Good discipline

    I have always despised indiscipline cases that would ruin my reputation. I hate arguments and especially with someone older than me in age since I was brought up knowing that doing so is a form of Indiscipline. I have thus always tried to be polite in any way possible by ensuring that I manage my anger in a proper way. I, therefore, had walked and followed the right path till this fateful morning when I went against my principles. I got into an argument with my teacher and I went beyond the limit where I reacted inappropriately and I ended up screaming at her. This was the most embracing moment in my life and in teacher Diane’s life.  The whole class was in silence and in shock as they heard the scream which drew all their attention. It is after this act that I realized how far I had gone in displaying my indiscipline conduct. For a moment the teacher looked at me with so much anger and she just sent me home. Adding to my misery was the fact that I have some siblings who are following in my steps as they look up to me as a role model. I had to go home but the thought of facing my parents and siblings and the disappointment that they would express made me shiver and feel even ashamed. For those few days that I got to stay away from school, I was able to reflect on my actions. I realized that good discipline is not all about not entering into an argument but it is more to that. Did I impact my teacher Diane or my fellow students and is there a chance of behaving differently in the future? The answer to all this is yes.

    The teacher was affected emotionally by my actions and she was so angry such that she did not want any possibility that I would get away with the indiscipline. So she made a rash decision to step out of class as she was emotionally hurt and felt like she was co-miserable. It is after cooling down after she had left the class that she was able to overcome her outrageous emotions and she was able to talk to me in a cool manner. She later called me talked to me, listened to me so well and that’s when she decided to punish me for screaming at her by using her authority wisely. I noted that teacher Diane was hurt due to my action and this even affected her while teaching due to the image of disrespect from my actions.  I was totally wrong and I regret what I did.

    I impacted the lives of my fellow students in a negative way through my actions which were inappropriate. I failed to set limits and I did not follow the rules as well as sticking to those rules in a neutral manner. I failed to understand my anger and this leads me to respond in a way that affected the emotions of my fellow students. The behavior could not be emulated by any of my classmates since it was a bad behavior that almost everyone despised. Every other teacher who came into our class was angry with the entire class as they thought that it was a behavior that the whole class had. I thus ruined the reputation of my class as anyone who referred to my actions related me to be a student from that class. I was totally wrong and I owe an apology to all of my classmates.

    I believe that I can change and start working towards my weaknesses. I believe that management of anger is the key to good discipline and hence I should work towards managing my anger. Managing of anger is a skill that I need to fully utilize so as to have a future that involves good behaviors. I should also work towards building an inner control of my character as this will help me to be respectful. I believe that in changing my behaviors will help me to become a good student and it will enhance me to change my thoughts and perception and it will lead me to have a positive relationship with other people.

In all this, I believe that my path to behavior change will be a success as I implement all the above changes. I believe that it will me time to practice these skills but I am convinced that it is a vital process that will enhance me to be a better person. Positive modeling is another change that I need to embrace well as it will enhance me to influence my fellow classmates, siblings, school mates, friends and even others in the society as behaviors have a powerful influence. Sharing my feelings in a cool way enables understanding between me and others and thus I should be able to share with others my feelings as this will help me deal with my emotions in the future.

Scientific method of solving problems

The scientific method is a process that is continuous and usually starts with an observation made by an individual of the natural world. Naturally, human beings are known for their curiosity and their desire to understand the world around them. Out of these curiosity, various inquisitions have been made in an effort to explain things that people see or hear and this has led to the development of various hypothesis that attempt to explain why things they are the way they are. While the number of ideas generated is vast, not all are significant and some do not require any follow-up. There however some hypotheses that leads to the creation of information that cannot only be tested, but also improved to create a better understanding of the world. Such types of hypotheses are based on experiment that were controlled and replicated carefully to give results that is stored as vital data for the area that is being studied. Whether a hypothesis will require further explanation or alteration will depend on the level in which the tests conducted match the predictions that were made as the expected results. If well supported, a hypothesis is considered to be a general theory and thus used as a means of explaining a certain aspect of the natural world. For this paper, the scientific method will be used in a bid to show what developing a new product that is superior to competitor’s brands entails.

Although there is no single form of a scientific method, there are various ways in which scientist conduct research that could be considered to be forms of scientific methods. They involve making observations where an individual will closely observe what is going on around them and then come up with questions that are relevant and can be researched on. Another method is where an individual will make an educated guess about a certain occurrence or thing and then come up with a hypothesis to try and answer these questions. Predictions are also made to show what is to be expected if the hypothesis that is being tested proves to be correct. Finally, the individual is able to make conclusions that are based on the hypothesis and it combines the hypothesis, the results that were predicted and the results that were acquired. In order to solve the issue of how to develop a new product that is superior to competitor’s brand, this paper will combine various aspects of the scientific method which include, but not limited to, observation, questions and predictions (Armstrong et al, 2014).

The hypothesis is that, due to the high level of competition in the market, the most ideal solution for creating products that are better and preferred over those of other competitors is through innovation. On a global scale, companies have managed to remain competitive by using strategies that are different from their competitors in an effort to make them stand out (Porter, 2016). Even though these strategies may be different, they often have the same mode of operation and this is seen in most of the companies that remain successful despite the level of competition that exists. Their continued success is due to the fact that they have discovered the importance of being innovative and finding out ways to deliver what the customer wants and how they want it. If the hypothesis is correct, the outcomes that are expected will involve more popularity for the company offering the new products, larger market share for the company, acceptance of the product by the targeted customers and an increase in sales as a result of the purchases made for the new product (Armstrong et al, 2014).

