Behavior Observation and Gender Social Linguistics: Do Men and Women Communicate Differently

            Question 1

            Men and women communicate in distinct ways since both genders view the world via two distinct perspectives.  Men’s communication is based on a particular purpose and they therefore utilize communication in developing solutions and therefore they talk lesser than women (Robb, 2014).  On the other hand women utilize communication in order to discover their sensations and all that they want to talk about in that communication.  Women therefore utilize communication as a measure of developing relationships.  In addition men listen actively in order to understand the message but women listen in order to generate a response.  Women talk more when they are stressed because they want to withdraw themselves from the situation while men in the same situation to withdraw from conversations. Men’s communication is mainly based on efficiency as well as productivity while women’s communication is based on exploration as well as develops thoughts (Robb, 2014).

            Question 2

            My observation was based on a group of four males and four male’s women. My observation was based at school. The representation was selected in order to eradicate the occurrence of biases.

1. The employed observation methods why behavior observation, contribution as well as ideas generation

Question 3

            Question 4

The female gender dominated the conversation because based on my observation and the current literature review women tend to speak three times more than men.  However women only interrupt male’s speakers once while they are interrupted three times.

            Question 5

            The resulted that I got from the observation did not surprise me. The results matched my expectation because in my own opinion women tend to talk more than men. This is because girls utilize conversation to understand their feelings as well as those of others which makes the talk more.

Section 2

Discussion: From the results men interrupts a female speaker three times while the females interrupts a male speaker only once.  However women talk three times more in comparison to males.  From my observation women raise more thoughts, contribution and ideas. Based on the observation of behavior women seemed to contribute more as illustrated by the table below.

            Reference

            Robb, A. (2014). Women Get Interrupted More- Even By Other Women. Retrieved from https://newrepublic.com/article/117757/gender-language-differences-women-get-interrupted-more

            Frequency Distribution

            Introduction

            The frequency distribution is a conclusion of how often distinct scores happens within a sample of several scores.  This implies that a frequency is the general number of times that something takes place. On the other hand distribution basically, refers to the frequencies patterns. Therefore a distribution frequency examines how often particular things takes place within a given values samples (McBurney, & White, 2010). A frequency distribution is an analysis table that is utilized in describing a set of the data set.

            The frequency distribution can be described as a representation of either tabular or graphical displays that illustrates the observations number within a specific interval (McBurney, & White, 2010). By utilizing a frequency distribution one can observe the data patterns.  In the quest of getting the information sense in a frequency distribution, the data must be organized in a manner that can be easily understood.  This is mainly because a frequency distribution table is normally utilized in categorizing data so that it can be interpreted easily and quickly in a way that is visual. A frequency distribution is normally utilized for the purpose of research in order to establish an occurrence of values in the given scores (McBurney, & White, 2010).

            Displaying a Frequency Distribution

Through the utilization of the data gathered from a frequency distribution, an individual can then be able to calculate the mode, mean, Standard deviation, range and the median (Rubin, 2010).  Frequency distributions are usually illustrated in form of a table format but they can additionally be illustrated using graphical illustrations by the utilization of histograms (Rubin, 2010).

            Identification and the Calculation of Mean, Range, Median and Mode

            The measures of central tendencies which comprise of the median, mode and mean are often confused (Rubin, 2010).   Therefore these central tendencies measures normally contain some differences which are crucial and require high understanding. Mean can be defined as the particular numbers set arithmetic average.  The median of a given numbers refers to the central score of those given numbers and on the other hand mode refers to the score that occurs most frequently within a set of particular numbers (Rubin, 2010).

            Calculating Mean

            The mean of numbers is also referred to as the average which is calculated by adding up all the scores and then dividing the total sum by the number of those scores (Rubin, 2010).

            Calculating Median

In the distribution, median is the central score. In calculating median the central score is utilized as the median unless the numbers involve even scores numbers and this, therefore, implies that the central score cannot be established (Rubin, 2010).  For instance when the scores set is as follows 3, 2, 2, 6, 7, 9.  In this situation since the scores are equal in calculating median, the average of the central scores is used as the median.

