenya and South Africa preserved those big chunks of land for agriculture and gold mines respectively. In any social setting women and children are always affected immensely by the effects of poverty compared to men. In the African context, women having pushed to the reserves and the rural area they still assumed their job of caregiver to the family (Teller et al., 2011). The life in the rural areas made it difficult for the women to serve their family and work at the same time. Historical injustice pushed the African into the territory of high poverty that has persisted even after the attainment of independent (Hall & Patrinos, 2012). Fortunately, only a handful of women whose husbands were privileged to work in mines and farms could receive some money from their spouses.

Additionally, another leading historical contributor of poverty in the many African countries is the African customs and traditions. Some of the customary assumptions that existed in South Africa for instance in the Eastern Cape that only men were responsible for property ownership left a mark or a legacy of devastating poverty among the African women. Some culture also embraces polygamy as a source of prestige, hence it is through polygamy that poverty has been elevated in some community practicing the same. New wives in such customs as prioritized over the elder women and favored whereas the older women are neglected languishing in poverty.

Poverty and sustainable development

Poverty is a major hindrance to development in Africa. Women and children are the most affected. Africa is one of the continents in the world, which are endowed with immense human resource and natural resources as well as ecological and economic diversity. Nonetheless, the continent remains as the United Nations classifies the majority of African countries as the least developed (Teller et al., 2011). Many countries in the content of Africa still suffer from many factors that perpetuate poverty hence hinder sustainable development in the region. Some of the issues include corruption, military dictatorship, war, and civil unrest. Remarkably, several development strategies have failed this scenario have made others believe that is doomed to economic slavery and perpetual poverty which is a fallacy since the continent has immense economic potential. Poverty has negatively influenced key sectors of development such environment, health, industries, and trade. Therefore, the following are some discussion of the effects of poverty of these key pillars of development.

Poverty and environment

Natural resources are the backbone of sustainable economic development. Environment harbors critical aspect of sustainable development ranging from the factors of production to non-valuable resources such as aesthetics and fresh air for life. However, as a result of gross poverty in the region, this pillar of sustainable development has been greatly devastated. Agriculture is the engine of economic development since development begins with primary production. The environment can be of considerable economic benefit only if it is conserved and well preserved.

Nonetheless, poverty makes a group of people depend entirely on the environment from food to sources of energy. As a result of poverty, the majority of Africans depend entirely on the environment for livelihood. They cut down trees for settlement and firewood leading to deforestation and desertification (Hall & Patrinos, 2012). The use of firewood itself as a source of energy is an unclean source of energy hence produce GHGs t the atmosphere causing global warming Precisely, dependent wholly on the environment for survival by exploiting and deplete natural resources and at the same time degrading the environment hence less productive to support economic growth. Additionally, because of poverty, the Africans have no ability to afford the modern, clean energy such as electricity, tides, the wind, nuclear and natural gas. Poverty also promote poor disposal of waste and waste management since many Africa countries have no such financial powers to purchase the new waste management facilities or engineer the same (Crush et al., 2010).

Poverty and health

The health status of an individual is important in determining economic growth. Sick people are less productive, Poor health and poverty are inextricably linked, and poverty serves both as a cause and effect of poor health. In developing countries especially in the sub-Saharan region, the neglected and infectious tropical diseases weaken most of the people, and others are killed each year. Some of these diseases include the tropical disease malaria, which is caused by a plasmodium that only survives in tropical regions, HIVAIDs pandemic. In this case, the vulnerable and marginalized groups are always the most affected as others are forced to make critical decisions and harsh choices putting their lives at risk at the expense of their children

Others in some region, who live below a dollar per day, transport to access medication, money for drugs and doctor’s fee is a nightmare to them. As if that is not enough, families may force to sell their property in circumstances when the diseases worsen or if the patient contracted chronic diseases such as cancer, diabetes, and growth that required a significant amount of money to treat. In addition, poor leaving standards contribute to spreading of airborne diseases such as Ebola and tuberculosis and water-borne disease, which are spread by the lack of clean water food and sanitation (Crush et al., 2010).

The many diseases mean that resources, capital, and money that should be used in development is channeled into overcoming the threat of epidemic and pandemic diseases. Moreover, sick people are less productive since they cannot participate in production activities such as agriculture, physical constructions and even avail themselves for daily duties in the offices. Hence, this makes the African continent undeveloped despite the enormous store of natural resource wealth it beholds.

Poverty and education

Education is very vital for development, literate people are informed people, and they are influential people since information is power. In marginalized areas in Africa majority of kids drop out of school, others do not even enroll for lower primary learning the main reason being the issue of poverty (White & Killick, 2001). Unfortunately, the majority of African children drop out of school annually. In Malawi, nearly half of children in grade five classrooms cannot perform numeracy tasks and basic literacy hence this shows the devastated education in Africa.

A study conducted cold the learning barometer provided a window into schools in Africa. The study that was carried in 28 countries majorly in primary schools making a percentage of 78 percent. Countries such as Zambia, Nigeria, and Ethiopia are below the minimum learning bar. Another barrier to learning in African school is the parental illiteracy. The significant majority of the children joining African schools over the past years come from illiterate home. Hence, these kinds of children lack the basic platform or benchmark of education such as language, early reading, and numeracy skills.

Education is the key to success. For economic development, acquisition of knowledge and expertise is vital. Literate are open minded and using the acquired knowledge and expertise from schools can be creative and innovative. Innovation and creation of ideas are one of the essential elements of economic growth since the invention of new technologies in the economy help in solving the various economic problems that countries face. Nevertheless, this remains a myth to Africa countries because of the poor system of education that has been devastated by the gross poverty in the region (Teller et al., 2011).