To test the proposed hypothesis, a survey will be conducted where the new products will be presented to a sample of people who will act as representatives of the target market. These people will be given a chance to test the new product and then questioned on various aspects so as to estimate how the product will be received in the actual market if it is launched (Aeker, 2011). They will be required to respond to questions such as whether they will consider using the product again; whether they will choose it over similar products from competitors; and whether the product meets their needs. The success of the program will be determined by the response that the test subjects give after they have had a chance to test the new product. If majority of the test subjects respond as not only being willing to use the product again, but also ready to pick it over other competitor’s products, then the hypothesis will prove to be successful (Armstrong, 2014). Lack of interest in the product after the study and unwillingness to choose the product after the study will indicate form of failure in the project and need for more research on how to make the product better.

Companies across the world have used innovation to get a competitive advantage in the market. It basically involves using new technology and different methods of operation to come up with new products that are better and preferred by the target market (Porter, 2016). The innovation will involve making a new type of product design, changing the production process so as to add on the quality of the product or combining the two methods. These alterations are made after new ideas are generated or the company decides to give consideration to ideas that were aired but not fully exploited. These ideas, combined with the information of trends in the target market give the company a rough idea of the type of products to produce (Aeker, 2011). The wisdom behind using a sample to test the attitude towards the new products is that it will allow the company to test whether the method will be successful before mass production. The test predictions will help to identify whether innovation is successful in launching the new product and whether it will do well in the market once it is mass produced and stocked in the various points of sales. 

For innovation to be successful, a company should concentrate on gathering relevant information regarding the market it intends to launch the new product in. hiring outsiders as innovators is also ideal since they are in a better position to identify opportunities and take advantage of them. Once the company successfully launches the new product, it will also be required to keep up with innovating it because, like most scientific methods, innovation is also a continuous process. To remain competitive, the company has to keep in touch with the trends in the market, observe areas that may be opportunities and take advantage of them. Scientific methods are ideal in solving issues in that they not only create solutions but also provide ideas on how to better operations in an organization.

References

Aaker, D. A. (2011). Brand relevance: Making competitors irrelevant. San Francisco, CA:           Jossey-Bass.

Armstrong G, Adam S, Denize S and Kotler P, (2014) “Principles of marketing” Person   Australia

Porter E, (2016) “The competitive advantage of nations” Harvard Business Review

Poverty

Poverty is a structural failing

Introduction

Structural refers to forming a part or relating to another item. At times structures fail due to lack of structural strength and disability. This is an indication of impending danger to the whole structure according to literature. Poverty is considered to be structural failing in the sense that a structure is made up of several sub-structures that must have the strength and the ability to support each other in order to make a strong building. Poverty is caused by factors that connect with each other. For example, social and economic factors are key factors that contribute heavily to poverty. When one factor fails the fight against poverty is weakened due to the fact that these factors must be strong in order to eradicate poverty together.

Through an empirical research regarding America’s poverty, there has been a focus on individual characteristics that tends to explain the different patterns and the occurrence of poverty. By focusing mainly on the individual attributes which cause poverty, community scientists have missed the fundamental dynamic of American poverty (Haveman et al, 2015). The American poverty is structural failing at political, economic and social levels. Poverty has been contributed by lack of enough jobs in the economy that can deal with the growing population which can drive the families out of poverty. The high rates of poverty in the United States have been greatly contributed by social ineffectiveness. There has been consistency and systematic nature of patterns relating to poverty that has been indicated by the risk of impoverishment by a large number of Americans in their life course (Haveman et al, 2015).

On one side poverty has been seen as a result of individual failings. This perspective outlines specific attributes of the individuals to be the contributors of their own poverty. The attributes include lack of virtuous morality, industrious job ethic, little education, and very competitive labor markets that require a skilled workforce. The increase in dependency has increased poverty levels among individuals within the community. There has been virtual absence among individuals compared to individualized strategies and measures in human capital and family backgrounds (Haveman et al, 2015).

On the other hand, poverty has been seen to be periodically interpreted by the failings of the structural levels which are as a result of the economy inability to create sufficient respectable paying jobs (Best, 2013). There has been a dominant perspective of individual falling into poverty has been conceptualized by the consequences of the individual deficiencies. Through social survey poverty has been consistently ranking by laziness, low ability and lack of efforts by individuals as they are the main important factors that connect to poverty. Structural reasons in America that cause poverty are discrimination and unemployment that are considerably less important (Rosenblum & Travis, 2016).

Poverty has been greatly shaped by varying factors such as age, gender, race, and residence factors. Other demographic factors such as the giving birth outside marriage, having a large number of children and having them at an earlier age have been closely linked to poverty. Physical disabilities that have a way of interfering with the individual’s ability to engage in the labor market have been seen to elevate poverty (Best, 2013). Motivation and attitude are casual factors that may lead to poverty. Divorce and separation have also been some of the factors that contribute to poverty. Family structures such as having housewives than working women have also been seen to cause poverty due to the numerous needs a family man has to meet. This is because all the income has been exhausted leaving less or nothing for development. Illness and incapacitation are contributing factors to poverty as many funds are used to treat the illness rather than focus on another thing that may help in eradicating poverty (Haveman et al, 2015).

Being one of the wealthiest countries in the world there rises the need to rethink on how to kick out poverty or at least minimize it. To begin with, the traditional manner of thinking regarding poverty should change. This is because poverty has been viewed as a result of the individual failings and inadequacies (Rosenblum & Travis, 2016). It has been perceived that they bring the poverty to themselves which is not entirely true. Poverty should be understood from the basic levels in order to implement strategies that will be productive. There should be economic opportunities for all in order to get rid of over-reliance, increase individualism and reward hard work “Because poverty is seen as more fluid and contingent, the techniques used to manage it must also be more flexible and proactive” p. 110 (Best, 2013). The mindset that has influenced the common public attitudes regarding the poor should change. This will help in fostering the poor, encouraging them which will help them realize the great potential they have and what they can do in order to improve their livelihood.