            Calculating Mode

            Because the mode of the score that is most occurring in the frequency distribution, this involves simply choosing the most normal score as the scores mode (Rubin, 2010).  For instance, in the following score, the mode can be termed as 1 as it occurs more often in 1, 4, 7, 1, 8, 1 9, 5, 1.  Creating a frequency distribution is essential in a situation where there are very man numbers of scores which can be difficult in establishing the mode as well as the median (Rubin, 2010).  However, in some scores, there may be two distinct modes which are referred as bi-modal which happen where there are two different numbers which are tied to the frequency (Rubin, 2010).

            Applications of Mode, Median and Mean

            Every measure of central tendency holds distinct faults and strengths and the selection of the most suitable situation to utilize depends on the presented situation and the mode of attempting t express the given information (Sharma, 2012).  In that, the mean of numbers utilizes all the scores in a set in the expression of the central tendency measure whose measure can be altered by the outliers. For instance, a set of very high numbers scores can skew the numbers mean  in order for the average mean score to appear in a much higher than the situation of most scores (Sharma, 2012).

            In the calculation of median, this measure gets rid of both high and low numbers in a manner that is misappropriated because it does not hold the full capability of representing all the scores in an adequate manner (Sharma, 2012).  In reference to mode’s calculation, this may influence in a low level by the outliers and this is a god measure of representing the typical score for the particular numbers group. However, the measure may be of less significance in those cases wherein the scores that have been presented there is no score that occurs twice meaning that the scores mode cannot be calculated (Sharma, 2012).

            Conclusion

            The use of frequency distribution is essential for statistical evaluation. This is based on two significant reasons which are visualization and inferences.  These reasons are useful in defining the general statistics branches which are inferential and descriptive statistics.  With the utilization of descriptive analysis such as averages, one is able to comprehend a set of things as the visualization of how scores behave is well illustrated. On the other hand in the section of inferential statistics frequency distribution that is grounded on samples assists in determining the kind of analysis that can be utilized in generating inferences in the context of a presented population.  The frequency distribution is also essential as it helps in visualizing particular choices which assist in developing choices thus eliminating the chances of developing wrong decisions.

            References

McBurney, D., & White, T. L. (2010). Research methods. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Cengage Learning.

            Rubin, A. (2010). Statistics for evidence-based practice and evaluation. Belmont, Calif: Brooks/Cole.

Sharma, J. K. (2012). Business statistics. New Delhi: Dorling Kindersley.

"The State of Our Community Scenario

A public order crime refers to actions that fail to conform to what is considered by the society to be the ideal normal values and moral behavior. The relationship between these crimes and other form of crimes stems how the related behavior affects a law abiding person so that they start breaking the law. Crimes such as prostitution and drug abuse are normally related with lack of proper judgment in specific situations (Cole & Smith, 2008).. Most individuals in the prostitution crime have to take drugs in order to maintain their sanity. The influence of drugs and alcohol normally lead to practices such as careless driving while pornography can lead to child sexual molestation. These examples show that public order crimes lead to other crimes since they involve altered behavior. The relation between the public order crimes and broken window theory is that to some extent, it may result to higher crime rates if measures are not taken control abnormal behavior.  The reduction in public order crimes and thus other crimes would be achieved if the police foot patrols are combined with other strategies aimed at behavior change. Otherwise, the application of broken window policy would mean that minimizing crimes on public order would restore some sanity in an area (Cole & Smith, 2008).

Prostitution should not be legalized or decriminalized due to the many challenges and impacts it has on other crimes. Even if legalization would move prostituted individuals indoors such as clubs and brothels where they would be less vulnerable, it could lead to increased cases of human trafficking, rape and violence. Legalization does not eliminate such vices. Decriminalization would also mean that all the above vices would go unnoticed or unpunished. In addition, there moral and ethical issues associated prostitution. Most of the prostituted people engage in such affairs due lack of better option (Liu, 2011). Therefore, prostitution is wrong and should not be legalized to fulfill inherent or canal desires of some people at expense of others. 