Poverty and trade

Trade is a very significant economic activity; it is speculated that the international trade is the only solution to the African underdevelopment problem. Trade liberalization is fundamental for developing countries those in Africa for this case, to strengthen their economy and achieve sustainable development yet Africa remain the most underdeveloped continent. With intense high trading in the continent trade, boost financial institutions such as banks to provide loans to member and start their bossiness as well as encourage the investors to invest in new plants helping create new jobs. For instance, this kind of platform will make a literate worker to from a low-paying job and find employment in the factory.

However, due to impediments such as poverty, neo-colonization, tariffs, and competition have barred this from happening and Africa is still facing a stunted economic crisis. As result of poverty, Africa countries produce low quality produce that cannot withstand the competition in the international market since most of the commodities these countries export are primary production goods hence cannot withstand the value of the processed and manufactured one (White & Killick, 2001). Furthermore, the international agencies and organization have intensified the state of poverty in Africa instead of elevating it, by what we call neo-colonization and poverty porn. Different African countries sign trade treaties and agreement, engineer investments in the name of helping African countries to develop only to plough back the benefits and profits to their country of origin.

International humanitarian organization in another world in various sectors such as education, trade, and health has done worse in exacerbating the poverty status. Because one might wonder, how someone may alleviate poverty by displaying compromising picture on media social network platforms.

Theories of development

Modernization theory

Modernization theory is an ancient theory of development that shows a trajectory or process counties must undergo to attain development. It elaborates the process of development in the form of a transition from traditional or pre-modern stage to a modern society. It looks at development in a holistic manner incorporating all aspects of sociology, economy, and politics. Agreeably, this is very true because, for a country’s development, it goes just beyond a single impediment, but all aspects in totality since some of these factors of underdevelopment are interrelated. The theory elevates poverty and poor culture as the major hindrance to development claiming that the introduction of western modernism and capitalism will alleviate poverty and promotes development, which is a non-communist approach.

The theory ascertains that culture and traditions are a major hindrance to development in most of the Africa countries. Maxis posit that religious belief and customs influences people live, as in the case of Eastern Cape Town in South Africa where women are not allowed to own property. He continues to affirm that unlike traditional point of view, traditional values prevent change and economic growth, current values inspire economic growth and are based on rational decisions such as efficiency and cost-benefit analysis, which are more critical in a country’s development (Teller et al., 2011). The theory highlights political instability, lack of technology, lack of skills in the workforce, and infrastructure and the leading causes of underdevelopment. All the barriers mentioned earlier are promoted by poverty since poverty hinder students from learning to become innovative and acquire skills to improve infrastructure and technology in the African countries.

The theory classifies the stages of development into five main stages. In agricultural produce or primary production is a key preliminary of economic growth. In this stage, the society has less knowledge, no wealth to invest; at this stage, the country has most of its majority living below a dollar per day (Mbaku, 2004). In the second stage what he calls the precondition for take-off, the theorist posit that this is the point of incorporation of western values, expertise, and practices. Some of these western things according to the theorist include the science and technology to enhance primary production agriculture, industry, and infrastructure. Those mentioned above are they key pillars of development, and hence their enhancement means development and vice versa. They attract investors to invest in the country, and the process develops the country. The third stage is the take off stage, the society slowly begins to experience transition and economic growth in modern values, and practices take hold. The profit gotten from the ongoing developments are ploughed back to industrial development as new ones emerge. At this stage, some hindrances to development such as poverty are being subdued and are becoming outdated.

The next stage, stage four, the economic growth is at its constant growth mean sectors that are that were dilapidated by poverty such as education and health are taking shape as newer opportunities open up. Stage 5 is the last stage, and the age of large mass consumption at this stage poverty line is far much behind, and the factors of production are operating at their maximum, and everything is self-maintaining and self-perpetuating (Crush et al., 2010).

The dependency theory

Dependency theory is the understanding economic and development resources flow from the “outskirts” of undeveloped states and poor countries to wealthy states referred to as the “core.” It states that in the process of dependency the reach countries are enriched with the integration of the developing countries into the world system for instance involvement of international trade, allowing foreign from wealthy countries invest in poor countries. The reaction arose because of criticism of modernization theory (Mbaku, 2004). The theory is against the notion that all society progress to sustainable development in the same manner other arrive at the destination through other means of development such as intervention from rich countries that the present-day underdeveloped countries are in the same stage as the developed ones in the past. The trajectory of assisting underdeveloped nation out of poverty in the way out by using technology transfer and investments and integrating those countries and region into the world market. Dependency theory posits that the underdeveloped are not a primitive version of the wealthy countries as the theory of modernism theorizes but it argues that every country has its unique potential for development.

Personally, agree with the nation of the dependency theory because its conceptual orientation continues to be of more relevance to the current global status than modernization theory. Poverty being the main menace and hindrance to the development of African nations, strategies of overcoming it is the light of development to the nations of Africa. Poverty has diverse effects to the key pillars of development such as infrastructure, health, education, environment, and industrialization. Conversely, it is impeccable to follow the same trajectory of developed countries back then because the factors that affected development then are not the same today. Now many challenges such as poverty porn, new Epidemics, environmental factors such as climate change which was not the case then. Furthermore, ecological limit of strategies of development highlighted in modernism is outdated such as primary activities such as mining and forestry have reached their limit since any further exploitation destroys the environment.

The following statistical data by NASA collected over the years showing climate change because of increase of GHG carbon dioxide.

Inferably, the above data in a clear indication that the conditions that favored development centuries ago do not exist anymore and the same manner countries developed then cannot be the same way to go now because a lot has changed. The mean that if by any chance the currently underdeveloped countries follow the same trajectory the increment will be twice the present which is a death sentence to all human race hence dependency theory is the best way to go.