Conclusion

There should be a fundamental shift in thinking of how poverty only affects the poor when in reality it affects everyone. It should be a problem that everyone addresses as it concerns everyone by trying not to avoid the issue. There should be a considerable amount of money spent on the social problems that are directly connected to poverty such as medical, family and workforce problems (Rosenblum & Travis, 2016). It is true to say that everyone will be affected which means there is the need of shifting the focus to poverty reduction as it is a result of individual failing, economic and political factors.

Reference

Best, J. (2013). Redefining Poverty as Risk and Vulnerability: shifting strategies of liberal economic governance. Third World Quarterly, 34(1), 109-129. doi:10.1080/01436597.2013.755356

Haveman, R., Blank, R., Moffitt, R., Smeeding, T., & Wallace, G. (2015). THE WAR ON POVERTY: MEASUREMENT, TRENDS, AND POLICY. Journal Of Policy Analysis & Management, 34(3), 593-638. doi:10.1002/pam.21846

Rosenblum .K. E  & Travis TM. C(2016). The meaning of the difference American Constructions of Race and Ethnicity, Sex andGender, Social Class, Sexuality, and Disability. McGraw-Hill Education, 2 Penn Plaza, New York, NY 10121

Humanism

Discrimination against women has been rampant and much of it being experienced at the societal level. The social discrimination is majorly based on the economic status, height, age and the level of education which are the most valued standards of the current society. In most communities, discrimination was much felt when girls were forced into early marriages which became an obstacle towards their progress in education and other aspects of life. Similarly, in the film “Bread and Rose”, similar experiences were undergone and women of those days rose to fights against social discrimination. Among the content of the bread and roses’ slogan, struggles that women faced have been highlighted (Kenloachfilms, 2012). On this basis, this paper will describe the concept of gender discrimination against women and how social policies have influenced various attitudes towards women and their identity.

To start with, women are usually discriminated at workplaces by denial of fair wages. During the Lawrence strike, women were demonstrating against the way they were treated during the wage payment. They went holding signs which read "We want bread, but we want roses, too!" (Bittinger, 2012). On this complain, the attitude of the community regarded them as weak and as people who did not deserve equal treatment as that of men. The society in today’s generation is also subject to these perceptions that women are inferior. The social policy during the Lawrence strike was an increment of salaries to a level that promotes fairness. This was a remarkable strike that came to prove that women have every potential to work and deserve fair treatment in the workplaces (Kenloachfilms, 2012).  

The other evidence that women discrimination exists is the lack of dignity and respect. The society has been holding the attitude that women are inferior and had no right to complain or question. Their tasks were therefore considered to be domestic oriented and people perceived that white collar jobs were not fit for women (Bittinger, 2012). This is an attitude that was fought against by the introduction of social policy of being respected and treated with dignity. The Lawrence strike made a difference towards the attitude of the society as per how they perceived and treated women. In addition, the strike proved wrong the owners of the mill who believed that women could not unite due to their cultural and ethnicity background by organizing and successfully conducting the strike (Bittinger, 2012).

Lastly, unequal gender representation in the work place has for decades seen as substantial evidence that women are discriminated. This affects the hiring and firing as well as promotions. It is a common trend that managers recruit workers on the basis of gender rather than qualifications. This has significant worsened the attitude of the society that women are people of low social class. In the Lawrence strike, the struggle of bridging the marginal economic advances was a policy that would raise the social status of women. This is a subtle policy that tries to free women from the bondage of low social class. The social attitude of inferiority in women in terms of social class generally changed the attitude. “Social policies to be pursued must seek to enable them to live an independent life…” (Beleza, 2003).  This is a substantial statement that would enable women to be self dependent as the author states.

References

Top of Form

Bittinger, C. D. (2012). Vermont women, Native Americans & African Americans: Out of the shadows of history. Charleston, SC: History Press.

Bottom of Form

Top of Form

Paterson, K. (2006). Bread and roses, too. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.

Top of Form

Beleza, M. L. (2003). Discrimination against women with disabilities. Strasbourg: Council of Europe Publ.

Kenloachfilms, (2012) Bread and Roses- Trailer https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IrDpd4sCswY

Efforts to Combat Racial/Ethnic Health Disparities in America

Abstract

This paper gives a brief overview of health disparities which exist between the minority groups and White population.   The paper will also come up with the Action Plans which the HHS or Health and Human Services are taking to eliminate the health disparities.  Ethnic disparities in America have become a concern since this is an issue which has existed for several decades.  For example, the U.S department of health care has noticed that Black women experience a high rate of infant death than White women.  When it comes to insurance matters, adults from ethnic groups are uninsured and they are also denied quality care compared with White women.  These and many other reasons have made the Department of Health & Human Services (HHS) to  put concern in order to ensure that  the  entire population of U.S which is made up by White and ethnic groups get the quality care  and also to ensure that ethnic disparities are eliminated.  The department is taking all measures to create awareness on this burning issue and this is a major focus of this country in 21^st century.   Since the issue is a challenge to the whole nation, measures to eliminate the health disparities is a national agenda and the most important thing in this agenda is to come up with   the most important policy to combat   the whole problem.  Generally, the purpose of this paper is to   do a comprehensive research to find out the measures or efforts which the country is taking to eliminate the ethnic disparities in health issues.  