Reference

Cole, G. F., & Smith, C. E. (2008). Criminal justice in America. Belmont, CA: Thomson/Wadsworth. 141

Liu, M. (2011). Migration, prostitution, and human trafficking: The voice of Chinese women. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction. 175

            Communication Final Exam

            In the 21st-century, public speaking communication is basically the born digital era.  Public speaking can be described is the procedure of conducting a live presentation and is structured in a manner that will entertain or influence the live audiences (Huff, 2008).  More than half of the world’s population is using the internet at particularly internet sites (Coopman, & Lull, 2014).  This is, therefore, no wonder that the actual public speech world is experiencing several transformations that might increase in future.

            The internet has influenced the world of public speaking by making individuals more concise. Social media sites are communication are characterized by brief as the limit the general capability of reaching to the intended point in a more fast way (Coopman, & Lull, 2014).  With the growth of internet use gone is the period of lengthy introductions. The earlier generation’s sweepings are generally providing an opportunity to a fresh way of delivering public speeches which are briefer and they are directed to the intended points.  Since the internet users have less to draw their audiences the points are briefly and directly addressed.  Public speaking has thus become concise due to the utilization of succinct short sentences (Coopman, & Lull, 2014).

            Today the public speakers are realizing an actual change in their modes of communicating to live audiences (Hamilton, 2014). Previously the public speakers who view the eyes of all their audiences and the eye contact were crucial in increasing effectiveness but today they are faced by laptops backs and crown tops. This is mainly because the audiences are now typing points as well as making social updates during the whole presentation.  Therefore making a speech to the kind of audiences is an experience that is unsettling but the public speaking world is expected to adopt change even further in future.  In addition public speaking world is suffering from social distractions.  With texting popularity and prevalence of smartphones, most audiences are likely to miss the speech (Hamilton, 2014).

            The public speaking world may be affected by the internet in the future as individual will tend to know more than what is being communicated (Hamilton, 2014). The internet has exposed individuals to extensive information is useful in awareness creation. Public speaking in the future may lose it meaning because most of the information will be ignored as individuals can research it through the internet this may raise the argument as the internet sources are characterized by argument differences (Hamilton, 2014).

In future public speaking grammar and traits may be altered by deprived grammar, abbreviations overuses as well as text speak (Hamilton, 2014). This is mainly because the use of internet has transformed individuals and people can no longer understand the suitable place for certain speaking. Concise speech is associated with little understanding while long messages are characterized with poor grammar. Moreover, the internet may break the personal barriers among individual’s thus making public speeches inappropriate.  People update most of their personal information on the internet sites which is bound to break the boundaries of public speaking. Public speaking utilization may reduce in the future for lack of audience attention as the internet is negatively affecting effective skills of communication (Eadie, 2009).

            In summing up the internet is rapidly transforming individual’s ability to think and communicate in the 21st century.  However, live communications such as public speaking are bound to get more changes as social interactions traits are in opposition to direct speech.  The future world of public speaking may be characterized by verbal text speak as well as poor grammar.  The internet has provided unique communication adaptations which have changed the mode of public communication and interactions.

            References

Coopman, S. J., & Lull, J. (2014). Public speaking: The evolving art.

Eadie, W. F. (2009). 21st century communication: A reference handbook. Los Angeles: Sage.

Hamilton, C. (2014). Essentials of public speaking.

            Huff, W. A. K. (2008). Public speaking: A concise overview for the twenty-first century. New York: Peter Lang.