Policy relevance

Dependency theory was influential in the 1960s when it got a strong support against modernism; it worked in some countries such as the Latin American. As different economies come to an agreement on the fact that development of third world countries can be achieved by share of technology and market (Crush et al., 2010). However, the theory faced criticism after challenges from other nations that thrived to development purely on trade, such as South and North Korea Egypt while states that went dependency way such as Zimbabwe end up performing poorly. Furthermore, the theory only facilitates the transfer of technology but the innovation, which is the essential part, is intact.

Conclusion

Inclusion, poverty is a major impediment to development in African. Despite Africa being a richly endowed continent with natural resources appropriate for development, it is still bound to economic slavery not only on the measures of economic achievements but also some recurring historical background. The two theories modernization and dependency theories are pathways to sustainable development, but dependency is the most appropriate following the changes both ecological and economic that has occurred since then. Nonetheless, following the current status of things the dependency theory has also been challenged by other countries such as India, Egypt, and Korea which are trade-developed countries. Poverty alleviation from most countries in Africa is the solution to the underdevelopment state in the continent.

Reference list

Crush J., Frayne, B., & Southern African Migration Project. (2010). Surviving on the move: Migration, poverty, and development in Southern Africa. Pretoria, South Africa: Idasa Pub.

Hall, G., & Patrinos, H. A. (2012). Indigenous peoples, poverty, and development. New York: Cambridge University Press.

Mbaku, J. M. (2004). Institutions and development in Africa. Trenton (N.J.: Africa world Press.

Rodney, W. (2012). How Europe Underdeveloped Africa. Fahamu Kenya: Pambazuka Press.

Teller, C. H., Assefa, H., & Butz, W. (2011). The demographic transition and development in Africa: The unique case of Ethiopia. Dordrecht: Springer.

White, H., & Killick, T. (2001). African Poverty at the Millennium: Causes, Complexities, and Challenges. Washington, D.C: World Bank.

3266 Words 11 Pages

Your Health Depends On Where You Live

Your Health Depends On Where You Live

There are several factors such as genetics, environment and lifestyle that risk our health without our knowledge as Bill Davenhall explains (Davenhall, 2009). Environmental is a major factor that risks our lives but people often ignore it and do not consider it. As Bill explains doctors too are not keen in asking patients where they live since environmental is often ignored as a possible risk in living a healthy life (Davenhall, 2009). I live some meters away from the road since the school apartment is located just few meters from the road. I had never thought about the possible risks of living in apartments which neighbor roads. A lot of people use automobiles as the main means of transport. Most of the vehicles consume fossil fuels which when burnt in air end up producing carbon IV oxide gas which is one of the most harmful gases on human bodies. This shows that I possibly breathe much carbon IV oxide exhaled by the vehicles since the road is busy. Carbon IV oxide gas is harmful to the human body and might end up putting me at risks of various respiratory diseases and chronic illnesses such as lung cancer. We need to consider where we live and kinds of environment we expose our bodies to. In my case, living near a busy road is dangerous and impacts on my health negatively. Most people ignore environmental factors as possible risks to the health and mainly focus on genetics and lifestyles. The lesson I learn from Bills talk is that no matter how much I observe my lifestyle I should put into consideration the environment I expose myself into.

References

Davenhall.B (2009)Your health depends on where you live. Retrieved from http://www.ted.com/talks/bill_davenhall_your_health_depends_on_where_you_live

297 Words 1 Pages

Discrimination against Muslims in France

Table of Contents

Discrimination against Muslims in France. 1

Introduction. 1

Discrimination against Muslims in France Workplaces. 1

Discrimination based on race, culture and religion against Muslims. 2

Workplace Discrimination Comparison among Catholics, Jews and Muslims. 2

Challenges Associated With Muslims Workplace Discrimination. 3

The Importance of Workplace Diversity. 3

Creating A More Diverse and Inclusive Workplace Environment in the Workplaces. 4

Conclusion. 4

References. 5

Discrimination against Muslims in France Introduction

Workplace discrimination and prejudice against Muslims has become prevalent in France region in the recent years. The war against terror attacks that are primarily conducted by individuals from the Muslim race, the world-wide economic crisis, anxieties regarding national identity and the challenges that are involved in coping with cultural diversity in most societies had resulted in the growth of bitterness against Muslims (Elver, 2012). This is at times fueled by the undesirable language that is utilized in political grounds and the media. As a result, most Muslims are subjected to a variety of discriminations in the society and workplaces that includes violent attacks, religious profiling, hate speech and verbal harassment (Elver, 2012). Most Muslims living in France are confronted with the lack of equal chances in acquiring employment and inequality in pays and benefits based on their culture and religion.

Discrimination against Muslims in France Workplaces

Muslims comprises of approximately 11 percent of the general population based on the statistics report released in 2011 (Elver, 2012). However, despite the low population more than 20 percent of the employment discrimination charges based on religion have been made by Muslims. This therefore demonstrates the intensity of the Muslims discrimination level in France workplaces (Elver, 2012). Workplace discrimination against an employee or applicant on the basis of religion is illegal yet reports indicates that discrimination based on Islam religion is on the rise in France and in the global setting.

Workplace discrimination against Muslims has grow drastically in the recent years with job applicants being under considered and most employees appealed to make changes to their names to something that is more English based (Taras, 2012). There is a growing perception among French employers that Muslim workers are political, disloyal and that their presence may affect business performance based on the negative belief they are linked to globally. This has resulted into the discrimination of Muslims in the processes of hiring , recruitment, appraisal, performance assessments , salaries as well as benefits. Men Muslims are more discriminated in acquiring employments and in the workplaces based on the perception that they present a security threat but women are not excluded (Taras, 2012). On prejudice basis they are denied working benefits and subjected to lowered salaries as compared to the counterparts. In most instances, some they are denied some positions within the organizations so that they may not interact with customers. In the cases of performance appraisal and promotion most of them are discriminated indirectly by being assessed in a biased form (Taras, 2012).