Introduction

U.S is a diverse country made up by various minority groups. Even though White population covers the higher percentage of population, minority groups also contributes the entire high population.  For example,  in the current population,  the  blacks comprises 12% of the population,  non-Hispanic comprises  67%,  Hispanic 14%,  Asian makes 4% and  native  Indian American makes 1% (Rossen & Schoendorf, 2014). By viewing these figures, the research has shown that   the number of minorities will increase and for the next few years to come the minorities will make 50%   of the whole population. Health disparities exist between the White population and minority population.  Major differences are seen in the quality care, life expectancy and other areas.  A research on ethnic disparities has shown that a large number of people living in America live a poor life but the most challenging thing is that most of them are minority groups.  For the most part, the poor living is brought by poor health care. It is important to note that the minority groups are discriminated in terms of insurance coverage, education and other related issues (Rossen & Schoendorf, 2014). Such issues contribute to lack of quality care thereby increasing the risk of developing more diseases due to lack of quality care.  The research done shows that the situation is getting better as medical advances in U.S are making the healthier lives of people and in particular the minority who are highly affected.  It is the high time for the HHS to eliminate the differences which arises from social, environmental and economic factor since these are the key area which the minorities get challenges.  These are issues which need steps to be taking towards raising awareness (LaVeist & Isaac, 2013). The action plans which the  HHS  is taking  complement  the strategies   which can be  set in order to get  health equity  between the entire population.  On the health equality, the National Partnership for Action (NPA) is responsible for that and its major purpose is to unite the entire community and to create collaboration to ensure that there is equality in health care and health disparities is eliminated (LaVeist & Isaac, 2013). The NPA also creates goals and objectives, programs with best practices and policies.  All these strategies which the NPA makes are to offer direction to the national leaders of private and public sectors and ensure that each sector has its roles on eliminating the disparities which exists between the minority and Whites in health care matters (LaVeist & Isaac, 2013).

Ethnic Health Disparities in America 

Research and studies on the figures below have shown that minority groups have experienced difficulties when it comes to quality health care due to lack of insurance coverage.  This has become a concern since this is an issue which has toughened the lives of minorities.  According to the research,   the number of minorities who lack insurance coverage has been increasing and this means that it is hard for minority groups to get quality health care services (Mead et al, 2008).   It is important to note that insurance status arise from  factors such as cost which leads to a  large number of low-income families thereby making it hard for them to  access quality care.  Other factor is lack of knowledge and this hinders them to enroll in public programs and so they are not eligible for support.  The graph below shows how minorities are denied health insurance due to ethnic disparities (Mead et al, 2008). 

Retrieved from: http://ethicalmarketsqualityoflife.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/health-graph4.gif

The figure below shows that African Asian American has a higher rate of death which results from lack of quality care. They have the high rate of heart diseases of all the population.  Statistics shows that they have the risk of getting heart diseases due to blood pressure as they lack the right medication. The high rate of death arises from poor health due to low income, lack of insurance coverage and these makes them to lack access to quality care thereby increasing chronic illnesses (Mead et al, 2008).  . The chronic illnesses reduce the life expectance of minority groups and this is an issue which has been put into concern.  In addition,   health disparities is evidence in minority groups particularly  in  Black men  and this also shows that there is gender difference and men are more discriminated and denied their rights such as access to quality care than women (Mead et al, 2008). 

Retrieved from: http://image.slidesharecdn.com/hepeintroductiontohealthdisparities1-13034960948993-phpapp01/95/hepe-introduction-to-health-disparities-1-36-728.jpg?cb=1303478439

Health status is an issue which has highly contributed to health disparities among minorities.  Difference on health status among minority groups and White arises as a result of low income, work status, segregation, environmental factors among other issues (Mead et al, 2008).   The worse condition of living contributes to diseases which go up being chronic as a result of lack of care. Several studies have shown that minorities lacks effective communication with caregivers and the linguistic barriers hinders them from getting quality care and they end up living a poor life with poor health.

Retrieved from: http://ethicalmarketsqualityoflife.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/health-graph4.gif

Black women in America face a high rate of infant mortality due to lack of special care.  The mortality rate is as a result of ethnicity differences which exist between White women and Black. In addition, various researches show that a large number of infants have low birth weight compared with Hispanic infants.  The poor outcomes affect their overall living and affect the minority population (Mead et al, 2008).  Preterm birth also happens to Black women as they lack special care while they are pregnant and they are not treated with a special treatment compared with native women.

Retrieved from: https://www.google.com/search?q=graphs+for+infant+mortality+rate+for+blacks&client=firefox-b&tbm=isch&tbo=u&source=univss&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwic2Zn1oYfOAhWIPI8KHR37AMQQsAQILw&biw=1366&bih=657#imgrc=KTtmz31NcMpDcM%3A

Efforts to Combat Racial/Ethnic Health Disparities in America

HHC is working in partnership with sectors to combat the health disparities and remove the barriers which arises from ethnic, socioeconomic and geographical factors which are contributing to the inequality.  Through identifying the major causes of the problem such as social determinants, behavior factor and ethnicity, HHC will be in a position to provide measures.  HHC has objectives and goals to achieve equaty in health services, eliminate disparities and to ensure that American people lives a quality and a healthier life.  HHC has put much effort to ensure that they have achieved their goals and objectives and more important they eliminate the disparities (Williams, 2007).  

The Obama Care

The HHC effort and action plans are fixed on Obama care to ensure that every person receives   insurance coverage, insurance reform and prevention.  The Obama Care is also responsible of ensuring that the health disparities are eliminated through prevention and awareness through own care.  Through provision of insurance coverage, HHC will maintain quality improvement as well as national prevention.  HHC effort is also fixed on the initiatives such as Health People 2020 (Williams, 2007). HHC has a vision of accomplishing equality in health care   among all gropes. In order to achieve the equality, HHC will work hard to eliminate the chronic disease, reduce the death rates and injuries among all races.  HHC has other initiatives known as Let’s Move! (Williams, 2007). This was established by Michelle Obama. Through these initiatives, HHC will ensure health equality by eliminating the childhood obesity, health life for children, offering pregnancy care, and empowering pregnant women. Among various initiatives, HHC also puts its focus on infrastructure in order to reduce the challenges which hinder access to quality care.  HHC will ensure that there will be no silos but rather there will be offices build for the department.  HHC is also making an effort to form partnership with federal department in order to collaborate and form a team which will offer best practice to offer health equality (Williams, 2007).  