Answers

1. The basic difference between interview and interrogation is that an interview is a less formal accusatory conversation whose main aim is to extract information. Interrogation is a formal conversation that is typically structured make a suspect confesses (Gordon & Fleisher, 2011).
2. In order to build rapport with a suspect, the first step would be to identify the sole purpose of the interrogations. This can only be achieved through wise tactics. Next is to ask preliminary questions and rapport would have been achieved (Gordon & Fleisher, 2011).
3. An effective interrogator must know about the art and science of interrogation, must be persuasive and persevering, and lastly he must maintain an open mind concerning the prisoner.
4. The most important physical factor is the choice of location from where an interview shall be done. A noise free area would be the best (Gordon & Fleisher, 2011).
5. Determining a baseline means the process of measuring the work or the functionality of a system before any changes on the input are made. The expected questions would be inquiring about the past experience and the duration of the event among other questions (Gordon & Fleisher, 2011).
6. Innate human are based on the inherent conduct whereby it is not driven by any influence. These responses are usually instantaneous. They are sudden and reflect an action (Gordon & Fleisher, 2011).
7. Denial is the act of asserting that a certain allegation is false. It occurs when a person insists that the claim is not true despite the presence of substantial evidence.
8. Acceptance is assenting to the given terms of an offer (Gordon & Fleisher, 2011).
9. An accusation should be done after one has gathered supportive evidence against someone.
10. In the first place, the interrogator may offer rationalizations with a purpose of building rapport. Secondly, he might be extracting some admissions from the suspect.
11. A written statement is usually necessary because it offers an official examination of the plaintiff sufficiently and consistently (Gordon & Fleisher, 2011).

References

Top of Form

Gordon, N. J., & Fleisher, W. L. (2011). Effective interviewing and interrogation techniques. Burlington, MA: Academic Press.

Bottom of Form

Leadership Communication Strategies

It is factual that every leader plays a vital role in communication with regard to the progress of the organization, clarification of what is required of the employees and the organizational goals that the organization projects to achieve. Additionally, communication is regarded as one of the effective ways of employees engagement in business operations. In order to effectuate communication, a leader needs skills, clarity and time while planning for business operations (Root, 2016). It is noteworthy that the more the organization continues to develop, the more the leader/manager is required to communicate precisely on the intended implementations to maintain the competitive advantage of the business. Basically, communication for a leader is based on sharing information with the employees through a culture that is compatible with the organizational vision. In addition, the leader is required to communicate with the stakeholders of the organization which include investors, customers, bankers, and suppliers (Root, 2016). This means that the leader ought to develop a communication program in order to persuade the stakeholders and achieve organizational goals. Thus, the major objective of an effective leadership communication style in an organization is to influence the stakeholders optimally and engage employees in the business operations effectively in order to achieve the shared vision of the business. As a result, this paper will focus on describing my leadership communication style while citing from the 7 Cs of effective communication concept.

To start with, it is perceptible that the major goal of communication is make the receiver of the message understand the meaning that the sender wanted to convey (Root, 2016). Therefore, in order to facilitate the effectiveness of communication, the message ought to be conveyed using seven qualities which include the following;

• Clarity
• Correctness
• Courtesy
• Completeness
• Concreteness
• Conciseness
• Consideration   

My leadership communication style will integrate all the seven qualities in communicating different tasks within the organization.

• Clarity

In order to facilitate clarity in my leadership communication, I will use the simplest language as possible to prevent misunderstanding (Kaul, 2014). This will call for the assessment of the addressed audience to gauge the simplicity of the language to be used. It is factual that simplicity level is different to different types of audience addressed. Additionally, conveying the point in business communication is only done once. This means that if the intended information is misunderstood, it cannot be corrected later as it develops a bigger problem.

• Correctness

Correctness is required to help the sender of the message understand the receiver to make communication effective (Kaul, 2014). Correctness can be achieved if the communicator understands the knowledge and education level of the audience. Therefore, in my leadership communication style, I will first assess the target audience of the information to make an effective presentation. This will help me in using the appropriate language level, precision in stating the facts, and using correct grammar. These are the components of correctness in communication and information presentation.