Discrimination based on race, culture and religion against Muslims Workplace Discrimination Comparison among Catholics, Jews and Muslims

In comparison to the Jews and Catholics, Muslim applying for jobs with the required qualifications are less likely to get contacted by employers in France. In that Muslims holds 17% lower chances of employed while Jews holds 13% as compared to 2% for the Catholics. This shows a greater rate of discrimination against Muslims as one of the minority groups in the country (Adida, Laitin & Valfort, 2016). Muslims differs from Christians in regard to culture and religion. Muslims have more attachment to the significance of religion and a deep traditional view regarding gender roles and norms (Adida, Laitin & Valfort, 2016).This cultural differences contains the source the source of discrimination in regard to employers who fear that through recruiting them they will be subjected high religious demands which may create conflicts among employees. In this order, Muslims presence in the workplaces is considered as a form cultural threat (Adida, Laitin & Valfort, 2016).

Challenges Associated With Muslims Workplace Discrimination

This perception leads to Muslims being paid less with lesser benefits as compared to the rest of the employees since they are considered to be less cooperative and productive (Taras, 2012). They are normally exposed to hostilities when interacting with other employees which may involve being harassed, religious profiling, hate speech and verbal violence that is intended at offending them (Taras, 2012). It should be noted that the perception does not contribute in the elimination of the cultural and religious differences rather the act emphasizes them more. This creates rage and negative feelings among individuals and most persons are unwilling to work with Muslims thus isolating them which leads to less performance (Taras, 2012). There is need to address workplace discrimination on the basis of race or religion as it some severe effects on performance due to poor relations among employees (Taras, 2012).

The Importance of Workplace Diversity

Creating inclusive and diversified workplaces is something that workplaces are constantly trying to acquire to obtain globalizations benefits. France workplaces should prioritize diversity in order to benefit from high performance and productivity and overcome the intensifying competition (Cunningham, 2016). In that obtaining improved performance and productivity is associated to many causes. First, diverse employees teams can be essential in the creation of products that resound with a diverse consumer market (Cunningham, 2016). In addition, the ability to bring employees from distinct background in working together helps in creation of solid solutions from innovative perspectives which permits the business to expand and progress. Lastly, the creation of an inclusive working culture permits employees from distinct backgrounds to generate their best without utilization of much energy worrying how they should fit into the dominating culture (Cunningham, 2016).

Creating A More Diverse and Inclusive Workplace Environment in the Workplaces

In my opinion, workplaces in France should create inclusive as well as diversified working places by first creating policies to regulate discrimination. this should therefore include creating grounds where employees can report cases of discrimination and cases solved immediately without being biased (Cunningham, 2016). This means that employees should be trained on the significance of diversity and encouraged to speak up in case of an occurrence. In addition, diversity should be valued in the processes of hiring and recruiting of employees by embracing different religions and cultures. Opportunities should not be offered on the basis of religion or even race but rather they should be based on qualifications and the degree to which the possessed qualities may help the corporation in being highly productive (Cunningham, 2016). Organizations can embrace diversity by recognizing the issue and playing part in creating solid solutions that will serve as societal responsibility as well as improve organizational outcomes. This can be achieved through creating a desirable workplace culture, supporting diversity training and mentoring (Cunningham, 2016).

Conclusion

To sum up, it is apparent that discrimination against Muslims in France is on the rise and has been existence for decades. With access to steady opportunities on employment and income generation it becomes hard for Muslims to acquire housing, quality medical care, education and so on. The challenges extends to their ability to survive without basic needs such as food and housing. Simply, it becomes very challenging to survive in France where the income or socio-economic gaps amid the wealthiest and the poor is increasing at a rapid rate. Muslims belongs to similar religions such as that of Catholics in France but their status is only lowered by the public opinions that are held for the actions of extremist minorities. It is therefore cruel, to blame and punish millions of France-Muslims for the actions they have not committed.

References

Adida, C. L., Laitin, D. D., & Valfort, M.-A. (2016). Why Muslim integration fails in Christian-heritage societies.

Cunningham, J. B. (2016). Strategic Human Resource Management in the Public Arena. Palgrave Macmillan.

Elver, H. (2012). The headscarf controversy: Secularism and freedom of religion. New York: Oxford University Press.

Taras, R. (2012). Xenophobia and Islamophobia in Europe. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.

1332 Words 4 Pages

The Relationship between Education Level and Unemployment

Proposal: The Relationship between Education Level and Unemployment

Introduction and Background Informatand Education are directly connected in that deficiency of one leads to the negative effect of the other. Both components contribute greatly towards the economic, social and political progress. Progress in the above mentioned sectors cannot be accomplished with education which in turn creates employment for the skilled and unskilled employees. With the lack or the high cost of accessing education in underdeveloped and developing states the presence of unskilled labourers is high. In most cases, the lack of education results in the high rates of unemployment. This makes the both elements are direct proportions which demonstrates that the unemployment issues can best be handled by the high access of education. This project focuses on the relationship between education and unemployment and tries to evaluate how to overcome the problems of unemployment.

The relationship amid education and unemployment is one that is characterized by opposition as the low individuals education status means that the rate of unemployment in the specific state is high[1]. Education is a major player in the economy through the provision jobs since educated persons secures skilled and expertise jobs thus lowering the unemployment level[2]. The higher the level of education the higher the effectiveness of the skilled training which means that individuals are exposed to high earning jobs that additionally helps in lowering poverty. Employees who are highly educated posses intensive and efficient skills which impacts performance positively which fills the jobs openings.