Health care transformation

HHC is making much effort on transforming the health care system through securing the insurance coverage and through ensuring that all people gets quality care. Through Affordable Care Act, HHC will be able to transform the system and meet the goals (Williams, 2007).  Through transformation, there is an effort to improve primary care, form a connection between the   current social services and traditional health matters.  Renovation in health care system will also bring new invention of technology which will therefore reduce disparities through new methods of offering quality care (Williams, 2007).

Reinforcing the National health, workforce and infrastructure

HHC put more effort in addressing matters on primary care, health providers, care workers as well as community workers.   HHC puts focus on the workforce since there is a high rate of national diversity between workforces in U.S population (Williams, 2007).  On this point, HHC is ensuring that the gap which exists between the workforces is eliminated. They do this through eliminating the language barriers, encouraging interactions, strengthening cultural competence among other best practices.

Strengthening the well-being, safety and health of people

HHC puts much effort on these areas to ensure that ethnic minorities gets quality care. Through these best practices, HHC will create conducive environment for reducing diseases and providing a healthy living.  In this case, community-based practices will apply in order to eliminate the risk behaviors (Williams, 2007).  In addition, community based-practices will help in implementing the intervention which will fill the gap which exists between native and minority groups.  In order to ensure the well-being of people, HHC will have to implement education campaign which will raise awareness.  The education will play a great role as it will give an important message to both ethnic and Native Americans on prevention services (Williams, 2007).

Innovation and scientific knowledge

Through this advance, HHC will ensure quality care among minorities and natives.  Innovation will help in providing prevention measures, diagnosis, screening as well as best practices.  Innovation of   technology and scientific knowledge will also transform the health care system which will nourish the quality care through biomedical research (Williams, 2007).  In these areas, HHC will implement strategies which will be used to providing useful information as well as resources which the federal department will use in forming collaborative measures.  Scientific knowledge will also contribute to the expansion of health care research and this will help in training and future research (Williams, 2007).  In this case, research will be in a position to do a comprehensive research based on health issues, and how both minority and natives can get quality care.

Accountability, Efficacy and Transparency increase

HHC is making an effort to the efficiency of their programs.  HHC has found that in order to eliminate health disparities, it is important to include efficient programs, coordination, transparent measures, health infrastructure, transparency as well as accountability (Williams, 2007).  HHC will also implement the open-government activities which will assist people in applying the best practices in their communities which can improve quality care.  In these areas, HHC will ensure that funding to eliminate health disparities is offered. The funding will be offered to states, tribes as well as organization for them to conduct the best practices in their communities.   Through the community activities supported by the funds, the community will eliminate health disparities, inefficiencies and come up with useful opportunities (Williams, 2007).

Conclusion

The paper has offered a comprehensive research on health disparities in U.S and it is clear that the country’s population is made up by both native and minorities.  The health disparities affects the minority groups in a high rate where studies and research have seen that they live a poor live, lack quality care and all these are rooted from socioeconomic factors.  The important thing to note that HHC is a department which is working hard day and night to ensure that the health disparities are eliminated and that all American people whether minority or natives gets quality health care.  HHC takes Action Plans, sets goals and strategies to reduce health care disparities.  ACA is much better in the activities of reducing disparities as it carries all the reduction activities which are required in combating this issue.

Reference

Williams, R. A. (2007). Eliminating healthcare disparities in America: Beyond the IOM report. Totowa, N.J:

Humana Press.

Holly Mead, Lara Cartwright-Smith, Karen Jones,Christal Ramos, Kristy Woods, and Bruce Siegel

(2008). Racial and Ethnic Disparities in U.S Health Care: A Chartbook.

Rossen, L. M., & Schoendorf, K. C. (2014). Trends in Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Infant

Mortality Rates in the United States, 1989-2006. American Journal Of Public Health,

104(8), 1549-1556.

LaVeist, T. A., & Isaac, L. A. (2013). Race, ethnicity, and health: A public health reader. San

Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

            Adulthood

            Response 1

            I do consider myself as an adult because I always act as a mature individual and show the capability of being mature and responsible for things.  Individuals consider me as a kid based on my age which should never be the case because age should ever be utilized in defining of judging an individual.  In the society, one is considered as an adult once they have attained the age of 18. I do fully agree with several lines of this concept because at this age one has adequate experience with the happenings of life. Before attaining the age of 18 those things that individuals are permitted to do can be termed as lessons in gaining experience.  My adulthood will begin at that point when I will become fully responsible in life when I become independent.

            Response 2

            She is not likely to feel as if she is not completely grown up. This is because growing up is characterized by knowledge and experience. The fact that she is in school to learn does not mean that she is still not grown up.  Her being in school simply implies that she is seeking for academic knowledge that will help her in life.  Additionally, she is responsible and mature enough to handle things which may not allow her t feel like she is not completely grown.

            Response 3

            Adulthood is more defined socially than biologically because social surroundings help in shaping an individual. In regard to biological concept, individuals may not attaint adulthood through biological growth because adulthood is generated from life experience and surrounding.  The knowledge about life as well as experience assists in developing maturity and responsibility capability of an individual which defines adulthood.  Biological life stages concept utilizes age which is ineffective since individuals become adults at different stages based on their experiences and life perceptions (Cavanaugh, & Blanchard-Fields, 2015).

            Reference

Cavanaugh, J. C., & Blanchard-Fields, F. (2015). Adult development and aging.