• Courtesy  

The foundation of every business communication is based on courtesy regardless of the presented information (Kaul, 2014). Precisely, courtesy demands understanding the thinking and feelings of the receiver of the information. Therefore, as leader, I will value the thoughts of the audience together with their feelings regarding the information I intend to present. This will be achieved through polite gestures and refined language. Basically, courtesy is meant for strengthening the relations between the communicating parties. Thus, I will consider respect while addressing the audience regardless of the intended theme of communication.

• Completeness

Completeness means that the conveyed message hosts all the required information in order to derive the desired response (Kaul, 2014). This obliges the communicator to use the message that answers all the possible questions that might arise regarding the information. Therefore, as a leader, I will support my message with facts and evidence within the field of discussion. Additionally, I will go for extra details of the message to deliver the message absolutely.  The importance of completeness is based on the fact that it prevents development of a series of problems that might be caused by narrowness. Furthermore, completeness results to the intended response to the massage.

• Concreteness  

Concreteness during communication is promoted by being unambiguous, vivid, and precise (Kaul, 2014). Therefore, as a leader, it is recommendable to avoid obscurity, and generality while conveying the message to the audience. This means that apart from supporting the message with facts and evidence, the communicator is obliged to be specific on the message and avoid wavering in order to be effective in communication. It is perceptible that concreteness reinforces the confidence of the communicator. Thus, I will adhere to concreteness by defining the specific theme of the message while addressing the audience. This will prepare me towards answering any questions that might arise.  

• Conciseness   

The goal of conciseness while addressing the target audience is to save time (Kaul, 2014). In business communication, conciseness is required to save time that is wasted in repeating the message to make the audience understand to the entirety. Therefore, conciseness is achieved by evading rambling expressions and repetition. As a leader, I will use brief and direct to the point phrases supported by facts to avoid questioning. However, conciseness should not be confused with lack of completeness. As a matter of fact, conciseness should be reinforced with complete words in order to achieve the overall goal of effective communication.

• Consideration  

While composing the message to be communicated, it is recommendable for the communicator to consider the receiver (Kaul, 2014). Consideration encompasses evaluation of the thoughts, attitudes and response of the receiver on the composed message. As a result, the leader addresses the audience based on the comprehension of the audience and how they will ingest the message. Basically, consideration will help me apply all the qualities of effective communication in order to achieve the goals of my leadership communication styles. I will apply consideration while trying to understanding the nature of the audience prior to making a presentation.

Conclusion   

Generally, one of the factors that make a leader effective is communication. This is based on how the leader is able to organize and engage the followers through communication.  This requires skills and application of communication qualities while addressing the followers. These qualities include clarity, correctness, courtesy, completeness, concreteness, conciseness and consideration. The qualities help the leader achieve the desired response from the message conveyed to the audience. Therefore, my leadership communication style will adhere to the seven qualities precisely to make sure that problems in the organization are not developed by ineffective communication.

References

Kaul, A. (2014). Effective Business Communication. PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd

Root, G. N. (2016). 7 C’s of Effective Business Communication. Retrieved from http://smallbusiness.chron.com/7-cs-effective-business-communication-114.html

Education Funding in the Media

School funding in America has been revealed to be unfair and uneven mostly in public schools according to a new report. Questions such as is the school funding system fair has been raised. The report analyzes the school funding system to mainly focus on having a fair distribution to the neediest students only. As most states have large or declining funding levels even without adjusting the inflation levels there was a huge gap of funding levels in 2011 than it was in 2007 (Strauss, 2014). The education system has been experiencing challenges in a majority of states as there have been flat or regressive distribution patterns in the school funding system up to higher education levels. The funding system has continued to experience difficulties as a result of the patterns being ignored (Strauss, 2014). The patterns indicate that there should be additional funding being made in high poverty districts across the states. This will help reduce the increasing number of regressive states and increase the number of progressing states. The efforts of increasing the funding will ensure states such as the New Jersey and Utah do not experience equity erosion (Strauss, 2014).