Research Topic

Leading Research Question

What is the relationship between unemployment and education?

Focus

Education and unemployment are both interdependent on each other. These two elements are major players in the development process of any nation. Two elements belong to two different categories- one leads to progress in economy while other leads to decline in economy.

Definitions

Employment: is the situation where by individuals having salaried work.

Unemployment: is a major phenomenon that occurs when an individual who is actively in search of employment is unable to get one.

Education: the procedure of offering or receiving systematic instructions particularly at a learning institution such as school or even university.

Rationale

The study will be providing primary information that relates to the effects of both education and employment on each other as well as the economy. The subject is of much significance to the larger audience in understanding the importance of education. In addition, the research will attempt to demonstrate how the lack of high levels of education affects employment. Through the proposition of alternatives that can be utilized in ensuring that the issues are solved this will contribute highly towards creating knowledge that is useful in the sector for future study. Through the delivery of the specific information this will be useful in forming ground for research and act as a major recommendation to facilitating the change of states perception of education and unemployment. The information will be useful in the creation of conducive environment for ensuring that the ability to access to education is increased and hence lower the rising risks of unemployment that negative impacts both the society and the economy. The research is useful since it will increase my knowledge in regarding to the contributions of education towards employment and the economy.

Methods

The study will utilize specifically a qualitative research in gathering information. The acquired existing literature will then be reviewed in relation to the relationship between education and unemployment. The secondary sources that will be utilized for the study will be journals, books, websites and articles to provide an effective basis in understanding the research subject and establish the relationship between unemployment and education level. Qualitative research was chosen based on its general ability to gather maximum information. In addition, the existing literature is essential in offering justification to the study’s hypothesis. In addition the qualitative approach is suitable because it requires less time to gather information, more flexible and less costly. This therefore implies that adequate information will be acquired in order to offer support to the study based on the literature offered in the studies by different authors. Through maximization of information and efficiency it will therefore be easier for the research objective to be achieved in a reliable and accurate manner.

Draft: The relationship between education level and unemployment

Unemployment and Education are directly connected in that deficiency of one leads to the negative effect of the other. Both components contribute greatly towards the economic, social and political progress. Progress in the above mentioned sectors cannot be accomplished with education which in turn creates employment for the skilled and unskilled employees[3]. With the lack or the high cost of accessing education in underdeveloped and developing states the presence of unskilled labourers is high. In most cases, the lack of education results in the high rates of unemployment. This makes the both elements are direct proportions which demonstrates that the unemployment issues can best be handled by the high access of education.

The relationship amid education and unemployment is one that is characterised by opposition as the low individuals education status means that the rate of unemployment in the specific state is high. Education is a major player in the economy through the provision jobs since educated persons secures skilled and expertise jobs thus lowering the unemployment level[4]. The higher the level of education the higher the effectiveness of the skilled training which means that individuals are exposed to high earning jobs that additionally helps in lowering poverty. Employees who are highly educated posses intensive and efficient skills which impacts performance positively which fills the jobs openings.

In the recent, the rate of women participation in professional openings and high influences in progress has increased and this has be useful in creating a balance amid gender employment. The access to education has equipped persons with adequate knowledge required and suitable for technical positions thus boosting organisational effectiveness. The basic skills held by persons are developed through education which offers different perspective that are aimed at creating developments. Through education people are able to obtain strategies that can be utilised in creating self employment rather than waiting for skilled employment which is characterised by competition and this is also useful in lowering the rate of unemployment[5]. Employability and innovative skills can best be developed via education where employees are able to acquire increased understanding that regards being open minded to different ideas, cooperation, judgement, decision making and management of time[6]. Through this employees are highly equipped to solve issues that may arise in operations. In this regard it is essential to note that formal education is a necessity for individuals with the need of acquiring higher paying positions, stability of employment and increased, innovative and developed opportunities. In that, getting proper jobs requires education that equips one with the needed knowledge for skills and competence development.

In reality, the negative relation amid education and the rate of unemployment is obvious. The ratio of individuals enrolling in schools is rising yearly which has thus resulted in the decrease of unemployment. Most individuals believes that the rate of unemployment is on the rise but it should be noted that through education the number of those that have secured skilled employment is higher than before. Education has created innovativeness which has in turn created jobs since the development are utilised in different sectors with the operation of expertises. Skilled jobs increases with higher knowledge which triggers innovativeness. In respect to the creation of more skilled jobs the unskilled opportunities are also risen since skilled and unskilled duties are interrelated. This is a useful factor of education that helps in addressing and reducing the unemployment rate globally[7].

Education has however, become very expensive in the modern society and most people in the developing economies are usually not able to afford the services. With this the effect is seen in the manner that the level of unemployment in those economies or states are higher. The higher the cost of education the higher the rate of unemployment particularly in the underdeveloped and developing states. In the present period that is characterised by technological progress and globalisation increase more chances are offered to individuals in gaining knowledge and developing the existing skills which is useful in acquiring further chances and decreasing unemployment. Education can best be[8] described as an element that offers training to improve the necessary skills that are necessary for empowering persons.

There is a very strong correlation amid employment and educational attainment. In that the most educated persons tend to experience higher earning since they are exposed to low unemployment levels. Although the differences existing amid the rates of unemployment among the educational groups have reduced in the recent, it is clear that acquiring even higher education improves the potential of acquiring jobs. Individuals are currently exposed to more openings in the global setting provided that they have the necessary qualities. The higher the education the higher the knowledge, improved skills and competence which implies that the existing chances for acquiring opportunities are usually increased[9]. Education is essential in ensuring that individuals are fully equipped with the skills and the appropriate knowledge that is needed in the job market.