Are leader born or made

Introduction

The manner in which we tend to reason about leadership have effects on how we see leaders around us. Most of us expect leaders to be heroes as they take charge and save the day. Good leaders are seen not to take the opinion of others and make the decision on their own. If they consult they are believed to be weak. Alternatively, in personal view, a leader should be collaborative and focused on the issue of making sure decisions that may arise. In this case, a leader is viewed as a tyrant or aggressive (Manktelow & Brodbeck, 2006). Due to our philosophies of how individuals become leaders the way we assess different people’s leadership capability is also affected.

According to behavioral theory, leaders are made and not born. The theories state that people become leaders through the process of learning, teaching and observation.  In order to be an effective leader, there are those skills on is set to possess. These skills can be achieved through the process of training, practice, perception, and the experience gained over time(Kets  & Engellau, 2004). The learning process of one to become an effective leader is a lifetime activity. In order to be a good leader, one has to seek development opportunities that will assist them in learning new leadership skills. To support its argument the theory embraces the military doctrine which is evident enough that leadership is a training program. Soft skills such as charisma, integrity and influence can only be explained and not implanted. Leadership comes with the ability to share a vision which can be taught through basic learning (Ruvolo et al 2004).

The fact of the matter is that most of the people have the capacity to become operational leaders but it takes time for them to develop. In the course of this period, they are able to identify the specific things that they are passionate about. They are as well able to identify and get to know their individual objectives as well as purpose (Ruvolo et al 2004). As time goes on they learn on ways to better express themselves so that others may understand and get to know them even better. It is after learning all these things with time that they are able to implement their unique strengths as well as leadership skills and they are able to stand up and openly express their unique purpose to the rest of the people (Manktelow & Brodbeck, 2006). Thus we can all agree that leaders grow and develop over time while their true identity as leaders is also nurtured over time. Thus it is also true to argue that leadership qualities can only be learned through life experiences but cannot be taught. Hard work, determination, and passion are the driving factors behind the lives of any potential leader. When opportunities are given to these leaders they are able to practice their leadership skills, strength and voice towards making a difference in the society and improvement are witnessed as they are given these chances to utilize their abilities. The fact that leadership is a learning process, so many people shun away from trying to understand themselves, their identities or neither their identities (Olson, 2009).

Leadership is considered as an art more than a science. This is attributed to the set of distinctive traits, which are advanced and are achieved over time. A leader is supposed to shine despite the position they are in. If there are cases where one's fear overrides the willingness of taking up the responsibilities then one can be regarded as a follower and not a leader (Olson, 2009). For one to be a leader in structured environments there arises the need of formal training so that they can learn how to manage well, start a small business and be able to lead on project based on the rules that can be learned and mastered.

Leadership is regarded as a choice. This means that a person makes that decision and comes forward to take up the challenge. This arises from the multitude that the person is already a leader, to begin with. When an individual has virtues such as prudence, fairness, and courage is seen to be an individual with leadership characteristics (Manktelow & Brodbeck, 2006). For a leader to be able to perform to the expected level one should be able to articulate leadership skills. Communication is one skill a leader cannot do without. A leader should be able to communicate with the people. Confidence also plays an important role. When a leader is confident people also tend to believe that the leader is well acquainted in the area and there is no need of them to worry (Kets & Engellau, 2004).

Some people would also argue that leaders are born since leadership relies heavily on our attitude. According to the trait theory, leaders usually have some attributes that and qualities that are different from person to person. It is this variation of attribute and qualities that do separate a leader and a non-leader (Kets & Engellau, 2004). This means that attitudes are natural hence few people have the braveries to do that which ought to be done either from the past or present experiences for the better of everyone. Therefore it is evident that specific characters are inborn but they, however, depend on the environment where they are polished, improved and enhanced over a period of time. Those who nurture their inborn qualities are able to become leaders while those who fail to develop and enhance their inborn qualities ends up losing on becoming a leader (Olson, 2009). Each and every individual has the chance and ability to become a leader as everyone is a leader wen born but it all depends on the time when one realizes that they have these qualities and the timing when they express their leadership qualities. Incidents or situations do play a great role in assisting one in realizing their leadership qualities and the action of sharpening the realized qualities is what makes a good leader (Ruvolo et al 2004).

Conclusion

In conclusion, it is important to note that leaders are both born as well as made. From the different evidences and arguments it is clear that both forms contribute towards formation of a leader. However, the making process is the final determinant to whether a person will actually follow the path of being a leader or not. Each and every one of us has the ability to become a leader but how we take time to improve our qualities or in realizing ourselves makes the difference. However in as much as we are born with the ability to become leaders, our driving factor which is basically passion to becoming a leader plays a larger role.

Reference

Kets, . V. M. F. R., & Engellau, E. (2004). Are leaders born or are they made?: The case of         Alexander the Great. London: Karnac.

Manktelow, J., & Brodbeck, F. C. (2006). How to lead: Discover the leader within you. London: MindTools.

Olson, D. A. (2009). Are Great Leaders Born, or Are They Made?. Frontiers Of Health Services             Management, 26(2), 27-30.

Ruvolo, C. M., Petersen, S. A., & LeBoeuf, J. G. (2004). Leaders Are Made, Not Born The          Critical Role of a Developmental Framework to Facilitate an Organizational Culture of Development. Consulting Psychology Journal: Practice & Research, 56(1), 10-19.     doi:10.1037/1061-4087.56.1.10

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            Culture and Business Conduct In Saudi Arabia

            Question 1

            The modern culture of Saudi Arabia was shaped by the Islamic group and Bedouin traditions in the nation.  The modern culture in Saudi has its grounds based on nomadic tribes which once wandered the peninsula, Arabian.   Several elements of the modern culture of Arabia can be traced from conducting business in open office which is directly linked to Bedouins religion has also been a major influence based on Islamic stores as well as other businesses have to be closed at least five times a day for prayers as illustrated by Koran which requires the women to maintain the strict code of dressing,.  Saudi Arabia is dissimilar to the western culture because in Saudi Arabia norms and values are footed on religion and traditions. In the western nations protestant ethic work holds a stronger influence o the culture of United States (Rumelt, 110).