The overall decrease in revenue has also threatened the success of the funding system in school. The declining financial levels have further reduced the efforts of economic productivity that has been dedicated to education. The funding system has also been affected by wealthier families opting out of the public education system. This has potentially posed a great threat to the public and political system to have the necessity of improving the funding system. In Washington, D.C. and Louisiana the funding system has been greatly affected as the most children tend to come from wealthier families attend nonpublic schools than those who attend public schools (Strauss, 2014). This shows a huge gap in equality further challenging the funding system.

Reference

Strauss V (2014) .America’s school funding problems, state by state; Retrieved from             https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/answer-sheet/wp/2014/02/05/americas-school-      funding-problems-state-by-state/

Personal values

My personal values relate to the broader life goals that are very important in life and normally guide my perception, behaviour and judgement. Any values should be structured and categorised based on how they relate, so that the values that are correlated positively are put more closely to one another and have compatible motivations (Melnick, 30). My values are categorised into the group of personal and spiritual, family and my career values. The personal ones refers to various traits that I consider worth aspiring to and normally define my character. I prioritize these values in the order starting with honesty, responsibility then loyalty. Spiritual values are the ones that connect me to my faith and normally give me a sense of purpose that goes beyond my material existence and are related to the general social values that covers the wider society. They include justice, equality, freedom, liberty and national pride. The other category is the family values which involve loving and caring for those people who are close to me like my family members, parents and friends. The family values goes beyond the social values since they relate to those people who affect my life in a great way. The career values involve the expression and best use of my skills and talents for the purpose of having a positive contribution towards the society wellbeing and for compensation in monetary terms.

In order to pursue my values appropriately without sacrificing them, I consider a cause greater than myself as long as that cause does not lead to a senseless and life-damaging endeavour. I am able to pursue my happiness when I have a greater course in my plans such this happiness is not always self-centred or does not lead to undermining the outlined values. In order to accomplish the most important values to me I come up with a good goal setting structure, such that the gaols are prioritised. This organization of personal goals involves writing down my goals, planning on the course of action to accomplish the goals and then ensuring that I follow this plan until the said goals are achieved. I try to focus on success rather than the possibility of failure so that my mind does not concentrate on time wasters or things that will distract me from my values and the set goals. Without values and goals it is easy for one to spend time doing what is easy and fun while disregarding the long-term possible consequences of their actions since they will get concerned about the satisfaction of short-term personal needs.

These values are closely linked to my ethical background which is based on how I was religious brought up and the inherent human nature that dictates ethical and valued based behaviour. My ethical foundation is mostly sub-consciously influenced by my religious background such that it becomes impossible to separate the ethics from my childhood instructions on religion and faith.  So far the religious foundation of my values and ethics has remained fairly intact and will continue to influences various aspects in my life. This means that in my career choices and decisions in my workplace will be in dependent on whether they lead to me being happy or unhappy. The ethical foundation has really worked for me before, so any career that makes me unhappy will have to be ignored. In similar manner, I will quite any job or friendship that demands that I go against my ethical background since such would result to unhappiness. Ethics are usually the principle base of good organisational behaviour (Colarelli and Arvey, 157). Thus, ethical foundation can lead to success or failure in the career that one has chosen.

Works cited 

Melnick, Arthur. Happiness, Morality and Freedom. Leiden: Brill, 2014. Print.30-31

Colarelli, Stephen M, and Richard D. Arvey. The Biological Foundations of Organizational Behaviour. , 2015. Print.157

Purpose of visual communication in business

Visual communication is an important aspect in passing business information. This Visual aids in the business help in evaluating data, create memorable key points and also help viewers understand complex relationship of issues. Visual communication encompasses the use of graphic features like electronic images and drawings. Visual aids of business communication are eye-catching to individuals’ sense of sight and are important to businesses in several ways.

Businesses have greatly benefited from visual aids that are effected by the explosive growth of technology. Internet knowledge has made business operators active members of using few words and pictures to connect with their clients anywhere in the world. It has also created a platform to clearly put forward the contrast between their products and those of other producers. Technology also provides videos, images and apps that give entrepreneurs a variety of tools from which they attract customers.