Education increases more of skilled opportunities as compared to unskilled despite the fact that training is offered theoretically and technically. The reason being that education tends to lie on the development of knowledge that will have a direct impact on the skills and competence rather than technical abilities. Through knowledge individuals are usually empowered to accomplish the given tasks without fail. Education can best be credited best on its ability to lower the level of unemployment on a global scale. The developing states normally provide unskilled labour to the states where attainment of education is high due to the level of economy[10]. Through education economic and social progress can be attained which will in turn lead to the reduction of poverty rate.

In conclusion, the general development of higher education generates negative implications on the rate of employment. It is apparent that unemployment and education factors are opposing related to one another. It is therefore, useful to create more programs for developing the enrolment persons to schools that will result in higher levels of education which is crucial in decreasing the rate of unemployment. From the rate of unemployment that id depicted in the developing and the underdeveloped states that holds lower education levels due to high cost it is clear that education is crucial in generation of working opportunities. The advancement of knowledge in the present era has resulted into the creation of more skilled and flexible jobs. It can thus be justified to state that the rising educational access status globally has resulted in the creation of more opportunities for skilled and the unskilled persons.

Outline 1

The relationship between education level and unemployment

Main subject: what creates the opposing relationship between unemployment and education?

Thesis statement: The relationship between education and unemployment and tries to evaluate how to overcome the problems of unemployment.

The Specific Rationale for the Project: The research will be offering the primary information that relates to the effects of both education and employment on each other as well as the economy. In addition, the research will attempt to demonstrate how the lack of high levels of education affects employment. Through the proposition of alternatives that can be utilised in ensuring that the issues are solved this will contribute highly towards creating knowledge that is useful in the sector for future study. Through the delivery of the specific information this will be useful in forming ground for research and act as a major recommendation to facilitating the change of states perception of education and unemployment. The information will be useful in the creation of conducive environment for ensuring that the ability to access to education is increased and hence lower the rising risks of unemployment that negative impacts both the society and the economy.

Introduction
Description
What is the relationship between employment and education?
Who do both elements affects each other?

What is the relationship between employment and education in developing and underdeveloped countries?

What are some impacts of education and unemployment on the progress and decline of the economy?
Methods
Qualitative research

The study will mainly utilise qualitative research methodology in analysing the existing literature that relates to the relationship between education and unemployment.

Secondary Sources

Journal, articles, websites and books

Investigation: understand the research topic and establish between education and unemployment level

Discussions

Inverse relationship between unemployment and education

- Low educational level of the people implies that the rate of unemployment in the country is high

-The rise of professional women participation in economic progress

The Opposition View

There is positive relationship between educational level and employment of the individuals. Through education, the individuals can gain effective knowledge to be hired by the companies where the candidate is suitable to get the organisational job done efficiently.

Conclusion

Summary of the primary points in support of the inverse rand positive relationship between education and unemployment.

Outline 2

The Relationship between Education Level and Unemployment

Description
Explanation of unemployment and education relationship
A brief description of both elements and their effects on each other
The effects of the interrelation between education and education on the economy

Thesis Statement: The relationship between education and unemployment and tries to evaluate how to overcome the problems of unemployment.

Background of Research

It has been found that there is inverse relationship between education and unemployment as low educational level of the people implies that the rate of unemployment in the country is high. Education plays a crucial role on employment rate of the country as the educational levels helps the candidates to get job and reduce overall unemployment rate. Higher level of education and training in the country helps to reduce unemployment and under employment and further it helps to reduce poverty. It has been found that educational level is inversely related to the rate of unemployment. The educational level of a nation is helpful for the candidates to gain knowledge and improve sills to get appropriate job which further provides a scope to reduce overall unemployment in the nation.

Methods

Qualitative research

The study will mainly utilize qualitative research methodology in analyzing the existing literature that relates to the relationship between education and unemployment.

Secondary Sources

The secondary sources of different authors are helpful for developing the idea of relationship between education and unemployment.

Journal, articles, websites and books

Findings
Opposing Relationship
The opposing relation amid education and unemployment is demonstrated in that Low educational level of the people implies that the rate of unemployment in the country is high
The rise of professional women participation in economic progress

It has been found that, there is inverse relationship between educational level and unemployment as the high education level indicates that there is low unemployment in the society.

Positive Relationship

Conclusion

Restate the study’s thesis statement and a summary of the main points.

Annotated Bibliography

“Employment projections”. Bureau of Labour Statistics. 2017a. https://www.bls.gov/emp/ep_chart_001.htm

According to the labour statistics bureau employment’s projections earnings as well as the rates of unemployment are directly impacted by the level of employment. In that the higher the education that an individual has acquired the higher the rate of earning and the lower the chances of being unemployed[11]. This is usually the case since those that are with higher education such as doctorate degree tends to be more equipped in terms of skills, knowledge and competence that is required in increasing production. Individuals who holds an education level that is below high or diploma level are those that are highly unemployed while those with master’s, bachelor and doctorate degrees earns high with less chances of being unemployed. Knowledge and experience as some of the things that draws the differences since those that are highly educated hold more skills based on their experiences. They are therefore paid more based on what they have while those without education are forced to offer manual labour[12]. This information will be useful in supporting the hypothesis that higher education results in reduced rates of unemployment. This will therefore be utilised in demonstrating the existing relationship amid education and the unemployment level globally[13].