            Question 2

            In order for the business conduction between a Saudi Arabian enterprise and an American corporation cultural sensitivity has to be considered.  This is because unlike the western culture which conducts business based on outcomes and time Saudi Arabia culture conducts business based on religion, family as well as friends opinion.  To the western nation success is more significant and gender does not matter and women are largely involved in the business (Goldstein, 315). On the other hand, Saudi Arabia culture gives women little opportunities and freedom in bossiness activities.  Misunderstanding may arise on communication, gender differences as well as the modes of conducting business.

            Question 3

            I would advise the corporation to priorities on taking adequate time to understand the Saudi Arabian culture as well as the mode f doing business in Saudi.  Since in Saudi women are not preferred in conducting business the western company should utilize a man in the situation of discussing the business proposal.  The company is also required to be very patient because the Saudi Arabia culture prioritizes time than success.  The value of time that is most desired in Western Corporation is not considered in Saudi Arabia.

            Work Cited

Goldstein, Natalie. Religion and the State. New York: Facts On File, 2010. Internet resource.

            Rumelt, Richard. Good Strategy, Bad Strategy: The Difference and Why It Matters. London: Profile, 2011. Internet resource.

Darwinism and American Society

            Social Darwinism in the American society had the notion that the common class had no authority over those who were bare to struggle for existence. Social Darwinism was the idea of the evolution theory and the ordinary assortment to the current social growth. This kind of allotment was used by the American businessmen as a methodical evidence of their dominance. Those who were much prepared to succeed the great effort for the survival was the American businessman.  This led to the fact that revenues and policies acted as risk to their existence.  Thus the role of the Social American Darwinism was to put biological perceptions of the natural assortment and the survival of the fittest to sociology and political affairs (Hofstadter & Richard, 48).  

            The government that was led by Hitler relied much on the concept of Darwinism.  This led to Hitler making a policy that his administration would develop and establish policies that would protect the superior races. He wanted to prevent the substandard races from connecting with those who moderated them for them to lessen the contagion of the last’s genetic material group. The superior race was established on the group inequality philosophy in their species and this was the main presumption of the Darwin’s hypothesis, endurance for the fittest.  This notion led to the last outcome that many of the Jews and other people belonged to the substandard races.  Darwinism has the notion that evolution develops by the different survival of the fittest or on the superior races.  This needs divergences between species which within a given time becomes satisfactory so that those who have superior traits are more fitting to existence (Weikart &Richard, 112).

            The foundation of the Americans eugenics group developed from the American breeders’ association. This association mainly focused on the scientific development of animals and plants.  The association also developed a committee on the Eugenics within its organization which was to assess the probability of putting into the rules of animal breeding to humans.  Social Darwinism and the eugenics shaped the immigrant experience that was in the States as it put together the information about what was predicted to be the hereditary features as that of the many families in America.  This was to help in recognizing those who would be motivated and those who wouldn’t be permitted to leave their children.  The notion in eugenics was derived from a notion in the Darwinian evolution. Thus the outcome of this notion projected to unclear the fact that it was a natural destination of the Darwinist beliefs (Winfield &Ann, 124).

            The Fundamentalists Christians are against Darwinism as many of them believed in the creation in Genesis and believe that the world was created a thousand years back.  Darwin explains the origin of species in which Christians do not believe in.  In the years after the species originated, theologians started to connect the Darwin’s theory and the Christian belief. Some Christians argued that the way the theory explains the evolution was a method of God’s creation. Mainly Christians were against the Darwinism mainly on the human species as they confirmed that evolution could create conflict between the Christian beliefs that human beings are created in the God’s image.  The Christians argued that if they had to believe in the evolution of species that would mean that they could also believe that God gave life through evolution which was against God’s teaching. The Fundamentalist were much against the American’s social liberalism by protecting the historic Christina teachings.  They believed that conversion only happens when those who need it put their salvation in the hands of Jesus alone (Hofstadter & Richard, 67). 

Work cited

Hofstadter, Richard. Social Darwinism in American Thought. Boston, Mass: Beacon Press, 1993. Print.    

Weikart, Richard. From Darwin to Hitler: Evolutionary Ethics, Eugenics, and Racism in Germany. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2006. Print.

Winfield, Ann G. Eugenics and Education in America: Institutionalized Racism and the Implications of History, Ideology, and Memory. New York: Lang, 2007. Print. 

            Reflection

            Oppression to me is those things that make us feel separated from the society. Racism is not one of the subjects that will appear every day in our conversations. Despite the fact that most individuals will try to ignore the fact that it exists racism lives among us all (Corlett, 2010). Racism has obviously marked the lives of most of us in one way or another.  To be racism is an important history part to everyone who has been oppressed.

I felt very marginalized and oppressed one day in school when my fellow students against me because the fact that I would not communicate proper English. They judged me by my looks and my speech thus forgetting that race cannot be utilized in establishing who we are.  As a student who comes from an origin where English is not a part of us, I have been brought up to understand that individuals must cope with different people in order to conquer. The event was horrible for me which made me realize that racism plays a greater part in our everyday lives.  This made it clear to me that I have not been the only individual who has been mistreated because of their origin and skin color in the society today.