Businesses are now using few words in combination with images, handouts and graphs enhance the oral communication when the relevant aid is used. For example when presenting or discussing a data intensive topic on financial results of a business visual aid help in quicker understanding of the information. Presenting such information in tables, graphs or handouts where the key financial information is highlighted would increase the audience understanding and encourage them to even ask questions. The tables enhance grouping related concepts together increasing the ease of understanding. The highlighting can be done by using bold or color numbers.

Visual aids have also helped businesses pass information to a large audience from the same presentation. They also help business to pass their intended information without repetitions by re-presenting information that has already been presented. Passing information especially during a launching of a new product the business take consideration of the color and size of the image that is to be presented to the audience.

Why we need visuals in business communication

Visual communication is important to a business because they enhance business speakers’ credibility and persuasion. The visual aids that enhance communication increases the audience interest to whatever the message is being conveyed. There is also a need for visual communication in the business for they aid in focusing the audience attention and ensure retention of the key content that is being communicated. Visual communication uses the well-known and understood cultural symbols well aligned to enhance understanding of the audience. In addition to this technology has also improved the ways of presenting visual communication and increased its coverage which has greatly increased the marked of already participating businesses and those that are willing to participate.Bottom of Form

Communication Ethics

Citing from the article by the Financial Executives International (2011), it is factual that most of the organizations in the contemporary business sector do not adhere to the provisions of business ethics and integrity. This can be drawn from several examples such as the decline of BP’s contract with the government of United States by President Obama back in 2012 (Financial Executives International, 2011). This decline was based on the contention that the company lacked business integrity particularly with reference to the case of oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico. The other example is the case of Goldman Sachs where the company was sued in the Southern District of New York federal court following the allegations of dishonesty and misrepresentation to its investors (Financial Executives International, 2011). Therefore, it is factual that in the contemporary business sector, most of the companies continue to make headlines regarding their corporate misconduct and violation of business ethics provisions.

Adhering to the issue of ethics and integrity, Jameson (2011) in his article cites from the lawsuit that was filed by Starwood Hotels on Hilton Hotels on allegations of industrial espionage. It was informed that Hilton Hotels engaged in an illegal disclosure of Starwood’s confidential information in their agreement as a competitive intelligence strategy. This violates the business codes of ethics especially under the contentions on the existence of the contractual agreement between the two competitors (Jameson, 2011). However, citing from the contents of the contractual documents of Starwood, it is true that Starwood Hotels lack of integrity as it did not comply with the corporate code of ethics demanding the company to disclosure full contingent offered to all potential employees in the organization.

In conclusion, the other example of the issue of lack of integrity and its consequences include Enron’s case that happened back in 2001. Lack of integrity in financial recording during financial reports forced Enron Company into a corporate bankruptcy that was the largest to ever been recorded in the U.S history. Thus, it is worthwhile for the companies to recognize the consequences of violating business codes of ethics and lack of integrity.

References

Financial Executives International, (2013). How effective are ethics codes and programs? Many companies craft codes of ethics and establish the related ethics and compliance programs to enforce the codes. Financial Executive, 29 (2): 42. ISSN: 0895-4186

Jameson, D.A., (2011). The rhetoric of industrial espionage: the case of Starwood v. Hilton. Business Communication Quarterly, Volume 74

Writing smart goals

            Task 1

• By 31^st of April, I had gathered adequate information identifying the correlation between the university and its alumni.
• I was able to access the Stenden Website which was the most suitable source I used for the task. This source seemed to be the most appropriate since it offered primary information about Stenden University Qatar and its alumni’s.
• I had internet connection for twenty four hours hence it was easier to access the website.
• I had the research skills that enhanced me to carry out my research and analysis to show how important the alumni were to the Stenden University and how they contributed to the well-being of the university.
• I just spent one day to conduct the research in order to gather all the information.