“Labor Force Statistics from the Current Population Survey”. Bureau of Labour Statistics. 2017b. https://data.bls.gov/timeseries/LNS12300000

The source will be utilised in reviewing details regarding the relation existing amid the growth of population and employment. It is apparent that the increase of population results in higher levels of unemployment and this is balanced by the existence of higher education that helps in creating opportunities for the larger population. It should be noted that high population results in poor education which in turn affects the capability of the economy to create jobs due to the lack of innovativeness which is essential in jobs creation. In that despite the fact that the cost of education may be low quality also determines the rate by which unemployment is to be solved. In that, mostly in the underdeveloped and the developing states the quality of education is normally low which affects the ability to be progressive. The availability of quality education in those states is normally characterised with scarcity and high cost. Most individuals in such sectors are forced to acquire education that is below standard. This means that the creation of self employment s low and people have to wait for employment which only accommodates a few of the highly educated persons thus leaving majority of them with no employment[14].

Andronie, Mihai, and Irina Elena Andronie. "Education and unemployment in the knowledge-based society." Contemporary Readings in Law and Social Justice 1 (2014): 393-402.

According to Mihai, and Irina, (396), the present economy is in need of persons with high knowledge, expertise skills as well as experience. All this cannot be acquired without education which is essential in triggering individuals ability to create fresh ideas. In such an era of globalisation, technological development provides more opportunities to the person to gain knowledge and improve efficient skills which further helps to acquire more job opportunities and lower unemployment[15]. The employability skills of the employees can be improved through educational level for which the workers can get different job. Educational level of the candidates also helps to gain experience ad access more information for getting updated with appropriate information[16]. The training and development program in the education provides an opportunity to the job seekers to participate more effectively in searching appropriate job in the labour force. Henceforth, it has been found that, there is negative correlation between education and unemployment where higher educational level is useful to mitigate the issue of unemployment in the society.

This information is essential in highlighting the general significance of education in creating employment. Education is classified to be a major impact on negative and positive effects on the employment rate. With the presence of higher education the rate of employment is increased which means that those that benefit earns high thus raising the standard of living[17]. This simply means that education holds the ability of solving poverty through creating a able economy that is characterised by high incomes. This will help in providing justification of the study’s hypothesis that seeks to prove that education and unemployment are interrelated. In addition, this will create a better understanding in regard to the general contribution of education despite the rising population.

Liu, Yong, Janet B. Croft, Daniel P. Chapman, Geraldine S. Perry, Kurt J. Greenlund, Guixiang Zhao, and Valerie J. Edwards. "Relationship between adverse childhood experiences and unemployment among adults from five US states." Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology 48, no. 3 (2013): 357-369.

According to Zhao, and Valerie, (360), children that are exposed to adverse experiences such as living in low income families and economies that are not yet developed are more likely to be unemployed. This is because the experiences did not offer the necessary opportunities for acquiring education that is essential in equipping them with skills and the necessary knowledge that is required to work. In underdeveloped and developing nations, education is found to be difficult to afford. Therefore availability of unskilled labour is more in those countries[18]. In such scenarios, absence of proper education leads to unemployment. Again if unemployment is more, common people are unable to afford education for their children. Thus these two are directly proportional to each other. This information is useful in demonstrating how adverse experiences affects the abilities of individuals to access education which results in unemployment.

Patel, Devyani, and Smruti Bulsari. "Education and Unemployment: A Study of India." Global Journal of Research in Management 5, no. 2 (2015): 19-45.

It has been found that there is inverse relationship between education and unemployment as low educational level of the people implies that the rate of unemployment in the country is high[19]. Education plays a crucial role on employment rate of the country as the educational levels helps the candidates to get job and reduce overall unemployment rate. Higher level of education and training in the country helps to reduce unemployment and under employment and further it helps to reduce poverty. It has been found that educational level is inversely related to the rate of unemployment. The educational level of a nation is helpful for the candidates to gain knowledge and improve sills to get appropriate job which further provides a scope to reduce overall unemployment in the nation[20]. Education of the employees indicates that the workers are efficient and intensive in fulfilling the job vacancies by applying their skills in getting effective job[21].

Works Cited

“Employment projections”. Bureau of Labour Statistics. 2017a. Retrieved from: https://www.bls.gov/emp/ep_chart_001.htm

“Labor Force Statistics from the Current Population Survey”. Bureau of Labour Statistics. Retrieved from: 2017b. https://data.bls.gov/timeseries/LNS12300000

Andronie, Mihai, and Irina Elena Andronie. "Education and unemployment in the knowledge- based society." Contemporary Readings in Law and Social Justice 1 (2014): 393-402.

Liu, Yong, Janet B. Croft, Daniel P. Chapman, Geraldine S. Perry, Kurt J. Greenlund, Guixiang Zhao, and Valerie J. Edwards. "Relationship between adverse childhood experiences and unemployment among adults from five US states." Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology 48, no. 3 (2013): 357-369.

Patel, Devyani, and Smruti Bulsari. "Education and Unemployment: A Study of India." Global Journal of Research in Management 5, no. 2 (2015): 19-45.

[1] Zhao, and Valerie J. Edwards. "Relationship between adverse childhood experiences and unemployment among adults from five US states." Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology 48, no. 3 (2013): 357-369.

[2] Patel, Devyani, and Smruti Bulsari. "Education and Unemployment: A Study of India." Global Journal of Research in Management 5, no. 2 (2015): 19-45.

[3] Patel, Devyani, and Smruti Bulsari. "Education and Unemployment: A Study of India." Global Journal of Research in Management 5, no. 2 (2015): 19-45.

[4] Andronie, Mihai, and Irina Elena Andronie. "Education and unemployment in the knowledge- based society." Contemporary Readings in Law and Social Justice 1 (2014): 393-402.

[5] Zhao, and Valerie J. Edwards. "Relationship between adverse childhood experiences and unemployment among adults from five US states." Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology 48, no. 3 (2013): 357-369.

[6] Patel, Devyani, and Smruti Bulsari. "Education and Unemployment: A Study of India." Global Journal of Research in Management 5, no. 2 (2015): 19-45.