            I have always ignored the fact that racism is real as well as a tangible concept until I witnessed it.  This event challenged by attitudes thus helping me understand the thought that racism can be termed as a concept of biology that is real. The concept of racism has always been unidentified in a manner that never puts the white individuals at a disadvantage.  This has always put most individuals at a disadvantage (Corlett, 2010).  This is why most individuals hold misconceptions in regard to racism.  The race is the construction of the society which holds a biological sense thus defining it in real (Corlett, 2010). I realized that the concept of racism applies in my life since my race is defined by the perceptions and judgments made by individuals. I am strongly attached to my   traditional background which makes me less privileged as compared to the white individuals who are treated in a better way.  I am terrified that the perception while not end sooner because those that are white are treated better in the society and therefore, receive better services.  The concept of white superiority will not end sooner because for those that are not white there is no courtesy that is held for them.  The concept ties this to the concept of social construction because how individuals identify me based on their perceptions and judgments that are mainly influenced by racism.

            Based on ‘’The Souls of Black Folk ‘’ race and racism are threads that are interwoven in which one thread is an illusion and the other one is a painful experience in reality (Dubois, 2014).  The only thing that might help in building better societies that are not characterized by race superiority is by confronting the irrationality of every person (Dubois, 2014).  Racism terrifies me because it is mainly influenced by social construction and genetic concrete. While growing up I realized that the concept of racism only focuses on the victims thus avoiding to pay attention to the victims. The concept should, however, incorporate all the involved individuals to ensure that the perception and judgments of individuals based on race is eradicated completely.  The concept should not ignore the real perpetrators who are the societal institutions. From experience, racism can be defined as much more that several hateful individuals as it is perpetuated by a general system.

            References

Corlett, J. A. (2010). Heirs of oppression. Lanham, Md: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.

Dubois W.E B. (2014). The Souls of Black Folk. Simon and Schuster. Copyright.

            Music and Domestic Violence

            Domestic violence has recently become prevalent in music, social media and in academic literature. The issue can thus be considered epidemic due to the increased rate. Domestic violence can be defined an abusive behavior pattern in any intimate relationship that is utilized in gaining more control and power over the other partner (Edwards, 2015). This can, therefore, be sexual, emotional, economic, psychological or physical abuse that is utilized in influencing the other individual.  Spouse violence is a critical issue in the society that needs to be addressed. The society, therefore, needs to adopt different strategies in ensuring that individual’s perceptions towards domestic violence are changing (Edwards, 2015).  Since music is increasingly becoming a significant element in the lives of individuals today it can thus be utilized in spreading information in regard to domestic violence. This will, therefore, work to ensure that the perceptions of persons about domestic violence are changed positively in order to reduce the occurrence.

            Based on several studies conducted on the impact of music towards individuals perception change in domestic violence it has been established that music helps individuals in acting out of violence (Finley, 2013). This is mainly because music is among the best communication forms in the world today.  Most individuals who are involved in domestic violence are young persons who are active music listeners. This, therefore, means that through music a message can be sent to show the effects of domestic violence. This will additionally work to illustrate how it can be avoided (Finley, 2013).

            In the western societies listening to, music is a frequent activity that individuals engage in (Edwards, 2015). In order to change the perception of individuals towards domestic violence music can fully accomplish this through interpretation of songs. This, therefore, means that the songs should be characterized with simple interpretation through the verses and chorus. This will, therefore, work to ensure that individuals understand the intended message in the right way and at ease.  The song's verses and choruses should hold domestic violence concepts and themes (Edwards, 2015). The themes will act as the songs thesis in ensuring that the society accepts the message of the songs.  Individuals are not only exposed to a variety of songs but they actually choose the activity of listening to songs in different places and events. Several songs are therefore popular despite the fact that they are antisocial on the lyrics on essential matters such as domestic violence. Music as well as lyrics holds the power to communicate to individuals as they information is processed by the brains of individuals at detailed and complex levels (Edwards, 2015).

            In comparison to reading articles with domestic violence content individuals are more likely to change their perceptions while listening to music that has domestic violence concept.  This is due to its musical nature which makes it desirable and more opted than other forms of communication (Finley, 2013). In the recent years, those songs that hold antisocial nature have been established to be the leading causes of domestic violence increase. This is because the concept they generate develops a different interpretation as individuals may tend to think that domestic violence is normal.  These songs additionally result in the increase of other antisocial behaviors because the negative perception is softened by the lyrics and concepts held by the songs.  Individuals, therefore, finds the antisocial unappealing when the music of a particular song is not pleasant. Therefore music can transform the domestic violence perception by ensuring that the objectivity of the song is well stated and that the lyrics are well footed with the trend (Finley, 2013).

            Music can additionally be utilized in sending an emotional message (Allen, 2012).  This implies that individual’s attitudes and behaviors can be transformed through sensitive music.  Based on research music acts as a form of therapy as individuals are able to relax and gain control when they are listening to music. This mean that with the utilization of music that holds sensitive domestic violence messages individuals will gain self-control.  Those that act with anger may thus be able to learn how t controls their attitudes and perception.  Music helps in developing awareness of the consequences as well as the review of an event. With good music individuals will thus be able to learn about violence in a musical way rather than in the silence manner (Allen, 2012). Transforming the emotions of individuals through music is the best way of eradicating the occurrence of violence.  This is because the perception determines the rate of the violence. Antisocial music should not be encouraged because it works in ensuring that individuals desire negative behaviors (Allen, 2012).

            In conclusion, music plays an essential role in transforming the perceptions of individuals. Therefore it can be utilized in ensuring that individuals view domestic violence as a negative thing in order to ensure that the occurrence is reduced.  Socialization is influenced greatly by music and therefore by developing domestic violence concepts and themes in music and lyrics this will work to transform individual’s perception.  Music is thus necessitated to hold well stated and simplified domestic violence information in order to ensure that efficiency is achieved in perception changing.

            References

            Allen, M. (2012). Narrative therapy for women experiencing domestic violence: Supporting women's transitions from abuse to safety. London: Jessica Kingsley Publishers.

Edwards, J. (2015). The Oxford handbook of music therapy.

Finley, L. L. (2013). Encyclopedia of domestic violence and abuse.