            Task 2

• At the end of two days, I had written a proposal for a TRD module field trip and had identified the topic of research to be; value of the cultural sites in Oman location.
• I suggested only three cultural sites where the students chose the appropriate field of their choice and visited them.
• I had pre-visited the areas and I was convinced that the sites had adequate knowledge to offer to every researcher as these sites are the best in the area.
• I used the research process to carry out the entire research so as to come up with a conclusion of the value of cultural sites.
• I spent 2 days so as to be able to be able to contact individuals to give information through the answering of questionnaires.

            Task 3

• By 7^th June, I developed a database to show the number of students who are consumed by the existing companies for internship programs.
• I was able to make some few calls and gathered secondary information from the existing company’s websites in order to get the database.
• I used the search engine to search for the existing companies and their updated websites so as to get all the information.
• I had the computer knowledge which enabled me to create the database that provided the statistics needed and added up the database.
• I managed to complete this task within 2 days.

            Task 4

• By the end of 1 day, I developed an alumni’s database with an aim of recording the alumni’s association information.
• I gathered data from those who had joined the association and fed each alumnus’s information into the database
• I acquired alumni’s records from the university’s records.
• I had the computer knowledge which enabled me to create the database that provided the statistics needed and added up the database.
• I used 1 day for this task since the association was new hence there were only a few alumni’s.

            Task 5

• I researched Hamad international airport so as to gather information on what happens behind the scenes with an aim of writing a newsletter.
• I used interviewing method where I asked several questions regarding the international airport.
• I asked the questions that covered all that I needed so as to write the paper.
• I analyzed the data I collected to get an overview of what used to happen in the airport.
• I took two days to gather information, compile and to write the newsletter.

            Task 6

• I accompanied my supervisor to the meetings he held for the forth years and this enhanced me to understand more on industrial placement.
• I attended two meetings where I learned so much on industrial placement.
• I took notes from the meetings I had attended and this enhanced my understanding.
• I had writing skills that enabled me to take the notes efficiently.
• I took two days to attend the two meetings and to write the minutes.

Letter to the U.S

Dear Sir,

            Your country’s interest in making life better for the Cherokee Indians has been noted and although your intentions come out as good, there are some elements that do not seat well with the people you are intending to help. Your country has promised to improve the living conditions of the Cherokee people but only if they agree to be relocated to the lands you have assigned for such purposes. According to the United States congress, “the country destined for residence of this people shall be forever secured and guaranteed to them”[1]. The promised country is to be located to the west of Arkansas and Missouri and it will solely be left for the Cherokee Indians.

            Although the promises your country makes may appear to be of good intent, the laws set make it difficult to accept them. One such law is that “such land shall revert to the United States, if the Indians become extinct, or abandon the same”[2]. This law goes against the promise made that the land allotted to us will forever be secured and granted to us after we relocate to it. How then can the land belong to us if there is a law regulating membership and conditions on which the land could be reclaimed by the United States? The possibility that the land could be reverted is an indication that the land does not really belong to the Indians but is rather loaned to them by the United States.

            Other laws assert that the United States will be involved in the formation of political communities in these lands. This is however a hindrance to the self governance that we would like to exercise in our own land. Instead of offering help on condition that we relocate, why not offer the same assistance in our current place of residence? Let us remain in our home instead us relocating us with the false pretense of offering us assistance.

References

Jackson A, (1835) “Indian removal: Extract from Andrew Jackson’s seventh annual message to   congress” retrieved from,            http://www.pbs.org/weta/thewest/resources/archives/two/removal.htm

Ross J, (1836) “Letter from Ross defending the Cherokees right to their land” retrieved from,             http://www.teachushistory.org/indian-removal/resources/letter-ross-defending-cherokees-  right-their-land

[1] Jackson (1835) “Indian removal: Extract from Andrew Jackson’s seventh annual message to congress”

[2] Ross, (1836) “Letter from Ross defending the Cherokees right to their land”