[7] Zhao, and Valerie J. Edwards. "Relationship between adverse childhood experiences and unemployment among adults from five US states." Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology 48, no. 3 (2013): 357-369.

[8] Zhao, and Valerie J. Edwards. "Relationship between adverse childhood experiences and unemployment among adults from five US states." Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology 48, no. 3 (2013): 357-369.

[9] Zhao, and Valerie J. Edwards. "Relationship between adverse childhood experiences and unemployment among adults from five US states." Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology 48, no. 3 (2013): 357-369.

[10] Patel, Devyani, and Smruti Bulsari. "Education and Unemployment: A Study of India." Global Journal of Research in Management 5, no. 2 (2015): 19-45.

[11] “Labor Force Statistics from the Current Population Survey”. Bureau of Labour Statistics. Retrieved from: 2017b. https://data.bls.gov/timeseries/LNS12300000

[12] Zhao, and Valerie J. Edwards. "Relationship between adverse childhood experiences and unemployment among adults from five US states." Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology 48, no. 3 (2013): 357-369.

[13] “Labor Force Statistics from the Current Population Survey”. Bureau of Labour Statistics. Retrieved from: 2017b. https://data.bls.gov/timeseries/LNS12300000

[14] “Labor Force Statistics from the Current Population Survey”. Bureau of Labour Statistics. Retrieved from: 2017b. https://data.bls.gov/timeseries/LNS12300000

[15] Andronie, Mihai, and Irina Elena Andronie. "Education and unemployment in the knowledge- based society." Contemporary Readings in Law and Social Justice 1 (2014): 393-402.

[16] Andronie, Mihai, and Irina Elena Andronie. "Education and unemployment in the knowledge- based society." Contemporary Readings in Law and Social Justice 1 (2014): 393-402.

[17] Zhao, and Valerie J. Edwards. "Relationship between adverse childhood experiences and unemployment among adults from five US states." Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology 48, no. 3 (2013): 357-369.

[18] Zhao, and Valerie J. Edwards. "Relationship between adverse childhood experiences and unemployment among adults from five US states." Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology 48, no. 3 (2013): 357-369.

[19] Patel, Devyani, and Smruti Bulsari. "Education and Unemployment: A Study of India." Global Journal of Research in Management 5, no. 2 (2015): 19-45.

[21] Zhao, and Valerie J. Edwards. "Relationship between adverse childhood experiences and unemployment among adults from five US states." Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology 48, no. 3 (2013): 357-369.

4292 Words 15 Pages

Racism and colonialism

Racism

Essay

Racism and colonialism are two different historic aspects that dominate human nature. Colonialism according to the American history occurred as an invasion and, depression to the citizens. The colonizers were able to attain their goals by turning in to racism thus, rationalizing repression. In early America racism was considered as the basic allotment of humanity whereby, it encompassed of the cultural as well as physical traits. Through racism, the foundation of colonization was formed thus leading to enslavement of innocent Americans. Racism and colonialism share a common bond which is the American Exceptional (Gotkowitz, 2011).

America colonialism generated the exceptional because, before individuals considered themselves as unified. There is a connection in history where one occurrence is a cause to the other therefore; various moral characters have passed from generations to generations. In recent days the society have treated racism as a built in as well as, natural product of racism. The historical relation between the two shows that, individual differences have been generated by disrespect toward other individuals. Assumptions have been made that, race and colonialism are the representation on individual’s physical differences .Racism appears as the major exception in America whereby; it difference was the cause of behavior and integrity. Though colonialism was major American problem, racism still is a reproductive ethnic stereotype (Gotkowitz, 2011).

The American Exceptional on race and colonization has a strong bond because, they generates a characteristic of everyday life for the black individuals in the nation. According to History 1301 on American history colonialism lead to un-ease interaction between different people, racial oppression and slavery. Life was made harder especially on the exceptions where, they could not accept slavery as a fact. Historic records suggest that slavery is the major system of race and colonial relation (Gotkowitz, 2011).

Article

In the recent days, racism has been turned into a criminal act whereby the victims are incarcerated in the State prison across the country. The article suggests that the criminal justice system has failed that, no crime is accomplished without the acknowledgement of cultural or ethical discrepancy. Michel Foucault's article aims at exposing disparity in the criminal justice system which appears to be so hidden. The criminal justice system has been creating a hierarchy, targeting on the black skinned individuals. Racism and other connected distinctiveness can be a powerful source of cohesion, but with the strong criminal justice in the nation the power is limited (Pemberton, 2015).

The American exceptional are discriminated according to their race in that, individuals in prison are prisoner in the state level rather than the federal level. The article does not favor the criminal justice since, racists in the nation is it only concern. The police are the people entrusted by the government on everyone’s protection thus; African-American finds it deferent through the harassment and abuse they face. Michel Foucault's suggests that it has become a habit, of believing that law offenders are blacks. When we think of racism, the thought of slavery comes first whereby it is the criminal justice that is irresponsible. The criminal and justice department is filled with internment and racism, whereby the Americans are unaware of it. The societies are also spoiled with the race discrimination habit whereby, the first image of a criminal is of the black. The only thing that keeps the racist strong in this land is their knowledge on how the law works. Many individuals especially the blacks were horrified by the brutality of racism and, were so eager to stop it (Pemberton, 2015).

Reference

Gotkowitz, Laura , (2011). Histories of Race and Racism: The Andes and Mesoamerica from Colonial Times to the Present. Durham: Duke University Press.

Pemberton, S. X. (2015). Criminal Justice as State Racism: Race-Making, State Violence, and Imprisonment in the USA, and England and Wales. New Political Science, 37(3), 321-345. doi:10.1080/07393148.2015.1056429

639 Words 2 Pages

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